Memantine effects on ingestion microstructure and the effect of administration time: A within-subject study

Further characterization of the effect of the prototypical antidepressant imipramine on the microstructure of licking for sucrose

We previously reported that treatment with the prototypical antidepressant imipramine induced a dose-dependent reduction of the ingestion of a 10% sucrose solution, due to reduction of the licking burst number, thus suggesting reduced motivation and/or increased satiation. Importantly, the experimental sessions were performed in an alternate order, either 1-h or 24-h after imipramine administration. The observation that imipramine effect was more pronounced in the “1-h after-treatment” sessions, i.e. at the time of the brain drug C_max, led us to suggest that it was likely related to brain drug levels at testing time. However, such an experimental design does not allow to rule out the alternative possibility that the observed effect might be due to post-session administration, as previously observed with memantine. To determine whether imipramine-induced decrease of sucrose ingestion could be observed even in absence of post-session administration, we examined the effect of a daily 22 day treatment with imipramine (5, 10 and 20 mg/kg). In the first half of the treatment period all behavioural tests were performed 1-h after administration. In the second half of the treatment period, tests were performed alternatively either 1-h or 24-h after imipramine administration. The results confirm that imipramine reduces sucrose ingestion due to a reduction of the licking burst number. Most importantly, these results demonstrate that this effect does not require imipramine post-session administration, since it was present before the beginning of post-session administrations. This supports the interpretation of the reduction of sucrose ingestion as a consequence of reduced motivation and/or increased satiation. Thus, these findings, taken together with the results of our previous study, might be relevant in explaining the effects of imipramine in models of drug-seeking and in body weight gain reduction in rats, but not in accounting for the antidepressant therapeutic effect. At variance with the results of our previous study, an increase in burst size was present in the first half of the treatment period, which might be interpreted as a prohedonic effect and/or as a compensatory effect.