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Gaccione L, Martina M, Barchi L, Portis E. A Compendium for Novel Marker-Based Breeding Strategies in Eggplant. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:1016. [PMID: 36903876 PMCID: PMC10005326 DOI: 10.3390/plants12051016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2023] [Revised: 02/06/2023] [Accepted: 02/21/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The worldwide production of eggplant is estimated at about 58 Mt, with China, India and Egypt being the major producing countries. Breeding efforts in the species have mainly focused on increasing productivity, abiotic and biotic tolerance/resistance, shelf-life, the content of health-promoting metabolites in the fruit rather than decreasing the content of anti-nutritional compounds in the fruit. From the literature, we collected information on mapping quantitative trait loci (QTLs) affecting eggplant's traits following a biparental or multi-parent approach as well as genome-wide association (GWA) studies. The positions of QTLs were lifted according to the eggplant reference line (v4.1) and more than 700 QTLs were identified, here organized into 180 quantitative genomic regions (QGRs). Our findings thus provide a tool to: (i) determine the best donor genotypes for specific traits; (ii) narrow down QTL regions affecting a trait by combining information from different populations; (iii) pinpoint potential candidate genes.
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Saeed F, Chaudhry UK, Raza A, Charagh S, Bakhsh A, Bohra A, Ali S, Chitikineni A, Saeed Y, Visser RGF, Siddique KHM, Varshney RK. Developing future heat-resilient vegetable crops. Funct Integr Genomics 2023; 23:47. [PMID: 36692535 PMCID: PMC9873721 DOI: 10.1007/s10142-023-00967-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2022] [Revised: 01/06/2023] [Accepted: 01/06/2023] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Climate change seriously impacts global agriculture, with rising temperatures directly affecting the yield. Vegetables are an essential part of daily human consumption and thus have importance among all agricultural crops. The human population is increasing daily, so there is a need for alternative ways which can be helpful in maximizing the harvestable yield of vegetables. The increase in temperature directly affects the plants' biochemical and molecular processes; having a significant impact on quality and yield. Breeding for climate-resilient crops with good yields takes a long time and lots of breeding efforts. However, with the advent of new omics technologies, such as genomics, transcriptomics, proteomics, and metabolomics, the efficiency and efficacy of unearthing information on pathways associated with high-temperature stress resilience has improved in many of the vegetable crops. Besides omics, the use of genomics-assisted breeding and new breeding approaches such as gene editing and speed breeding allow creation of modern vegetable cultivars that are more resilient to high temperatures. Collectively, these approaches will shorten the time to create and release novel vegetable varieties to meet growing demands for productivity and quality. This review discusses the effects of heat stress on vegetables and highlights recent research with a focus on how omics and genome editing can produce temperature-resilient vegetables more efficiently and faster.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faisal Saeed
- Department of Agricultural Genetic Engineering, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences and Technologies, Nigde Omer Halisdemir University, 51240, Nigde, Turkey
| | - Usman Khalid Chaudhry
- Department of Agricultural Genetic Engineering, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences and Technologies, Nigde Omer Halisdemir University, 51240, Nigde, Turkey
| | - Ali Raza
- College of Agriculture, Oil Crops Research Institute, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University (FAFU), Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Sidra Charagh
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Hangzhou, China
| | - Allah Bakhsh
- Centre of Excellence in Molecular Biology, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Abhishek Bohra
- State Agricultural Biotechnology Centre, Centre for Crop and Food Innovation, Murdoch University, Murdoch, 6150, Australia
| | - Sumbul Ali
- Akhuwat Faisalabad Institute of Research Science and Technology, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Annapurna Chitikineni
- State Agricultural Biotechnology Centre, Centre for Crop and Food Innovation, Murdoch University, Murdoch, 6150, Australia
- Center of Excellence in Genomics and Systems Biology, International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRISAT), Hyderabad, India
| | - Yasir Saeed
- Department of Plant Pathology, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, 38040, Pakistan
| | - Richard G F Visser
- Plant Breeding, Wageningen University & Research, Droevendaalsesteeg 1, 6708 PB, 15, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Kadambot H M Siddique
- The UWA Institute of Agriculture, The University of Western Australia, Perth, 6001, Australia
| | - Rajeev K Varshney
- State Agricultural Biotechnology Centre, Centre for Crop and Food Innovation, Murdoch University, Murdoch, 6150, Australia.
- Center of Excellence in Genomics and Systems Biology, International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRISAT), Hyderabad, India.
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Zhang A, Huang Q, Li J, Zhu W, Liu X, Wu X, Zha D. Comparative Transcriptome Analysis Reveals Gene Expression Differences in Eggplant ( Solanum melongena L.) Fruits with Different Brightness. Foods 2022; 11:foods11162506. [PMID: 36010506 PMCID: PMC9407171 DOI: 10.3390/foods11162506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2022] [Revised: 08/08/2022] [Accepted: 08/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Fruit brightness is an important quality trait that affects the market value of eggplant. However, few studies have been conducted on eggplant brightness. In this study, we aimed to identify genes related to this trait in three varieties of eggplant with different fruit brightness between 14 and 22 days after pollination. Using RNA-Seq Gene Ontology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes enrichment analyses, we found that wax- and cutin-related pathways and differentially expressed genes displayed significant differences among different development stages and varieties. Scanning electron microscopy revealed that the wax layer was thinner in '30-1' and 'QPCQ' than in '22-1'. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis revealed that wax content was significantly lower in '30-1' than in '22-1', which indicated that wax may be an important factor determining fruit brightness. We further identified and analyzed the KCS gene family, which encodes the rate-limiting enzyme of FA elongation in wax synthesis. The results provide an insight into the molecular mechanisms of fruit brightness in eggplants and further eggplant breeding programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aidong Zhang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Protected Horticultural Technology, Horticultural Research Institute, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 201403, China
| | - Qianru Huang
- College of Life Science, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai 201418, China
| | - Jianyong Li
- Shanghai Agricultural Technology Extension Service Center, Shanghai 201103, China
| | - Weimin Zhu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Protected Horticultural Technology, Horticultural Research Institute, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 201403, China
| | - Xiaohui Liu
- College of Fisheries and Life Science, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China
| | - Xuexia Wu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Protected Horticultural Technology, Horticultural Research Institute, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 201403, China
- Correspondence:
| | - Dingshi Zha
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Protected Horticultural Technology, Horticultural Research Institute, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 201403, China
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Genome-Wide Identification and Characterization of Hsf and Hsp Gene Families and Gene Expression Analysis under Heat Stress in Eggplant (Solanum melongema L.). HORTICULTURAE 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/horticulturae7060149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Under high temperature stress, a large number of proteins in plant cells will be denatured and inactivated. Meanwhile Hsfs and Hsps will be quickly induced to remove denatured proteins, so as to avoid programmed cell death, thus enhancing the thermotolerance of plants. Here, a comprehensive identification and analysis of the Hsf and Hsp gene families in eggplant under heat stress was performed. A total of 24 Hsf-like genes and 117 Hsp-like genes were identified from the eggplant genome using the interolog from Arabidopsis. The gene structure and motif composition of Hsf and Hsp genes were relatively conserved in each subfamily in eggplant. RNA-seq data and qRT-PCR analysis showed that the expressions of most eggplant Hsf and Hsp genes were increased upon exposure to heat stress, especially in thermotolerant line. The comprehensive analysis indicated that different sets of SmHsps genes were involved downstream of particular SmHsfs genes. These results provided a basis for revealing the roles of SmHsps and SmHsp for thermotolerance in eggplant, which may potentially be useful for understanding the thermotolerance mechanism involving SmHsps and SmHsp in eggplant.
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Ramakrishna G, Kaur P, Singh A, Yadav SS, Sharma S, Singh NK, Gaikwad K. Comparative transcriptome analyses revealed different heat stress responses in pigeonpea (Cajanus cajan) and its crop wild relatives. PLANT CELL REPORTS 2021; 40:881-898. [PMID: 33837822 DOI: 10.1007/s00299-021-02686-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2020] [Accepted: 03/23/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Comparative transcriptome analyses accompanied by biochemical assays revealed high variability in heat stress response in Cajanus species. Among the studied species, C. scarabaeoides was the most thermotolerant followed by C. cajanifolius, C. cajan, and C. acutifolius. Pigeonpea is one of the climate-resilient grain legumes. Though the optimum temperature for cultivated pigeonpea is ~ 25-35 °C, its wild relatives grow in temperatures ranging between 18 and 45 °C. To gain insight into molecular mechanisms responsible for the heat stress tolerance in pigeonpea, we conducted time-series transcriptome analysis of one pigeonpea cultivar (Cajanus cajan) and two wild relatives, Cajanus acutifolius, and Cajanus scarabaeoides subjected to heat stress at 42 ± 2 ºC for 30 min and 3 h. A total of 9521, 12,447, and 5282 identified transcripts were differentially expressed in C. cajan, C. acutifolius, and C. scarabaeoides, respectively. In this study, we observed that a significant number of genes undergo alternative splicing in a species-specific pattern during heat stress. Gene expression profiling analysis, histochemical assay, chlorophyll content, and electrolyte leakage assay showed that C. scarabaeoides has adaptive features for heat stress tolerance. The gene set enrichment analyses of differentially expressed genes in these Cajanus species during heat stress revealed that oxidoreductase activity, transcription factor activity, oxygen-evolving complex, photosystem-II, thylakoid, phenylpropanoid biosynthetic process, secondary metabolic process, and flavonoid biosynthetic process were highly affected. The histochemical assay showed more lipid peroxidation in C. acutifolius compared to other Cajanus species inferring the presence of higher quantities of polyunsaturated fatty acids in the plasma membrane which might have led to severe damage of membrane-bound organelles like chloroplast, and high electrolyte leakage during heat stress. This study paves the way for the identification of candidate genes, which can be useful for the development of thermo-tolerant pigeonpea cultivars.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Ramakrishna
- ICAR-National Institute for Plant Biotechnology, New Delhi, 110012, India
- Centre for Medical Biotechnology, Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University, Noida, Uttar Pradesh, 201313, India
| | - Parampreet Kaur
- ICAR-National Institute for Plant Biotechnology, New Delhi, 110012, India
- School of Organic Farming, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, Punjab, 141004, India
| | - Anupam Singh
- ICAR-National Institute for Plant Biotechnology, New Delhi, 110012, India
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Chemical and Life Sciences, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, 110062, India
| | - Sunishtha S Yadav
- Centre for Medical Biotechnology, Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University, Noida, Uttar Pradesh, 201313, India
| | - Sandhya Sharma
- ICAR-National Institute for Plant Biotechnology, New Delhi, 110012, India
| | - N K Singh
- ICAR-National Institute for Plant Biotechnology, New Delhi, 110012, India
| | - Kishor Gaikwad
- ICAR-National Institute for Plant Biotechnology, New Delhi, 110012, India.
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Stavridou E, Voulgari G, Michailidis M, Kostas S, Chronopoulou EG, Labrou NE, Madesis P, Nianiou-Obeidat I. Overexpression of A Biotic Stress-Inducible Pvgstu Gene Activates Early Protective Responses in Tobacco under Combined Heat and Drought. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:2352. [PMID: 33652971 PMCID: PMC7956764 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22052352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2021] [Revised: 02/22/2021] [Accepted: 02/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Drought and heat stresses are major factors limiting crop growth and productivity, and their effect is more devastating when occurring concurrently. Plant glutathione transferases (GSTs) are differentially expressed in response to different stimuli, conferring tolerance to a wide range of abiotic stresses. GSTs from drought-tolerant Phaseolus vulgaris var. "Plake Megalosperma Prespon" is expected to play an important role in the response mechanisms to combined and single heat and drought stresses. Herein, we examined wild-type N. tabacum plants (cv. Basmas Xanthi) and T1 transgenic lines overexpressing the stress-induced Pvgstu3-3 and Pvgstu2-2 genes. The overexpression of Pvgstu3-3 contributed to potential thermotolerance and greater plant performance under combined stress. Significant alterations in the primary metabolism were observed in the transgenic plants between combined stress and stress-free conditions. Stress-responsive differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and transcription factors (TFs) related to photosynthesis, signal transduction, starch and sucrose metabolism, osmotic adjustment and thermotolerance, were identified under combined stress. In contrast, induction of certain DEGs and TF families under stress-free conditions indicated that transgenic plants were in a primed state. The overexpression of the Pvgstu3-3 is playing a leading role in the production of signaling molecules, induction of specific metabolites and activation of the protective mechanisms for enhanced protection against combined abiotic stresses in tobacco.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evangelia Stavridou
- Laboratory of Genetics and Plant Breeding, School of Agriculture, Forestry and Natural Environment, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, P.O. Box 261, GR-54124 Thessaloniki, Greece; (E.S.); (G.V.)
- Institute of Applied Biosciences, CERTH, 6th km Charilaou-Thermis Road, Thermi, P.O. Box 361, GR-57001 Thessaloniki, Greece;
| | - Georgia Voulgari
- Laboratory of Genetics and Plant Breeding, School of Agriculture, Forestry and Natural Environment, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, P.O. Box 261, GR-54124 Thessaloniki, Greece; (E.S.); (G.V.)
| | - Michail Michailidis
- Laboratory of Pomology, Department of Horticulture, School of Agriculture, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, GR-54124 Thessaloniki, Greece;
| | - Stefanos Kostas
- Laboratory of Floriculture, School of Agriculture, Forestry and Natural Environment, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, GR-54124 Thessaloniki, Greece;
| | - Evangelia G. Chronopoulou
- Laboratory of Enzyme Technology, Department of Biotechnology, School of Food, Biotechnology and Development, Agricultural University of Athens, 75 Iera Odos Street, 11855 Athens, Greece; (E.G.C.); (N.E.L.)
| | - Nikolaos E. Labrou
- Laboratory of Enzyme Technology, Department of Biotechnology, School of Food, Biotechnology and Development, Agricultural University of Athens, 75 Iera Odos Street, 11855 Athens, Greece; (E.G.C.); (N.E.L.)
| | - Panagiotis Madesis
- Institute of Applied Biosciences, CERTH, 6th km Charilaou-Thermis Road, Thermi, P.O. Box 361, GR-57001 Thessaloniki, Greece;
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Plants, School of Agricultural Sciences, University of Thessaly, 38446 Thessaly, Greece
| | - Irini Nianiou-Obeidat
- Laboratory of Genetics and Plant Breeding, School of Agriculture, Forestry and Natural Environment, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, P.O. Box 261, GR-54124 Thessaloniki, Greece; (E.S.); (G.V.)
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