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Yamamoto T, Madhusoodhanan R, Al-Said T, Ahmed A, Fernandes L, Nithyanandan M, Thuslim F, Alghunaim A, Al-Zekri W, Naqvi SWA, Al-Yamani F. Dynamic hydrographic and water-quality variations in the northwestern Arabian Gulf, a sinking zone of reverse estuarine circulation. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2022; 179:113714. [PMID: 35576677 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2022.113714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2022] [Revised: 04/25/2022] [Accepted: 04/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Continuous measurements of hydrographic, hydrodynamic, and water quality showed marked diurnal, tidal, and seasonal variabilities in Kuwait Bay, a stressed coastal system in the northwestern Arabian/Persian Gulf. Advection of water masses and seasonality in vertical mixing regulated the Bay's hydrographic and water quality properties. Intensive stratification in summer had substantial implications on the Bay environment. Kuwait Bay constantly exports dense bottom water laden with dissolved inorganic nutrients and organic matter to the central basin of the Gulf. The export was largest in August under strong water column stratification. These in-situ findings agreed well with earlier studies that corroborated Kuwait Bay as an important area where the phenomenon of reverse estuarine circulation originates in the Gulf. Thus, Kuwait Bay is a significant source of nutrients and organic matter to the Gulf Deep Water that flows into the core of the oxygen minimum zone in the northwestern Indian Ocean.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takahiro Yamamoto
- Ecosystem based Management of Marine Resources, Environmental and Life Sciences Research Center, Kuwait Institute for Scientific Research, Salmiya, Kuwait.
| | - Rakhesh Madhusoodhanan
- Ecosystem based Management of Marine Resources, Environmental and Life Sciences Research Center, Kuwait Institute for Scientific Research, Salmiya, Kuwait
| | - Turki Al-Said
- Ecosystem based Management of Marine Resources, Environmental and Life Sciences Research Center, Kuwait Institute for Scientific Research, Salmiya, Kuwait
| | - Ayaz Ahmed
- Ecosystem based Management of Marine Resources, Environmental and Life Sciences Research Center, Kuwait Institute for Scientific Research, Salmiya, Kuwait
| | - Loreta Fernandes
- Ecosystem based Management of Marine Resources, Environmental and Life Sciences Research Center, Kuwait Institute for Scientific Research, Salmiya, Kuwait
| | - Manickam Nithyanandan
- Ecosystem based Management of Marine Resources, Environmental and Life Sciences Research Center, Kuwait Institute for Scientific Research, Salmiya, Kuwait
| | - Fathima Thuslim
- Ecosystem based Management of Marine Resources, Environmental and Life Sciences Research Center, Kuwait Institute for Scientific Research, Salmiya, Kuwait
| | - Aws Alghunaim
- Ecosystem based Management of Marine Resources, Environmental and Life Sciences Research Center, Kuwait Institute for Scientific Research, Salmiya, Kuwait
| | - Waleed Al-Zekri
- Ecosystem based Management of Marine Resources, Environmental and Life Sciences Research Center, Kuwait Institute for Scientific Research, Salmiya, Kuwait
| | - S Wajih A Naqvi
- Ecosystem based Management of Marine Resources, Environmental and Life Sciences Research Center, Kuwait Institute for Scientific Research, Salmiya, Kuwait
| | - Faiza Al-Yamani
- Ecosystem based Management of Marine Resources, Environmental and Life Sciences Research Center, Kuwait Institute for Scientific Research, Salmiya, Kuwait
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Saleh A, Abtahi B, Mirzaei N, Chen CTA, Ershadifar H, Ghaemi M, Hamzehpour A, Abedi E. Hypoxia in the Persian Gulf and the Strait of Hormuz. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2021; 167:112354. [PMID: 33866201 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2021.112354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2020] [Revised: 04/03/2021] [Accepted: 04/06/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
In this article dissolved oxygen results of research cruises through the Persian Gulf during 2018-2019 are discussed. The results showed that summer to autumn hypoxia occurred mainly at depths ≥ 50 m to the bottom. This seasonal hypoxia started in late summer reaching its greatest severity in mid-autumn with an area of 50,000 km2 in the Persian Gulf. The minimum oxygen measured at the near-bottom layer of the western basin in autumn (25.8 μmol/kg) was lower than any previous measurement in the open waters of the Persian Gulf. In the Strait of Hormuz, the seasonal hypoxia appeared in summer in the near bottom of the most eastern part at the Iranian side. pHT values recorded in hypoxic waters were as low as what is predicted for surface ocean under ocean acidification in 2100. Considering the results, we suggest evaluating the effects of hypoxia and acidification on the Persian Gulf ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abolfazl Saleh
- Iranian National Institute for Oceanography and Atmospheric Science, No. 3, Etemadzadeh St., Fatemi Ave., Tehran 1411813389, Iran.
| | - Behrooz Abtahi
- Faculty of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Nikoo Mirzaei
- Faculty of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Chen-Tung Arthur Chen
- Department of Oceanography, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung 80424, Taiwan, ROC.
| | - Hamid Ershadifar
- Iranian National Institute for Oceanography and Atmospheric Science, No. 3, Etemadzadeh St., Fatemi Ave., Tehran 1411813389, Iran
| | - Maryam Ghaemi
- Iranian National Institute for Oceanography and Atmospheric Science, No. 3, Etemadzadeh St., Fatemi Ave., Tehran 1411813389, Iran
| | - Ali Hamzehpour
- Iranian National Institute for Oceanography and Atmospheric Science, No. 3, Etemadzadeh St., Fatemi Ave., Tehran 1411813389, Iran
| | - Ehsan Abedi
- Iranian National Institute for Oceanography and Atmospheric Science, No. 3, Etemadzadeh St., Fatemi Ave., Tehran 1411813389, Iran
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Naderi Beni A, Marriner N, Sharifi A, Azizpour J, Kabiri K, Djamali M, Kirman A. Climate change: A driver of future conflicts in the Persian Gulf Region? Heliyon 2021; 7:e06288. [PMID: 33681498 PMCID: PMC7910506 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2021.e06288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2020] [Revised: 11/08/2020] [Accepted: 02/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Ongoing global change and its direct environmental impacts, in addition to securing economic transition to the post-oil era, could trigger complex socio-economic and political crises in oil-dependent economies of the Persian Gulf Region (PGR). To evaluate the role of climate change and related policies in degrading the environment and its socio-economic impacts in the PGR, we have used a variety of available global datasets and published data. The results show that the countries of the PGR pursue some types of socio-economic reforms to alleviate the impacts of climate change. However, it seems that these attempts are not compatible with the environment's capacity. The main problem stems from the fact that political differences between the PGR nations prevent them from managing the Persian Gulf environment as an integrated natural system and consequently they have to limit their efforts within their borders, regardless of what happens in other parts of the system. The shift to alternative revenue sources by the countries needs socioeconomic preparedness while there are environmental obstacles, political tensions and geopolitical rivalries. Unless there is a cooperative approach to mitigate the effects of climate change, accompanied by a reorientation of PGR economies, the situation is likely to worsen rather than improve. To address the challenges of climate change, integrated regional collaborations are needed. Collective action, such as more investment in regional research and development and education, is required if the PGR is to successfully transition from a commodity-based to a knowledge-based economy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdolmajid Naderi Beni
- Iranian National Institute for Oceanography and Atmospheric Science (INIOAS), No. 3, Etmadzadeh Street, West Fatemi Avenue, Tehran, Iran
| | - Nick Marriner
- CNRS, ThéMA UMR 6049, Université de Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 32 Rue Mégevand, Besançon Cedex, 25030, France
| | - Arash Sharifi
- BETA Analytic-Isobar Science, Research and Development Department, Miami, USA
| | - Jafar Azizpour
- Iranian National Institute for Oceanography and Atmospheric Science (INIOAS), No. 3, Etmadzadeh Street, West Fatemi Avenue, Tehran, Iran
| | - Keivan Kabiri
- Iranian National Institute for Oceanography and Atmospheric Science (INIOAS), No. 3, Etmadzadeh Street, West Fatemi Avenue, Tehran, Iran
| | - Morteza Djamali
- Institut Méditerranéen de Biodiversité et d'Écologie Marine et Continentale (IMBE), IMBE - UMR Aix Marseille Université, CNRS, IRD, Avignon Université, France
| | - Alan Kirman
- CAMS, Ecole des Hautes Etudes en Sciences Sociales, France
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