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Nto SE, Oluwatola T, Samuel O, Okagbue H, Atobatele S, Ibanga A, Adegoke A, Emuren D, Dumbulwa SA, Sampson S, Isiaka SD, Sadiq S. Strengthening care for emergencies: what is the level of awareness and utilization of Emergency Medical Services (EMS) in FCT, Nigeria? BMC Emerg Med 2024; 24:73. [PMID: 38679722 PMCID: PMC11057177 DOI: 10.1186/s12873-024-00991-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2024] [Accepted: 04/19/2024] [Indexed: 05/01/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND As part of the Federal Government of Nigeria's desire to increase medical coverage among the citizenry, the National Emergency Medical Service and Ambulance Scheme (NEMSAS) was set up and piloted in the FCT in 2022. To gauge the progress so far, this study sought to assess the level and determinants of public awareness and utilization of Emergency Medical Services (EMS) among residents of the Federal Capital Territory, Abuja. METHODS A cross-sectional study was conducted in June 2023 among 1177 respondents residing in FCT Abuja at the time of the survey. Data was collected by trained research assistants using an interviewer-administered questionnaire and purposive sampling was adopted. The level of awareness and the socio-demographic determinants of the level of awareness in the FCT were assessed. Logistic regression was used to find predictors of EMS awareness and utilization. RESULTS 57.8% of respondents are aware of EMS, while 42.2% are not. 62.7% are uncertain about the source of information for EMS with only a minority relying on word of mouth (17.7%), traditional media (11.1%), or social media (8.5%). 91.4% have not accessed or utilized EMS via the toll-free emergency line, while only 8.6% reported doing so. There are median EMS awareness and utilization differences across gender, age, location, and employment status of the respondents. Additionally, the multivariate logistic regression showed that age, location, and employment status are significant predictors of EMS awareness and utilization. Males have lower odds of awareness and utilization of EMS compared to females. Furthermore, there was a significant relationship between EMS access and utilization (Chi-square = 80.748, p < 0.001). However, awareness did not necessarily translate to utilization. CONCLUSION The relationship between EMS awareness and utilization and the unmasked predictors in this paper should be factored into the design of interventions to increase access and utilization of EMS in Nigeria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunday Eke Nto
- Sydani Institute for Research and Innovation, Abuja, Nigeria.
| | - Toluwani Oluwatola
- Sydani Institute for Research and Innovation, Abuja, Nigeria
- Sydani Group, Abuja, Nigeria
| | | | - Hilary Okagbue
- Sydani Institute for Research and Innovation, Abuja, Nigeria
| | - Sunday Atobatele
- Sydani Institute for Research and Innovation, Abuja, Nigeria
- Sydani Group, Abuja, Nigeria
| | | | | | - Doubra Emuren
- National Emergency Medical Service and Ambulance System, Abuja, Nigeria
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Uusimäki K, Schneider L, Lubeka C, Kimiwye J, Mutanen M. Mothers' knowledge and practices on breastfeeding and complementary feeding in an urban slum area and rural area in Kenya: A cross-sectional interview study. J Child Health Care 2023; 27:612-627. [PMID: 35428403 PMCID: PMC10676620 DOI: 10.1177/13674935221083451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Maternal breastfeeding and complementary feeding knowledge is an important determinant of childrens' long-term health and development. This study aims to account for associations between knowledge and practices in Kenya and report the food consumption of children from birth to 18 months. In 2015 mother-child pairs were recruited from Mother-and-Child Health Centers; 415 in an urban slum in Nairobi and 364 in rural Machakos. Knowledge and practice scores were calculated from questionnaire variables and 24-h food frequency questionnaire. The associations of knowledge and practices were studied with regression analysis. Breastfeeding knowledge (Nairobi 6.3/9, Machakos 5.9/9) and practices (Nairobi 7.5/8, Machakos 7.2/8) were good in both areas. Complementary feeding knowledge was not as good (Nairobi 7.5/14, Machakos 7.1/14). Minimum meal frequency was reached by almost 80% of the children but dietary diversity was low (Nairobi 2.7 [SD 1.4], Machakos 2.4. [SD 1.3]). Only 27% of children in Nairobi and 13% in Machakos were fed a minimum acceptable diet. The complementary feeding knowledge score was associated only with minimum dietary diversity in Nairobi (OR: 1.29; 95% CI: 1.105-1.514). Infant and young child feeding knowledge and practices were on a similar level in both areas. Future interventions should focus on improving dietary diversity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kerttu Uusimäki
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Faculty of Agriculture and Forestry, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Lauriina Schneider
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Faculty of Agriculture and Forestry, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Crippina Lubeka
- Department of Food, Nutrition and Dietetics, School of Applied Human Sciences, Kenyatta University, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Judith Kimiwye
- Department of Food, Nutrition and Dietetics, School of Applied Human Sciences, Kenyatta University, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Marja Mutanen
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Faculty of Agriculture and Forestry, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
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Akingbade O, Adeleye K, Fadodun OA, Fawole IO, Li J, Choi EPH, Ho M, Lok KYW, Wong JYH, Fong DYT, Ogungbe O. eHealth literacy was associated with anxiety and depression during the COVID-19 pandemic in Nigeria: a cross-sectional study. Front Public Health 2023; 11:1194908. [PMID: 37427252 PMCID: PMC10323132 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2023.1194908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2023] [Accepted: 06/05/2023] [Indexed: 07/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Electronic health (eHealth) literacy may play an important role in individuals' engagement with online mental health-related information. Aim To examine associations between eHealth literacy and psychological outcomes among Nigerians during the Coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. Methods This was a cross-sectional study among Nigerians conducted using the 'COVID-19's impAct on feaR and hEalth (CARE) questionnaire. The exposure: eHealth literacy, was assessed using the eHealth literacy scale, and psychological outcomes were assessed using the PHQ-4 scale, which measured anxiety and depression; and the fear scale to measure fear of COVID-19. We fitted logistic regression models to assess the association of eHealth literacy with anxiety, depression, and fear, adjusting for covariates. We included interaction terms to assess for age, gender, and regional differences. We also assessed participants' endorsement of strategies for future pandemic preparedness. Results This study involved 590 participants, of which 56% were female, and 38% were 30 years or older. About 83% reported high eHealth literacy, and 55% reported anxiety or depression. High eHealth literacy was associated with a 66% lower likelihood of anxiety (adjusted odds ratio aOR, 0·34; 95% confidence interval, 0·20-0·54) and depression (aOR: 0·34; 95% CI, 0·21-0·56). There were age, gender, and regional differences in the associations between eHealth literacy and psychological outcomes. eHealth-related strategies such as medicine delivery, receiving health information through text messaging, and online courses were highlighted as important for future pandemic preparedness. Conclusion Considering that mental health and psychological care services are severely lacking in Nigeria, digital health information sources present an opportunity to improve access and delivery of mental health services. The different associations of e-health literacy with psychological well-being between age, gender, and geographic region highlight the urgent need for targeted interventions for vulnerable populations. Policymakers must prioritize digitally backed interventions, such as medicine delivery and health information dissemination through text messaging, to address these disparities and promote equitable mental well-being.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oluwadamilare Akingbade
- The Nethersole School of Nursing, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Institute of Nursing Research, Osogbo, Osun, Nigeria
| | | | | | - Israel Opeyemi Fawole
- Institute of Nursing Research, Osogbo, Osun, Nigeria
- Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, Ogbomoso, Nigeria
| | - Jiaying Li
- School of Nursing, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | | | - Mandy Ho
- School of Nursing, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Kris Yuet Wan Lok
- School of Nursing, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Janet Yuen Ha Wong
- School of Nursing and Health Studies, Hong Kong Metropolitan University, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Daniel Yee Tak Fong
- School of Nursing, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Oluwabunmi Ogungbe
- Johns Hopkins University School of Nursing, Baltimore, MD, United States
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Suppiah SD, Malhotra R, Tan YW, Jessup RL, Chew LST, Tang WE, Beauchamp A. Prevalence of health literacy and its correlates from a national survey of older adults. Res Social Adm Pharm 2023; 19:906-912. [PMID: 36898905 DOI: 10.1016/j.sapharm.2023.02.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2022] [Revised: 02/17/2023] [Accepted: 02/24/2023] [Indexed: 03/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Health literacy (HL) is an important determinant of health. Sub-optimal HL can have profound consequences for individuals and health systems. However, little is known about the HL of older Singaporeans. OBJECTIVE This study determined the prevalence, socio-demographic and health-related correlates of limited and marginal HL among older Singaporeans (≥65 years). METHODS Data from a national survey were analysed (n = 2327). HL was measured using the 4-item BRIEF with a 5-point response scale (range 4-20), and classified as limited, marginal, and adequate. Multinomial logistic regression models were applied to identify correlates of limited and marginal HL versus adequate HL. RESULTS The weighted prevalence of limited HL was 42.0%, marginal HL was 20.4% and adequate HL was 37.7%. In adjusted regression analysis, older adults in advanced age groups with lower education and those living in 1-3 room flats had higher risk of limited HL. Furthermore, having ≥3 chronic diseases (Relative Risk Ratio [RRR] = 1.70, 95% Confidence Interval [95% CI] = 1.15, 2.52), poor self-rated health (RRR = 2.07, 95% CI = 1.56, 2.77), vision impairment (RRR = 2.08, 95% CI = 1.55, 2.80), hearing impairment (RRR = 1.57, 95% CI = 1.15, 2.14) and mild cognitive impairment (RRR = 4.87, 95% CI = 2.12, 11.19) were also associated with limited HL. The likelihood of marginal HL was higher among those with lower education, ≥2 chronic diseases, poor self-rated health (RRR = 1.48, 95% CI = 1.09, 2.00), vision impairment (RRR = 1.45, 95% CI = 1.06, 1.99) and hearing impairment (RRR = 1.50, 95% CI = 1.08, 2.08). CONCLUSIONS Over two-thirds of older adults faced difficulties in reading, understanding, exchanging, and using health information and resources. There is a pressing need to create awareness about the issues that could result from the mismatch between healthcare system demands and the HL of older adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sumithra Devi Suppiah
- School of Rural Health, Monash University, Australia; Centre for Ageing Research and Education, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore.
| | - Rahul Malhotra
- Centre for Ageing Research and Education, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore; Progamme in Health Sevices and Systems Reseach, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore
| | - Yi Wen Tan
- Centre for Ageing Research and Education, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore
| | - Rebecca Leigh Jessup
- Allied Health, Northern Health, Epping, Victoria, Australia; Staying Well and Hospital Without Walls Program, Northern Health, Epping, Victoria, Australia; School of Allied Health, Human Services and Sport, LaTrobe University, Bundoora, Victoria, Australia
| | - Lita Sui Tjien Chew
- Department of Pharmacy, National Cancer Centre, Singapore; Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Science, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Wern-Ee Tang
- National Healthcare Group Polyclinics, Singapore; Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
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Visual Impairment and Blindness among Patients at Nigeria Army Eye Centre, Bonny Cantonment Lagos, Nigeria. Healthcare (Basel) 2022; 10:healthcare10112312. [PMID: 36421637 PMCID: PMC9690283 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare10112312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2022] [Revised: 11/05/2022] [Accepted: 11/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Visual impairment (VI) is a public health problem that can affect an individual’s social wellbeing. The study aims to determine the distribution and causes of vision impairment (VI) and blindness among patients at Nigerian Army Eye Centre Lagos, Nigeria. Method: An institutional cross-sectional study was conducted, and a systematic random sampling technique was used to enrol study participants from their medical records. Information about their demography, presenting visual acuity (VA), best corrected visual acuity and cause of VI and blindness, were retrieved. Result: A total of five hundred (500) medical records of patients aged from 4 to 96 years, with a mean age of 54.07 ± 21.43 years, were considered for the study. Among the participants, more than half were males (51.2%) and ≥60 years (53.0%). A large (47.2%) proportion of the patients had moderate VI at the time of presentation, followed by blindness (22.0%). The major cause of blindness was cataract, while glaucoma and refractive error were the major causes of VI. Blindness and VI were significantly associated with the type of VI before and after the provision of intervention (p < 0.05) across different age groups (children, youths, adults, elderly) with an adjusted p < 0.003 after an intervention. Conclusions: Cataracts, glaucoma and uncorrected refractive error (URE) were the major causes of VI and blindness in Lagos State. VI was more prevalent in males than females; however, there was no significant difference between the two proportions. The prevalence of VI among age groups was more significant for those 60 years and above. Early screening for the detection and management of cataract, URE and glaucoma is highly advised to reduce the burden of VI.
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Singh H, Kolschen J, Samkange-Zeeb F, Brand T, Zeeb H, Schüz B. Modifiable predictors of health literacy in working-age adults - a rapid review and meta-analysis. BMC Public Health 2022; 22:1450. [PMID: 35906567 PMCID: PMC9338662 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-022-13851-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2022] [Accepted: 07/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Health literacy comprises the ability to identify, obtain, interpret and act upon health information. Low health literacy is a major risk factor for hospitalizations, use of emergency care and premature mortality among others. Known risk factors for low health literacy such as lower educational attainment, migration history and chronic illnesses overlap with those for long-term unemployment – in itself a risk factor for low health literacy. These factors are difficult to address in interventions to support health literacy. Therefore, the objective of this review is to identify potentially modifiable predictors of HL in populations potentially affected by long-term unemployment. Methods A rapid review (PROSPERO registration number: 290873) was carried out in Pubmed and SCOPUS including quantitative studies on potentially modifiable predictors of health literacy in working-age populations following PRISMA guidelines for systematic reviews. Where possible, reported effect sizes were transformed into r, and random-effects meta-analyses were conducted where appropriate to pool effect sizes for the association between modifiable predictors and health literacy. Results In total, 4765 titles and abstracts were screened, 114 articles were assessed in full-text screening, and 54 were included in the review. Forty-one effect sizes were considered for 9 different meta-analyses. Higher language proficiency, higher frequency of internet use, using the internet as a source of health information more often, being more physically active, more oral health behaviours, watching more health-related TV and a good health status were significantly associated with higher health literacy. Significant heterogeneity suggests between-study differences. Conclusions Improving language proficiency and/or providing information in multiple and simplified languages, together with reliable and accessible health information on the internet and in linear media are potentially promising targets to improve health literacy levels in working-age populations. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12889-022-13851-0.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hunny Singh
- Institute of Public Health and Nursing Research, University of Bremen, Bremen, Germany.
| | - Jonathan Kolschen
- Institute of Public Health and Nursing Research, University of Bremen, Bremen, Germany
| | - Florence Samkange-Zeeb
- Department of Prevention and Evaluation, Leibniz Institute for Prevention Research and Epidemiology - BIPS, Bremen, Germany
| | - Tilman Brand
- Department of Prevention and Evaluation, Leibniz Institute for Prevention Research and Epidemiology - BIPS, Bremen, Germany
| | - Hajo Zeeb
- Department of Prevention and Evaluation, Leibniz Institute for Prevention Research and Epidemiology - BIPS, Bremen, Germany.,Health Sciences Bremen, University of Bremen, Bremen, Germany
| | - Benjamin Schüz
- Institute of Public Health and Nursing Research, University of Bremen, Bremen, Germany. .,Health Sciences Bremen, University of Bremen, Bremen, Germany.
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Raddadi Y, Adib-Hajbaghery M. Health literacy and quality of life in Iranian persons with COPD. Heart Lung 2022; 54:61-67. [PMID: 35349857 DOI: 10.1016/j.hrtlng.2022.02.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2021] [Revised: 02/09/2022] [Accepted: 02/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease is a progressive disorder with significant physical, psychological, and social consequences and adversely affects the persons' quality of life (QOL). OBJECTIVES This study aimed to determine the health literacy (HL) and QOL of persons with COPD and some of the contributing factors. METHODS A cross-sectional study was conducted from May to December 2019 on 270 persons with COPD referring to Shahid-Beheshti Hospital of Kashan, Iran. Data were collected using a demographic questionnaire, the 33-item Health Literacy Questionnaire of the Urban Population of Iran (with a total score ranging from 33 to 165, higher score indicates higher HL) and the 50-item St. George's Respiratory Questionnaire for assessing the QOL (with a total score ranging from zero to 100, greater score means lower QOL). Descriptive statistics, Pearson and Spearman correlation coefficient, Chi-square test, t-test, analysis of variance, and linear regression analysis were used to analyze the data. RESULTS The mean age and the mean duration of COPD were 59.48±13.31 and 3.85±3.47 years, respectively. The mean HL score and the mean QOL were 81.44±23.89 and 57.41±10.70, respectively. A significant correlation was found between HL and QOL (r=-0.21, p<0.001). CONCLUSION Participants had moderate levels of HL and QOL. There was a significant correlation between HL and QOL. Health care providers are recommended to take effective steps to improve the HL of persons with COPD by developing comprehensive educational programs for them.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasaman Raddadi
- Medical Surgical Nursing Department, Faculty of Nursing, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
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Ramos NNV, Fronteira I, Martins MRO. Building a Health Literacy Indicator from Angola Demographic and Health Survey in 2015/2016. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19052882. [PMID: 35270574 PMCID: PMC8910521 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19052882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2022] [Revised: 02/17/2022] [Accepted: 02/23/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Health literacy is a determinant factor for population health. It is important both for the prevention of health problems and the better management of those problems and unexpected situations that happen. Low health literacy has been consistently associated with poor health outcomes. This study aimed to develop a health literacy indicator for Angola and to analyze pertinent demographic characteristics related to it. Data were obtained from the first Angola Demographic and Health Survey conducted in 2015/16; we included 10 questions related to the American National Academy of Medicine definition of health literacy. Using factor analysis, we extracted one i indicator corresponding to four dimensions of health literacy. The indicator was dichotomized, and we used Logistic Regression to estimate factors associated with health literacy level: we obtained data from 19,785 adolescents and adults, aged 15–49 years. The internal consistency of the i indicator was reliable (Cronbach’s α = 0.83). Adjusting for other variables, males with complete secondary education or above and living in urban areas were more likely to have a high level of health literacy. There were substantial differences between the 18 regions. This is the first study evaluating health literacy in Angola using the American National Academy of Medicine definition and a Demographic and Health survey. Our study shows unfavorable results for women, individuals living in rural areas and those less educated.
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Adesida SA, Quadri MO, Adedeji AM. Use of Psychoactive Substances among Students in a Nigerian University: An Imperative for Intervention Programmes. SCIENTIFIC AFRICAN 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.sciaf.2022.e01139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022] Open
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Asharani PV, Lau JH, Roystonn K, Devi F, Peizhi W, Shafie S, Chang S, Jeyagurunathan A, Yiang CB, Abdin E, Vaingankar JA, Sum CF, Lee ES, Dam RV, Chong SA, Subramaniam M. Health Literacy and Diabetes Knowledge: A Nationwide Survey in a Multi-Ethnic Population. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:9316. [PMID: 34501905 PMCID: PMC8431510 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18179316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2021] [Revised: 08/27/2021] [Accepted: 08/31/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Health literacy is a key determinant of the public health and health climate of the nation. This study examined the functional health literacy of the nation, factors associated with health literacy, and its relationship with diabetes recognition. This cross-sectional survey recruited participants (N = 2895) who were 18 years and above from a population registry through disproportionate stratified sampling. The Brief Health Literacy Screen and other questionnaires were administered through face-to-face interviews, in one of the four national languages (English, Chinese, Malay or Tamil). The majority (80.5%) had adequate functional health literacy and were able to recognise symptoms of diabetes correctly (83.5% overall; 83.7% and 82.2% in those with adequate and inadequate health literacy, respectively). Those with inadequate health literacy had a higher incidence of chronic conditions (p < 0.001) compared to those with adequate health literacy in bivariate analysis. The majority of the sample had sufficient levels of physical activity (83.3%), and more than half reported an unhealthy lifestyle (57.4%). Older age, Chinese ethnicity, those who were employed, with lower education (secondary or below), and were married had significantly higher odds of inadequate health literacy. Health literacy was not associated with lifestyle, physical activity, chronic conditions and diabetes recognition. Health literacy interventions should focus on the disadvantaged social groups for improving their health literacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- P. V. Asharani
- Research Division, Institute of Mental Health, Singapore 539747, Singapore; (J.H.L.); (K.R.); (F.D.); (W.P.); (S.S.); (S.C.); (A.J.); (C.B.Y.); (E.A.); (J.A.V.); (S.A.C.); (M.S.)
| | - Jue Hua Lau
- Research Division, Institute of Mental Health, Singapore 539747, Singapore; (J.H.L.); (K.R.); (F.D.); (W.P.); (S.S.); (S.C.); (A.J.); (C.B.Y.); (E.A.); (J.A.V.); (S.A.C.); (M.S.)
| | - Kumarasan Roystonn
- Research Division, Institute of Mental Health, Singapore 539747, Singapore; (J.H.L.); (K.R.); (F.D.); (W.P.); (S.S.); (S.C.); (A.J.); (C.B.Y.); (E.A.); (J.A.V.); (S.A.C.); (M.S.)
| | - Fiona Devi
- Research Division, Institute of Mental Health, Singapore 539747, Singapore; (J.H.L.); (K.R.); (F.D.); (W.P.); (S.S.); (S.C.); (A.J.); (C.B.Y.); (E.A.); (J.A.V.); (S.A.C.); (M.S.)
| | - Wang Peizhi
- Research Division, Institute of Mental Health, Singapore 539747, Singapore; (J.H.L.); (K.R.); (F.D.); (W.P.); (S.S.); (S.C.); (A.J.); (C.B.Y.); (E.A.); (J.A.V.); (S.A.C.); (M.S.)
| | - Saleha Shafie
- Research Division, Institute of Mental Health, Singapore 539747, Singapore; (J.H.L.); (K.R.); (F.D.); (W.P.); (S.S.); (S.C.); (A.J.); (C.B.Y.); (E.A.); (J.A.V.); (S.A.C.); (M.S.)
| | - Sherilyn Chang
- Research Division, Institute of Mental Health, Singapore 539747, Singapore; (J.H.L.); (K.R.); (F.D.); (W.P.); (S.S.); (S.C.); (A.J.); (C.B.Y.); (E.A.); (J.A.V.); (S.A.C.); (M.S.)
| | - Anitha Jeyagurunathan
- Research Division, Institute of Mental Health, Singapore 539747, Singapore; (J.H.L.); (K.R.); (F.D.); (W.P.); (S.S.); (S.C.); (A.J.); (C.B.Y.); (E.A.); (J.A.V.); (S.A.C.); (M.S.)
| | - Chua Boon Yiang
- Research Division, Institute of Mental Health, Singapore 539747, Singapore; (J.H.L.); (K.R.); (F.D.); (W.P.); (S.S.); (S.C.); (A.J.); (C.B.Y.); (E.A.); (J.A.V.); (S.A.C.); (M.S.)
| | - Edimansyah Abdin
- Research Division, Institute of Mental Health, Singapore 539747, Singapore; (J.H.L.); (K.R.); (F.D.); (W.P.); (S.S.); (S.C.); (A.J.); (C.B.Y.); (E.A.); (J.A.V.); (S.A.C.); (M.S.)
| | - Janhavi Ajit Vaingankar
- Research Division, Institute of Mental Health, Singapore 539747, Singapore; (J.H.L.); (K.R.); (F.D.); (W.P.); (S.S.); (S.C.); (A.J.); (C.B.Y.); (E.A.); (J.A.V.); (S.A.C.); (M.S.)
| | - Chee Fang Sum
- Admiralty Medical Centre, Khoo Teck Puat Hospital, Singapore 730676, Singapore;
| | - Eng Sing Lee
- Clinical Research Unit, National Healthcare Group Polyclinics 3 Fusionopolis Link, Singapore 138543, Singapore;
| | - Rob Van Dam
- Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117549, Singapore;
| | - Siow Ann Chong
- Research Division, Institute of Mental Health, Singapore 539747, Singapore; (J.H.L.); (K.R.); (F.D.); (W.P.); (S.S.); (S.C.); (A.J.); (C.B.Y.); (E.A.); (J.A.V.); (S.A.C.); (M.S.)
| | - Mythily Subramaniam
- Research Division, Institute of Mental Health, Singapore 539747, Singapore; (J.H.L.); (K.R.); (F.D.); (W.P.); (S.S.); (S.C.); (A.J.); (C.B.Y.); (E.A.); (J.A.V.); (S.A.C.); (M.S.)
- Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117549, Singapore;
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