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Sanei-Dehkordi A, Tagizadeh AM, Bahadori MB, Nikkhah E, Pirmohammadi M, Rahimi S, Nazemiyeh H. Larvicidal potential of Trachyspermum ammi essential oil and Delphinium speciosum extract against malaria, dengue, and filariasis mosquito vectors. Sci Rep 2024; 14:20677. [PMID: 39237741 PMCID: PMC11377549 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-71829-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2024] [Accepted: 08/30/2024] [Indexed: 09/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Mosquito-borne diseases, such as malaria, dengue, and Zika, pose major public health challenges globally, affecting millions of people. The growing resistance of mosquito populations to synthetic insecticides underscores the critical need for effective and environmentally friendly larvicides. Although chemical pesticides can initially be effective, they often lead to negative environmental consequences and health hazards for non-target species, including humans. This study aimed to evaluate the larvicidal effects of Trachyspermum ammi essential oil and Delphinium speciosum extract on the larvae of three major mosquito species: Aedes aegypti, Anopheles stephensi, and Culex quinquefasciatus. Mosquito larvae of Ae. aegypti, An. stephensi, and Cx. quinquefasciatus were reared under controlled laboratory conditions. The larvicidal activity of T. ammi essential oil and D. speciosum extract was evaluated through standard bioassays, using various concentrations of essential oils (10, 20, 40, 80, and 160 ppm) and extracts (160, 320, 640, 1280, and 2560 ppm) to determine the lethal concentration (LC50) values after 24 h of exposure. Fresh plant materials were collected, with the essential oil extracted via hydro-distillation, and the extract prepared using methanol solvent extraction. The chemical composition of T. ammi essential oil was examined using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Additionally, the preliminary analysis of the chemical compounds in D. speciosum extract was carried out using thin layer chromatography (TLC) and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (NMR) techniques. The results indicated that the essential oil of T. ammi exhibited more effective larvicidal activity compared to the D. speciosum extract. Specifically, the essential oil demonstrated LC50 values of 18 ppm for Cx. quinquefasciatus and 19 ppm for Ae. aegypti. In contrast, the D. speciosum extract showed the strongest larvicidal effect against An. stephensi, with an LC50 of 517 ppm. Concentrations of 40 ppm of the essential oil and 1280 ppm of the extract resulted in 100% mortality across all three species. Both the essential oil of T. ammi and the D. speciosum extract exhibited concentration-dependent larvicidal activity, and these results were statistically significant (p < 0.001) compared to the no-treatment group. GC-MS analysis revealed thymol (88.95%), o-cymen-5-ol (4.11%), and γ-terpinene (2.10%) as the major constituents of the T. ammi essential oil. Additionally, TLC verified the presence of alkaloids in both chloroform and methanolic extracts. Proton NMR identified a diterpene structure for these alkaloids. These findings suggest that T. ammi essential oil is a promising candidate for natural mosquito control strategies. Given its efficacy, further research is warranted to explore its potential in integrated vector management programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alireza Sanei-Dehkordi
- Infectious and Tropical Diseases Research Center, Hormozgan Health Institute, Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences, Bandar Abbas, Iran
| | - Amir Masoud Tagizadeh
- Student Research Committee, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Mir Babak Bahadori
- Medicinal Plants Research Center, Maragheh University of Medical Sciences, Maragheh, Iran
| | - Elhameh Nikkhah
- Medicinal Plants Research Center, Maragheh University of Medical Sciences, Maragheh, Iran
| | - Masoumeh Pirmohammadi
- Department of Vector Biology and Control of Diseases, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sara Rahimi
- Medicinal Plants Research Center, Maragheh University of Medical Sciences, Maragheh, Iran.
| | - Hossein Nazemiyeh
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
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Feitosa BDS, Ferreira OO, Mali SN, Anand A, Cruz JN, Franco CDJP, Mahawer SK, Kumar R, Cascaes MM, de Oliveira MS, Andrade EHDA. Chemical Composition, Preliminary Toxicity, and Antioxidant Potential of Piper marginatum Sensu Lato Essential Oils and Molecular Modeling Study. Molecules 2023; 28:5814. [PMID: 37570784 PMCID: PMC10421147 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28155814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2023] [Revised: 07/21/2023] [Accepted: 07/28/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
The essential oils (OEs) of the leaves, stems, and spikes of P. marginatum were obtained by hydrodistillation, steam distillation, and simultaneous extraction. The chemical constituents were identified and quantified by GC/MS and GC-FID. The preliminary biological activity was determined by assessing the toxicity of the samples to Artemia salina Leach larvae and calculating the mortality rate and lethal concentration (LC50). The antioxidant activity of the EOs was determined by the DPPH radical scavenging method. Molecular modeling was performed using molecular docking and molecular dynamics, with acetylcholinesterase being the molecular target. The OES yields ranged from 1.49% to 1.83%. The EOs and aromatic constituents of P. marginatum are characterized by the high contents of (E)-isoosmorhizole (19.4-32.9%), 2-methoxy-4,5-methylenedioxypropiophenone (9.0-19.9%), isoosmorhizole (1.6-24.5%), and 2-methoxy-4,5-methylenedioxypropiophenone isomer (1.6-14.3%). The antioxidant potential was significant in the OE of the leaves and stems of P. marginatum extracted by SD in November (84.9 ± 4.0 mg TE·mL-1) and the OEs of the leaves extracted by HD in March (126.8 ± 12.3 mg TE·mL-1). Regarding the preliminary toxicity, the OEs of Pm-SD-L-St-Nov and Pm-HD-L-St-Nov had mortality higher than 80% in concentrations of 25 µg·mL-1. This in silico study on essential oils elucidated the potential mechanism of interaction of the main compounds, which may serve as a basis for advances in this line of research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruna de Souza Feitosa
- School of Chemistry, Universidade Federal do Pará, Rua Augusto Corrêa S/N, Guamá, Belém 66075-900, PA, Brazil (E.H.d.A.A.)
| | - Oberdan Oliveira Ferreira
- Graduate Program in Biodiversity and Biotechnology—Rede Bionorte, Universidade Federal do Pará, Rua Augusto Corrêa S/N, Guamá, Belém 66075-900, PA, Brazil;
| | - Suraj N. Mali
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technology, Birla Institute of Technology, Ranchi 835215, India
| | - Amit Anand
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technology, Birla Institute of Technology, Ranchi 835215, India
| | - Jorddy Nevez Cruz
- School of Chemistry, Universidade Federal do Pará, Rua Augusto Corrêa S/N, Guamá, Belém 66075-900, PA, Brazil (E.H.d.A.A.)
| | | | - Sonu Kumar Mahawer
- Department of Chemistry, College of Basic Sciences and Humanities, Govind Ballabh Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar 263145, India
| | - Ravendra Kumar
- Department of Chemistry, College of Basic Sciences and Humanities, Govind Ballabh Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar 263145, India
| | - Marcia Moraes Cascaes
- Graduate Program in Chemistry, Universidade Federal do Pará, Rua Augusto Corrêa S/N, Guamá, Belém 66075-900, PA, Brazil;
| | - Mozaniel Santana de Oliveira
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas—Botânica Tropical, Universidade Federal Rural da Amazônia, Museu Paraense Emílio Goeldi, Av. Perimetral, 1901, Terra Firme, Belém 66077-830, PA, Brazil
- Adolpho Ducke Laboratory—Coordination of Botany, Museu Paraense Emílio Goeldi, Av. Perimetral, 1901, Terra Firme, Belém 66077-830, PA, Brazil
| | - Eloisa Helena de Aguiar Andrade
- School of Chemistry, Universidade Federal do Pará, Rua Augusto Corrêa S/N, Guamá, Belém 66075-900, PA, Brazil (E.H.d.A.A.)
- Graduate Program in Biodiversity and Biotechnology—Rede Bionorte, Universidade Federal do Pará, Rua Augusto Corrêa S/N, Guamá, Belém 66075-900, PA, Brazil;
- Graduate Program in Chemistry, Universidade Federal do Pará, Rua Augusto Corrêa S/N, Guamá, Belém 66075-900, PA, Brazil;
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas—Botânica Tropical, Universidade Federal Rural da Amazônia, Museu Paraense Emílio Goeldi, Av. Perimetral, 1901, Terra Firme, Belém 66077-830, PA, Brazil
- Adolpho Ducke Laboratory—Coordination of Botany, Museu Paraense Emílio Goeldi, Av. Perimetral, 1901, Terra Firme, Belém 66077-830, PA, Brazil
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Kakouri E, Daferera D, Kanakis C, Revelou PK, Kaparakou EH, Dervisoglou S, Perdikis D, Tarantilis PA. Origanum majorana Essential Oil-A Review of Its Chemical Profile and Pesticide Activity. Life (Basel) 2022; 12:1982. [PMID: 36556347 PMCID: PMC9785525 DOI: 10.3390/life12121982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2022] [Revised: 11/22/2022] [Accepted: 11/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Origanum majorana is a medicinal and aromatic plant that belongs to the Lamiaceae family. It is cultivated in several parts of the world and, due to its splendid aroma and taste, is widely used for culinary purposes and in perfumes. The essential oil of the plant, to which is attributed its aroma, contains many secondary metabolites with valuable biological activity. One of them is the pesticide activity, which has attracted much interest. Given the necessity of replacing synthetic pesticides, essential oils are studied in an attempt to find naturally derived products. Thus, the aim of this review paper is to discuss the chemical profile of O. majorana essential oil and to present data regarding its insecticidal, repellent and fumigant activity. Data were collected from 1992 to 2022. Databases, including PubMed, Google Scholar, ScienceDirect and Scopus, were used for the research, and keywords, including O. majorana, sweet marjoram, essential oil, volatiles, pesticide, insecticide and repellent activity, were used. The results of this review paper indicate that O. majorana essential oil can be an alternative agent to manage pests. However, still, much research should be conducted to evaluate its toxicity against beneficial insects and to ensure its safety for human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleni Kakouri
- Laboratory of Chemistry, Department of Food Science & Human Nutrition, School of Food and Nutritional Sciences, Agricultural University of Athens, Iera Odos 75, 11855 Athens, Greece
| | - Dimitra Daferera
- Laboratory of Chemistry, Department of Food Science & Human Nutrition, School of Food and Nutritional Sciences, Agricultural University of Athens, Iera Odos 75, 11855 Athens, Greece
| | - Charalabos Kanakis
- Laboratory of Chemistry, Department of Food Science & Human Nutrition, School of Food and Nutritional Sciences, Agricultural University of Athens, Iera Odos 75, 11855 Athens, Greece
| | - Panagiota-Kyriaki Revelou
- Laboratory of Chemistry, Department of Food Science & Human Nutrition, School of Food and Nutritional Sciences, Agricultural University of Athens, Iera Odos 75, 11855 Athens, Greece
| | - Eleftheria H. Kaparakou
- Laboratory of Chemistry, Department of Food Science & Human Nutrition, School of Food and Nutritional Sciences, Agricultural University of Athens, Iera Odos 75, 11855 Athens, Greece
| | - Sofia Dervisoglou
- Laboratory of Agricultural Zoology and Entomology, Department of Crop Science, Agricultural University of Athens, 11855 Athens, Greece
| | - Dionysios Perdikis
- Laboratory of Agricultural Zoology and Entomology, Department of Crop Science, Agricultural University of Athens, 11855 Athens, Greece
| | - Petros A. Tarantilis
- Laboratory of Chemistry, Department of Food Science & Human Nutrition, School of Food and Nutritional Sciences, Agricultural University of Athens, Iera Odos 75, 11855 Athens, Greece
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Aboelhadid SM, Abdel-Baki AAS, Hassan KM, Arafa WM, Abdel-Tawab H, Al-Quraishy S, Hassan AO, Moawad UK, Ahmed O, Kamel AA. Role of antioxidant activity of essential oils in their acaricidal activities against Rhipicephalus annulatus. EXPERIMENTAL & APPLIED ACAROLOGY 2022; 88:209-224. [PMID: 36348156 DOI: 10.1007/s10493-022-00742-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2021] [Accepted: 09/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Essential oils of Origanum majorana and Satureja thymbra as well as carvacrol are natural products that are known to have potent antioxidant activities. The current study was designed to investigate the role of the antioxidant properties of these natural products in their acaricidal activities against Rhipicephalus annulatus larvae. The synergistic and/or antagonistic effects of the addition of vitamins E and C and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) to these natural products were also evaluated. Larval packet tests were used to evaluate the acaricidal activities against the larvae of R. annulatus. The antioxidant effectiveness of these products was determined by a DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) free radical scavenging assay. The addition of vitamin E at 100 mg/mL to O. majorana and S. thymbra decreased the concentrations required to achieve the death of half of the larvae (LC50) to 0.44 and 0.47%, respectively. The combination of O. majorana and S. thymbra attained the LC50 at 1.54% which was decreased to 0.69% after addition of vitamin E. Also, the addition of vitamin E to carvacrol reduced the LC50 to 0.27%. The total antioxidant activity of these natural products increased significantly in presence of vitamin E. The addition of H2O2 inhibited the acaricidal activity of all tested materials, especially at low concentrations. All treatments induced an increase in lipid peroxidation, whereas carvacrol-treated larvae revealed the lowest values for the superoxide dismutase. Glutathione peroxidase and catalase activity decreased in larvae treated with S. thymbra combined with vitamin E. In conclusion, the addition of vitamins E and C increased the acaricidal activities of the tested compounds, whereas the addition of H2O2 decreased these activities. The antioxidant activities of essential oils and their active components may play an important role in mediating their acaricidal activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shawky M Aboelhadid
- Parasitology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Beni-Suef University, 62511, Beni-Suef, Egypt.
| | | | - Khaled M Hassan
- Department of Parasitology, Beni-Suef Laboratory, Animal Health Research Institute (AHRI), Agriculture Research center (ARC), Beni-Suef, Egypt
| | - Waleed M Arafa
- Parasitology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Beni-Suef University, 62511, Beni-Suef, Egypt
| | - Heba Abdel-Tawab
- Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, Egypt
| | - Saleh Al-Quraishy
- Zoology Department, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed O Hassan
- Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, 63110, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Usama K Moawad
- Department of Histology and Cytology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Beni-Suef University, 62511, Beni-Suef, Egypt
| | - Osama Ahmed
- Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, Egypt
| | - Asmaa A Kamel
- Parasitology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Beni-Suef University, 62511, Beni-Suef, Egypt
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IN SILICO AND IN VIVO STUDY OF ADULTICIDAL ACTIVITY FROM Ayapana triplinervis ESSENTIAL OILS NANO-EMULSION AGAINST Aedes aegypti. ARAB J CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.arabjc.2022.104033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
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Marc (Vlaic) RA, Mureșan V, Mureșan AE, Mureșan CC, Tanislav AE, Pușcaș A, Marţiș (Petruţ) GS, Ungur RA. Spicy and Aromatic Plants for Meat and Meat Analogues Applications. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 11:plants11070960. [PMID: 35406940 PMCID: PMC9002745 DOI: 10.3390/plants11070960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2022] [Revised: 03/30/2022] [Accepted: 03/30/2022] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Aromatic and spicy plants are an important factor that contributes not only to improving the taste of meat, meat products, and meat analogues, but also to increasing the nutritional value of the products to which they are added. The aim of this paper is to present the latest information on the bioactive antioxidant and antimicrobial properties of the most commonly used herbs and spices (parsley, dill, basil, oregano, sage, coriander, rosemary, marjoram, tarragon, bay, thyme, and mint) used in the meat and meat analogues industry, or proposed to be used for meat analogues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Romina Alina Marc (Vlaic)
- Food Engineering Department, Faculty of Food Science and Technology, University of Agricultural Science and Veterinary Medicine Cluj-Napoca, 3-5 Calea Mănăştur Street, 400372 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (R.A.M.); (C.C.M.); (A.E.T.); (A.P.); (G.S.M.)
| | - Vlad Mureșan
- Food Engineering Department, Faculty of Food Science and Technology, University of Agricultural Science and Veterinary Medicine Cluj-Napoca, 3-5 Calea Mănăştur Street, 400372 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (R.A.M.); (C.C.M.); (A.E.T.); (A.P.); (G.S.M.)
- Correspondence: (V.M.); (A.E.M.)
| | - Andruţa E. Mureșan
- Food Engineering Department, Faculty of Food Science and Technology, University of Agricultural Science and Veterinary Medicine Cluj-Napoca, 3-5 Calea Mănăştur Street, 400372 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (R.A.M.); (C.C.M.); (A.E.T.); (A.P.); (G.S.M.)
- Correspondence: (V.M.); (A.E.M.)
| | - Crina Carmen Mureșan
- Food Engineering Department, Faculty of Food Science and Technology, University of Agricultural Science and Veterinary Medicine Cluj-Napoca, 3-5 Calea Mănăştur Street, 400372 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (R.A.M.); (C.C.M.); (A.E.T.); (A.P.); (G.S.M.)
| | - Anda E. Tanislav
- Food Engineering Department, Faculty of Food Science and Technology, University of Agricultural Science and Veterinary Medicine Cluj-Napoca, 3-5 Calea Mănăştur Street, 400372 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (R.A.M.); (C.C.M.); (A.E.T.); (A.P.); (G.S.M.)
| | - Andreea Pușcaș
- Food Engineering Department, Faculty of Food Science and Technology, University of Agricultural Science and Veterinary Medicine Cluj-Napoca, 3-5 Calea Mănăştur Street, 400372 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (R.A.M.); (C.C.M.); (A.E.T.); (A.P.); (G.S.M.)
| | - Georgiana Smaranda Marţiș (Petruţ)
- Food Engineering Department, Faculty of Food Science and Technology, University of Agricultural Science and Veterinary Medicine Cluj-Napoca, 3-5 Calea Mănăştur Street, 400372 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (R.A.M.); (C.C.M.); (A.E.T.); (A.P.); (G.S.M.)
| | - Rodica Ana Ungur
- Department of Rehabilitation Iuliu-Haţieganu, Faculty of General Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 8 Victor Babes Street, 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania;
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Ochola JB, Mutero CM, Marubu RM, Haller BF, Hassanali A, Lwande W. Mosquitoes Larvicidal Activity of Ocimum kilimandscharicum Oil Formulation under Laboratory and Field-Simulated Conditions. INSECTS 2022; 13:203. [PMID: 35206778 PMCID: PMC8877965 DOI: 10.3390/insects13020203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2021] [Revised: 02/02/2022] [Accepted: 02/09/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Mosquitoes are vectors of many severe diseases, including malaria, yellow as well as dengue fever, and lymphatic filariasis. The use of synthetic chemical insecticides for mosquito control has been associated with resistance development and detrimental human, and ecological effects. For a safer alternative, the emulsified Ocimum kilimandscharicum oil formulation was evaluated for its larvicidal activity. The oil was analyzed by GC and GC/MS. The formulations were evaluated against third instar mosquito larvae in the laboratory and later compared with Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. israelensis against An. gambiae under field-simulated conditions. Thirty-nine compounds were identified in the oil, the main ones being D-camphor (36.6%) and limonene (18.6%). The formulation showed significant larval mortalities against An. gambiae and An. arabiensis larvae with LC50 of 0.07 and 0.31 ppm, respectively, at 24 h. Under the field-simulated trial, within 24 h, the formulation showed 98% mortality while Bti had achieved 54%. On day three, it caused 100% mortality while Bti achieved 76.5%. The high bioactivity and sublethal toxic effects to offspring of treated mosquito larvae, in terms of disruption of larval morphological aspects, suggest the high potential of the formulation as a botanical larvicide. The formulation, thus, may provide a valuable alternative for the effective and eco-friendly control of disease vectors.
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Affiliation(s)
- John Bwire Ochola
- Bioprospecting Program, International Centre of Insect Physiology and Ecology, P.O. Box 30772, Nairobi 00100, Kenya; (C.M.M.); (R.M.M.); (B.F.H.); (W.L.)
- Chemistry Department, School of Pure and Applied Sciences, Kenyatta University, P.O. Box 43844, Nairobi 00100, Kenya;
| | - Clifford Maina Mutero
- Bioprospecting Program, International Centre of Insect Physiology and Ecology, P.O. Box 30772, Nairobi 00100, Kenya; (C.M.M.); (R.M.M.); (B.F.H.); (W.L.)
- Institute for Sustainable Malaria Control, School of Health Systems and Public Health, University of Pretoria, Private Bag X323, Pretoria 0001, South Africa
| | - Rose Muthoni Marubu
- Bioprospecting Program, International Centre of Insect Physiology and Ecology, P.O. Box 30772, Nairobi 00100, Kenya; (C.M.M.); (R.M.M.); (B.F.H.); (W.L.)
| | - Barbara Frei Haller
- Bioprospecting Program, International Centre of Insect Physiology and Ecology, P.O. Box 30772, Nairobi 00100, Kenya; (C.M.M.); (R.M.M.); (B.F.H.); (W.L.)
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, ETH Zurich Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 1-5/10, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Ahmed Hassanali
- Chemistry Department, School of Pure and Applied Sciences, Kenyatta University, P.O. Box 43844, Nairobi 00100, Kenya;
| | - Wilber Lwande
- Bioprospecting Program, International Centre of Insect Physiology and Ecology, P.O. Box 30772, Nairobi 00100, Kenya; (C.M.M.); (R.M.M.); (B.F.H.); (W.L.)
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Arserim SK, Cetin H, Yildirim A, Limoncu ME, Cinbilgel I, Kaya T, Ozbel Y, Balcioglu IC. The Toxicity of Essential Oils From Three Origanum Species Against Head Louse, Pediculus humanus capitis. Acta Parasitol 2021; 66:1003-1011. [PMID: 33770342 DOI: 10.1007/s11686-021-00370-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2020] [Accepted: 03/09/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Pediculosis caused by human head louse, Pediculus humanus capitis De Geer (Anoplura: Pediculidae) is a public health problem with a high prevalence, especially among children in school age. Different chemical pediculicides (insecticides) are used against lice but the repeated application of these pediculicides for the treatment of P. humanus capitis infestation in the past decades has resulted in the development of resistance. The plant essential oils have been used as alternative sources of lice treatment agents. Pediculicidal activity of the essential oils of three Origanum species (O. onites, O. majorana and O. minutiflorum) against P. humanus capitis adults was examined in this study. METHODS Essential oils from aerial parts of three Origanum species were obtained by hydrodistillation using a Clevenger-type apparatus. P. humanus capitis specimens used were obtained from infested children by combing method at primary schools. Adult lice were exposed to three dilutions (1%, 0.5% and 0.1% w/v) of tested oils for 5 min using the adult immersion test. RESULTS According to the results, all Origanum essential oils at 1% concentration have been shown to significantly decrease the rate of limb, bowel and abdomen movements, producing more than 90% mortality after 12 h. CONCLUSION Our results indicated that Origanum essential oils can be used for the development of new pediculicides against head louse.
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Antifungal Activity and Chemical Composition of Seven Essential Oils to Control the Main Seedborne Fungi of Cucurbits. Antibiotics (Basel) 2021; 10:antibiotics10020104. [PMID: 33499094 PMCID: PMC7912402 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics10020104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2020] [Revised: 01/19/2021] [Accepted: 01/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Essential oils represent novel alternatives to application of synthetic fungicides to control against seedborne pathogens. This study investigated seven essential oils for in vitro growth inhibition of the main seedborne pathogens of cucurbits. Cymbopogon citratus essential oil completely inhibited mycelial growth of Stagonosporopsis cucurbitacearum and Alternaria alternata at 0.6 and 0.9 mg/mL, respectively. At 1 mg/mL, Lavandula dentata, Lavandula hybrida, Melaleuca alternifolia, Laurus nobilis, and two Origanum majorana essential oils inhibited mycelia growth of A. alternata by 54%, 71%, 68%, 36%, 90%, and 74%, respectively. S. cucurbitacearum mycelia growth was more sensitive to Lavandula essential oils, with inhibition of ~74% at 1 mg/mL. To determine the main compounds in these essential oils that might be responsible for this antifungal activity, they were analyzed by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC-MS). C. citratus essential oil showed cirtal as its main constituent, while L. dentata and L. nobilis essential oils showed eucalyptol. The M. alternifolia and two O. majorana essential oils had terpinen-4-ol as the major constituent, while for L. hybrida essential oil, this was linalool. Thus, in vitro, these essential oils can inhibit the main seedborne fungi of cucurbits, with future in vivo studies now needed to confirm these activities.
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