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Mbanjo EGN, Ogungbesan A, Agbona A, Akpotuzor P, Toyinbo S, Iluebbey P, Rabbi IY, Peteti P, Wages SA, Norton J, Zhang X, Bohórquez-Chaux A, Mushoriwa H, Egesi C, Kulakow P, Parkes E. Validation of SNP Markers for Diversity Analysis, Quality Control, and Trait Selection in a Biofortified Cassava Population. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 13:2328. [PMID: 39204764 PMCID: PMC11359368 DOI: 10.3390/plants13162328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2024] [Revised: 06/26/2024] [Accepted: 07/03/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024]
Abstract
A validated marker system is crucial to running an effective genomics-assisted breeding program. We used 36 Kompetitive Allele-Specific PCR (KASP) markers to genotype 376 clones from the biofortified cassava pipeline, and fingerprinted 93 of these clones with DArTseq markers to characterize breeding materials and evaluate their relationships. The discriminating ability of the 36-quality control (QC) KASP and 6602 DArTseq markers was assessed using 92 clones genotyped in both assays. In addition, trait-specific markers were used to determine the presence or absence of target genomic regions. Hierarchical clustering identified two major groups, and the clusters were consistent with the breeding program origins. There was moderate genetic differentiation and a low degree of variation between the identified groups. The general structure of the population was similar using both assays. Nevertheless, KASP markers had poor resolution when it came to differentiating the genotypes by seed sources and overestimated the prevalence of duplicates. The trait-linked markers did not achieve optimal performance as all markers displayed variable levels of false positive and/or false negative. These findings represent the initial step in the application of genomics-assisted breeding for the biofortified cassava pipeline, and will guide the use of genomic selection in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Adebukola Ogungbesan
- International Institute of Tropical Agriculture (IITA), Ibadan 200001, Nigeria (P.K.)
| | - Afolabi Agbona
- Texas A&M Agrilife Research & Extension Center, Weslaco, TX 78596, USA
| | - Patrick Akpotuzor
- International Institute of Tropical Agriculture (IITA), Ibadan 200001, Nigeria (P.K.)
| | - Seyi Toyinbo
- International Institute of Tropical Agriculture (IITA), Ibadan 200001, Nigeria (P.K.)
| | - Peter Iluebbey
- International Institute of Tropical Agriculture (IITA), Ibadan 200001, Nigeria (P.K.)
| | - Ismail Yusuf Rabbi
- International Institute of Tropical Agriculture (IITA), Ibadan 200001, Nigeria (P.K.)
| | - Prasad Peteti
- International Institute of Tropical Agriculture (IITA), Ibadan 200001, Nigeria (P.K.)
| | - Sharon A. Wages
- College of Tropical Agriculture and Human Resources (CTAHR), University of Hawaii at Manoa, Hilo, HI 96720, USA
| | - Joanna Norton
- College of Tropical Agriculture and Human Resources (CTAHR), University of Hawaii at Manoa, Hilo, HI 96720, USA
| | - Xiaofei Zhang
- Cassava Program, International Center for Tropical Agriculture (CIAT), CGIAR, Cali 763537, Colombia
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Adriana Bohórquez-Chaux
- Cassava Program, International Center for Tropical Agriculture (CIAT), CGIAR, Cali 763537, Colombia
| | - Hapson Mushoriwa
- International Institute of Tropical Agriculture (IITA), Ibadan 200001, Nigeria (P.K.)
| | - Chiedozie Egesi
- International Institute of Tropical Agriculture (IITA), Ibadan 200001, Nigeria (P.K.)
- National Root Crops Research Institute (NRCRI), Umudike, Umuahia 440001, Nigeria
- Plant Breeding and Genetics Section, School of Integrative Plant Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - Peter Kulakow
- International Institute of Tropical Agriculture (IITA), Ibadan 200001, Nigeria (P.K.)
| | - Elizabeth Parkes
- IITA—Zambia, Southern Africa Research and Administration Hub (SARAH), Plot 1458B, Ngwerere Road (off Great North Road), Chongwe 10100, Lusaka, Zambia
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Anglin NL, Chavez O, Soto-Torres J, Gomez R, Panta A, Vollmer R, Durand M, Meza C, Azevedo V, Manrique-Carpintero NC, Kauth P, Coombs JJ, Douches DS, Ellis D. Promiscuous potato: elucidating genetic identity and the complex genetic relationships of a cultivated potato germplasm collection. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2024; 15:1341788. [PMID: 39011311 PMCID: PMC11246962 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2024.1341788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2023] [Accepted: 04/29/2024] [Indexed: 07/17/2024]
Abstract
A total of 3,860 accessions from the global in trust clonal potato germplasm collection w3ere genotyped with the Illumina Infinium SolCAP V2 12K potato SNP array to evaluate genetic diversity and population structure within the potato germplasm collection. Diploid, triploid, tetraploid, and pentaploid accessions were included representing the cultivated potato taxa. Heterozygosity ranged from 9.7% to 66.6% increasing with ploidy level with an average heterozygosity of 33.5%. Identity, relatedness, and ancestry were evaluated using hierarchal clustering and model-based Bayesian admixture analyses. Errors in genetic identity were revealed in a side-by-side comparison of in vitro clonal material with the original mother plants revealing mistakes putatively occurring during decades of processing and handling. A phylogeny was constructed to evaluate inter- and intraspecific relationships which together with a STRUCTURE analysis supported both commonly used treatments of potato taxonomy. Accessions generally clustered based on taxonomic and ploidy classifications with some exceptions but did not consistently cluster by geographic origin. STRUCTURE analysis identified putative hybrids and suggested six genetic clusters in the cultivated potato collection with extensive gene flow occurring among the potato populations, implying most populations readily shared alleles and that introgression is common in potato. Solanum tuberosum subsp. andigena (ADG) and S. curtilobum (CUR) displayed significant admixture. ADG likely has extensive admixture due to its broad geographic distribution. Solanum phureja (PHU), Solanum chaucha (CHA)/Solanum stenotomum subsp. stenotomum (STN), and Solanum tuberosum subsp. tuberosum (TBR) populations had less admixture from an accession/population perspective relative to the species evaluated. A core and mini core subset from the genebank material was also constructed. SNP genotyping was also carried out on 745 accessions from the Seed Savers potato collection which confirmed no genetic duplication between the two potato collections, suggesting that the collections hold very different genetic resources of potato. The Infinium SNP Potato Array is a powerful tool that can provide diversity assessments, fingerprint genebank accessions for quality management programs, use in research and breeding, and provide insights into the complex genetic structure and hybrid origin of the diversity present in potato genetic resource collections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noelle L Anglin
- International Potato Center (CIP), Lima, Peru
- Seed Savers - Preservation Department, United States Department of Agriculture Agriculture Research Service (USDA ARS) Small Grains and Potato Germplasm Research, Aberdeen, ID, United States
| | | | | | - Rene Gomez
- International Potato Center (CIP), Lima, Peru
| | - Ana Panta
- International Potato Center (CIP), Lima, Peru
| | | | | | - Charo Meza
- International Potato Center (CIP), Lima, Peru
| | | | | | - Philip Kauth
- Seed Savers Exchange, Decorah, IA, United States
- REAP Food Group, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Joesph J Coombs
- Department of Plant Soil and Microbial Sciences, Michigan State University (MSU), East Lansing, MI, United States
| | - David S Douches
- Department of Plant Soil and Microbial Sciences, Michigan State University (MSU), East Lansing, MI, United States
| | - David Ellis
- International Potato Center (CIP), Lima, Peru
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Agre PA, Clark LV, Garcia-Oliveira AL, Bohar R, Adebola P, Asiedu R, Terauchi R, Asfaw A. Identification of diagnostic KASP-SNP markers for routine breeding activities in yam (Dioscorea spp.). THE PLANT GENOME 2024; 17:e20419. [PMID: 38093501 DOI: 10.1002/tpg2.20419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2023] [Revised: 09/16/2023] [Accepted: 11/02/2023] [Indexed: 07/02/2024]
Abstract
Maintaining genetic purity and true-to-type clone identification are important action steps in breeding programs. This study aimed to develop a universal set of kompetitive allele-specific polymerase chain reaction (KASP)-based single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers for routine breeding activities. Ultra-low-density SNP markers were created using an initial set of 173,675 SNPs that were obtained from whole-genome resequencing of 333 diverse white Guinea yam (Dioscorea rotundata Poir) genotypes. From whole-genome resequencing data, 99 putative SNP markers were found and successfully converted to high-throughput KASP genotyping assays. The markers set was validated on 374 genotypes representing six yam species. Out of the 99 markers, 50 were highly polymorphic across the species and could distinguish different yam species and pedigree origins. The selected SNP markers classified the validation population based on the different yam species and identified potential duplicates within yam species. Through penalized analysis, the male parent of progenies involved in polycrosses was successfully predicted and validated. Our research was a trailblazer in validating KASP-based SNP assays for species identification, parental fingerprinting, and quality control (QC) and quality assurance (QA) in yam breeding programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paterne A Agre
- International Institute of Tropical Agriculture (IITA), Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Lindsay V Clark
- HPCBio, Roy J. Carver Biotechnology Center, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, USA
| | - Ana Luisa Garcia-Oliveira
- Excellence in Breeding (EiB), CIMMYT-ICRAF, UN Av, Nairobi, Kenya
- Department of Molecular Biology, Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, College of Basic Sciences and Humanities, CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar, Haryana, India
| | - Rajaguru Bohar
- Excellence in Breeding (EiB), CIMMYT-ICRISAT, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Patrick Adebola
- International Institute of Tropical Agriculture (IITA), Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Robert Asiedu
- International Institute of Tropical Agriculture (IITA), Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Ryohei Terauchi
- Laboratory of Crop Evolution, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
- Iwate Biotechnology Research Center, Kitakami, Japan
| | - Asrat Asfaw
- International Institute of Tropical Agriculture (IITA), Ibadan, Nigeria
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Gimode DM, Ochieng G, Deshpande S, Manyasa EO, Kondombo CP, Mikwa EO, Avosa MO, Kunguni JS, Ngugi K, Sheunda P, Jumbo MB, Odeny DA. Validation of sorghum quality control (QC) markers across African breeding lines. THE PLANT GENOME 2024; 17:e20438. [PMID: 38409578 DOI: 10.1002/tpg2.20438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2023] [Revised: 01/20/2024] [Accepted: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 02/28/2024]
Abstract
Sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench] is a cereal crop of critical importance in the semi-arid tropics, particularly in Africa where it is second only to maize (Zea mays L.) by area of cultivation. The International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics sorghum breeding program for Eastern and Southern Africa is the largest in the region and develops improved varieties for target agro-ecologies. Varietal purity and correct confirmation of new crosses are essential for the integrity and efficiency of a breeding program. We used 49 quality control (QC) kompetitive allele-specific PCR single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers to genotype 716 breeding lines. Note that 46 SNPs were polymorphic with the top 10 most informative revealing polymorphism information content (PIC), minor allele frequency (MAF), and observed heterozygosity (Ho) of 0.37, 0.43, and 0.02, respectively, and explaining 45% of genetic variance within the first two principal components (PC). Thirty-nine markers were highly informative across 16 Burkina Faso breeding lines, out of which the top 10 revealed average PIC, MAF, and Ho of 0.36, 0.39, and 0.05, respectively. Discriminant analysis of principal components done using top 30 markers separated the breeding lines into five major clusters, three of which were distinct. Six of the top 10 most informative markers successfully confirmed hybridization of crosses between genotypes IESV240, KARIMTAMA1, F6YQ212, and FRAMIDA. A set of 10, 20, and 30 most informative markers are recommended for routine QC applications. Future effort should focus on the deployment of these markers in breeding programs for enhanced genetic gain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Davis M Gimode
- International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Grace Ochieng
- International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Santosh Deshpande
- International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-arid Tropics-Patancheru, Patancheru, Telangana, India
| | - Eric O Manyasa
- International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Clarisse P Kondombo
- Institut de l'Environnement et de Recherches Agricoles (INERA), Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso
| | - Erick O Mikwa
- International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics, Nairobi, Kenya
- Department of Plant Breeding, IFZ Research Centre for Biosystems, Land Use and Nutrition, Justus Liebig University, Giessen, Germany
| | - Millicent O Avosa
- International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics, Nairobi, Kenya
| | | | - Kahiu Ngugi
- Department of Plant Science & Crop Protection, University of Nairobi, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Patrick Sheunda
- International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics, Nairobi, Kenya
- The Kenya Seed Company Limited, Kitale Branch, Kitale, Kenya
| | - McDonald Bright Jumbo
- International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRISAT), Bamako, Mali
| | - Damaris A Odeny
- International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics, Nairobi, Kenya
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Development of a diagnostic single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) panel for identifying geographic origins of Cochliomyia hominivorax, the New World screwworm. Vet Parasitol 2023; 315:109884. [PMID: 36701943 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetpar.2023.109884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2022] [Revised: 12/21/2022] [Accepted: 01/16/2023] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
The New World screwworm, Cochliomyia hominivorax, causes myiasis in livestock, humans, and other warm-blooded animals in much of South America and the Caribbean. It has been eradicated from North and Central America using the sterile insect technique and a biological barrier is currently maintained at the Panama - Colombian border. However, C. hominivorax is still a threat to eradicated areas as outbreaks can and do occur. In order to identify the origin of a fly involved in an outbreak scenario, diagnostic tools would be beneficial. Recently, the geographic population structure of this species was identified using single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). Here we characterize the three major regional clusters: South America, the Inner Caribbean, and the Outer Caribbean. The objective of this study was to develop a SNP (single nucleotide polymorphism) panel to distinguish between these three clusters. A panel was developed using two unique SNPs per region for a total of six SNPs. This diagnostic SNP assay will allow for rapid source determination of flies from future incursions in order to intercept introductory pathways and aid in the control of New World screwworm.
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Yan M, Nie H, Wang Y, Wang X, Jarret R, Zhao J, Wang H, Yang J. Exploring and exploiting genetics and genomics for sweetpotato improvement: Status and perspectives. PLANT COMMUNICATIONS 2022; 3:100332. [PMID: 35643086 PMCID: PMC9482988 DOI: 10.1016/j.xplc.2022.100332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2021] [Revised: 04/17/2022] [Accepted: 05/02/2022] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Sweetpotato (Ipomoea batatas (L.) Lam.) is one of the most important root crops cultivated worldwide. Because of its adaptability, high yield potential, and nutritional value, sweetpotato has become an important food crop, particularly in developing countries. To ensure adequate crop yields to meet increasing demand, it is essential to enhance the tolerance of sweetpotato to environmental stresses and other yield-limiting factors. The highly heterozygous hexaploid genome of I. batatas complicates genetic studies and limits improvement of sweetpotato through traditional breeding. However, application of next-generation sequencing and high-throughput genotyping and phenotyping technologies to sweetpotato genetics and genomics research has provided new tools and resources for crop improvement. In this review, we discuss the genomics resources that are available for sweetpotato, including the current reference genome, databases, and available bioinformatics tools. We systematically review the current state of knowledge on the polyploid genetics of sweetpotato, including studies of its origin and germplasm diversity and the associated mapping of important agricultural traits. We then outline the conventional and molecular breeding approaches that have been applied to sweetpotato. Finally, we discuss future goals for genetic studies of sweetpotato and crop improvement via breeding in combination with state-of-the-art multi-omics approaches such as genomic selection and gene editing. These approaches will advance and accelerate genetic improvement of this important root crop and facilitate its sustainable global production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengxiao Yan
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics and Resources, Shanghai Chenshan Botanical Garden, Shanghai 201602, China
| | - Haozhen Nie
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics and Resources, Shanghai Chenshan Botanical Garden, Shanghai 201602, China
| | - Yunze Wang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics and Resources, Shanghai Chenshan Botanical Garden, Shanghai 201602, China; College of Life Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai 200234, China
| | - Xinyi Wang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics and Resources, Shanghai Chenshan Botanical Garden, Shanghai 201602, China; College of Life Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai 200234, China
| | | | - Jiamin Zhao
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics and Resources, Shanghai Chenshan Botanical Garden, Shanghai 201602, China; College of Life Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai 200234, China
| | - Hongxia Wang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics and Resources, Shanghai Chenshan Botanical Garden, Shanghai 201602, China; National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China.
| | - Jun Yang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics and Resources, Shanghai Chenshan Botanical Garden, Shanghai 201602, China; National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China.
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Jo KR, Cho S, Cho JH, Park HJ, Choi JG, Park YE, Cho KS. Analysis of genetic diversity and population structure among cultivated potato clones from Korea and global breeding programs. Sci Rep 2022; 12:10462. [PMID: 35729234 PMCID: PMC9213424 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-12874-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2021] [Accepted: 04/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Characterizing the genetic diversity and population structure of breeding materials is essential for breeding to improve crop plants. The potato is an important non-cereal food crop worldwide, but breeding potatoes remains challenging owing to their auto-tetraploidy and highly heterozygous genome. We evaluated the genetic structure of a 110-line Korean potato germplasm using the SolCAP 8303 single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) Infinium array and compared it with potato clones from other countries to understand the genetic landscape of cultivated potatoes. Following the tetraploid model, we conducted population structure analysis, revealing three subpopulations represented by two Korean potato groups and one separate foreign potato group within 110 lines. When analyzing 393 global potato clones, country/region-specific genetic patterns were revealed. The Korean potato clones exhibited higher heterozygosity than those from Japan, the United States, and other potato landraces. We also employed integrated extended haplotype homozygosity (iHS) and cross-population extended haplotype homozygosity (XP-EHH) to identify selection signatures spanning candidate genes associated with biotic and abiotic stress tolerance. Based on the informativeness of SNPs for dosage genotyping calls, 10 highly informative SNPs discriminating all 393 potatoes were identified. Our results could help understanding a potato breeding history that reflects regional adaptations and distinct market demands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kwang Ryong Jo
- Highland Agriculture Research Institute, National Institute of Crop Science, Rural Development Administration, Pyeongchang, 25342, Republic of Korea
| | - Seungho Cho
- Department of Central Area Crop Science, National Institute of Crop Science, Rural Development Administration, Suwon, 16429, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji-Hong Cho
- Highland Agriculture Research Institute, National Institute of Crop Science, Rural Development Administration, Pyeongchang, 25342, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun-Jin Park
- Highland Agriculture Research Institute, National Institute of Crop Science, Rural Development Administration, Pyeongchang, 25342, Republic of Korea
| | - Jang-Gyu Choi
- Highland Agriculture Research Institute, National Institute of Crop Science, Rural Development Administration, Pyeongchang, 25342, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Eun Park
- Highland Agriculture Research Institute, National Institute of Crop Science, Rural Development Administration, Pyeongchang, 25342, Republic of Korea
| | - Kwang-Soo Cho
- Department of Southern Area Crop Science, National Institute of Crop Science, Rural Development Administration, Miryang, 50424, Republic of Korea.
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Salgotra RK, Stewart CN. Functional Markers for Precision Plant Breeding. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E4792. [PMID: 32640763 PMCID: PMC7370099 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21134792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2020] [Revised: 06/19/2020] [Accepted: 07/02/2020] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Advances in molecular biology including genomics, high-throughput sequencing, and genome editing enable increasingly faster and more precise cultivar development. Identifying genes and functional markers (FMs) that are highly associated with plant phenotypic variation is a grand challenge. Functional genomics approaches such as transcriptomics, targeting induced local lesions in genomes (TILLING), homologous recombinant (HR), association mapping, and allele mining are all strategies to identify FMs for breeding goals, such as agronomic traits and biotic and abiotic stress resistance. The advantage of FMs over other markers used in plant breeding is the close genomic association of an FM with a phenotype. Thereby, FMs may facilitate the direct selection of genes associated with phenotypic traits, which serves to increase selection efficiencies to develop varieties. Herein, we review the latest methods in FM development and how FMs are being used in precision breeding for agronomic and quality traits as well as in breeding for biotic and abiotic stress resistance using marker assisted selection (MAS) methods. In summary, this article describes the use of FMs in breeding for development of elite crop cultivars to enhance global food security goals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Romesh K. Salgotra
- School of Biotechnology, Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences & Technology of Jammu, Chatha, Jammu 190008, India
| | - C. Neal Stewart
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996, USA
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Correction: Development of diagnostic SNP markers for quality assurance and control in sweetpotato [Ipomoea batatas (L.) Lam.] breeding programs. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0233828. [PMID: 32437433 PMCID: PMC7241759 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0233828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
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