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Elfadadny A, Ragab RF, AlHarbi M, Badshah F, Ibáñez-Arancibia E, Farag A, Hendawy AO, De los Ríos-Escalante PR, Aboubakr M, Zakai SA, Nageeb WM. Antimicrobial resistance of Pseudomonas aeruginosa: navigating clinical impacts, current resistance trends, and innovations in breaking therapies. Front Microbiol 2024; 15:1374466. [PMID: 38646632 PMCID: PMC11026690 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2024.1374466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2024] [Accepted: 03/05/2024] [Indexed: 04/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Pseudomonas aeruginosa, a Gram-negative bacterium, is recognized for its adaptability and opportunistic nature. It poses a substantial challenge in clinical settings due to its complicated antibiotic resistance mechanisms, biofilm formation, and capacity for persistent infections in both animal and human hosts. Recent studies revealed a potential zoonotic transmission of P. aeruginosa between animals, the environment, and human populations which highlights awareness of this microbe. Implementation of the One Health approach, which underscores the connection between human, animal, and environmental health, we aim to offer a comprehensive perspective on the current landscape of P. aeruginosa management. This review presents innovative strategies designed to counteract P. aeruginosa infections. Traditional antibiotics, while effective in many cases, are increasingly compromised by the development of multidrug-resistant strains. Non-antibiotic avenues, such as quorum sensing inhibition, phage therapy, and nanoparticle-based treatments, are emerging as promising alternatives. However, their clinical application encounters obstacles like cost, side effects, and safety concerns. Effectively addressing P. aeruginosa infections necessitates persistent research efforts, advancements in clinical development, and a comprehension of host-pathogen interactions to deal with this resilient pathogen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Elfadadny
- Laboratory of Internal Medicine, Cooperative Division of Veterinary Sciences, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Fuchu, Japan
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Damanhour University, Damanhour, Egypt
| | - Rokaia F. Ragab
- Laboratory of Internal Medicine, Cooperative Division of Veterinary Sciences, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Fuchu, Japan
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Damanhour University, Damanhour, Egypt
| | - Maha AlHarbi
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Farhad Badshah
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Biotech Breeding, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Beijing, China
| | - Eliana Ibáñez-Arancibia
- PhD Program in Sciences Mentioning Applied Molecular and Cell Biology, La Frontera University, Temuco, Chile
- Laboratory of Engineering, Biotechnology and Applied Biochemistry – LIBBA, Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Science, La Frontera University, Temuco, Chile
- Department of Biological and Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Natural Resources, Catholic University of Temuco, Temuco, Chile
| | - Ahmed Farag
- Department of Surgery, Anesthesiology, and Radiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Amin Omar Hendawy
- Department of Animal and Poultry Production, Faculty of Agriculture, Damanhour University, Damanhour, Egypt
| | - Patricio R. De los Ríos-Escalante
- Department of Biological and Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Natural Resources, Catholic University of Temuco, Temuco, Chile
- Nucleus of Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Natural Resources, Catholic University of Temuco, Temuco, Chile
| | - Mohamed Aboubakr
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Benha University, Moshtohor, Toukh, Qaliobiya, Egypt
| | - Shadi A. Zakai
- Department of Clinical Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Wedad M. Nageeb
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt
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Hanafiah A, Sukri A, Yusoff H, Chan CS, Hazrin-Chong NH, Salleh SA, Neoh HM. Insights into the Microbiome and Antibiotic Resistance Genes from Hospital Environmental Surfaces: A Prime Source of Antimicrobial Resistance. Antibiotics (Basel) 2024; 13:127. [PMID: 38391513 PMCID: PMC10885873 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics13020127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2023] [Revised: 01/20/2024] [Accepted: 01/25/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Hospital environmental surfaces are potential reservoirs for transmitting hospital-associated pathogens. This study aimed to profile microbiomes and antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) from hospital environmental surfaces using 16S rRNA amplicon and metagenomic sequencing at a tertiary teaching hospital in Malaysia. Samples were collected from patient sinks and healthcare staff counters at surgery and orthopaedic wards. The samples' DNA were subjected to 16S rRNA amplicon and shotgun sequencing to identify bacterial taxonomic profiles, antibiotic resistance genes, and virulence factor pathways. The bacterial richness was more diverse in the samples collected from patient sinks than those collected from staff counters. Proteobacteria and Verrucomicrobia dominated at the phylum level, while Bacillus, Staphylococcus, Pseudomonas, and Acinetobacter dominated at the genus level. Staphylococcus epidermidis and Staphylococcus aureus were prevalent on sinks while Bacillus cereus dominated the counter samples. The highest counts of ARGs to beta-lactam were detected, followed by ARGs against fosfomycin and cephalosporin. We report the detection of mcr-10.1 that confers resistance to colistin at a hospital setting in Malaysia. The virulence gene pathways that aid in antibiotic resistance gene transfer between bacteria were identified. Environmental surfaces serve as potential reservoirs for nosocomial infections and require mitigation strategies to control the spread of antibiotic resistance bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alfizah Hanafiah
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Cheras, Kuala Lumpur 56000, Malaysia
| | - Asif Sukri
- Department of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi 43600, Malaysia
| | - Hamidah Yusoff
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Cheras, Kuala Lumpur 56000, Malaysia
| | | | - Nur Hazlin Hazrin-Chong
- Department of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi 43600, Malaysia
| | - Sharifah Azura Salleh
- Infection Control Unit, Hospital Canselor Tuanku Muhriz, Cheras, Kuala Lumpur 56000, Malaysia
| | - Hui-Min Neoh
- UKM Molecular Biology Institute (UMBI), Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Cheras, Kuala Lumpur 56000, Malaysia
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Nathar S, Rajmichael R, Jeyaraj Pandian C, Nagarajan H, Mathimaran A, Kingsley JD, Jeyaraman J. Exploring Nocardia's ecological spectrum and novel therapeutic frontiers through whole-genome sequencing: unraveling drug resistance and virulence factors. Arch Microbiol 2024; 206:76. [PMID: 38267747 DOI: 10.1007/s00203-023-03799-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2023] [Revised: 12/14/2023] [Accepted: 12/15/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2024]
Abstract
Nocardia farcinica is the leading pathogen responsible for nocardiosis, a life-threatening infection primarily affecting immunocompromised patients. In this study, the genomic sequence of a clinically isolated N. farcinica sample was sequenced. Subsequently, the assembled genome was annotated to identify antimicrobial resistance and virulence genes, as well as plasmid and prophages. The analysis of the entire genome size was 6,021,225 bp, with a GC content of 70.78% and consists of 103 contigs and N50 values of 292,531 bp. The genome analysis revealed the presence of several antimicrobial resistance genes, including RbpA, mtrA, FAR-1, blaFAR-1, blaFAR-1_1, and rox. In addition, virulence genes such as relA, icl, and mbtH were also detected. The present study signifies that N. farcinica genome is pivotal for the understanding of antimicrobial resistance and virulence genes is crucial for comprehending resistance mechanism, and developing effective strategies to combat bacterial infections effectively, especially adhesins and toxins. This study aids in identifying crucial drug targets for combating multidrug-resistant N. farcinica in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaslinah Nathar
- Structural Biology and Bio-Computing Lab, Department of Bioinformatics, Alagappa University, Science Block, Karaikudi, 630 003, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Raji Rajmichael
- Structural Biology and Bio-Computing Lab, Department of Bioinformatics, Alagappa University, Science Block, Karaikudi, 630 003, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Chitra Jeyaraj Pandian
- Department of Biotechnology, Dr. Umayal Ramanathan College for Women, Karaikudi, 630 003, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Hemavathy Nagarajan
- Structural Biology and Bio-Computing Lab, Department of Bioinformatics, Alagappa University, Science Block, Karaikudi, 630 003, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Ahila Mathimaran
- Structural Biology and Bio-Computing Lab, Department of Bioinformatics, Alagappa University, Science Block, Karaikudi, 630 003, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Jemima D Kingsley
- Orbito Asia Diagnostics Private Limited Coimbatore, Coimbatore, 641 045, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Jeyakanthan Jeyaraman
- Structural Biology and Bio-Computing Lab, Department of Bioinformatics, Alagappa University, Science Block, Karaikudi, 630 003, Tamil Nadu, India.
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Zhang G, Liu Y, Wang J, Li N, Han P, Chen Y, Xu W, Liu C. Characterization and genomic analysis of a novel bacteriophage BUCT_49532 lysing Klebsiella pneumoniae. Virus Genes 2023; 59:852-867. [PMID: 37857999 DOI: 10.1007/s11262-023-02033-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/21/2023]
Abstract
Bacteriophages are a type of virus widely distributed in nature that demonstrates a remarkable aptitude for selectively recognizing and infecting bacteria. In particular, Klebsiella pneumoniae is acknowledged as a clinical pathogen responsible for nosocomial infections and frequently develops multidrug resistance. Considering the increasing prevalence of antibiotic-resistant bacteria, bacteriophages have emerged as a compelling alternative therapeutic approach. In this study, a novel phage named BUCT_49532 was isolated from sewage using K. pneumoniae K1119 as the host. Electron microscopy revealed that BUCT_49532 belongs to the Caudoviricetes class. Further analysis through whole genome sequencing demonstrated that BUCT_49532 is a Jedunavirus comprised of linear double-stranded DNA with a length of 49,532 bp. Comparative genomics analysis based on average nucleotide identity (ANI) values revealed that BUCT_49532 should be identified as a novel species. Characterized by a good safety profile, high environmental stability, and strong lytic performance, phage BUCT_49532 presents an interesting case for consideration. Although its host range is relatively narrow, its application potential can be expanded by utilizing phage cocktails, making it a promising candidate for biocontrol approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangye Zhang
- College of Life Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Yucong Liu
- College of Life Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, China
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Ecology, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China
| | - Jinhong Wang
- College of Life Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Nan Li
- College of Life Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Pengjun Han
- College of Life Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Yiming Chen
- College of Life Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, China.
| | - Weijian Xu
- College of Life Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Changxia Liu
- College of Life Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, China.
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Chichón G, López M, de Toro M, Ruiz-Roldán L, Rojo-Bezares B, Sáenz Y. Spread of Pseudomonas aeruginosa ST274 Clone in Different Niches: Resistome, Virulome, and Phylogenetic Relationship. Antibiotics (Basel) 2023; 12:1561. [PMID: 37998763 PMCID: PMC10668709 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics12111561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2023] [Revised: 10/18/2023] [Accepted: 10/19/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Pseudomonas aeruginosa ST274 is an international epidemic high-risk clone, mostly associated with hospital settings and appears to colonize cystic fibrosis (CF) patients worldwide. To understand the relevant mechanisms for its success, the biological and genomic characteristics of 11 ST274-P. aeruginosa strains from clinical and non-clinical origins were analyzed. The extensively drug-resistant (XDR/DTR), the non-susceptible to at least one agent (modR), and the lasR-truncated (by ISPsp7) strains showed a chronic infection phenotype characterized by loss of serotype-specific antigenicity and low motility. Furthermore, the XDR/DTR and modR strains presented low pigment production and biofilm formation, which were very high in the lasR-truncated strain. Their whole genome sequences were compared with other 14 ST274-P. aeruginosa genomes available in the NCBI database, and certain associations have been primarily detected: blaOXA-486 and blaPDC-24 genes, serotype O:3, exoS+/exoU- genotype, group V of type IV pili, and pyoverdine locus class II. Other general molecular markers highlight the absence of vqsM and pldA/tleS genes and the presence of the same mutational pattern in genes involving two-component sensor-regulator systems PmrAB and CreBD, exotoxin A, quorum-sensing RhlI, beta-lactamase expression regulator AmpD, PBP1A, or FusA2 elongation factor G. The proportionated ST274-P. aeruginosa results could serve as the basis for more specific studies focused on better antibiotic stewardship and new therapeutic developments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriela Chichón
- Área de Microbiología Molecular, Centro de Investigación Biomédica de La Rioja (CIBIR), C/Piqueras 98, 26006 Logroño, Spain
| | - María López
- Área de Microbiología Molecular, Centro de Investigación Biomédica de La Rioja (CIBIR), C/Piqueras 98, 26006 Logroño, Spain
| | - María de Toro
- Plataforma de Genómica y Bioinformática, Centro de Investigación Biomédica de La Rioja (CIBIR), C/Piqueras 98, 26006 Logroño, Spain
| | - Lidia Ruiz-Roldán
- Joint Research Unit “Infection and Public Health” FISABIO-University of Valencia, Institute for Integrative Systems Biology I2SysBio (CSIC-UV), Av. de Catalunya 21, 46020 Valencia, Spain
| | - Beatriz Rojo-Bezares
- Área de Microbiología Molecular, Centro de Investigación Biomédica de La Rioja (CIBIR), C/Piqueras 98, 26006 Logroño, Spain
| | - Yolanda Sáenz
- Área de Microbiología Molecular, Centro de Investigación Biomédica de La Rioja (CIBIR), C/Piqueras 98, 26006 Logroño, Spain
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Hussain A, Kumar SHK, Prathiviraj R, Kumar AA, Renjith K, Kiran GS, Selvin J. The genome of Symbiodiniaceae-associated Stutzerimonas frequens CAM01 reveals a broad spectrum of antibiotic resistance genes indicating anthropogenic drift in the Palk Bay coral reef of south-eastern India. Arch Microbiol 2023; 205:319. [PMID: 37626254 DOI: 10.1007/s00203-023-03656-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2023] [Accepted: 08/09/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023]
Abstract
An increase in antibiotic pollution in reef areas will lead to the emergence of antibiotic-resistant bacteria, leading to ecological disturbances in the sensitive coral holobiont. This study provides insights into the genome of antibiotics-resistant Stutzerimonas frequens CAM01, isolated from Favites-associated Symbiodiniaceae of a near-shore polluted reef of Palk Bay, India. The draft genome contains 4.67 Mbp in size with 52 contigs. Further genome analysis revealed the presence of four antibiotic-resistant genes, namely, adeF, rsmA, APH (3")-Ib, and APH (6)-Id that provide resistance by encoding resistance-nodulation-cell division (RND) antibiotic efflux pump and aminoglycoside phosphotransferase. The isolate showed resistance against 73% of the antibiotics tested, concurrent with the predicted AMR genes. Four secondary metabolites, namely Aryl polyene, NRPS-independent-siderophore, terpenes, and ectoine were detected in the isolate, which may play a role in virulence and pathogenicity adaptation in microbes. This study provides key insights into the genome of Stutzerimonas frequens CAM01 and highlights the emergence of antibiotic-resistant bacteria in coral reef ecosystems.
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Grants
- BT/PR40420/NDB/39/741/2020. Department of Biotechnology, Ministry of Science and Technology, India
- BT/PR40420/NDB/39/741/2020. Department of Biotechnology, Ministry of Science and Technology, India
- BT/PR40420/NDB/39/741/2020. Department of Biotechnology, Ministry of Science and Technology, India
- BT/PR40420/NDB/39/741/2020. Department of Biotechnology, Ministry of Science and Technology, India
- BT/PR40420/NDB/39/741/2020. Department of Biotechnology, Ministry of Science and Technology, India
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Affiliation(s)
- Afreen Hussain
- Department of Microbiology, Pondicherry University, Kalapet, Puducherry, 605014, India
| | - S Hari Krishna Kumar
- Department of Microbiology, Pondicherry University, Kalapet, Puducherry, 605014, India
| | - R Prathiviraj
- Department of Microbiology, Pondicherry University, Kalapet, Puducherry, 605014, India
| | - Ashish Ashwin Kumar
- Department of Microbiology, Pondicherry University, Kalapet, Puducherry, 605014, India
| | - Kalyani Renjith
- Department of Microbiology, Pondicherry University, Kalapet, Puducherry, 605014, India
| | - G Seghal Kiran
- Department of Food Science and Technology, School of Life Sciences, Pondicherry University, Puducherry, India
| | - Joseph Selvin
- Department of Microbiology, Pondicherry University, Kalapet, Puducherry, 605014, India.
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Dikoumba AC, Onanga R, Mangouka LG, Boundenga L, Ngoungou EB, Godreuil S. Molecular epidemiology of antimicrobial resistance in central africa: A systematic review. Access Microbiol 2023; 5:acmi000556.v5. [PMID: 37691840 PMCID: PMC10484317 DOI: 10.1099/acmi.0.000556.v5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2023] [Accepted: 07/21/2023] [Indexed: 09/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Background In Central Africa, it is difficult to tackle antibiotic resistance, because of a lack of data and information on bacterial resistance, due to the low number of studies carried out in the field. To fill this gap, we carried out a systematic review of the various studies, and devised a molecular epidemiology of antimicrobial resistance from humans, animals and the environmental samples. Method A systematic search of all publications from 2005 to 2020 on bacterial resistance in Central Africa (Gabon, Cameroon, Democratic Republic of Congo, Central African Republic, Chad, Republic of Congo, Equatorial Guinea, São Tomé and Príncipe, Angola) was performed on Pubmed, Google scholar and African Journals Online (AJOL). All circulating resistance genes, prevalence and genetic carriers of these resistances were collected. The study area was limited to the nine countries of Central Africa. Results A total of 517 studies were identified through a literature search, and 60 studies carried out in eight countries were included. Among all articles included, 43 articles were from humans. Our study revealed not only the circulation of beta-lactamase and carbapenemase genes, but also several other types of resistance genes. To finish, we noticed that some studies reported mobile genetic elements such as integrons, transposons, and plasmids. Conclusion The scarcity of data poses difficulties in the implementation of effective strategies against antibiotic resistance, which requires a health policy in a 'One Health' approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annicet-Clotaire Dikoumba
- Département de biologie médicale, Hôpital d’Instruction des Armées Omar Bongo Ondimba, B.P 20404 Libreville, Gabon
- Unité de recherche et d’Analyses Médicales (URAM), Centre Interdisciplinaire de Recherches Médicales de Franceville (CIRMF), B.P. 679 Franceville, Gabon
| | - Richard Onanga
- Unité de recherche et d’Analyses Médicales (URAM), Centre Interdisciplinaire de Recherches Médicales de Franceville (CIRMF), B.P. 679 Franceville, Gabon
| | - Laurette G. Mangouka
- Département de Médecine, Hôpital d’Instruction des Armées Omar Bongo Ondimba, B.P 20404 Libreville, Gabon
| | - Larson Boundenga
- Groupe Evolution et Transmission Inter-espèces des Pathogènes, Département de Parasitologie du Centre Interdisciplinaire de Recherches Médicales de Franceville (CIRMF), Franceville, Gabon
- Unité Maladies Émergentes Virales, Département de Virologie du Centre Interdisciplinaire de Recherches Médicales de Franceville (CIRMF), Franceville, Gabon
| | - Edgard-Brice Ngoungou
- Unité de Recherche en Epidémiologie des Maladies Chroniques et Santé Environnement (UREMCSE), Département d’Epidémiologie, Biostatistiques et Informatique Médicale (DEBIM), Faculté de Médecine, Université des Sciences de la Santé, BP 4009 Libreville, Gabon
| | - Sylvain Godreuil
- Laboratoire de Bactériologie, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Montpellier, 191 Avenue du Doyen Gaston Giraud, 34 295 Montpellier Cedex 5, France
- MIVEGEC, IRD, CNRS, Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
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Food for Thought: Proteomics for Meat Safety. Life (Basel) 2023; 13:life13020255. [PMID: 36836616 PMCID: PMC9966529 DOI: 10.3390/life13020255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2022] [Revised: 01/13/2023] [Accepted: 01/14/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Foodborne bacteria interconnect food and human health. Despite significant progress in food safety regulation, bacterial contamination is still a serious public health concern and the reason for significant commercial losses. The screening of the microbiome in meals is one of the main aspects of food production safety influencing the health of the end-consumers. Our research provides an overview of proteomics findings in the field of food safety made over the last decade. It was believed that proteomics offered an accurate snapshot of the complex networks of the major biological machines called proteins. The proteomic methods for the detection of pathogens were armed with bioinformatics algorithms, allowing us to map the data onto the genome and transcriptome. The mechanisms of the interaction between bacteria and their environment were elucidated with unprecedented sensitivity, specificity, and depth. Using our web-based tool ScanBious for automated publication analysis, we analyzed over 48,000 scientific articles on antibiotic and disinfectant resistance and highlighted the benefits of proteomics for the food safety field. The most promising approach to studying safety in food production is the combination of classical genomic and metagenomic approaches and the advantages provided by proteomic methods with the use of panoramic and targeted mass spectrometry.
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Ahmed OB. Detection of Antibiotic Resistance Genes in Pseudomonas aeruginosa by Whole Genome Sequencing. Infect Drug Resist 2022; 15:6703-6709. [PMID: 36425153 PMCID: PMC9680685 DOI: 10.2147/idr.s389959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2022] [Accepted: 11/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Multidrug-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa has become a hazard to public health, making medical treatment challenging and ineffective. Whole-genome sequencing for antibiotic susceptibility testing offers a powerful replacement for conventional microbiological methods. OBJECTIVE The present study evaluated the presence of antibiotic resistance genes in selected clinical strains of P. aeruginosa using whole-genome sequencing for antibiotic susceptibility testing. RESULTS Whole-genome sequencing of P. aeruginosa susceptible to common antibiotics showed the presence of 4 antibiotic resistance gene types, fosA, catB7, blaPAO, and blaOXA-50. Whole genome sequencing of resistant or multidrug-resistant P. aeruginosa showed the presence of multiple ARGs, such as sul1, aac(3)-Ic, blaPAO, blaGES-1, blaGES-5 aph (3')-XV, blaOXA-50, aacA4, catB7, aph(3')-IIb, aadA6, fosA, tet(G), cmlA1, aac(6')Ib-cr, and rmtF. CONCLUSION The acquisition of antibiotic resistance genes was found to depend on the resistance of Pseudomonas to antibiotics. The strain with the highest resistance to antibiotics had the highest acquisition of antibiotic resistance genes. MDR-P. aeruginosa produces antibiotic resistance genes against aminoglycoside, β-lactam, fluoroquinolones, sulfonamides, phenicol, and fosfomycin antibiotics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omar B Ahmed
- Department of Environmental and Health Research, The Custodian of the Two Holy Mosques Institute of Hajj and Umrah Research, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
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de Carvalho FM, Valiatti TB, Santos FF, Silveira ACDO, Guimarães APC, Gerber AL, Souza CDO, Cassu Corsi D, Brasiliense DM, Castelo-Branco DDSCM, Anzai EK, Bessa-Neto FO, Guedes GMDM, de Souza GHDA, Lemos LN, Ferraz LFC, Bahia MDNM, Vaz MSM, da Silva RGB, Veiga R, Simionatto S, Monteiro WAP, Lima WADO, Kiffer CRV, Campos Pignatari AC, Cayô R, de Vasconcelos ATR, Gales AC. Exploring the Bacteriome and Resistome of Humans and Food-Producing Animals in Brazil. Microbiol Spectr 2022; 10:e0056522. [PMID: 35993730 PMCID: PMC9602611 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.00565-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2022] [Accepted: 07/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The epidemiology of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is complex, with multiple interfaces (human-animal-environment). In this context, One Health surveillance is essential for understanding the distribution of microorganisms and antimicrobial resistance genes (ARGs). This report describes a multicentric study undertaken to evaluate the bacterial communities and resistomes of food-producing animals (cattle, poultry, and swine) and healthy humans sampled simultaneously from five Brazilian regions. Metagenomic analysis showed that a total of 21,029 unique species were identified in 107 rectal swabs collected from distinct hosts, the highest numbers of which belonged to the domain Bacteria, mainly Ruminiclostridium spp. and Bacteroides spp., and the order Enterobacterales. We detected 405 ARGs for 12 distinct antimicrobial classes. Genes encoding antibiotic-modifying enzymes were the most frequent, followed by genes related to target alteration and efflux systems. Interestingly, carbapenemase-encoding genes such as blaAIM-1, blaCAM-1, blaGIM-2, and blaHMB-1 were identified in distinct hosts. Our results revealed that, in general, the bacterial communities from humans were present in isolated clusters, except for the Northeastern region, where an overlap of the bacterial species from humans and food-producing animals was observed. Additionally, a large resistome was observed among all analyzed hosts, with emphasis on the presence of carbapenemase-encoding genes not previously reported in Latin America. IMPORTANCE Humans and food production animals have been reported to be important reservoirs of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) genes (ARGs). The frequency of these multidrug-resistant (MDR) bacteria tends to be higher in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs), due mainly to a lack of public health policies. Although studies on AMR in humans or animals have been carried out in Brazil, this is the first multicenter study that simultaneously collected rectal swabs from humans and food-producing animals for metagenomics. Our results indicate high microbial diversity among all analyzed hosts, and several ARGs for different antimicrobial classes were also found. As far as we know, we have detected for the first time ARGs encoding carbapenemases, such as blaAIM-1, blaCAM-1, blaGIM-2, and blaHMB-1, in Latin America. Thus, our results support the importance of metagenomics as a tool to track the colonization of food-producing animals and humans by antimicrobial-resistant bacteria. In addition, a network surveillance system called GUARANI, created for this study, is ready to be expanded and to collect additional data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabíola Marques de Carvalho
- Bioinformatics Laboratory, National Laboratory of Scientific Computing (LNCC), Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Tiago Barcelos Valiatti
- Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), Laboratório Alerta, Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Escola Paulista de Medicina (EPM), São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Fernanda Fernandes Santos
- Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), Laboratório Alerta, Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Escola Paulista de Medicina (EPM), São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Ana Paula C. Guimarães
- Bioinformatics Laboratory, National Laboratory of Scientific Computing (LNCC), Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Alexandra Lehmkuhl Gerber
- Bioinformatics Laboratory, National Laboratory of Scientific Computing (LNCC), Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Cintya de Oliveira Souza
- Seção de Bacteriologia e Micologia, Instituto Evandro Chagas (IEC), Secretaria de Vigilância em Saúde (SVS), Ministério da Saúde, Ananindeua, Pará, Brazil
| | - Dandara Cassu Corsi
- Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), Laboratório Alerta, Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Escola Paulista de Medicina (EPM), São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Danielle Murici Brasiliense
- Seção de Bacteriologia e Micologia, Instituto Evandro Chagas (IEC), Secretaria de Vigilância em Saúde (SVS), Ministério da Saúde, Ananindeua, Pará, Brazil
| | | | | | - Francisco Ozório Bessa-Neto
- Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), Laboratório Alerta, Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Escola Paulista de Medicina (EPM), São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
- Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), Laboratório de Imunologia e Bacteriologia (LIB), Setor de Biologia Molecular, Microbiologia e Imunologia, Departamento de Ciências Biológicas (DCB), Instituto de Ciências Ambientais, Químicas e Farmacêuticas (ICAQF), Diadema, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Glaucia Morgana de Melo Guedes
- Postgraduate Program in Medical Microbiology, Group of Applied Medical Microbiology, Federal University of Ceará (UFC), Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| | | | - Leandro Nascimento Lemos
- Bioinformatics Laboratory, National Laboratory of Scientific Computing (LNCC), Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Lúcio Fábio Caldas Ferraz
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Microorganisms, University São Francisco (USF), Bragança Paulista, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Márcia de Nazaré Miranda Bahia
- Seção de Bacteriologia e Micologia, Instituto Evandro Chagas (IEC), Secretaria de Vigilância em Saúde (SVS), Ministério da Saúde, Ananindeua, Pará, Brazil
| | - Márcia Soares Mattos Vaz
- Universidade Federal da Grande Dourados (UFGD), Laboratório de Pesquisa em Ciências da Saúde, Dourados, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil
| | - Ramon Giovani Brandão da Silva
- Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), Laboratório Alerta, Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Escola Paulista de Medicina (EPM), São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
- Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), Laboratório de Imunologia e Bacteriologia (LIB), Setor de Biologia Molecular, Microbiologia e Imunologia, Departamento de Ciências Biológicas (DCB), Instituto de Ciências Ambientais, Químicas e Farmacêuticas (ICAQF), Diadema, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ruanita Veiga
- Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), Laboratório Alerta, Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Escola Paulista de Medicina (EPM), São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Simone Simionatto
- Universidade Federal da Grande Dourados (UFGD), Laboratório de Pesquisa em Ciências da Saúde, Dourados, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil
| | | | - William Alencar de Oliveira Lima
- Seção de Bacteriologia e Micologia, Instituto Evandro Chagas (IEC), Secretaria de Vigilância em Saúde (SVS), Ministério da Saúde, Ananindeua, Pará, Brazil
| | - Carlos Roberto Veiga Kiffer
- Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), Laboratório Especial de Microbiologia Clínica (LEMC), Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Escola Paulista de Medicina (EPM), São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Antonio Carlos Campos Pignatari
- Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), Laboratório Especial de Microbiologia Clínica (LEMC), Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Escola Paulista de Medicina (EPM), São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo Cayô
- Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), Laboratório Alerta, Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Escola Paulista de Medicina (EPM), São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
- Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), Laboratório de Imunologia e Bacteriologia (LIB), Setor de Biologia Molecular, Microbiologia e Imunologia, Departamento de Ciências Biológicas (DCB), Instituto de Ciências Ambientais, Químicas e Farmacêuticas (ICAQF), Diadema, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Ana Cristina Gales
- Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), Laboratório Alerta, Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Escola Paulista de Medicina (EPM), São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
- Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), Laboratório Especial de Microbiologia Clínica (LEMC), Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Escola Paulista de Medicina (EPM), São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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11
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Pu M, Li Y, Han P, Lin W, Geng R, Qu F, An X, Song L, Tong Y, Zhang S, Cai Z, Fan H. Genomic characterization of a new phage BUCT541 against Klebsiella pneumoniae K1-ST23 and efficacy assessment in mouse and Galleria mellonella larvae. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:950737. [PMID: 36187954 PMCID: PMC9523250 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.950737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2022] [Accepted: 07/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Over the past decades, the spread of multi-drug-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae (MDR-KP) is becoming a new threat and new effective therapies against this pathogen are needed. Bacteriophage (phage) therapy is considered to be a promising alternative treatment for MDR-KP infections compared with antibacterial drug usage. Here, we reported a new phage BUCT541 which can lyse MDR-KP ST23. The genome of BUCT541 is a double-stranded linear 46,100-bp long DNA molecule with 48% GC content through the Next generation sequencing (NGS) data. A total of 81 open reading frames and no virulence or antimicrobial resistance genes are annotated in the BUCT541 genome. BUCT541 was able to lyse 7 of the 30 tested MDR-KP according to the host range analysis. And the seven sensitive strains belonged to the K. pneumoniae K1-ST23. BUCT541 exhibited high thermal stability (4–70°C) and broad pH tolerance (pH 3-11) in the stability test. The in vivo results showed that BUCT541 (4 × 105 plaque-forming units (PFU)/each) significantly increased the survival rate of K. pneumoniae infected Galleria mellonella from 5.3% to 83.3% within 48 h. Moreover, in the mouse lung infection model, high doses of BUCT541 (2 × 107 PFU/each) cured 100% of BALB/c mice that were infected with K. pneumoniae. After 30 h of treatment with phage BUCT541 of the multiplicity of infection (MOI) = 10, the K. pneumoniae in the lungs of mice was lower than 104 CFU/mL, compared to the control group 109 CFU/mL. Together, these findings indicate that phage BUCT541 holds great promise as an alternative therapy with excellent stability and a wide lysis range for the treatment of MDR-KP ST23 infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingfang Pu
- College of Life Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Yahao Li
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering (BAIC-SM), Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Pengjun Han
- College of Life Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Wei Lin
- College of Life Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, China
| | | | - Fen Qu
- Aviation General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoping An
- College of Life Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Lihua Song
- College of Life Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Yigang Tong
- College of Life Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, China
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering (BAIC-SM), Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Shuyan Zhang
- Department of Medical Technology Support, Jingdong Medical District of Chinese People's Liberation Army of China General Hospital, Beijing, China
- Shuyan Zhang
| | - Zhen Cai
- Aviation General Hospital, Beijing, China
- Zhen Cai
| | - Huahao Fan
- College of Life Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Huahao Fan
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12
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Characterization and Comparative Genomics Analysis of a New Bacteriophage BUCT610 against Klebsiella pneumoniae and Efficacy Assessment in Galleria mellonella Larvae. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23148040. [PMID: 35887393 PMCID: PMC9321532 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23148040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2022] [Revised: 07/13/2022] [Accepted: 07/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The spread of multidrug-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae (MDR-KP) has become an emerging threat as a result of the overuse of antibiotics. Bacteriophage (phage) therapy is considered to be a promising alternative treatment for MDR-KP infection compared with antibiotic therapy. In this research, a lytic phage BUCT610 was isolated from hospital sewage. The assembled genome of BUCT610 was 46,774 bp in length, with a GC content of 48%. A total of 83 open reading frames (ORFs) and no virulence or antimicrobial resistance genes were annotated in the BUCT610 genome. Comparative genomics and phylogenetic analyses showed that BUCT610 was most closely linked with the Vibrio phage pYD38-A and shared 69% homology. In addition, bacteriophage BUCT610 exhibited excellent thermal stability (4–75 °C) and broad pH tolerance (pH 3–12) in the stability test. In vivo investigation results showed that BUCT610 significantly increased the survival rate of Klebsiella pneumonia-infected Galleria mellonella larvae from 13.33% to 83.33% within 72 h. In conclusion, these findings indicate that phage BUCT610 holds great promise as an alternative agent with excellent stability for the treatment of MDR-KP infection.
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13
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Rebelo AR, Bortolaia V, Leekitcharoenphon P, Hansen DS, Nielsen HL, Ellermann-Eriksen S, Kemp M, Røder BL, Frimodt-Møller N, Søndergaard TS, Coia JE, Østergaard C, Westh H, Aarestrup FM. One Day in Denmark: Comparison of Phenotypic and Genotypic Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing in Bacterial Isolates From Clinical Settings. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:804627. [PMID: 35756053 PMCID: PMC9226621 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.804627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2021] [Accepted: 05/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Antimicrobial susceptibility testing (AST) should be fast and accurate, leading to proper interventions and therapeutic success. Clinical microbiology laboratories rely on phenotypic methods, but the continuous improvement and decrease in the cost of whole-genome sequencing (WGS) technologies make them an attractive alternative. Studies evaluating the performance of WGS-based prediction of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) for selected bacterial species have shown promising results. There are, however, significant gaps in the literature evaluating the applicability of WGS as a diagnostics method in real-life clinical settings against the range of bacterial pathogens experienced there. Thus, we compared standard phenotypic AST results with WGS-based predictions of AMR profiles in bacterial isolates without preselection of defined species, to evaluate the applicability of WGS as a diagnostics method in clinical settings. We collected all bacterial isolates processed by all Danish Clinical Microbiology Laboratories in 1 day. We randomly selected 500 isolates without any preselection of species. We performed AST through standard broth microdilution (BMD) for 488 isolates (n = 6,487 phenotypic AST results) and compared results with in silico antibiograms obtained through WGS (Illumina NextSeq) followed by bioinformatics analyses using ResFinder 4.0 (n = 5,229 comparisons). A higher proportion of AMR was observed for Gram-negative bacteria (10.9%) than for Gram-positive bacteria (6.1%). Comparison of BMD with WGS data yielded a concordance of 91.7%, with discordant results mainly due to phenotypically susceptible isolates harboring genetic AMR determinants. These cases correspond to 6.2% of all isolate-antimicrobial combinations analyzed and to 6.8% of all phenotypically susceptible combinations. We detected fewer cases of phenotypically resistant isolates without any known genetic resistance mechanism, particularly 2.1% of all combinations analyzed, which corresponded to 26.4% of all detected phenotypic resistances. Most discordances were observed for specific combinations of species-antimicrobial: macrolides and tetracycline in streptococci, ciprofloxacin and β-lactams in combination with β-lactamase inhibitors in Enterobacterales, and most antimicrobials in Pseudomonas aeruginosa. WGS has the potential to be used for surveillance and routine clinical microbiology. However, in clinical microbiology settings and especially for certain species and antimicrobial agent combinations, further developments in AMR gene databases are needed to ensure higher concordance between in silico predictions and expected phenotypic AMR profiles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Rita Rebelo
- National Food Institute, Technical University of Denmark, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Valeria Bortolaia
- National Food Institute, Technical University of Denmark, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark.,Department of Bacteria, Parasites and Fungi, Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | | | - Hans Linde Nielsen
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark.,Department of Clinical Medicine, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark
| | | | - Michael Kemp
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
| | - Bent Løwe Røder
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Slagelse Hospital, Slagelse, Denmark
| | | | | | - John Eugenio Coia
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Hospital of South West Jutland, Esbjerg, Denmark
| | - Claus Østergaard
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Vejle Hospital, Vejle, Denmark
| | - Henrik Westh
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Hvidovre Hospital, Copenhagen University Hospital - Amager and Hvidovre, Hvidovre, Denmark.,Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Frank M Aarestrup
- National Food Institute, Technical University of Denmark, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
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14
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Wee WY, Chew XY, Taheri S, Tan XL, Teo CH. Whole genome sequencing and phylogenomic analyses of a novel glufosinate-tolerant Pseudomonas species. 3 Biotech 2022; 12:123. [PMID: 35547011 PMCID: PMC9038976 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-022-03185-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2021] [Accepted: 04/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
A novel glufosinate-tolerant Pseudomonas sp. LA21, was isolated from soil samples of an oil palm plantation with a long history of glufosinate application. The genome of Pseudomonas sp. LA21 was sequenced with 150 bp paired-end conducted using Illumina sequencing technology. De novo genome assembly was performed using SPAdes, ABySS, and Velvet assemblers. Phylogenetic analysis using 16S rRNA gene sequence showed that Pseudomonas sp. LA21 was closely related to Pseudomonas nitroreducens ATCC 33634. Multilocus sequence analysis (MLSA) based on four bacterial housekeeping genes (16S rRNA, gyr B, rpo B, and rpo D) was conducted together with 138 reference genomes of Pseudomonas species. The phylogenetic tree derived from MLSA analysis using concatenated 16S rRNA-gryB-rpoD-rpoB sequences grouped Pseudomonas sp. LA21 under Pseudomonas aeruginosa group and Pseudomonas nitroreducens subgroup. Detailed phylogenomic analysis using average nucleotide identity (ANI) and genome-to-genome distance calculator (GGDC) approaches showed that Pseudomonas sp. LA21 could be classified as a novel Pseudomonas species. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s13205-022-03185-4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Yee Wee
- School of Science, Monash University Malaysia, 47500 Subang Jaya, Malaysia
| | - Xin Yi Chew
- School of Science, Monash University Malaysia, 47500 Subang Jaya, Malaysia
| | - Sima Taheri
- Centre for Research in Biotechnology for Agriculture (CEBAR), Universiti Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Xue Li Tan
- Centre for Research in Biotechnology for Agriculture (CEBAR), Universiti Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Chee How Teo
- Centre for Research in Biotechnology for Agriculture (CEBAR), Universiti Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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15
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Koçak E, Nigiz Ş, Özkan E, Erdoğan Kablan S, Hazirolan G, Nemutlu E, Kır S, Sağıroğlu M, Özkul C. Exometabolomic Analysis of Susceptible and Multi-Drug Resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Lett Appl Microbiol 2022; 75:234-242. [PMID: 35419823 DOI: 10.1111/lam.13719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2021] [Revised: 03/10/2022] [Accepted: 04/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Multidrug resistant (MDR) Pseudomonas aeruginosa strains have recently become one of the major public health concerns worldwide leading to difficulties in selecting appropriate antibiotic treatment. Thus, it is important to elucidate the characteristics of MDR isolates. Herein, we aimed to determine the unique exometabolome profile of P. aeruginosa clinical isolates in monocultures that comprise high resistance to multiple antibiotics, and compare the differential metabolite profiles obtained from susceptible isolates by using GC/MS. Our results showed that partial least square-discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) score plot clearly discriminated the MDR and susceptible isolates indicating the altered exometabolite profiles, and highlighted the significantly enriched levels of trehalose and glutamic acid in MDR isolates. Expression of trehalose synthase (treS) was also 1.5 fold higher in MDR isolates, relatively to susceptible isolates. Overall, our study provides insights into the distinct footprints of MDR P. aeruginosa isolates in mono-culture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Engin Koçak
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Gulhane Pharmacy, Health Sciences University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Şeyma Nigiz
- Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Ece Özkan
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Başkent University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Sevilay Erdoğan Kablan
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Gülşen Hazirolan
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Emirhan Nemutlu
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Sedef Kır
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Meral Sağıroğlu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Ceren Özkul
- Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
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16
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Ren X, Tian B, Wang L, Tan Y, Huang Y, Jiang X, Liu Y. Metabolomics integrated with transcriptomics reveals the changes during developmental stages in Shiraia bambusicola. J Basic Microbiol 2022; 62:721-739. [PMID: 35289436 DOI: 10.1002/jobm.202200008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2022] [Revised: 02/08/2022] [Accepted: 02/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Shiraia bambusicola is a fungus with high economic value widely used in medicine, agriculture, and food. We wished to understand the genes and metabolites changes involved in the different developmental stages of S. bambusicola. So, to reveal key genes and metabolites in the main active metabolite, the were analyzed in different developmental stages of S. bambusicola fruiting body. A total of 29,137 Unigenes were annotated. In the whole growth process, differentially expressed genes were involved in the pathways of cytochrome P450, transcription factors, transporters, and so on, while in the early stage of growth, genes enriching to synthesis pathways of basic substances. In the middle stage of growth, genes with more prominent changes were involved in the pathways of the cell cycle, cancer mechanisms, and aminobenzoate degradation; in the later stage of growth, differentially expressed genes that enriched synthesis pathways of secondary metabolites. A total of 612 metabolites were detected from different growth stages of S. bambusicola. Among them, coumarins, alkaloids, rutin, liquiritigenin, quercetin, and other medically relevant metabolites were detected for the first time. We have identified 31 secondary metabolites, relevantly only accumulated in the early and middle stage, but not detected in the later stage, such as flavonols, coumarins, nucleotides and its derivates and hydroxycinnamoyl derivatives. The differential genes and metabolites of the same group were enriched in 127 pathways, and more significantly in ubiquinone and other terpenoid quinone biosynthesis, phenylalanine metabolism, phenylalanine, tyrosine and tryptophan biosynthesis, and phenylpropanoid biosynthesis. The correlation networks of several significantly enriched pathways were analyzed, and the relationships within and between these pathways, genes, and metabolites, were analyzed. The synthetic pathway of hypocrellin has been speculated upon. We believe that hypocrellin is synthesized in S. bambusicola via the shikimic acid pathway followed by phenylalanine, tyrosine, and tryptophan biosynthesis pathway, then the ubiquinone and other terpenoid quinone biosynthesis pathway, and finally a series of polymerization and modification reactions. Several genes and metabolites involved in the biosynthesis of hypocrellin have been identified. This study provides a reference for further research on S. bambusicola, by providing a basis for its use and development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiyi Ren
- College of Agriculture, Guizhou University, Guiyang, Guizhou, China.,Institute of Biotechnology, Guizhou Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guiyang, Guizhou, China.,Guizhou Key Laboratory of Agricultural Biotechnology, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
| | - Bing Tian
- Animal Epidemic Disease Prevention and Control Monitoring Station of Zunyi, Zunyi, Guizhou, China
| | - Luo Wang
- Institute of Biotechnology, Guizhou Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guiyang, Guizhou, China.,Guizhou Key Laboratory of Agricultural Biotechnology, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
| | - Yumei Tan
- Institute of Biotechnology, Guizhou Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guiyang, Guizhou, China.,Guizhou Key Laboratory of Agricultural Biotechnology, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
| | - Yonghui Huang
- Institute of Biotechnology, Guizhou Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guiyang, Guizhou, China.,Guizhou Key Laboratory of Agricultural Biotechnology, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
| | - Xuanli Jiang
- College of Agriculture, Guizhou University, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
| | - Yongxiang Liu
- Institute of Biotechnology, Guizhou Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guiyang, Guizhou, China.,Guizhou Key Laboratory of Agricultural Biotechnology, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
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17
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Li Y, Heal K, Wang S, Cao S, Zhou C. Chemodiversity of Soil Dissolved Organic Matter and Its Association With Soil Microbial Communities Along a Chronosequence of Chinese Fir Monoculture Plantations. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:729344. [PMID: 34745032 PMCID: PMC8566896 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.729344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2021] [Accepted: 09/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The total dissolved organic matter (DOM) content of soil changes after vegetation transformation, but the diversity of the underlying chemical composition has not been explored in detail. Characterizing the molecular diversity of DOM and its fate enables a better understanding of the soil quality of monoculture forest plantations. This study characterized the chemodiversity of soil DOM, assessed the variation of the soil microbial community composition, and identified specific linkages between DOM molecules and microbial community composition in soil samples from a 100-year chronosequence of Chinese fir monoculture plantations. With increasing plantation age, soil total carbon and dissolved organic carbon first decreased and then increased, while soil nutrients, such as available potassium and phosphorus and total nitrogen, potassium, and phosphorus, increased significantly. Lignin/carboxylic-rich alicyclic molecule (CRAM)-like structures accounted for the largest proportion of DOM, while aliphatic/proteins and carbohydrates showed a decreasing trend along the chronosequence. DOM high in H/C (such as lipids and aliphatic/proteins) degraded preferentially, while low-H/C DOM (such as lignin/CRAM-like structures and tannins) showed recalcitrance during stand development. Soil bacterial richness and diversity increased significantly as stand age increased, while soil fungal diversity tended to increase during early stand development and then decrease. The soil microbial community had a complex connectivity and strong interaction with DOM during stand development. Most bacterial phyla, such as Acidobacteria, Chloroflexi, and Firmicutes, were very significantly and positively correlated with DOM molecules. However, Verrucomicrobia and almost all fungi, such as Basidiomycota and Ascomycota, were significantly negatively correlated with DOM molecules. Overall, the community of soil microorganisms interacted closely with the compositional variability of DOM in the monoculture plantations investigated, both by producing and consuming DOM. This suggests that DOM is not intrinsically recalcitrant but instead persists in soils as a result of simultaneous consumption, transformation, and formation by soil microorganisms with extended stand ages of Chinese fir plantations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Li
- University Engineering Research Center of Sustainable Plantation Management, Forestry College, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China.,Institute of Quality Standards and Testing Technology for Agro-Products, Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Fuzhou, China
| | - Kate Heal
- School of GeoSciences, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Shuzhen Wang
- University Engineering Research Center of Sustainable Plantation Management, Forestry College, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Sheng Cao
- University Engineering Research Center of Sustainable Plantation Management, Forestry College, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Chuifan Zhou
- University Engineering Research Center of Sustainable Plantation Management, Forestry College, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
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18
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Dharshini RS, Manickam R, Curtis WR, Rathinasabapathi P, Ramya M. Genome analysis of alginate synthesizing Pseudomonas aeruginosa strain SW1 isolated from degraded seaweeds. Antonie van Leeuwenhoek 2021; 114:2205-2217. [PMID: 34661815 DOI: 10.1007/s10482-021-01673-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2021] [Accepted: 10/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Pseudomonas aeruginosa strain SW1 is an aerobic, motile, Gram-negative, and rod-shaped bacterium isolated from degraded seaweeds. Based on the 16S rRNA gene sequence and MALDI TOF analysis, strain SW1 exhibits 100% similarity to P. aeruginosa DSM 50,071, its closest phylogenetic neighbor. The complete genome of strain SW1 consists of a single circular chromosome with 23,258,857 bp (G + C content of 66%), including 6734 protein-coding sequences, 8 rRNA, and 63 tRNA sequences. The genome of the P. aeruginosa SW1 contains at least 27 genes for the biosynthesis of alginate and other exopolysaccharide involved in biofilm formation. KAAS and GO analysis and functional annotation by COG and CAZymes are consistent with the biosynthesis of alginate. In addition, the presence of antimicrobial resistance, multi-efflux operon, and antibiotic inactivation genes indicate a pathogenic potential similar to strain DSM50071. The high-quality genome and associated annotation provide a starting point to exploit the potential for P. aeruginosa to produce alginate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajathirajan Siva Dharshini
- Faculty of Engineering and Technology, Molecular Genetics Laboratory, Department of Genetic Engineering, School of Bioengineering, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, Chengalpattu, Tamil Nadu, 603203, India
| | - Ranjani Manickam
- SRM-DBT Platform for Advanced Life Science Technologies, SRMIST, Chengalpattu, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, 603203, India
| | - Wayne R Curtis
- Department of Chemical Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
| | - Pasupathi Rathinasabapathi
- Faculty of Engineering and Technology, Molecular Genetics Laboratory, Department of Genetic Engineering, School of Bioengineering, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, Chengalpattu, Tamil Nadu, 603203, India
| | - Mohandass Ramya
- Faculty of Engineering and Technology, Molecular Genetics Laboratory, Department of Genetic Engineering, School of Bioengineering, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, Chengalpattu, Tamil Nadu, 603203, India.
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Imipenem Resistance Mediated by blaOXA-913 Gene in Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Antibiotics (Basel) 2021; 10:antibiotics10101188. [PMID: 34680769 PMCID: PMC8532623 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics10101188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2021] [Revised: 09/27/2021] [Accepted: 09/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Treatment of infectious diseases caused by carbapenem-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa is becoming a greater challenge. This study aimed to identify the imipenem resistance mechanism in P. aeruginosa isolated from a dog. Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) was determined by the broth microdilution method according to the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute recommendations. We performed polymerase chain reaction and whole-genome sequencing to detect carbapenem resistance genes. Genomic DNA of P. aeruginosa K19PSE24 was sequenced via the combined analysis of 20-kb PacBio SMRTbell and PacBio RS II. Peptide-Peptide Nucleic Acid conjugates (P-PNAs) targeting the translation initiation region of blaOXA-913 were synthesized. The isolate (K19PSE24) was resistant to imipenem and piperacillin/tazobactam yet was susceptible to most of the tested antimicrobials. Whole-genome sequencing revealed that the K19PSE24 genome comprised a single contig amounting to 6,815,777 base pairs, with 65 tRNA and 12 rRNA genes. K19PSE24 belonged to sequence type 313 and carried the genes aph(3)-IIb, fosA, catB7, crpP, and blaOXA-913 (an allele deposited in GenBank but not described in the literature). K19PSE24 also carried genes encoding for virulence factors (exoenzyme T, exotoxin A, and elastase B) that are associated with adhesion, invasion, and tissue lysis. Nevertheless, we did not detect any of the previously reported carbapenem resistance genes. This is the first report of the blaOXA-913 gene in imipenem-resistant P. aeruginosa in the literature. Notably, no viable colonies were found after co-treatment with imipenem (2 µg/mL) and either of the P-PNAs (12.5 µM or 25 µM). The imipenem resistance in K19PSE24 was primarily due to blaOXA-913 gene carriage.
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Zhu Z, Yang H, Yin Z, Jing Y, Zhao Y, Fu H, Du H, Zhou D. Diversification and prevalence of the quinolone resistance crpP genes and the crpP-carrying Tn 6786-related integrative and conjugative elements in Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Virulence 2021; 12:2162-2170. [PMID: 34402737 PMCID: PMC8381794 DOI: 10.1080/21505594.2021.1962160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The quinolone resistance crpP genes can mediate decreased susceptibility to quinolones. However, diversification and prevalence of crpP genes and crpP-carrying integrative and conjugative elements (ICEs) still need to be elucidated. In this study, genome sequencing was conducted for 200 Chinese Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolates, 16 of which were fully sequenced. All the 37 available CrpP variants were collected for phylogenetic analysis, 10 CrpP enzymes were chosen to conduct cloning and antimicrobial susceptibility test, and 22 crpP-carrying Tn6786-related ICEs were selected for detail genetic dissection analysis. Then, typing/nomenclature schemes for crpP variants and crpP-carrying ICEs were established for the first time. The 10 representative CrpP enzymes were confirmed to mediate decreased susceptibility to one to three quinolones. Tn6786-related ICEs displayed high-level diversification in both nucleotide sequences and modular structures. Mainly, massive gene acquisition/loss occurred across the whole genomes of Tn6786-related ICEs. 53.5% (107/200) of the tested clinical P. aeruginosa isolates from China carried crpP genes, which were exclusively located within chromosome-borne Tn6786-related ICEs. The crpP-carrying ICEs were at active stages of evolution and had the high potential to be an important vector for the dissemination of resistance genes besides crpP. The present study furthered the understanding of the bioinformatics and epidemiology of crpP genes and crpP-carrying ICEs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhichen Zhu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Huiying Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing, China
| | - Zhe Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing, China
| | - Ying Jing
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing, China
| | - Yuee Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing, China
| | - Hongyu Fu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Hong Du
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Dongsheng Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing, China
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Díaz-Ríos C, Hernández M, Abad D, Álvarez-Montes L, Varsaki A, Iturbe D, Calvo J, Ocampo-Sosa AA. New Sequence Type ST3449 in Multidrug-Resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa Isolates from a Cystic Fibrosis Patient. Antibiotics (Basel) 2021; 10:antibiotics10050491. [PMID: 33922748 PMCID: PMC8146123 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics10050491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2021] [Revised: 04/19/2021] [Accepted: 04/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Pseudomonas aeruginosa is one of the most critical bacterial pathogens associated with chronic infections in cystic fibrosis patients. Here we show the phenotypic and genotypic characterization of five consecutive multidrug-resistant isolates of P. aeruginosa collected during a month from a CF patient with end-stage lung disease and fatal outcome. The isolates exhibited distinct colony morphologies and pigmentation and differences in their capacity to produce biofilm and virulence potential evaluated in larvae of Galleria mellonella. Whole genome-sequencing showed that isolates belonged to a novel sequence type ST3449 and serotype O6. Analysis of their resistome demonstrated the presence of genes blaOXA-396, blaPAO, aph(3')-IIb, catB, crpP and fosA and new mutations in chromosomal genes conferring resistance to different antipseudomonal antibiotics. Genes exoS, exoT, exoY, toxA, lasI, rhlI and tse1 were among the 220 virulence genes detected. The different phenotypic and genotypic features found reveal the adaptation of clone ST3449 to the CF lung environment by a number of mutations affecting genes related with biofilm formation, quorum sensing and antimicrobial resistance. Most of these mutations are commonly found in CF isolates, which may give us important clues for future development of new drug targets to combat P. aeruginosa chronic infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catalina Díaz-Ríos
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Marqués de Valdecilla (IDIVAL), 39011 Santander, Spain; (C.D.-R.); (L.Á.-M.)
| | - Marta Hernández
- Instituto Tecnológico Agrario de Castilla y León (ITACyL), 47071 Valladolid, Spain; (M.H.); (D.A.)
| | - David Abad
- Instituto Tecnológico Agrario de Castilla y León (ITACyL), 47071 Valladolid, Spain; (M.H.); (D.A.)
| | - Laura Álvarez-Montes
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Marqués de Valdecilla (IDIVAL), 39011 Santander, Spain; (C.D.-R.); (L.Á.-M.)
| | - Athanasia Varsaki
- Centro de Investigación y Formación Agraria (CIFA), 39600 Muriedas, Spain;
| | - David Iturbe
- Servicio de Neumología, Hospital Universitario Marqués de Valdecilla, 39008 Santander, Spain;
| | - Jorge Calvo
- Servicio de Microbiología, Hospital Universitario Marqués de Valdecilla, 39008 Santander, Spain;
| | - Alain A. Ocampo-Sosa
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Marqués de Valdecilla (IDIVAL), 39011 Santander, Spain; (C.D.-R.); (L.Á.-M.)
- Servicio de Microbiología, Hospital Universitario Marqués de Valdecilla, 39008 Santander, Spain;
- Correspondence:
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22
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Sambrano H, Castillo JC, Ramos CW, de Mayorga B, Chen O, Durán O, Ciniglio C, Aguilar C, Cisterna O, de Chial M. Prevalence of antibiotic resistance and virulent factors in nosocomial clinical isolates of Pseudomonas aeruginosa from Panamá. Braz J Infect Dis 2020; 25:101038. [PMID: 33285136 PMCID: PMC9392144 DOI: 10.1016/j.bjid.2020.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2020] [Revised: 10/23/2020] [Accepted: 11/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Pseudomonas aeruginosa is an important causative agent of nosocomial infections. As pathogen, P. aeruginosa is of increasing clinical importance due to its ability to develop high-level multidrug resistance (MDR). Methods The aim of the present study was to better understand the intrinsic virulence of circulating strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa, by surveying and characterizing the antibiotic resistance profiles and prevalence of virulence factors in 51 clinical isolates of P. aeruginosa obtained from children admitted to Hospital del Niño-Panamá during the period of October 2016 until March 2017. Antimicrobial susceptibilities were assessed by determining the minimum inhibitory concentration for 12 antibiotics against P. aeruginosa clinical isolates using the VITEK system (https://www.biomerieux.com). Additionally, all isolates were examined by Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) for the presence of components of the MexAB-OprM efflux pump system (mexABR) and pyoverdine receptor genes and betalactamases resistance genes (ESBL) using gene-specific primers. Results A total of 51 pyoverdine producing clinical isolates were analyzed, all of which expressed resistance genes such as genes of the MexAB-OprM efflux pump system (mexABR) and pyoverdine receptor genes (fpvA). Out of 51 MDR isolates, 22 were ESBL producers. The most common ESBL gene was blaTEM expressed by 43% of the isolates. The isolates tested in this study showed increased resistance to antibiotics in the following categories: (i) penicillins (ampicillin (69%), piperacillin (22%); (ii) pyrimethamines (trimethoprim, 65%); (iii) nitrofurans (nitrofurantoin, 63%), and (iv) third-generation cephalosporin cefotaxime (53%). These results underscore a high prevalence of MDR amongst clinical isolates from Panama. Conclusions The present study indicates that prevalence of BlaTEM-carrying strains is increasing with subsequent multidrug resistance in Panamá and as well reported worldwide. The virulent factors identified in this study provide valuable information regarding the prevalence of resistance genes and their potential impact on treatments that exploit the unique physiology of the pathogen. To prevent further spread of MDR, the proportions of resistant strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa should be constantly evaluated on healthcare institutions of Panamá. More importantly, this information can be used to better understand the evolution and dissemination of strains hoping to prevent the development of resistance in Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Future studies quantifying the expression of these virulent genes will emphasize on the acquisition of multidrug resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Héctor Sambrano
- Universidad de Panamá, Programa de Maestría en Ciencias Biológicas, Panama
| | - Julio César Castillo
- Universidad de Panamá, Escuela de Biología, Departmento de Genética y Biología Molecular, Panama; Instituto de Investigaciones Científicas y Servicios de Alta Tecnología de Panamá (INDICASAT-AIP), Panama
| | - Carlos W Ramos
- Universidad de Panamá, Escuela de Biología, Departmento de Genética y Biología Molecular, Panama
| | - Brenda de Mayorga
- Universidad de Panamá, Escuela de Biología, Departmento de Microbiología y Parasitología, Panama
| | - Olga Chen
- Universidad de Panamá, Escuela de Biología, Departmento de Genética y Biología Molecular, Panama
| | - Ovidio Durán
- Universidad de Panamá, Escuela de Biología, Departmento de Genética y Biología Molecular, Panama
| | - Carmelo Ciniglio
- Universidad de Panamá, Escuela de Biología, Departmento de Genética y Biología Molecular, Panama
| | - Criseida Aguilar
- Universidad de Panamá, Escuela de Biología, Departmento de Genética y Biología Molecular, Panama
| | | | - Magaly de Chial
- Universidad de Panamá, Escuela de Biología, Departmento de Genética y Biología Molecular, Panama.
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