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Bello A, Agbona A, Olaosebikan O, Edughaen G, Dufour D, Bouniol A, Iluebbey P, Ndjouenkeu R, Rabbi I, Teeken B. Genetic and environmental effects on processing productivity and food product yield: drudgery of women's work. J Sci Food Agric 2024; 104:4758-4769. [PMID: 37897065 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.13079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2023] [Revised: 09/15/2023] [Accepted: 10/28/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cassava processing is a crucial source of livelihood for rural farmers and processors in Nigeria and Cameroon. This study investigated the varietal effect on the processing productivity of women farmer processors within their working environment and compared this with the food product quality as evaluated by the processors and the field yield. Field trials were established in Nigeria (Benue and Osun state) and Cameroon (Littoral region). Eight cassava genotypes were evaluated. These eight varieties included newly bred genotypes, commercial checks and varieties provided and preferred by the processors. The roots of these genotypes were harvested and processed into gari and eba by processors. The time of each processing step was recorded. Processors assessed the quality of the roots and food products using pairwise ranking. RESULTS In the field trials in Cameroon and Nigeria (Benue state), the newly bred genotypes showed superior performance in terms of dry matter content and fresh and dry yield. During processing, genotypes showed significant variation for most assessed parameters in both countries. Some newly bred varieties exhibited lower productivity that can make them more prone to drudgery than the local commercial checks and the varieties provided and preferred by the processors. Newly bred varieties were mostly ranked higher or equal to processors' preferred varieties concerning fresh root and food product quality. In the Cameroon location there were significant varietal differences in processing productivity and drudgery index which suggest that the particular processing methods there - such as pressing methods and fermentation time - cause these varietal differences to matter more. CONCLUSIONS The varieties that were tested were observed to differ in yield, product quality, processing productivity, and potential drudgery levels. Some breeders' germplasms displayed a combination of increased yields and good product quality and good processor productivity. Those varieties that showed low processor productivity should be avoided during selection to avoid increased labour burden and associated drudgery of women processors. Further research is recommended to enhance food product color, latent culinary qualities, and processing productivity of newly bred varieties to improve acceptability and reduce processing drudgery for women. © 2023 The Authors. Journal of The Science of Food and Agriculture published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abolore Bello
- International Institute of Tropical Agriculture (IITA), Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Afolabi Agbona
- International Institute of Tropical Agriculture (IITA), Ibadan, Nigeria
- Texas A & M University, College Station, USA
| | | | - Gospel Edughaen
- International Institute of Tropical Agriculture (IITA), Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Dominique Dufour
- CIRAD, UMR Qualisud, Montpellier, France
- QualiSud, Univ Montpellier, Avignon Université, CIRAD, Institut Agro, IRD, Université de La Réunion, Montpellier, France
| | - Alexandre Bouniol
- CIRAD, UMR Qualisud, Cotonou, Benin
- Laboratoire de Sciences des Aliments, Faculté des Sciences Agronomiques, Université d'Abomey-Calavi, Abomey-Calavi, Benin
| | - Peter Iluebbey
- International Institute of Tropical Agriculture (IITA), Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Robert Ndjouenkeu
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, ENSAI, University of Ngaoundere, Ngaoundere, Cameroon
| | - Ismail Rabbi
- International Institute of Tropical Agriculture (IITA), Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Béla Teeken
- International Institute of Tropical Agriculture (IITA), Ibadan, Nigeria
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Hyde PT, Esan O, Diebiru-Ojo EM, Iluebbey P, Kulakow PA, Peteti P, Setter TL. Development of Methods for Improving Flowering and Seed Set of Diverse Germplasm in Cassava Breeding. Plants (Basel) 2024; 13:382. [PMID: 38337915 PMCID: PMC10857246 DOI: 10.3390/plants13030382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2023] [Revised: 01/24/2024] [Accepted: 01/26/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024]
Abstract
Cassava breeding faces obstacles due to late flowering and poor flower and seed set. The acceleration of breeding processes and the reduction in each cycle's duration hinge upon efficiently conducting crosses to yield ample progeny for subsequent cycles. Our primary objective was to identify methods that provide tools for cassava breeding programs, enabling them to consistently and rapidly generate offspring from a wide array of genotypes. In greenhouse trials, we examined the effects of the anti-ethylene silver thiosulfate (STS) and the cytokinin benzyladenine (BA). STS, administered via petiole infusion, and BA, applied as an apical spray, combined with the pruning of young branches, significantly augmented the number of flowers. Controls produced no flowers, whereas treatments with pruning plus either BA or STS alone produced an average maximum of 86 flowers per plant, and the combination of pruning, BA and STS yielded 168 flowers per plant. While STS had its primary effect on flower numbers, BA increased the fraction of female flowers from less than 20% to ≥87%, thus increasing the number of progeny from desired parents. Through field studies, we devised an optimal protocol that maintained acceptable levels of phytodamage ratings while substantially increasing seed production per plant compared to untreated plants. This protocol involves adjusting the dosage and timing of treatments to accommodate genotypic variations. As a result, cassava breeding programs can effectively leverage a diverse range of germplasm to develop cultivars with the desired traits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter T. Hyde
- Section of Soil and Crop Sciences, School of Integrative Plant Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - Olayemisi Esan
- Cassava Breeding Unit, International Institute of Tropical Agriculture, Ibadan 200001, Nigeria
| | | | - Peter Iluebbey
- Cassava Breeding Unit, International Institute of Tropical Agriculture, Ibadan 200001, Nigeria
| | - Peter A. Kulakow
- Cassava Breeding Unit, International Institute of Tropical Agriculture, Ibadan 200001, Nigeria
| | - Prasad Peteti
- Cassava Breeding Unit, International Institute of Tropical Agriculture, Ibadan 200001, Nigeria
| | - Tim L. Setter
- Section of Soil and Crop Sciences, School of Integrative Plant Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
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Karim KY, Ifie B, Dzidzienyo D, Danquah EY, Blay ET, Whyte JBA, Kulakow P, Rabbi I, Parkes E, Omoigui L, Norman PE, Iluebbey P. Genetic characterization of cassava ( Manihot esculenta Crantz) genotypes using agro-morphological and single nucleotide polymorphism markers. Physiol Mol Biol Plants 2020; 26:317-330. [PMID: 32158137 PMCID: PMC7036393 DOI: 10.1007/s12298-019-00740-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2019] [Revised: 11/15/2019] [Accepted: 11/24/2019] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Dearth of information on extent of genetic variability in cassava limits the genetic improvement of cassava genotypes in Sierra Leone. The aim of this study was to assess the genetic diversity and relationships within 102 cassava genotypes using agro-morphological and single nucleotide polymorphism markers. Morphological classification based on qualitative traits categorized the germplasm into five different groups, whereas the quantitative trait set had four groups. The SNP markers classified the germplasm into three main cluster groups. A total of seven principal components (PCs) in the qualitative and four PCs in the quantitative trait sets accounted for 79.03% and 72.30% of the total genetic variation, respectively. Significant and positive correlations were observed between average yield per plant and harvest index (r = 0.76***), number of storage roots per plant and harvest index (r = 0.33*), height at first branching and harvest index (0.26*), number of storage roots per plant and average yield per plant (r = 0.58*), height at first branching and average yield per plant (r = 0.24*), length of leaf lobe and petiole length (r = 0.38*), number of leaf lobe and petiole length (r = 0.31*), width of leaf lobe and length of leaf lobe (r = 0.36*), number of leaf lobe and length of leaf lobe (r = 0.43*), starch content and dry matter content (r = 0.99***), number of leaf lobe and root dry matter (r = 0.30*), number of leaf lobe and starch content (r = 0.28*), and height at first branching and plant height (r = 0.45**). Findings are useful for conservation, management, short term recommendation for release and genetic improvement of the crop.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kumba Y. Karim
- Sierra Leone Agricultural Research Institute, Tower Hill, Freetown, PMB 1313 Sierra Leone
- West Africa Centre for Crop Improvement, College of Basic and Applied Sciences, University of Ghana, P.O. Box LG 30, Legon, Accra, Greater Accra Ghana
| | - Beatrice Ifie
- West Africa Centre for Crop Improvement, College of Basic and Applied Sciences, University of Ghana, P.O. Box LG 30, Legon, Accra, Greater Accra Ghana
| | - Daniel Dzidzienyo
- West Africa Centre for Crop Improvement, College of Basic and Applied Sciences, University of Ghana, P.O. Box LG 30, Legon, Accra, Greater Accra Ghana
| | - Eric Y. Danquah
- West Africa Centre for Crop Improvement, College of Basic and Applied Sciences, University of Ghana, P.O. Box LG 30, Legon, Accra, Greater Accra Ghana
| | - Essie T. Blay
- West Africa Centre for Crop Improvement, College of Basic and Applied Sciences, University of Ghana, P.O. Box LG 30, Legon, Accra, Greater Accra Ghana
| | - Jim B. A. Whyte
- International Institute of Tropical Agriculture, Ibadan, PMB 5320 Nigeria
| | - Peter Kulakow
- International Institute of Tropical Agriculture, Ibadan, PMB 5320 Nigeria
| | - Ismail Rabbi
- International Institute of Tropical Agriculture, Ibadan, PMB 5320 Nigeria
| | - Elizabeth Parkes
- International Institute of Tropical Agriculture, Ibadan, PMB 5320 Nigeria
| | - Lucky Omoigui
- International Institute of Tropical Agriculture, Ibadan, PMB 5320 Nigeria
| | - Prince E. Norman
- Sierra Leone Agricultural Research Institute, Tower Hill, Freetown, PMB 1313 Sierra Leone
- West Africa Centre for Crop Improvement, College of Basic and Applied Sciences, University of Ghana, P.O. Box LG 30, Legon, Accra, Greater Accra Ghana
| | - Peter Iluebbey
- International Institute of Tropical Agriculture, Ibadan, PMB 5320 Nigeria
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Olaosebikan O, Abdulrazaq B, Owoade D, Ogunade A, Aina O, Ilona P, Muheebwa A, Teeken B, Iluebbey P, Kulakow P, Bakare M, Parkes E. Gender-based constraints affecting biofortified cassava production, processing and marketing among men and women adopters in Oyo and Benue States, Nigeria. Physiol Mol Plant Pathol 2019; 105:17-27. [PMID: 31007372 PMCID: PMC6472612 DOI: 10.1016/j.pmpp.2018.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2018] [Revised: 10/29/2018] [Accepted: 11/25/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
This study identified gender-based constraints affecting the production, processing and marketing of biofortified cassava in two states in Nigeria, using a mixed methods approach. The study identified major differences between the two study sites (Benue and Oyo). The scale of production of biofortified cassava is higher in Oyo state among adult men because of their active involvement and collaboration with research institutes within the state and the ease of transporting products to Lagos State for designated diverse markets. However, in Benue state more adult and young women are engaged in cultivation, processing and marketing business to meet up with the increased demand due to higher consumer acceptance in this region. Gender analysis revealed that lack of access to hired-labour restricted the scale of production among women in especially Oyo state. Low product price and high price of processing equipment, poor market infrastructure and middle men exploitation were constraints significantly more mentioned by women in general. Majorly, the men identified limited processing facilities/equipment as the most important constraint affecting the demand of biofortified cassava roots, while generally women were more constrained by the shortage of basic amenities and trainings that hindered their processing efficiency. The study proposes integration of gender-responsive strategies to further enhance the delivery of biofortified cassava products in Nigeria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olamide Olaosebikan
- International Institute of Tropical Agriculture (IITA), Ibadan, Nigeria
- Gender-Responsive Researchers Equipped for Agricultural Transformation (GREAT) RTB Fellows, Nigeria
| | - Bello Abdulrazaq
- International Institute of Tropical Agriculture (IITA), Ibadan, Nigeria
- Gender-Responsive Researchers Equipped for Agricultural Transformation (GREAT) RTB Fellows, Nigeria
| | - Durodola Owoade
- International Institute of Tropical Agriculture (IITA), Ibadan, Nigeria
- Gender-Responsive Researchers Equipped for Agricultural Transformation (GREAT) RTB Fellows, Nigeria
| | - Adedayo Ogunade
- International Institute of Tropical Agriculture (IITA), Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Olufemi Aina
- International Institute of Tropical Agriculture (IITA), Ibadan, Nigeria
| | | | | | - Béla Teeken
- International Institute of Tropical Agriculture (IITA), Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Peter Iluebbey
- International Institute of Tropical Agriculture (IITA), Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Peter Kulakow
- International Institute of Tropical Agriculture (IITA), Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Moshood Bakare
- International Institute of Tropical Agriculture (IITA), Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Elizabeth Parkes
- International Institute of Tropical Agriculture (IITA), Ibadan, Nigeria
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