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Ali VO, Okolo MLO, Omatola CA, Okoye SC, Ezemba CC, Sani JU. Seroprevalence and co-infection of HBV, HCV, and HIV among patients visiting selected hospitals in Anyigba, Kogi State. J Immunoassay Immunochem 2024; 45:233-246. [PMID: 38706220 DOI: 10.1080/15321819.2024.2349009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/07/2024]
Abstract
Hepatitis B Virus (HBV), Hepatitis C Virus (HCV), and Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) remain a public health challenge globally. This study determined the prevalence and coinfection of HBV, HCV, and HIV among patients visiting Maria Goretti Hospital, Grimard Catholic Hospital, and Good News Hospital Anyigba, Kogi State. In a cross-sectional study, sera samples collected from 400 consenting patients were screened for HBV, HCV, and HIV using commercial immunodiagnostic test kits. Of the 400 subjects, 12 (3.0%), 4 (1.0%), and 16 (4.0%) were infected with HBV, HCV, and HIV, respectively. One participant was co-infected with HCV and HIV, while none was simultaneously infected with HBV and HIV. Participants aged 11-20 years had higher hepatitis B-surface antigenemia, while ages 21-30 years and 31-40 years had higher prevalence of HCV and HIV, respectively. Contrary to HBV and HCV positivity, HIV seropositivity was significantly predicted by the ages of exposure (p = 0.002). Males and females were equally infected with HBV (3.0% each), while more males than females were infected with HCV (1.5%) and HIV (4.6%). However, the difference between the occurrence of viral infections and patients' sex was not significant (p > 0.05). The single participants were more predisposed to HBV while the married subjects had more HCV and HIV mono-infection. However, neither the occurrence of HBV nor HCV or HIV was significantly predicted by the marital status of the individuals (p > 0.05). Subjects with no formal education had a higher positivity rate of HCV and HIV compared to other levels of education, while the tertiary level of education had higher exposure to HBsAg. Occupationally, students were more predisposed to HBV and HCV, while the unemployed participants were more predisposed to HIV. However, neither education nor the occupation of participants was significantly related to any of the viral infections (p > 0.05). Lack of knowledge of disease prevention significantly influenced the occurrence of HBV (p = 0.02), HCV (p = 0.04), and HIV (p = 0.04). Conclusively, the status of HBV, HCV, and HIV infection is low compared with findings of previous epidemiological studies in the area. However, the continuous circulation of the three viral infections and the high disease occurrence in the poorly informed participants suggest the need for increased public health education about infection control and prevention strategies in the area.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Constance Chinyere Ezemba
- Department of Microbiology, Chychy Gilgal Laboratory and consultancy services, Ichida, Anambra, Nigeria
| | - John Umoru Sani
- Department of Microbiology, Kogi State University, Anyigba, Kogi, Nigeria
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Ade-Ojo IP, Babatola AO, Ojo TO, Ogundare EO, Agbesanwa T, Adeniyi AT, Alao O, Olatunya OS, Fadare JO. Knowledge and Willingness to Utilize Hepatitis B Preventive Measures among Pregnant Women in Ado-Ekiti, Southwest, Nigeria. Interdiscip Perspect Infect Dis 2023; 2023:9168038. [PMID: 38025795 PMCID: PMC10667044 DOI: 10.1155/2023/9168038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2023] [Revised: 10/16/2023] [Accepted: 11/02/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Mother-to-child transmission remains an important mode of transmission of hepatitis B infection particularly in endemic areas. The knowledge and practices of pregnant women about mother-to-child transmission (MTCT) of hepatitis B virus (HBV) may influence the uptake of strategies to reduce mother-to-child transmission of infection. Objectives This study assessed the knowledge and willingness to uptake hepatitis B virus infection preventive services among pregnant women in Ado-Ekiti, Nigeria. Methods This was a cross-sectional study that involved 373 pregnant women at the Ekiti State University Teaching Hospital (EKSUTH) and Maternal Child Specialist Clinics, Ado-Ekiti, Nigeria. A structured questionnaire was used to assess their knowledge, practices, and perceptions about MTCT of hepatitis B infection. Results Only 52.5% (196) of the respondents had good knowledge, although the majority 290 (77.7%) had heard of hepatitis B infection prior to the survey. Only 147 (39.4%) of the respondents had ever had hepatitis B screening. More persons with professional jobs had good knowledge about hepatitis B infection compared with other occupations (p < 0.001). However, more respondents aged 30-34 years had poor knowledge about hepatitis B infection compared with other age groups (p = 0.045). Respondents with good knowledge about hepatitis B infection were willing to uptake hepatitis B infection prevention services (p < 0.001). Conclusion This study showed that respondents with professional jobs had good knowledge about hepatitis B infection and those who had good knowledge about the infection were willing to utilize hepatitis B preventive measures. Awareness of MTCT of HBV did not translate into good practice as only few respondents had screened for hepatitis B. There is a need to intensify education about modes of transmission of hepatitis B infection with an emphasis on promoting good preventive practices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Idowu Pius Ade-Ojo
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Ekiti State University, Ado-Ekiti, Ekiti State, Nigeria
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Ekiti State University Teaching Hospital, Ado-Ekiti, Ekiti State, Nigeria
| | - Adefunke Olarinre Babatola
- Department of Paediatrics, Ekiti State University, Ado-Ekiti, Ekiti State, Nigeria
- Department of Paediatrics, Ekiti State University Teaching Hospital, Ado-Ekiti, Ekiti State, Nigeria
| | - Temitope Olumuyiwa Ojo
- Department of Community Health, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Osun State, Nigeria
| | - Ezra Olatunde Ogundare
- Department of Paediatrics, Ekiti State University, Ado-Ekiti, Ekiti State, Nigeria
- Department of Paediatrics, Ekiti State University Teaching Hospital, Ado-Ekiti, Ekiti State, Nigeria
| | - Tosin Agbesanwa
- Department of Family Medicine, Ekiti State University, Ado-Ekiti, Ekiti State, Nigeria
| | - Adewuyi Temidayo Adeniyi
- Department of Paediatrics, Ekiti State University, Ado-Ekiti, Ekiti State, Nigeria
- Department of Paediatrics, Ekiti State University Teaching Hospital, Ado-Ekiti, Ekiti State, Nigeria
| | - Omolola Alao
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Ekiti State University Teaching Hospital, Ado-Ekiti, Ekiti State, Nigeria
| | - Oladele Simeon Olatunya
- Department of Paediatrics, Ekiti State University, Ado-Ekiti, Ekiti State, Nigeria
- Department of Paediatrics, Ekiti State University Teaching Hospital, Ado-Ekiti, Ekiti State, Nigeria
| | - Joseph Olusesan Fadare
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Ekiti State University, Ado-Ekiti, Ekiti State, Nigeria
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Kasew D, Wondmagegn M, Bayleyegn B. Seroprevalence of hepatitis B and C virus among highly active antiretroviral therapy experienced children in Gondar, Ethiopia. Trop Med Health 2022; 50:97. [PMID: 36544183 PMCID: PMC9768932 DOI: 10.1186/s41182-022-00489-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2022] [Accepted: 12/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Globally, chronic viral hepatitis is the cause of mortality alongside human immunodeficiency virus/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome and tuberculosis. Published reports on the seroprevalence of hepatitis B and C viruses among HIV-infected children are lacking in sub-Saharan Africa. Hence, this study aimed to determine the seroprevalence of hepatitis B and C viruses among highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART)-experienced children at the University of Gondar Comprehensive Specialized Hospital. METHODS We conducted a hospital-based cross-sectional study to determine the seroprevalence of hepatitis B and C viruses among HAART-experienced children from January to May 2020. We collected the socio-demographic characteristics of study participants with pretested questioners and clinical data from medical records. We performed enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay-based laboratory test for serum hepatitis B surface antigens and anti-hepatitis C virus antibodies. Finally, we analyzed the frequency of all variables, determined the association of independent variables with hepatitis B and C viruses by using univariable and then multivariable logistic regression. RESULTS A total of 241 HAART-experienced children were enrolled, 49.8% of whom were girls. The median age of participants was 13 years (interquartile range 11-14). The seroprevalence of hepatitis B and C virus infection among HAART-experienced children were 9.5% and 2.9%, respectively. Being underweight was significantly associated with both hepatitis B virus (AOR = 3.87: 95% CI; 1.04-14.46, P = 0.044) and hepatitis C virus infections (AOR = 4.54: 95% CI; 1.21-17.04, P = 0.025). CONCLUSIONS This study showed that the magnitude of hepatitis B and C viruses was high among HIV-infected children who were under HAART and did not know their hepatitis B and C infection status before. Being underweight was associated with both hepatitis viruses. Therefore, screening for hepatitis B and C viruses should be a routine measure for all HIV-infected children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Desie Kasew
- grid.59547.3a0000 0000 8539 4635Department of Medical Microbiology, School of Biomedical and Laboratory Sciences, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, PO. Box: 196, Gondar, Ethiopia
| | - Mitikie Wondmagegn
- grid.510430.3Department of Medical Microbiology, Debre Tabor University, Debre Tabor, Ethiopia
| | - Biruk Bayleyegn
- grid.59547.3a0000 0000 8539 4635Department of Hematology and Immunohematology, School of Biomedical and Laboratory Sciences, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
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Farooqui N, Mir F, Siddiqui D, Hotwani A, Nathwani AA, Mahmood SF, Sadiq K, Kayani HA, Sheikh SA, Shah SA, Ferrand RA, Abidi SH. Phylogenetic and drug- and vaccine-resistance profiles of Hepatitis B Virus among children with HIV co-infection in Pakistan. INFECTION, GENETICS AND EVOLUTION : JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR EPIDEMIOLOGY AND EVOLUTIONARY GENETICS IN INFECTIOUS DISEASES 2022; 105:105371. [PMID: 36179949 PMCID: PMC9614405 DOI: 10.1016/j.meegid.2022.105371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2022] [Revised: 09/25/2022] [Accepted: 09/26/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION HIV-1 and hepatitis B virus (HBV) share common routes of transmission and therefore co-infection is common. In 2019, an HIV-1 outbreak that resulted in >1000 children being infected, predominantly through nosocomial transmission, occurred in Sindh, Pakistan. We conducted a phylogenetic and drug resistance analysis of the HBV Reverse Transcriptase (RT) gene in children with HIV-1 and HBV co-infection. METHODOLOGY Blood samples were collected from 321 children with HIV who were recruited as part of a study to investigate the HIV-1 outbreak. All samples were tested for HBV surface antigen (HBsAg) using an ELISA assay, and positive samples were used to amplify and sequence the HBV RT gene. The phylogenetic relationship between sequences was analyzed, and drug- and vaccine- resistance mutations in the RT gene were explored. RESULTS Of 321 samples, 23% (n = 75) were positive for HBsAg on ELISA. Phylogenetic analysis of the sequences revealed that 63.5% of HBV sequences were sub-genotype D1, while the rest were sub-genotype D2. Cluster analysis revealed grouping of sub-genotype D1 sequences exclusively with Pakistani sequences, while clustering of sub-genotypes D2 predominantly with global sequences. The 236Y mutation associated with resistance to tenofovir was observed in 2.8% of HBV sequences. Additionally, seven vaccine escape mutations were observed, the most common being 128 V. CONCLUSION Our study suggests ongoing transmission of HBV D1 and D2 sub-genotypes in the HIV-1 co-infected population, likely nosocomially, given common routes of HVB and HIV-1 transmission. The prevalence of major HBV drug- and vaccine-resistant mutations remains low. Surveillance for further transmissions and the possible emergence of major drug- or vaccine-resistant variants is required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nida Farooqui
- Department of Biological and Biomedical Sciences, Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan; Department of Biosciences, The Shaheed Zulfikar Ali Bhutto Institute of Science and Technology, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Fatima Mir
- Department of Pediatrics and Child Health, Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Dilsha Siddiqui
- Department of Biological and Biomedical Sciences, Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Aneeta Hotwani
- Department of Pediatrics and Child Health, Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Apsara Ali Nathwani
- Department of Pediatrics and Child Health, Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan
| | | | - Kamran Sadiq
- Department of Pediatrics and Child Health, Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Hammad Afzal Kayani
- Department of Biosciences, The Shaheed Zulfikar Ali Bhutto Institute of Science and Technology, Karachi, Pakistan
| | | | | | - Rashida Abbas Ferrand
- Department of Pediatrics and Child Health, Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan; Department of Clinical Research, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
| | - Syed Hani Abidi
- Department of Biological and Biomedical Sciences, Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan; Department of Biomedical Sciences, Nazarbayev University School of Medicine, Nur-Sultan, Kazakhstan.
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Kim H, Park H, Chung DR, Kim T, Park E, Kang M. A self-pressure-driven blood plasma-separation device for point-of-care diagnostics. Talanta 2022; 247:123562. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2022.123562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2022] [Revised: 05/10/2022] [Accepted: 05/14/2022] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
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Hepatitis B virus (HBV) serological patterns among the HBsAg negative hospital attendees screened for immunization. Sci Rep 2022; 12:7425. [PMID: 35523938 PMCID: PMC9076922 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-11535-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2021] [Accepted: 04/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The Hepatitis B virus (HBV) is a highly infectious virus and is endemic in Uganda. It is one of the major etiological agents for liver diseases including liver cancer. In this work, we evaluated the prevalence of the HBV serological markers and the associated socio-demographic factors among hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) seronegative persons screened during routine immunization against the virus in eastern Uganda. Data on the socio-demographic characteristics were collected using a structured questionnaire, while that on the serological markers were obtained from serum samples and evaluated by using the 5-panel HBV One Step Hepatitis B Virus Combo Test Device (FastepR, HBV-P43M). The following markers were evaluated by the panel: HBsAg, HBsAb, HBcAb, and HBeAb. Data were analyzed using SPSS (version 26), and multinomial logistic regression was used to elicit the adjusted odds ratio. All the analysis were performed at a 95% confidence limit, and a P value ≤ 0.05 was considered significant. The 424 participants included in this study were mainly female (62.3%), married (55.4%) and aged 30 years and above (54.2%). The seropositivity of the HBsAb, HBeAb, HBcAb marker prevalence rates was 48(11.3%), 73(17.2%) and 45(10.6%) respectively. The majority of the participants (327, 77.1%) did not present with any marker. Married paricipants were significantly associated with reduced HBsAb seropositvity rate, whereas young people aged 18–29 years were associated the with increased odds of HBsAb seropositivity (p < 0.05). Male participants were significantly associated with the HBeAb and HBcAb seropositivity (p < 0.05). Similarly, contact with an HBV infected person was significantly associated with HBeAb and HBcAb seropositivity (p < 0.05). Further still, blood transfusion was significantly associated with the increased risk of HBcAb seropositivity (P < 0.05). This study has revealed a prevalence of HBV serological markers among the HBsAg seronegative persons in this community and an increased risk of transmission of the virus in the community. Our findings have key consequences pertaining the interventions that are pertinent in the control and prevention of the spread of the virus among apparently health persons.
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Eleje GU, Onubogu CU, Fiebai PO, Mbachu II, Akaba GO, Loto OM, Usman HA, Rabiu A, Chibuzor MT, Chukwuanukwu RC, Joe-Ikechebelu NN, Nwankwo CH, Kalu SO, Ogbuagu CN, Chukwurah SN, Uzochukwu CE, Oppah IC, Ahmed A, Egeonu RO, Jibuaku CH, Inuyomi SO, Adesoji BA, Anyang UI, Ogwaluonye UC, Emeka EA, Igue OE, Okoro OD, Aja PO, Chidozie CP, Ibrahim HS, Aliyu FE, Numan AI, Omoruyi SA, Umeononihu OS, Okoro CC, Nwaeju IK, Onwuegbuna AA, Umeh EO, Nweje SI, Eleje LI, Ajuba IC, Ikwuka DC, Igbodike EP, Chigbo CG, Ebubedike UR, Okafor CG, Obiegbu NP, Yakasai IA, Ezechi OC, Ikechebelu JI. Mother-to-child transmission of human immunodeficiency virus, hepatitis B virus and hepatitis C virus among pregnant women with single, dual or triplex infections of human immunodeficiency virus, hepatitis B virus and hepatitis C virus in Nigeria: A systematic review and meta-analysis. SAGE Open Med 2022; 10:20503121221095411. [PMID: 35509955 PMCID: PMC9058348 DOI: 10.1177/20503121221095411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2021] [Accepted: 04/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives: To systematically review literature and identify mother-to-child transmission rates of human immunodeficiency virus, hepatitis B virus, and hepatitis C virus among pregnant women with single, dual, or triplex infections of human immunodeficiency virus, hepatitis B virus, and hepatitis C virus in Nigeria. PRISMA guidelines were employed. Searches were on 19 February 2021 in PubMed, Google Scholar and CINAHL on studies published from 1 February 2001 to 31 January 2021 using keywords: "MTCT," "dual infection," "triplex infection," "HIV," "HBV," and "HCV." Studies that reported mother-to-child transmission rate of at least any of human immunodeficiency virus, hepatitis B virus and hepatitis C virus among pregnant women and their infant pairs with single, dual, or triplex infections of human immunodeficiency virus, hepatitis B virus, and hepatitis C virus in Nigeria irrespective of publication status or language were eligible. Data were extracted independently by two authors with disagreements resolved by a third author. Meta-analysis was performed using the random effects model of DerSimonian and Laird, to produce summary mother-to-child transmission rates in terms of percentage with 95% confidence interval. Protocol was prospectively registered in PROSPERO: CRD42020202070. The search identified 849 reports. After screening titles and abstracts, 25 full-text articles were assessed for eligibility and 18 were included for meta-analysis. We identified one ongoing study. Pooled mother-to-child transmission rates were 2.74% (95% confidence interval: 2.48%-2.99%; 5863 participants; 15 studies) and 55.49% (95% confidence interval: 35.93%-75.04%; 433 participants; three studies), among mother-infant pairs with mono-infection of human immunodeficiency virus and hepatitis B virus, respectively, according to meta-analysis. Overall, the studies showed a moderate risk of bias. The pooled rate of mother-to-child transmission of human immunodeficiency virus was 2.74% and hepatitis B virus was 55.49% among mother-infant pairs with mono-infection of HIV and hepatitis B virus, respectively. No data exists on rates of mother-to-child transmission of hepatitis C virus on mono-infection or mother-to-child transmission of human immunodeficiency virus, hepatitis B virus, and hepatitis C virus among mother-infant pairs with dual or triplex infection of HIV, hepatitis B virus and HCV in Nigeria.
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Affiliation(s)
- George Uchenna Eleje
- Effective Care Research Unit, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Awka, Nigeria
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nnamdi Azikiwe University Teaching Hospital, Nnewi, Nnewi, Nigeria
| | | | - Preye Owen Fiebai
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Port Harcourt, Port Harcourt, Nigeria
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Port Harcourt Teaching Hospital, Port Harcourt, Nigeria
| | - Ikechukwu Innocent Mbachu
- Effective Care Research Unit, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Awka, Nigeria
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nnamdi Azikiwe University Teaching Hospital, Nnewi, Nnewi, Nigeria
| | - Godwin Otuodichinma Akaba
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Abuja, Abuja, Nigeria
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Abuja Teaching Hospital, Abuja, Nigeria
| | - Olabisi Morebise Loto
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Nigeria
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Obafemi Awolowo University Teaching Hospitals Complex, Ile-Ife, Nigeria
| | - Hadiza Abdullahi Usman
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Maiduguri, Maiduguri, Nigeria
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Maiduguri Teaching Hospital, Maiduguri, Nigeria
| | - Ayyuba Rabiu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Bayero University Kano, Kano, Nigeria
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Aminu Kano Teaching Hospital, Kano, Nigeria
| | - Moriam Taiwo Chibuzor
- Cochrane Nigeria, Institute of Tropical Diseases Research and Prevention, University of Calabar Teaching Hospital, Calabar, Nigeria
| | | | - Ngozi Nneka Joe-Ikechebelu
- Department of Community Medicine and Primary Health Care, Faculty of Medicine, Chukwuemeka Odumegwu Ojukwu University, Awka, Nigeria
| | | | - Stephen Okoroafor Kalu
- HIV Care Laboratory/HIV Care Department, Nnamdi Azikiwe University Teaching Hospital, Nnewi, Nnewi, Nigeria
| | | | - Shirley Nneka Chukwurah
- Gastroenterology Unit, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Awka, Nigeria
| | | | - Ijeoma Chioma Oppah
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Port Harcourt Teaching Hospital, Port Harcourt, Nigeria
| | - Aishat Ahmed
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Abuja Teaching Hospital, Abuja, Nigeria
| | - Richard Obinwanne Egeonu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nnamdi Azikiwe University Teaching Hospital, Nnewi, Nnewi, Nigeria
| | | | | | - Bukola Abimbola Adesoji
- Department of Nursing, Obafemi Awolowo University Teaching Hospitals Complex, Ile-Ife, Nigeria
| | - Ubong Inyang Anyang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Abuja Teaching Hospital, Abuja, Nigeria
| | | | - Ekene Agatha Emeka
- Department of Family Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Awka, Nigeria
| | - Odion Emmanuel Igue
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Nigeria
| | - Ogbonna Dennis Okoro
- Department of Parasitology & Entomology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Maiduguri, Maiduguri, Nigeria
| | - Prince Ogbonnia Aja
- Immunology Unit, Department of Medical Laboratory Science, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Awka, Nigeria
| | | | - Hadiza Sani Ibrahim
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Aminu Kano Teaching Hospital, Kano, Nigeria
| | - Fatima Ele Aliyu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Aminu Kano Teaching Hospital, Kano, Nigeria
| | - Aisha Ismaila Numan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Maiduguri Teaching Hospital, Maiduguri, Nigeria
| | - Solace Amechi Omoruyi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Port Harcourt Teaching Hospital, Port Harcourt, Nigeria
| | - Osita Samuel Umeononihu
- Effective Care Research Unit, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Awka, Nigeria
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nnamdi Azikiwe University Teaching Hospital, Nnewi, Nnewi, Nigeria
| | | | - Ifeanyi Kingsley Nwaeju
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nnamdi Azikiwe University Teaching Hospital, Nnewi, Nnewi, Nigeria
| | | | - Eric Okechukwu Umeh
- Department of Radiology, Faculty of Medicine, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Awka, Nigeria
| | - Sussan Ifeyinwa Nweje
- Department of Nursing, Nnamdi Azikiwe University Teaching Hospital, Nnewi, Nnewi, Nigeria
| | - Lydia Ijeoma Eleje
- Measurement, Evaluation and Research Unit, Department of Educational Foundations, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Awka, Nigeria
| | - Ifeoma Clara Ajuba
- Department of Hematology, Faculty of Medicine, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Awka, Nigeria
| | | | - Emeka Philip Igbodike
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, St Georges Hospital Memorial Centre, Lagos, Nigeria
| | | | | | - Chigozie Geoffrey Okafor
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nnamdi Azikiwe University Teaching Hospital, Nnewi, Nnewi, Nigeria
| | - Nnaedozie Paul Obiegbu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nnamdi Azikiwe University Teaching Hospital, Nnewi, Nnewi, Nigeria
| | - Ibrahim Adamu Yakasai
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Bayero University Kano, Kano, Nigeria
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Aminu Kano Teaching Hospital, Kano, Nigeria
| | | | - Joseph Ifeanyichukwu Ikechebelu
- Effective Care Research Unit, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Awka, Nigeria
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nnamdi Azikiwe University Teaching Hospital, Nnewi, Nnewi, Nigeria
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Shenge JA, Osiowy C. Rapid Diagnostics for Hepatitis B and C Viruses in Low- and Middle-Income Countries. FRONTIERS IN VIROLOGY 2021. [DOI: 10.3389/fviro.2021.742722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The global health challenge posed by hepatitis B virus (HBV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV) persists, especially in low-and-middle-income countries (LMICs), where underdiagnosis of these viral infections remains a barrier to the elimination target of 2030. HBV and HCV infections are responsible for most liver-related mortality worldwide. Infected individuals are often unaware of their condition and as a result, continue to transmit these viruses. Although conventional diagnostic tests exist, in LMIC they are largely inaccessible due to high costs or a lack of trained personnel, resulting in poor linkage to care and increased infections. Timely and accurate diagnosis is needed to achieve elimination of hepatitis B and C by the year 2030 as set out by the World Health Organization Global Health Sector Strategy. In this review rapid diagnostic tests allowing for quick and cost-effective screening and diagnosis of HBV and HCV, are discussed, as are their features, including suitability, reliability, and applicability in LMIC, particularly those within Africa.
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Kafeero HM, Ndagire D, Ocama P, Kudamba A, Walusansa A, Sendagire H. Prevalence and predictors of hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection in east Africa: evidence from a systematic review and meta-analysis of epidemiological studies published from 2005 to 2020. Arch Public Health 2021; 79:167. [PMID: 34537079 PMCID: PMC8449462 DOI: 10.1186/s13690-021-00686-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2021] [Accepted: 09/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The epidemiology of hepatitis B virus (HBV) in the general population in east Africa is not well documented. In this meta-analysis, we examined 37 full published research articles to synthesise up-to-date data on the prevalence and predictors of the HBV burden for the effective prevention and management of the virus in our region. METHODS We examined 37 full published research articles found using PubMed, Scopus, African Journal Online (AJOL), and Google Scholar between May and October 2020. Dichotomous data on HBV prevalence and predictors of infection were extracted from the individual studies. The HBV prevalence, test of proportion, relative risk, and I2 statistics for heterogeneity were calculated using MedCalc software version 19.1.3. Begg's tests was used to test for publication bias. Sources of heterogeneity were analysed through sensitivity analysis, meta-regression, and sub-group analysis at 95% CI. P < 0.05 was considered significant for all analyses. RESULTS The prevalence of HBV was generally high (6.025%), with publications from Kenya (8.54%), Uganda (8.454%) and those from between 2011 and 2015 (8.759%) reporting the highest prevalence (P < 0.05). Blood transfusion, scarification, promiscuity, HIV seropositivity, and being male were independent predictors significantly associated with HBV infection (P < 0.05), with the male sex being the most strongly associated predictor of HBV infection. Meta-regressions for the pooled HBV prevalence and sample size, as well as the year of publication, lacked statistical significance (P > 0.05). Omitting the study with the largest sample size slightly increased pooled HBV prevalence to 6.149%, suggesting that the studies are robust. Begg's test showed no evidence of publication bias for overall meta-analysis (p > 0.05). CONCLUSION The burden of HBV is still high, with the male sex, blood transfusion, body scarification, and HIV seropositivity being potential predictors of infection. Thus, it is important to scale up control and prevention measures targeting persons at high risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hussein Mukasa Kafeero
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Habib Medical School, Islamic University in Uganda, P.O. Box 7689, Kampala, Uganda.
- Department of Medical Microbiology, College of Health Sciences, Makerere University, P.O. Box 7062, Kampala, Uganda.
| | - Dorothy Ndagire
- Department of Plant Sciences, Microbiology and Biotechnology, College of Natural Sciences, Makerere University, P.O. Box 7062, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Ponsiano Ocama
- Department of Medicine, College of Health Sciences, Makerere University, P.O. Box 7062, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Ali Kudamba
- Department of Human Physiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Habib Medical School, Islamic University in Uganda, P.O. Box 7689, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Abdul Walusansa
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Habib Medical School, Islamic University in Uganda, P.O. Box 7689, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Hakim Sendagire
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Habib Medical School, Islamic University in Uganda, P.O. Box 7689, Kampala, Uganda
- Department of Medical Microbiology, College of Health Sciences, Makerere University, P.O. Box 7062, Kampala, Uganda
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Seto WK, Mandell MS. Chronic liver disease: Global perspectives and future challenges to delivering quality health care. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0243607. [PMID: 33395423 PMCID: PMC7781365 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0243607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Wai-Kay Seto
- Department of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong and The University of Hong Kong-Shenzhen Hospital, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
- State Key Laboratory of Liver Research, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
- * E-mail:
| | - M. Susan Mandell
- Department of Anaesthesiology, University of Colorado, Aurora, Colorado, United States of America
- National Yang Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
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