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Vera Cruz G, Aboujaoude E, Liberacka-Dwojak M, Wiłkość-Dębczyńska M, Rochat L, Khan R, Khazaal Y. How much online pornography is too much? A comparison of two theoretically distinct assessment scales. Arch Public Health 2024; 82:79. [PMID: 38816773 PMCID: PMC11137999 DOI: 10.1186/s13690-024-01294-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2023] [Accepted: 04/15/2024] [Indexed: 06/01/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Online pornography use, an ever more common activity, has raised myriad psychosocial and clinical concerns. While there is a need to screen for and measure its problematic dimension, there is a debate about the adequacy of existing assessment tools. OBJECTIVE The study compares two instruments for measuring pathological online pornography use (POPU) that are based on different theoretical frameworks-one in line with DSM-5 criteria and the six-component addiction model and one in line with ICD-11 criteria. METHODS An international sample of 1,823 adults (Mean age = 31.66, SD = 6.74) answered an online questionnaire that included the Short Version of the Problematic Pornography Consumption Scale (PPCS-6) and the Assessment of Criteria for Specific Internet-Use Disorders (ACSID-11). Factorial, correlational, and network analyses were conducted on the data. RESULTS Both tools adequately screened for online "addictive" behavior, but the ACSID-11 was superior in assessing the degree of clinical risk. CONCLUSION Depending on the specific aim of the assessment (screening vs. clinical diagnostics), both online pornography measurement tools may be useful.
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Affiliation(s)
- Germano Vera Cruz
- Department of Psychology, CRP-CPO, University of Picardie Jules Verne, Amiens, France.
| | - Elias Aboujaoude
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.
- Program in Internet, Health and Society, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
| | | | | | - Lucien Rochat
- Department of Mental Health and Psychiatry, Specialized Facility in Behavioral Addiction ReConnecte, University Hospitals of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Riaz Khan
- Department of Mental Health and Psychiatry, Frontier Medical College Abbottabad, Bahria University Islamabad, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Yasser Khazaal
- Addiction Medicine, Department of Psychiatry, Lausanne University Hospital and Lausanne University, Lausanne, Switzerland.
- Research Centre, University Institute of Mental Health at Montreal and Department of Psychiatry and Addiction Montreal University, Montreal, Canada.
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Connolly AJ, Stall LM, Floyd CG, Kraus SW, Grubbs JB. Exploring the Differences in Positive Play among Various Sports Wagering Behaviors. J Gambl Stud 2024:10.1007/s10899-024-10304-8. [PMID: 38652388 DOI: 10.1007/s10899-024-10304-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/31/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024]
Abstract
Recent technological advances and legislative changes have led to an increase of sports wagering across the United States, raising concerns about possible increases in problem gambling behaviors. This, in turn, points to an increased need to understand responsible gambling and how it relates to sports gambling behaviors. The present work utilizes the Positive Play Scale (PPS), a recent scale designed to measure the increasingly popular responsible gambling concept of Positive Play, to assess how various aspects of sports gambling relate to responsible gambling. Participants were recruited by YouGov Opinion polling and taken from two U.S. samples, and the present analyses look only at those who self-identified as sports gamblers (n = 561, Mage = 50.7). Gamblers' location of gambling, types of bets wagered on, timing of gambling, and website used to gamble were assessed. Those who bet online in any capacity, as well as participating in in-game wagering, were found to be significantly less positive in their gambling behaviors. In addition, certain types of sports wagers such as moneylines appeared to be associated with higher positive play, while other types such as parlays were associated with less positive play. Finally, certain websites, particularly offshore websites, were associated with lower positive play behavior. Collectively, these results suggest that there are various aspects of sports wagering behaviors that are associated with positive play variations in gambling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander J Connolly
- Center on Alcohol, Substance Use, And Addictions (CASAA), University of New Mexico, 2650 Yale BLVD SE, Albuquerque, NM, USA.
| | - Lindsay M Stall
- Center on Alcohol, Substance Use, And Addictions (CASAA), University of New Mexico, 2650 Yale BLVD SE, Albuquerque, NM, USA
| | - Christopher G Floyd
- Department of Psychology, Bowling Green State University, 822 E. Merry Ave, Bowling Green, OH, 43403, USA
| | - Shane W Kraus
- Department of Psychology, University of Nevada Las Vegas, CEB 320, 4505 S. Maryland Parkway, Las Vegas, NV, 89154, USA
| | - Joshua B Grubbs
- Center on Alcohol, Substance Use, And Addictions (CASAA), University of New Mexico, 2650 Yale BLVD SE, Albuquerque, NM, USA
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Wheaton J, Ford B, Nairn A, Collard S. Towards a conceptual framework for the prevention of gambling-related harms: Findings from a scoping review. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0298005. [PMID: 38517885 PMCID: PMC10959398 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0298005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2023] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 03/24/2024] Open
Abstract
The global gambling sector has grown significantly over recent years due to liberal deregulation and digital transformation. Likewise, concerns around gambling-related harms-experienced by individuals, their families, their local communities or societies-have also developed, with growing calls that they should be addressed by a public health approach. A public health approach towards gambling-related harms requires a multifaceted strategy, comprising initiatives promoting health protection, harm minimization and health surveillance across different strata of society. However, there is little research exploring how a public health approach to gambling-related harms can learn from similar approaches to other potentially harmful but legal sectors such as the alcohol sector, the tobacco sector, and the high in fat, salt and sugar product sector. Therefore, this paper presents a conceptual framework that was developed following a scoping review of public health approaches towards the above sectors. Specifically, we synthesize strategies from each sector to develop an overarching set of public health goals and strategies which-when interlinked and incorporated with a socio-ecological model-can be deployed by a range of stakeholders, including academics and treatment providers, to minimise gambling-related harms. We demonstrate the significance of the conceptual framework by highlighting its use in mapping initiatives as well as unifying stakeholders towards the minimization of gambling-related harms, and the protection of communities and societies alike.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jamie Wheaton
- School of Geographical Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Ben Ford
- School of Geographical Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
- Psychological Sciences, School of Natural and Social Sciences, University of Gloucestershire, Cheltenham, United Kingdom
- The Department of Psychology, Edge Hill University, Ormskirk, United Kingdom
| | - Agnes Nairn
- University of Bristol Business School, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Sharon Collard
- School of Geographical Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
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Petrovic J, Mills DJ, Mitchell SM. Integrating the interpersonal theory of suicide and the dualistic model of passion among adults at risk for suicide. MOTIVATION AND EMOTION 2023; 47:193-207. [PMID: 37303583 PMCID: PMC10249666 DOI: 10.1007/s11031-022-09990-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
The dualistic model of passion proposes two passion types, harmonious and obsessive, representing adaptive and maladaptive passion, respectively. Studies suggest interpersonal experiences explain harmonious passion benefits and obsessive passion negative consequences. However, research has not examined passion among individuals with clinically elevated suicide risk, nor the associations between passion types and suicide-related outcomes. The present study presents a conceptual model linking the dualistic model of passion and the interpersonal theory of suicide constructs [specifically, thwarted belongingness (TB) and perceived burdensomeness (PB)]. U.S. adults with clinically elevated suicide risk (N = 484) completed online, cross-sectional assessments of harmonious and obsessive passion, TB, PB, and future dispositions (i.e., positive focus, negative focus, and suicide orientation). A mediation model indicated the effects of harmonious and obsessive passion on positive and negative focus and suicide orientation were largely explained by TB and PB. The present findings suggest engaging in a passion activity may be meaningfully related to suicide-related interpersonal perceptions (i.e., TB and PB).
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Petrovic
- Department of Educational and Counselling Psychology, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Devin J. Mills
- Department of Community, Family, and Addiction Sciences, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, USA
| | - Sean M. Mitchell
- Department of Psychological Sciences, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, USA
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Fournier L, Schimmenti A, Musetti A, Boursier V, Flayelle M, Cataldo I, Starcevic V, Billieux J. Deconstructing the components model of addiction: an illustration through "addictive" use of social media. Addict Behav 2023; 143:107694. [PMID: 36940658 DOI: 10.1016/j.addbeh.2023.107694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2022] [Revised: 01/31/2023] [Accepted: 03/03/2023] [Indexed: 03/17/2023]
Abstract
The components model of addiction posits that all addictions share six components, namely salience, tolerance, mood modification, relapse, withdrawal, and conflict. This highly influential model has resulted in the development of numerous psychometric instruments that measure addictive behaviors according to these criteria. However, recent research suggests that, in the context of behavioral addictions, certain components constitute peripheral features that do not distinguish non-pathological from pathological behavior. Using "addictive" use of social media as a representative example, we examined this perspective by testing whether these six components actually assess central features of addiction, or whether some of them constitute peripheral features that are not indicative of a disorder. Four independent samples totaling 4,256 participants from the general population completed the Bergen Social Media Addiction Scale, a six-item psychometric instrument derived from the components model of addiction to assess social media "addiction". By performing structural equation modeling and network analyses, we showed that the six components did not form a unitary construct and, crucially, that some components (i.e., salience, tolerance) were not associated with measures assessing psychopathological symptoms. Taken together, these results suggest that psychometric instruments based on the components model conflate central and peripheral features of addiction when applied to behavioral addictions. This implies that such instruments pathologize involvement in appetitive behaviors. Our findings thus call for renewing the conceptualization and assessment of behavioral addictions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Loïs Fournier
- Institute of Psychology, University of Lausanne, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland.
| | - Adriano Schimmenti
- Faculty of Human and Social Sciences, UKE - Kore University of Enna, Cittadella Universitaria, 94100 Enna, Italy.
| | - Alessandro Musetti
- Department of Humanities, Social Sciences and Cultural Industries, University of Parma, 43121 Parma, Italy.
| | - Valentina Boursier
- Department of Humanities, University of Naples "Federico II", 80133 Naples, Italy.
| | - Maèva Flayelle
- Institute of Psychology, University of Lausanne, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland.
| | - Ilaria Cataldo
- Department of Psychology and Cognitive Science, University of Trento, 38068 Rovereto, Trento, Italy.
| | - Vladan Starcevic
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, Sydney Medical School, Nepean Clinical School, University of Sydney, Penrith, NSW 2751, Australia.
| | - Joël Billieux
- Institute of Psychology, University of Lausanne, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland; Center for Excessive Gambling, Addiction Medicine, Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV), CH-1011 Lausanne, Switzerland.
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Manzoor F, Wei L, Zia ul Haq M, Rehman HU. Assessment of Mental Health of Medical Personnel during COVID-19: Insights from Pakistan. Heliyon 2022; 8:e11824. [DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e11824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2022] [Revised: 07/11/2022] [Accepted: 11/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
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Jung Y, Sohn YW. Does work passion benefit or hinder employee’s career commitment? The mediating role of work–family interface and the moderating role of autonomy support. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0269298. [PMID: 35657817 PMCID: PMC9165830 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0269298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2022] [Accepted: 05/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Based on the dualistic model of passion, this study explored the relationship between distinct types of work passion and career commitment, as well as the mediating role of work–family interface and the moderating role of autonomy support. A two-wave study was conducted among South Korean workers (N = 250) over a 5-month time period. Results showed that harmonious work passion was positively associated with career commitment, whereas obsessive work passion was not significantly associated with career commitment. Moreover, work–family enrichment partially mediated the positive effect of harmonious work passion on career commitment, and work–family conflict fully mediated the negative effect of obsessive work passion on career commitment. Results further indicated that autonomy support strengthens the positive effect of harmonious work passion on work–family enrichment. Furthermore, this study expanded the understanding of the underlying psychological mechanisms of effects of work passion. The implications and limitations of the study and potential topics for future research are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yeseul Jung
- Psychological Science Innovation Institute, Yonsei University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Young Woo Sohn
- Department of Psychology, Yonsei University, Seoul, South Korea
- * E-mail:
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