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Laffranchi Z, Zingale S, Indra L, Coia V, Salazar García DC, Paladin A, Kaeser MA, Delley G, Szidat S, Lösch S, Zink A, Milella M. Geographic origin, ancestry, and death circumstances at the Cornaux/Les Sauges Iron Age bridge, Switzerland. Sci Rep 2024; 14:12180. [PMID: 38886480 PMCID: PMC11183204 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-62524-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2024] [Accepted: 05/17/2024] [Indexed: 06/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Cornaux/Les Sauges (Switzerland, Late Iron Age) revealed remnants of a wooden bridge, artifacts, and human and animal skeletal remains. The relationship between the collapsed structure and the skeletal material, whether it indicates a potential accident or cultural practices, remains elusive. We evaluate the most plausible scenario for Cornaux based on osteological, taphonomic, isotopic, and paleogenomic analysis of the recovered individuals. The latter amount to at least 20 individuals, mostly adult males. Perimortem lesions include only blunt force traumas. Radiocarbon data fall between the 3rd and 1st c. BCE, although in some cases predating available dendrochronological estimates from the bridge. Isotopic data highlight five to eight nonlocals. No close genetic relatedness links the analyzed skeletons. Paleogenomic results, the first for Iron Age Switzerland, point to a genetic affinity with other Central and Western European Iron Age groups. The type of skeletal lesions supports an accidental event as the more plausible explanation. Radiocarbon data and the demographic structure of the sample may suggest a sequence of different events possibly including executions and/or sacrifices. Isotopic and paleogenomic data, while not favoring one scenario over the other, do support earlier interpretations of the last centuries BCE in Europe as a dynamic period from a biocultural perspective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zita Laffranchi
- Department of Physical Anthropology, Institute of Forensic Medicine, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | | | - Lara Indra
- Department of Physical Anthropology, Institute of Forensic Medicine, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Valentina Coia
- Institute for Mummy Studies, Eurac Research, Bolzano, Italy
| | - Domingo C Salazar García
- Departament de Prehistòria, Arqueologia i Història Antiga, Universitat de València, Valencia, Spain
- Department of Geological Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Alice Paladin
- Institute for Mummy Studies, Eurac Research, Bolzano, Italy
| | | | | | - Sönke Szidat
- Department of Chemistry, Biochemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Oeschger Centre for Climate Change Research, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Sandra Lösch
- Department of Physical Anthropology, Institute of Forensic Medicine, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Albert Zink
- Institute for Mummy Studies, Eurac Research, Bolzano, Italy
- Ludwig. Maximilians- Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Marco Milella
- Department of Physical Anthropology, Institute of Forensic Medicine, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.
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2
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Xie Y, Chen S, Sheng L, Sun Y, Liu S. A New Landscape of Human Dental Aging: Causes, Consequences, and Intervention Avenues. Aging Dis 2023:AD.2022.1224. [PMID: 37163430 PMCID: PMC10389823 DOI: 10.14336/ad.2022.1224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2022] [Accepted: 12/24/2022] [Indexed: 05/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Aging is accompanied by physical dysfunction and physiologic degeneration that occurs over an individual's lifetime. Human teeth, like many other organs, inevitably undergo chronological aging and age-related changes throughout the lifespan, resulting in a substantial need for preventive, restorative as well as periodontal dental care. This is particularly the case for seniors at 65 years of age and those older but economically disadvantaged. Dental aging not only interferes with normal chewing and digestion, but also affects daily appearance and interpersonal communications. Further dental aging can incur the case of multiple disorders such as oral cancer, encephalitis, and other systemic diseases. In the next decades or even hundreds of years, the proportion of the elderly in the global population will continue to rise, a tendency that attracts increasing attention across multiple scientific and medical disciplines. Dental aging will bring a variety of problems to the elderly themselves and poses serious challenges to the medical profession and social system. A reduced, but functional dentition comprising 20 teeth in occlusion has been proposed as a measurement index of successful dental aging. Healthy dental aging is critical to healthy aging, from both medical and social perspectives. To date, biomedical research on the causes, processes and regulatory mechanisms of dental aging is still in its infancy. In this article, updated insights into typical manifestations, associated pathologies, preventive strategies and molecular changes of dental aging are provided, with future research directions largely projected.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yajia Xie
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Craniomaxillofacial Development and Diseases, Shanghai Stomatological Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Department of Endodontics, Shanghai Stomatological Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Shuang Chen
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Craniomaxillofacial Development and Diseases, Shanghai Stomatological Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Lu Sheng
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Craniomaxillofacial Development and Diseases, Shanghai Stomatological Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yu Sun
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tissue Microenvironment and Tumor, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Aging Medicine, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, Shandong, China
- Department of Medicine and VAPSHCS, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Shangfeng Liu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Craniomaxillofacial Development and Diseases, Shanghai Stomatological Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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3
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Sánchez-Cañadillas E, Beaumont J, Santana-Cabrera J, Gorton M, Arnay-de-la-Rosa M. The early lives of the islanders: Stable isotope analysis of incremental dentine collagen from the prehispanic period of the Canary Islands. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL ANTHROPOLOGY 2023; 182:300-317. [PMID: 37530169 DOI: 10.1002/ajpa.24828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2022] [Revised: 07/11/2023] [Accepted: 07/18/2023] [Indexed: 08/03/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study presents isotopic information for incremental dentine collagen and bone bulk collagen from individuals from the Canary Islands (Tenerife and Gran Canaria) to explore dietary differences during childhood life. MATERIALS AND METHODS Eight individuals have been studied, which comprises 122 δ15 N and δ13 C incremental dentine measurements and eight bulk bone collagen analyses. A baseline of potentially consumed food sources has been developed for comparative purposes. A food reconstruction using isotopic transferred signals (FRUITS) model of probable contributions of each food source towards the diet of each individual has been developed. All samples but one belongs to the later period of indigenous occupation of the archipelago. RESULTS The dentine collagen data are presented in correlated δ13 C and δ15 N plots per individual, showing the isotopic changes throughout time. δ15 N values for each individual tend to be variable whereas δ13 C data are generally more stable with a range of +9.1 to +14‰ for δ15 N and -17.4 to -20.8‰ for δ13 C. CONCLUSION The isotopic analysis allows for the reconstruction of eight dietary profiles, which allow us to estimate the different dietary protein sources. The FRUITS model shows different percentages of the primary food sources for each individual. Where both δ13 C and δ15 N are elevated, this could be indicative of a higher marine contribution to the diet. There appear to be two main dietary profiles identifiable in the dataset and these may be related to changes in status or place of residence. Short-term variations in δ13 C and δ15 N and opposing co-variance of isotopic values can be indicative of nutritional stress, although metabolic changes during growth are also considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elías Sánchez-Cañadillas
- Departamento de Geografía e Historia, Unidad de Docencia e Investigación de Prehistoria, Arqueología e Historia Antigua, Facultad de Humanidades, Universidad de La Laguna, San Cristobal de La Laguna, Spain
- Departamento de Ciencias Históricas, Facultad de Geografía e Historia, Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain
| | - Julia Beaumont
- School of Archaeological and Forensic Sciences, University of Bradford, Bradford, UK
| | - Jonathan Santana-Cabrera
- Departamento de Ciencias Históricas, Facultad de Geografía e Historia, Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain
| | - Marise Gorton
- School of Archaeological and Forensic Sciences, University of Bradford, Bradford, UK
| | - Matilde Arnay-de-la-Rosa
- Departamento de Geografía e Historia, Unidad de Docencia e Investigación de Prehistoria, Arqueología e Historia Antigua, Facultad de Humanidades, Universidad de La Laguna, San Cristobal de La Laguna, Spain
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4
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Sparacello VS, Goude G, Varalli A, Dori I, Gravel-Miguel C, Riel-Salvatore J, Palstra SWL, Moggi-Cecchi J, Negrino F, Starnini E. Human remains from Arma di Nasino (Liguria) provide novel insights into the paleoecology of early Holocene foragers in northwestern Italy. Sci Rep 2023; 13:16415. [PMID: 37775595 PMCID: PMC10541424 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-40438-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2023] [Accepted: 08/10/2023] [Indexed: 10/01/2023] Open
Abstract
We report the discovery and analysis of new Mesolithic human remains-dated to ca. 10,200-9000 cal. BP-from Arma di Nasino in Liguria, northwestern Italy, an area rich in Upper Paleolithic and Neolithic attestations, but for which little information on Early Holocene occupation was available. The multi-proxy isotopic profile of the two individuals reveals that-despite the proximity of the site to the Mediterranean seashore and the use of shellfish as decorative elements in burials-the ecology of these foragers was based on the exploitation of high-altitude resources, presumably in the nearby western Alps. This constitutes the first direct evidence in northwestern Italy of a significant ecological shift towards higher altitudes following deglaciation, especially when compared to isotopic data of the Late Pleistocene hunter-gatherers from the nearby site of Arene Candide Cave, who exploited terrestrial resources nearer to the coast and at lower altitudes. While the biochemistry of Nasino's skeletal assemblage revealed new details on Early Holocene lifeways in the area, the osteobiography of one individual offers glimpses into the life experience of a specific female forager, depicting a scenario of early skeletal trauma, developmental disturbances, long-term impairments, and resilience amongst the last European hunter-gatherers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vitale S Sparacello
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita e dell'Ambiente, Sezione di Neuroscienze e Antropologia, Università degli Studi di Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy.
| | - Gwenaëlle Goude
- CNRS, Aix Marseille Univ, Minist Culture, LAMPEA, UMR 7269, 5 rue du Château de l'Horloge, 13097, Aix-en-Provence, France
| | - Alessandra Varalli
- CASEs Research Group, Department of Humanities, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Irene Dori
- Dipartimento di Biologia, Università degli Studi di Firenze, Florence, Italy
| | - Claudine Gravel-Miguel
- Département d'Anthropologie, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
- Center for Applied Fire and Ecosystem Science, New Mexico Consortium, Los Alamos, NM, USA
| | | | - Sanne W L Palstra
- Centre for Isotope Research, ESRIG, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Jacopo Moggi-Cecchi
- Dipartimento di Biologia, Università degli Studi di Firenze, Florence, Italy
| | - Fabio Negrino
- DAFIST - Dipartimento di Antichità, Filosofia, Storia, Università degli Studi di Genova, Genoa, Italy
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5
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Romboni M, Arienzo I, Di Vito MA, Lubritto C, Piochi M, Di Cicco MR, Rickards O, Rolfo MF, Sevink J, De Angelis F, Alessandri L. La Sassa cave: Isotopic evidence for Copper Age and Bronze Age population dynamics in Central Italy. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0288637. [PMID: 37494366 PMCID: PMC10370757 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0288637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2022] [Accepted: 06/30/2023] [Indexed: 07/28/2023] Open
Abstract
This study focuses on the changes in diet and mobility of people buried in the La Sassa cave (Latium, Central Italy) during the Copper and Bronze Ages to contribute to the understanding of the complex contemporary population dynamics in Central Italy. To that purpose, carbon and nitrogen stable isotope analyses, strontium isotope analyses, and FT-IR evaluations were performed on human and faunal remains from this cave. The stable isotope analyses evidence a slight shift in diet between Copper and Bronze Age individuals, which becomes prominent in an individual, dating from a late phase, when the cave was mainly used as a cultic shelter. This diachronic study documents an increased dietary variability due to the introduction of novel resources in these protohistoric societies, possibly related to the southward spread of northern human groups into Central Italy. This contact between different cultures is also testified by the pottery typology found in the cave. The latter shows an increase in cultural intermingling starting during the beginning of the middle Bronze Age. The local mobility during this phase likely involved multiple communities scattered throughout an area of a few kilometers around the cave, which used the latter as a burial site both in the Copper and Bronze ages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Romboni
- Centre of Molecular Anthropology for Ancient DNA Studies, Department of Biology, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Rome, Italy
- Department of Biology, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Ilenia Arienzo
- National Institute of Geophysics and Volcanology, Vesuvius Observatory, Naples, Italy
| | - Mauro Antonio Di Vito
- National Institute of Geophysics and Volcanology, Vesuvius Observatory, Naples, Italy
| | - Carmine Lubritto
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Ambientali Biologiche e Farmaceutiche (DISTABiF), Università degli Studi della Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Caserta, Italy
- INFN Naples - CHNet, Naples, Italy
| | - Monica Piochi
- National Institute of Geophysics and Volcanology, Vesuvius Observatory, Naples, Italy
| | - Maria Rosa Di Cicco
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Ambientali Biologiche e Farmaceutiche (DISTABiF), Università degli Studi della Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Caserta, Italy
| | - Olga Rickards
- Centre of Molecular Anthropology for Ancient DNA Studies, Department of Biology, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Rome, Italy
| | - Mario Federico Rolfo
- Department of History, Culture and Society, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Rome, Italy
| | - Jan Sevink
- Institute for Biodiversity and Ecosystem Dynamics (IBED), University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Flavio De Angelis
- Centre of Molecular Anthropology for Ancient DNA Studies, Department of Biology, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Rome, Italy
- Department of Mental, Physical Health and Preventive Medicine, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Naples, Italy
| | - Luca Alessandri
- Groningen Institute of Archaeology, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
- Department of Science of Antiquity, University of Rome La Sapienza, Rome, Italy
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6
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Varalli A, Moggi-Cecchi J, Goude G. A multi-proxy bioarchaeological approach reveals new trends in Bronze Age diet in Italy. Sci Rep 2022; 12:12203. [PMID: 35842420 PMCID: PMC9288517 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-15581-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2022] [Accepted: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
This study investigates changes in dietary practices and subsistence strategies in Bronze Age Italy integrating isotopic analyses with archaeobotanical and archaeozoological data. By investigating food habits, we contribute to reconstructing human lifestyles and highlighting possible links with the economic/social organization when the rise of stratified societies and new economic activities affected subsistence practices. Stable isotopes analyses in humans and animals were performed on 6 Italian sites dating from 2300 to 900 cal. BC, followed by a complete review of additional 19 sites, which forms the basis of a diachronic and geographic comparison for Bronze Age Italy. The geographic analysis shows a more varied diet in northern and central Italy, compared to the south. The diachronic analysis highlights the homogeneity of food habits during the Early Bronze Age, contrary to the later phases when an increase in dietary variability and a higher animal protein consumption are revealed. The Middle Bronze Age appears as a pivotal moment in protohistoric societies, a phase of transition. The consumption of different foodstuffs highlights the importance of cultural exchanges, resulting in a sort of “food globalization”, although environmental and climatic fluctuations could also have affected dietary patterns, favoring some crops over others.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandra Varalli
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, Minist Culture, LAMPEA, Aix-en-Provence, France. .,Department of Biology, Laboratory of Anthropology, University of Florence, Florence, Italy. .,CaSEs Research Group, Department of Humanities, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Jacopo Moggi-Cecchi
- Department of Biology, Laboratory of Anthropology, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Gwenaëlle Goude
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, Minist Culture, LAMPEA, Aix-en-Provence, France
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7
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Laffranchi Z, Granados‐Torres A, Lösch S, Zink A, Dori I, Delgado‐Huertas A, Milella M. “Celts” up and down the Alps. Insights on mobility patterns in the
pre‐Roman
/Celtic population from Verona (
NE
Italy, 3rd–1st c.
BCE
): A multi‐isotopic approach. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL ANTHROPOLOGY 2022. [PMCID: PMC9544713 DOI: 10.1002/ajpa.24523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Objectives The Late Iron Age in continental Europe featured complex demographic processes including, among others, the establishment of transalpine “Celtic” communities on the Italian peninsula between the 4th and 1st centuries BCE. To date, only few data are available about mobility and migration in these populations. Here we explore these topics among the Cenomani of Seminario Vescovile (SV‐Verona, Italy, 3rd–1st c. BCE) through a multi‐isotopic approach and test the possible associations with sex, age and funerary treatment. Materials and methods We analyzed isotopic ratios of oxygen (δ18O) and carbon (δ13C) from bone phosphate and collagen, respectively, of 49 individuals (23 males, 17 females, and 9 nonadults). In addition, we explored possible intraindividual lifetime changes by comparing collagen δ13C from bone and dentine of 26 individuals. We assessed nonlocality based on individual deviation of isotopic values from the population mean plus three times the median absolute deviation from the median (±3MAD). We then checked for isotopic differences between sexes and type of funerary treatment using Mann–Whitney tests. Results One individual shows isotopic values consistent with a nonlocal origin. Five more individuals may have originated from a different locality. No statistical differences separate sexes and types of funerary treatment. Discussion Results suggest a local origin of most of the individuals of SV with the few exceptions pointing especially to an Alpine origin. The low frequency of nonlocals at SV suggest a reduced mobility in this population, or the preeminence of short distance movements undetected by our analyses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zita Laffranchi
- Department of Physical Anthropology, Institute of Forensic Medicine University of Bern Bern Switzerland
| | - Arsenio Granados‐Torres
- Stable Isotopes Biogeochemistry Laboratory Andalusian Institute of Earth Sciences, (IACT‐CSIC‐UGR) Granada Spain
| | - Sandra Lösch
- Department of Physical Anthropology, Institute of Forensic Medicine University of Bern Bern Switzerland
| | - Albert Zink
- Institute for Mummy Studies Eurac Research Bolzano Italy
| | - Irene Dori
- Soprintendenza Archeologia Belle Arti e Paesaggio per le province di Verona Verona Italy
| | - Antonio Delgado‐Huertas
- Stable Isotopes Biogeochemistry Laboratory Andalusian Institute of Earth Sciences, (IACT‐CSIC‐UGR) Granada Spain
| | - Marco Milella
- Department of Physical Anthropology, Institute of Forensic Medicine University of Bern Bern Switzerland
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8
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Dalle S, Snoeck C, Sengeløv A, Salesse K, Hlad M, Annaert R, Boonants T, Boudin M, Capuzzo G, Gerritzen CT, Goderis S, Sabaux C, Stamataki E, Vercauteren M, Veselka B, Warmenbol E, De Mulder G. Strontium isotopes and concentrations in cremated bones suggest an increased salt consumption in Gallo-Roman diet. Sci Rep 2022; 12:9280. [PMID: 35660749 PMCID: PMC9166795 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-12880-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2021] [Accepted: 05/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The high temperatures reached during cremation lead to the destruction of organic matter preventing the use of traditional isotopic methods for dietary reconstructions. Still, strontium isotope (87Sr/86Sr) and concentration ([Sr]) analyses of cremated human remains offer a novel way to assess changing consumption patterns in past populations that practiced cremation, as evidenced by a large amount of new data obtained from Metal Ages and Gallo-Roman human remains from Destelbergen, Belgium. The Gallo-Roman results show significantly higher [Sr] and a narrower interquartile range in 87Sr/86Sr (0.7093–0.7095), close to the value of modern-day seawater (0.7092). This contrasts with the Metal Ages results, which display lower concentrations and a wider range in 87Sr/86Sr (0.7094–0.7098). This typical Sr signature is also reflected in other sites and is most likely related to an introduction of marine Sr in the form of salt as a food preservative (e.g. salt-rich preserved meat, fish and fish sauce). Paradoxically, this study highlights caution is needed when using 87Sr/86Sr for palaeomobility studies in populations with high salt consumption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Dalle
- Department of Archaeology, Ghent University, Sint-Pietersnieuwstraat 35, 9000, Ghent, Belgium. .,Maritime Cultures Research Institute, Department of Art Sciences and Archaeology, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Pleinlaan 2, 1050, Brussels, Belgium.
| | - Christophe Snoeck
- Maritime Cultures Research Institute, Department of Art Sciences and Archaeology, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Pleinlaan 2, 1050, Brussels, Belgium.,Analytical, Environmental and Geo-Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Pleinlaan 2, 1050, Brussels, Belgium.,G-Time Laboratory, Department of Geosciences, Environment and Society (DGES), Université Libre de Bruxelles, CP160/02, Avenue F.D. Roosevelt 50, 1050, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Amanda Sengeløv
- Department of Archaeology, Ghent University, Sint-Pietersnieuwstraat 35, 9000, Ghent, Belgium.,Anthropology and Human Genetics, Department of Biology of Organisms and Ecology, Université Libre de Bruxelles, CP192, Avenue F.D. Roosevelt 50, 1050, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Kevin Salesse
- Department of Anthropology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kotlářská 2, 611 37, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Marta Hlad
- Maritime Cultures Research Institute, Department of Art Sciences and Archaeology, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Pleinlaan 2, 1050, Brussels, Belgium.,Anthropology and Human Genetics, Department of Biology of Organisms and Ecology, Université Libre de Bruxelles, CP192, Avenue F.D. Roosevelt 50, 1050, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Rica Annaert
- Maritime Cultures Research Institute, Department of Art Sciences and Archaeology, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Pleinlaan 2, 1050, Brussels, Belgium.,Flemish Heritage Agency, Havenlaan 88/5, 1000, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Tom Boonants
- Analytical, Environmental and Geo-Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Pleinlaan 2, 1050, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Mathieu Boudin
- Radiocarbon Dating Lab, Royal Institute for Cultural Heritage, Jubelpark 1, 1000, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Giacomo Capuzzo
- Anthropology and Human Genetics, Department of Biology of Organisms and Ecology, Université Libre de Bruxelles, CP192, Avenue F.D. Roosevelt 50, 1050, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Carina T Gerritzen
- Maritime Cultures Research Institute, Department of Art Sciences and Archaeology, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Pleinlaan 2, 1050, Brussels, Belgium.,Analytical, Environmental and Geo-Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Pleinlaan 2, 1050, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Steven Goderis
- Analytical, Environmental and Geo-Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Pleinlaan 2, 1050, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Charlotte Sabaux
- Department of Archaeology, Ghent University, Sint-Pietersnieuwstraat 35, 9000, Ghent, Belgium.,Maritime Cultures Research Institute, Department of Art Sciences and Archaeology, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Pleinlaan 2, 1050, Brussels, Belgium.,Anthropology and Human Genetics, Department of Biology of Organisms and Ecology, Université Libre de Bruxelles, CP192, Avenue F.D. Roosevelt 50, 1050, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Elisavet Stamataki
- Maritime Cultures Research Institute, Department of Art Sciences and Archaeology, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Pleinlaan 2, 1050, Brussels, Belgium.,Anthropology and Human Genetics, Department of Biology of Organisms and Ecology, Université Libre de Bruxelles, CP192, Avenue F.D. Roosevelt 50, 1050, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Martine Vercauteren
- Anthropology and Human Genetics, Department of Biology of Organisms and Ecology, Université Libre de Bruxelles, CP192, Avenue F.D. Roosevelt 50, 1050, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Barbara Veselka
- Maritime Cultures Research Institute, Department of Art Sciences and Archaeology, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Pleinlaan 2, 1050, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Eugène Warmenbol
- Centre de Recherches en Archéologie Et Patrimoine, Department of History, Arts, and Archaeology, Université Libre de Bruxelles, CP133, Avenue F.D. Roosevelt 50, 1050, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Guy De Mulder
- Department of Archaeology, Ghent University, Sint-Pietersnieuwstraat 35, 9000, Ghent, Belgium
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9
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Milella M, Caspari G, Laffranchi Z, Arenz G, Sadykov T, Blochin J, Keller M, Kapinus Y, Lösch S. Dining in Tuva: Social correlates of diet and mobility in Southern Siberia during the 2nd–4th centuries
CE. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL ANTHROPOLOGY 2022. [PMCID: PMC9314596 DOI: 10.1002/ajpa.24506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Objectives Contemporary archeological theory emphasizes the economic and social complexity of Eurasian steppe populations. As a result, old notions of “nomadic” cultures as homogenously mobile and economically simple are now displaced by more nuanced interpretations. Large part of the literature on diet and mobility among Eurasian pastoralists is focused on the Bronze and Iron Ages. The underrepresentation of more recent contexts hampers a full discussion of possible chronological trajectories. In this study we explore diet and mobility at Tunnug1 (Republic of Tuva, 2nd–4th century CE), and test their correlation with social differentiation. Materials and Methods We compare demographic patterns (by age‐at‐death and sex) of carbon, nitrogen, and sulfur stable isotope ratios (δ13C, δ15N, and δ34S) among 65 humans and 12 animals from Tunnug1 using nonparametric tests and Bayesian modeling. We then compare isotopic data with data on perimortal skeletal lesions of anthropic origin and funerary variables. Results Our analyses show that: (1) diet at Tunnug1 was largely based on C4 plants (likely millet) and animal proteins; (2) few individuals were nonlocals, although their geographic origin remains unclarified; (3) no differences in diet separates individuals based on sex and funerary treatment. In contrast, individuals with perimortal lesions show carbon and nitrogen stable isotope ratios consistent with a diet incorporating a lower consumption of millet and animal proteins. Discussion Our results confirm the previously described socioeconomic variability of steppe populations, providing at the same time new data about the economic importance of millet in Southern Siberia during the early centuries CE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Milella
- Department of Physical Anthropology, Institute of Forensic Medicine University of Bern Bern
| | - Gino Caspari
- Department of Archaeology University of Sydney Sydney Australia
- Institute of Archaeological Sciences University of Bern Bern Switzerland
| | - Zita Laffranchi
- Department of Physical Anthropology, Institute of Forensic Medicine University of Bern Bern
| | - Gabriele Arenz
- Department of Physical Anthropology, Institute of Forensic Medicine University of Bern Bern
| | - Timur Sadykov
- Institute for the History of Material Culture Russian Academy of Sciences St. Petersburg Russia
| | - Jegor Blochin
- Institute for the History of Material Culture Russian Academy of Sciences St. Petersburg Russia
| | - Marcel Keller
- Estonian Biocentre, Institute of Genomics University of Tartu Tartu Estonia
| | - Yulija Kapinus
- Volga‐Ural Center for Paleoanthropological Research SSSPU Samara Russia
| | - Sandra Lösch
- Department of Physical Anthropology, Institute of Forensic Medicine University of Bern Bern
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