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McLamb N, Jennemann JE, Willey P, Liu C. A novel HLA-C*18 variant allele, HLA-C*18:20, identified by next-generation sequencing. HLA 2024; 104:e15647. [PMID: 39148296 DOI: 10.1111/tan.15647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2024] [Revised: 07/31/2024] [Accepted: 08/03/2024] [Indexed: 08/17/2024]
Abstract
A missense nucleotide substitution at codon 95 of HLA-C*18:01:01:01 creates a novel allele HLA-C*18:20.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathan McLamb
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | | | - Patricia Willey
- HLA Laboratory, Barnes-Jewish Hospital, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Chang Liu
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
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2
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Geo JA, Ameen R, Al Shemmari S, Thomas J. Advancements in HLA Typing Techniques and Their Impact on Transplantation Medicine. Med Princ Pract 2024; 33:215-231. [PMID: 38442703 PMCID: PMC11175610 DOI: 10.1159/000538176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2023] [Accepted: 02/28/2024] [Indexed: 03/07/2024] Open
Abstract
HLA typing serves as a standard practice in hematopoietic stem cell transplantation to ensure compatibility between donors and recipients, preventing the occurrence of allograft rejection and graft-versus-host disease. Conventional laboratory methods that have been widely employed in the past few years, including sequence-specific primer PCR and sequencing-based typing (SBT), currently face the risk of becoming obsolete. This risk stems not only from the extensive diversity within HLA genes but also from the rapid advancement of next-generation sequencing and third-generation sequencing technologies. Third-generation sequencing systems like single-molecule real-time (SMRT) sequencing and Oxford Nanopore (ONT) sequencing have the capability to analyze long-read sequences that span entire intronic-exonic regions of HLA genes, effectively addressing challenges related to HLA ambiguity and the phasing of multiple short-read fragments. The growing dominance of these advanced sequencers in HLA typing is expected to solidify further through ongoing refinements, cost reduction, and error rate minimization. This review focuses on hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) and explores prospective advancements and application of HLA DNA typing techniques. It explores how the adoption of third-generation sequencing technologies can revolutionize the field by offering improved accuracy, reduced ambiguity, and enhanced assessment of compatibility in HSCT. Embracing these cutting-edge technologies is essential to advancing the success rates and outcomes of hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. This review underscores the importance of staying at the forefront of HLA typing techniques to ensure the best possible outcomes for patients undergoing HSCT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeethu Anu Geo
- Medical Laboratory Sciences Department, Health Sciences Center, Kuwait University, Kuwait City, Kuwait
- Department of Biotechnology, Karunya Institute of Technology and Sciences, Coimbatore, India
| | - Reem Ameen
- Medical Laboratory Sciences Department, Health Sciences Center, Kuwait University, Kuwait City, Kuwait
| | - Salem Al Shemmari
- Department of Medicine, Health Sciences Center, Kuwait University, Kuwait City, Kuwait
| | - Jibu Thomas
- Department of Biotechnology, Karunya Institute of Technology and Sciences, Coimbatore, India
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3
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Detection and characterization of the novel HLA-DPA1*02:66:02N allele, with a premature stop codon in exon 2. Hum Immunol 2023; 84:296-300. [PMID: 36797092 DOI: 10.1016/j.humimm.2023.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2023] [Revised: 02/09/2023] [Accepted: 02/09/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2023]
Abstract
The failure to identify HLA null alleles in bone marrow transplantation could be life-threatening because this could result in an HLA mismatch with the ability to trigger the graft-vs-host disease (GVHD) and to reduce patient's survival. In this report we describe the identification and characterization of the novel HLA-DPA1*02:66:02N allele with a non-sense codon in exon 2. This new allele was discovered in two unrelated bone marrow donors during routine HLA-typing using next-generation sequencing (NGS). DPA1*02:66:02N is homologous to DPA1*02:01:01:03 with a single nucleotide difference in exon 2, codon 50, where the replacement of C located at genomic position 3825 by T, causes the formation of a premature stop codon (TGA), resulting in a null allele. This description illustrates the benefits of HLA typing by NGS since it permits to reduce ambiguities, identify new alleles, analyze multiple HLA loci and improve transplantation outcome.
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4
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Cornaby C, Weimer ET. HLA Typing by Next-Generation Sequencing: Lessons Learned and Future Applications. Clin Lab Med 2022; 42:603-612. [PMID: 36368785 DOI: 10.1016/j.cll.2022.09.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Caleb Cornaby
- McLendon Clinical Laboratories, UNC Hospitals, 101 Manning Drive, Chapel Hill, NC 27514, USA
| | - Eric T Weimer
- McLendon Clinical Laboratories, UNC Hospitals, 101 Manning Drive, Chapel Hill, NC 27514, USA; Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC 27514, USA.
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5
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HLA-B evolutionary divergence is associated with outcomes after SARS-CoV-2 infection. Hum Immunol 2022; 83:803-807. [PMID: 36109290 PMCID: PMC9464580 DOI: 10.1016/j.humimm.2022.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2022] [Revised: 07/28/2022] [Accepted: 09/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
We examined the correlation between class I HLA evolutionary divergence (HED), a surrogate for the capacity to present different peptides, and the outcomes of 234 adult inpatients with confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection. Genomic DNA was extracted from peripheral blood and genotyped by next-generation sequencing (NGS). HED scores for HLA class I (HLA-A, -B, and -C) genotypes were calculated using Grantham’s distance. Higher HED scores for HLA-B, but not HLA-A or -C, are significantly associated with a decreased probability of poor outcomes including ICU admission, mechanical ventilation, and death (OR = 0.93; P = 0.04) in the univariate analysis. In the multivariate analysis, increased HLA-B HED score, younger age, and no comorbidity were independently associated with favorable outcomes (P = 0.02, P = 0.01, and P = 0.05, respectively). This finding is consistent with the notion that broader peptide repertoires presented by class I HLA may be beneficial in infection control.
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6
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Shen M, Duffy BF, Jennemann J, Parikh BA, Liu C. A novel
HLA‐DQA1*01
allele,
HLA‐DQA1*01:99
, identified by next‐generation sequencing. HLA 2022; 100:662-664. [DOI: 10.1111/tan.14758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2022] [Revised: 08/03/2022] [Accepted: 08/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Manli Shen
- Department of Pathology and Immunology Washington University in St. Louis St. Louis Missouri USA
| | - Brian F. Duffy
- Department of Laboratories Barnes‐Jewish Hospital St. Louis Missouri USA
| | - Jo‐Ellen Jennemann
- Department of Laboratories Barnes‐Jewish Hospital St. Louis Missouri USA
| | - Bijal A. Parikh
- Department of Pathology and Immunology Washington University in St. Louis St. Louis Missouri USA
| | - Chang Liu
- Department of Pathology and Immunology Washington University in St. Louis St. Louis Missouri USA
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7
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Human Leukocyte Antigen (HLA) System: Genetics and Association with Bacterial and Viral Infections. J Immunol Res 2022; 2022:9710376. [PMID: 35664353 PMCID: PMC9162874 DOI: 10.1155/2022/9710376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2022] [Accepted: 05/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The human leukocyte antigen (HLA) system is one of the most crucial host factors influencing disease progression in bacterial and viral infections. This review provides the basic concepts of the structure and function of HLA molecules in humans. Here, we highlight the main findings on the associations between HLA class I and class II alleles and susceptibility to important infectious diseases such as tuberculosis, leprosy, melioidosis, Staphylococcus aureus infection, human immunodeficiency virus infection, coronavirus disease 2019, hepatitis B, and hepatitis C in populations worldwide. Finally, we discuss challenges in HLA typing to predict disease outcomes in clinical implementation. Evaluation of the impact of HLA variants on the outcome of bacterial and viral infections would improve the understanding of pathogenesis and identify those at risk from infectious diseases in distinct populations and may improve the individual treatment.
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8
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Next generation sequencing of human platelet antigens for routine clinical investigations and donor screening. Transfus Med Rev 2022; 36:87-96. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tmrv.2022.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2021] [Revised: 01/04/2022] [Accepted: 01/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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9
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Schindler E, Dribus M, Duffy BF, Hock K, Farnsworth CW, Gragert L, Liu C. HLA genetic polymorphism in patients with Coronavirus Disease 2019 in Midwestern United States. HLA 2021; 98:370-379. [PMID: 34338446 PMCID: PMC8429120 DOI: 10.1111/tan.14387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2021] [Revised: 07/23/2021] [Accepted: 07/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The experience of individuals with Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID‐19) ranges from asymptomatic to life threatening multi‐organ dysfunction. Specific HLA alleles may affect the predisposition to severe COVID‐19 because of their role in presenting viral peptides to launch the adaptive immune response to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2). In this population‐based case–control study in the midwestern United States, we performed high‐resolution HLA typing of 234 cases hospitalized for COVID‐19 in the St. Louis metropolitan area and compared their HLA allele frequencies with those of 22,000 matched controls from the National Marrow Donor Program (NMDP). We identified two predisposing alleles, HLA‐DRB1*08:02 in the Hispanic group (OR = 9.0, 95% confidence interval: 2.2–37.9; adjusted p = 0.03) and HLA‐A*30:02 in younger African Americans with ages below the median (OR = 2.2, 1.4–3.6; adjusted p = 0.01), and several candidate alleles with potential associations with COVID‐19 in African American, White, and Hispanic groups. We also detected risk‐associated amino acid residues in the peptide binding grooves of some of these alleles, suggesting the presence of functional associations. These findings support the notion that specific HLA alleles may be protective or predisposing factors to COVID‐19. Future consortium analysis of pooled cases and controls is warranted to validate and extend these findings, and correlation with viral peptide binding studies will provide additional evidence for the functional association between HLA alleles and COVID‐19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily Schindler
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Mercy Hospital, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Marian Dribus
- Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA
| | - Brian F Duffy
- HLA Laboratory, Barnes-Jewish Hospital, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Karl Hock
- Division of Laboratory and Genomic Medicine, Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Christopher W Farnsworth
- Division of Laboratory and Genomic Medicine, Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Loren Gragert
- Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA
| | - Chang Liu
- Division of Laboratory and Genomic Medicine, Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
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10
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Tang MS, Duffy BF, Jennemann JE, Parikh BA, Liu C. A novel B*07 variant allele, B*07:416, identified by next-generation sequencing. HLA 2021; 97:545-546. [PMID: 33650327 DOI: 10.1111/tan.14242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2021] [Revised: 02/24/2021] [Accepted: 02/25/2021] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
HLA-B*07:416 differs from HLA-B*07:02 by a missense mutation at codon 92 of the cDNA sequence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mei San Tang
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University in St Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Brian F Duffy
- Department of Laboratories, Barnes-Jewish Hospital, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Jo-Ellen Jennemann
- Department of Laboratories, Barnes-Jewish Hospital, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Bijal A Parikh
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University in St Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Chang Liu
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University in St Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
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11
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Liu C, Yang X, Duffy BF, Hoisington-Lopez J, Crosby M, Porche-Sorbet R, Saito K, Berry R, Swamidass V, Mitra RD. High-resolution HLA typing by long reads from the R10.3 Oxford nanopore flow cells. Hum Immunol 2021; 82:288-295. [PMID: 33612390 DOI: 10.1016/j.humimm.2021.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2020] [Revised: 02/08/2021] [Accepted: 02/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Nanopore sequencing has been investigated as a rapid and cost-efficient option for HLA typing in recent years. Despite the lower raw read accuracy, encouraging typing accuracy has been reported, and long reads from the platform offer additional benefits of the improved phasing of distant variants. The newly released R10.3 flow cells are expected to provide higher read-level accuracy than previous chemistries. We examined the performance of R10.3 flow cells on the MinION device in HLA typing after enrichment of target genes by multiplexed PCR. We also aimed to mimic a 1-day workflow with 8-24 samples per sequencing run. A diverse collection of 102 unique samples were typed for HLA-A, -B, -C, -DPA1, -DPB1, -DQA1, -DQB1, -DRB1, -DRB3/4/5 loci. The concordance rates at 2-field and 3-field resolutions were 99.5% (1836 alleles) and 99.3% (1710 alleles). We also report important quality metrics from these sequencing runs. Continued research and independent validations are warranted to increase the robustness of nanopore-based HLA typing for broad clinical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang Liu
- Division of Laboratory and Genomic Medicine, Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA.
| | - Xiao Yang
- GeneGenieDx, 160 E Tasman Dr Ste 109, San Jose, CA, USA
| | - Brian F Duffy
- HLA Laboratory, Barnes-Jewish Hospital, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Jessica Hoisington-Lopez
- Department of Genetics, Center for Genome Sciences and Systems Biology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - MariaLynn Crosby
- Department of Genetics, Center for Genome Sciences and Systems Biology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Rhonda Porche-Sorbet
- Division of Laboratory and Genomic Medicine, Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | | | - Rick Berry
- PlatformSTL, 4340 Duncan Ave. St. Louis, MO, USA
| | | | - Robi D Mitra
- Department of Genetics, Center for Genome Sciences and Systems Biology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
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12
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Ingrassia F, Pecoraro A, Blando M, Bruno F, Lo Brutto A, Mistretta S, Bavetta R, Cappuzzo V. Identification of a single nucleotide deletion in the novel HLA-DQB1*06:379N allele, detected by Polymerase Chain Reaction-Sequence Based Typing but not by Next Generation Sequencing. HLA 2020; 96:709-713. [PMID: 33006267 DOI: 10.1111/tan.14083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2020] [Revised: 09/09/2020] [Accepted: 09/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
In this report we describe the characterization of a novel null HLA-DQB1 allele, detected by polymerase chain reaction-sequence-based typing but not by next-generation sequencing (NGS). The new allele, HLA-DQB1*06:379N, was discovered in an Italian patient with acute myeloid leukemia and also in one of her healthy siblings. The new allele is largely homologous to DQB1*06:02:01:01 with a T deletion in exon 2, in codon 11, which causes a frameshift and the formation of an unusual and premature TGA STOP in codon 27. This case report underlines the importance of not removing Sanger method sequencing from routine use for high-resolution HLA typing, but to maintain it together with NGS technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Ingrassia
- Laboratorio Regionale di Tipizzazione Tessutale ed Immunologia dei Trapianti, U.O.C. Medicina Trasfusionale e dei Trapianti-A.O.R. Villa Sofia-Cervello, Palermo, Italy
| | - Alice Pecoraro
- Laboratorio Regionale di Tipizzazione Tessutale ed Immunologia dei Trapianti, U.O.C. Medicina Trasfusionale e dei Trapianti-A.O.R. Villa Sofia-Cervello, Palermo, Italy
| | - Maria Blando
- Laboratorio Regionale di Tipizzazione Tessutale ed Immunologia dei Trapianti, U.O.C. Medicina Trasfusionale e dei Trapianti-A.O.R. Villa Sofia-Cervello, Palermo, Italy
| | - Floriana Bruno
- Laboratorio Regionale di Tipizzazione Tessutale ed Immunologia dei Trapianti, U.O.C. Medicina Trasfusionale e dei Trapianti-A.O.R. Villa Sofia-Cervello, Palermo, Italy
| | - Angela Lo Brutto
- Laboratorio Regionale di Tipizzazione Tessutale ed Immunologia dei Trapianti, U.O.C. Medicina Trasfusionale e dei Trapianti-A.O.R. Villa Sofia-Cervello, Palermo, Italy
| | - Serena Mistretta
- Laboratorio Regionale di Tipizzazione Tessutale ed Immunologia dei Trapianti, U.O.C. Medicina Trasfusionale e dei Trapianti-A.O.R. Villa Sofia-Cervello, Palermo, Italy
| | - Rosalba Bavetta
- Laboratorio Regionale di Tipizzazione Tessutale ed Immunologia dei Trapianti, U.O.C. Medicina Trasfusionale e dei Trapianti-A.O.R. Villa Sofia-Cervello, Palermo, Italy
| | - Valentina Cappuzzo
- Laboratorio Regionale di Tipizzazione Tessutale ed Immunologia dei Trapianti, U.O.C. Medicina Trasfusionale e dei Trapianti-A.O.R. Villa Sofia-Cervello, Palermo, Italy
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13
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Liu C. A long road/read to rapid high-resolution HLA typing: The nanopore perspective. Hum Immunol 2020; 82:488-495. [PMID: 32386782 DOI: 10.1016/j.humimm.2020.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2020] [Revised: 04/24/2020] [Accepted: 04/29/2020] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Next-generation sequencing (NGS) has been widely adopted for clinical HLA typing and advanced immunogenetics researches. Current methodologies still face challenges in resolving cis-trans ambiguity involving distant variant positions, and the turnaround time is affected by testing volume and batching. Nanopore sequencing may become a promising addition to the existing options for HLA typing. The technology delivered by the MinION sequencer of Oxford Nanopore Technologies (ONT) can record the ionic current changes during the translocation of DNA/RNA strands through transmembrane pores and translate the signals to sequence reads. It features simple and flexible library preparations, long sequencing reads, portable and affordable sequencing devices, and rapid, real-time sequencing. However, the error rate of the sequencing reads is high and remains a hurdle for its broad application. This review article will provide a brief overview of this technology and then focus on the opportunities and challenges of using nanopore sequencing for high-resolution HLA typing and immunogenetics research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang Liu
- Division of Laboratory and Genomic Medicine, Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University in St. Louis School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63105, United States.
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