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Ellison GL, Helzlsouer KJ, Rosenfield SM, Kim Y, Ashare RL, Blaes AH, Cullen J, Doran N, Ebbert JO, Egan KM, Heffner JL, Lee RT, McClure EA, McDaniels-Davidson C, Meghani SH, Newcomb PA, Nugent S, Hernandez-Ortega N, Salz T, Vidot DC, Worster B, Zylla DM. Perceptions, prevalence, and patterns of cannabis use among cancer patients treated at 12 NCI-Designated Cancer Centers. J Natl Cancer Inst Monogr 2024; 2024:202-217. [PMID: 39108244 PMCID: PMC11303851 DOI: 10.1093/jncimonographs/lgae029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2023] [Revised: 04/02/2024] [Accepted: 05/15/2024] [Indexed: 08/10/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The legal climate for cannabis use has dramatically changed with an increasing number of states passing legislation legalizing access for medical and recreational use. Among cancer patients, cannabis is often used to ameliorate adverse effects of cancer treatment. Data are limited on the extent and type of use among cancer patients during treatment and the perceived benefits and harms. This multicenter survey was conducted to assess the use of cannabis among cancer patients residing in states with varied legal access to cannabis. METHODS A total of 12 NCI-Designated Cancer Centers, across states with varied cannabis-access legal status, conducted surveys with a core questionnaire to assess cannabis use among recently diagnosed cancer patients. Data were collected between September 2021 and August 2023 and pooled across 12 cancer centers. Frequencies and 95% confidence intervals for core survey measures were calculated, and weighted estimates are presented for the 10 sites that drew probability samples. RESULTS Overall reported cannabis use since cancer diagnosis among survey respondents was 32.9% (weighted), which varied slightly by state legalization status. The most common perceived benefits of use were for pain, sleep, stress and anxiety, and treatment side effects. Reported perceived risks were less common and included inability to drive, difficulty concentrating, lung damage, addiction, and impact on employment. A majority reported feeling comfortable speaking to health-care providers though, overall, only 21.5% reported having done so. Among those who used cannabis since diagnosis, the most common modes were eating in food, smoking, and pills or tinctures, and the most common reasons were for sleep disturbance, followed by pain and stress and anxiety with 60%-68% reporting improved symptoms with use. CONCLUSION This geographically diverse survey demonstrates that patients use cannabis regardless of its legal status. Addressing knowledge gaps concerning benefits and harms of cannabis use during cancer treatment is critical to enhance patient-provider communication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gary L Ellison
- Division of Cancer Control and Population Sciences, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Kathy J Helzlsouer
- Division of Cancer Control and Population Sciences, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Sonia M Rosenfield
- Division of Cancer Control and Population Sciences, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | | | - Rebecca L Ashare
- Abramson Cancer Center, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Psychology, University of Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Anne H Blaes
- Division of Hematology, Oncology, and Transplantation, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Jennifer Cullen
- Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Cleveland, OH, USA
- Department of Population and Quantitative Health Sciences, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Neal Doran
- University of California, San Diego, Health Moores Cancer Center, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Psychology Service, Jennifer Moreno Veterans Affairs Medical Center, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Jon O Ebbert
- Department of Internal Medicine, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Kathleen M Egan
- Department of Cancer Epidemiology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Jaimee L Heffner
- Public Health Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Richard T Lee
- Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Cleveland, OH, USA
- City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center, Duarte, CA, USA
| | - Erin A McClure
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
- Hollings Cancer Center, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - Corinne McDaniels-Davidson
- University of California, San Diego, Health Moores Cancer Center, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Division of Health Promotion and Behavioral Science, School of Public Health, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Salimah H Meghani
- Abramson Cancer Center, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Biobehavioral Health Sciences, NewCourtland Center for Transitions and Health Leonard Davis Institute for Health Economics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Polly A Newcomb
- Public Health Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Shannon Nugent
- Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Nicholas Hernandez-Ortega
- Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami Health System, Miami, FL, USA
- School of Nursing and Health Studies, University of Miami, Coral Gables, FL, USA
| | - Talya Salz
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Denise C Vidot
- Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami Health System, Miami, FL, USA
- School of Nursing and Health Studies, University of Miami, Coral Gables, FL, USA
| | - Brooke Worster
- Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center at Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Dylan M Zylla
- The Cancer Research Center, HealthPartners and Park Nicollet, Minneapolis, MN, USA
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Donovan KA, Dolan A, Lubrano di Ciccone BB, Babilonia MB, Skinner A, Reed DR, Portman DG. Cannabis consumption in young adults with cancer: descriptive study. BMJ Support Palliat Care 2024; 13:e1133-e1140. [PMID: 35788467 DOI: 10.1136/bmjspcare-2021-003353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2021] [Accepted: 04/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE In the USA, the increase in state-sanctioned medical and recreational cannabis consumption means more young adults (YA) with cancer are using cannabis. Data and information are needed to characterise this use and frame much needed discussions about the role of cannabis in cancer care. To that end, this study's objective was to describe consumption of cannabis in YA with cancer. METHODS Four hundred seventy-six patients with cancer ages 18-39 years at a large comprehensive cancer centre responded to a survey about their cannabis consumption. The survey was administered online between July 2019 and June 2020, and respondents were anonymous. RESULTS Fifty-two per cent (n=247) of respondents endorsed use within the last year; of these, half reported using cannabis prior to their diagnosis. Consumption was about equally distributed between smoking/inhalation and eating/drinking cannabis products. Seventy-five per cent of consumers used cannabis at least weekly. Top five primary reasons for use were pain, anxiety, nausea, sleep and recreation. More frequent consumption was associated with greater perceived improvement in certain symptoms. Cannabis products tended to be sourced from friends and family and information from non-medical sources. Most YA reported being comfortable discussing their consumption with providers. CONCLUSIONS Many YA are using cannabis frequently to manage their cancer-related and treatment-related symptoms. Findings support the need for providers to consider cannabis use in treatment planning and symptom management with YA. Findings should help frame patient and provider discussions and herald much needed research on the effect of cannabis consumption on patient outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristine A Donovan
- Department of Supportive Care Medicine, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, Florida, USA
| | - Alex Dolan
- USF Health Morsani College of Medicine, Tampa, Florida, USA
| | | | | | - Amber Skinner
- Adolescent and Young Adult Program, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, Florida, USA
| | - Damon R Reed
- Department of Individualized Cancer Management, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, Florida, USA
| | - Diane G Portman
- Department of Supportive Care Medicine, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, Florida, USA
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Amin S, Chae SW, Kawamoto CT, Phillips KT, Pokhrel P. Cannabis use among cancer patients and survivors in the United States: a systematic review. JNCI Cancer Spectr 2024; 8:pkae004. [PMID: 38291891 PMCID: PMC10868394 DOI: 10.1093/jncics/pkae004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2023] [Revised: 12/07/2023] [Accepted: 01/17/2024] [Indexed: 02/01/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND How cannabis products are being used by cancer patients and survivors in the United States is poorly understood. This study reviewed observational data to understand the modes, patterns, reasons, discontinuation, and adverse experiences of cannabis use. METHODS PubMed and PsycINFO database searches were conducted between May 2022 and November 2022. Of the 1162 studies identified, 27 studies met the inclusion criteria. The intercoder agreement was strong (0.81). RESULTS The majority (74%) of the studies were cross-sectional in design. Study samples were approximately equal proportions of men and women and majority White participants. The prevalence of cannabis use based on national samples ranged between 4.8% and 22%. The most common modes of cannabis intake were topical application (80%), smoking (73%), vaping (12%), and ingestion of edible products (10%). Younger age, male gender, being a current or former smoker, and higher socioeconomic status were associated with greater likelihood of cannabis use. The main motive for cannabis use was management of symptoms due to cancer or cancer treatment such as pain, nausea, lack of sleep, and anxiety. A majority of the participants across studies reported that cannabis helped reduce these symptoms. Lack of symptom improvement, side effects such as fatigue and paranoia, cost, and social stigma were identified as some of the reasons for discontinuing cannabis use. CONCLUSIONS It appears that cannabis may help cancer patients and survivors manage symptoms. However, more longitudinal studies are needed to determine whether positive experiences of cannabis use outweigh adverse experiences over time in this vulnerable population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samia Amin
- Population Sciences Program, University of Hawaiʻi Cancer Center, University of Hawaiʻi at Manoa, Honolulu, HI, USA
| | - Si Woo Chae
- Population Sciences Program, University of Hawaiʻi Cancer Center, University of Hawaiʻi at Manoa, Honolulu, HI, USA
| | - Crissy T Kawamoto
- Population Sciences Program, University of Hawaiʻi Cancer Center, University of Hawaiʻi at Manoa, Honolulu, HI, USA
| | - Kristina T Phillips
- Center for Integrated Health Care Research, Kaiser Permanente Hawaii, Honolulu, HI, USA
| | - Pallav Pokhrel
- Population Sciences Program, University of Hawaiʻi Cancer Center, University of Hawaiʻi at Manoa, Honolulu, HI, USA
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Azizoddin DR, Cohn AM, Ulahannan SV, Henson CE, Alexander AC, Moore KN, Holman LL, Boozary LK, Sifat MS, Kendzor DE. Cannabis use among adults undergoing cancer treatment. Cancer 2023; 129:3498-3508. [PMID: 37354093 PMCID: PMC11070130 DOI: 10.1002/cncr.34922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Revised: 02/06/2023] [Accepted: 03/14/2023] [Indexed: 06/26/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Little is known about the risks and benefits of cannabis use in the context of cancer care. This study characterized the prevalence, reasons for use, and perceived benefits of cannabis and compared symptoms and perceived risks between those who reported past 30-day cannabis use and those who did not. METHODS Adults undergoing cancer treatment at a National Cancer Institute-designated cancer center completed measures of sociodemographic characteristics, cannabis use, use modalities, reasons for use, perceived harms/benefits of use, physical and psychological symptoms, and other substance/medication use. Analyses compared patients who used or did not use cannabis in the past 30 days. RESULTS Participants (N = 267) were 58 years old on average, primarily female (70%), and predominantly White (88%). Over a quarter of respondents (26%) reported past 30-day cannabis use, and among those, 4.5% screened positive for cannabis use disorder. Participants who used cannabis most often used edibles (65%) or smoked cannabis (51%), and they were younger and more likely to be male, Black, and disabled, and to have lower income and Medicaid insurance than participants who did not use cannabis. Those who used cannabis reported more severe symptoms and perceived cannabis as less harmful than those who did not use cannabis. The most common medical reasons for cannabis use were pain, cancer, sleep problems, anxiety, nausea/vomiting, and poor appetite. Participants reported the greatest cannabis-related symptom relief from sleep problems, nausea/vomiting, headaches, pain, muscle spasms, and anxiety. CONCLUSIONS Patients with cancer who used cannabis perceived benefits for many symptoms, although they showed worse overall symptomatology. PLAIN LANGUAGE SUMMARY Among adults undergoing cancer treatment, 26% reported cannabis use in the past 30 days. Those who used cannabis were more likely to be male and disabled and to have lower income and Medicaid insurance than those who did not use cannabis. Participants most commonly reported using cannabis for pain, cancer, sleep, anxiety, and nausea/vomiting and reported the greatest perceived benefits for sleep, nausea/vomiting, headaches, pain, muscle spasms, and anxiety, yet participants who used cannabis also reported feeling worse physically and psychologically compared to those who did not use cannabis. Participants who used cannabis were more likely to report that cannabis was less risky to their health than alcohol, smoking, and opioids than those who did not use cannabis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Desiree R. Azizoddin
- Tobacco Settlement Endowment Trust Health Promotion Research Center, Stephenson Cancer Center, University of Oklahoma Health Science Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, USA
- Department of Family and Preventive Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, USA
| | - Amy M. Cohn
- Tobacco Settlement Endowment Trust Health Promotion Research Center, Stephenson Cancer Center, University of Oklahoma Health Science Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, USA
| | - Susanna V. Ulahannan
- Hematology‐Oncology Section, Department of Internal Medicine, Stephenson Cancer Center, College of Medicine, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, USA
| | - Christina E. Henson
- Department of Radiation Oncology, College of Medicine, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, USA
| | - Adam C. Alexander
- Tobacco Settlement Endowment Trust Health Promotion Research Center, Stephenson Cancer Center, University of Oklahoma Health Science Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, USA
- Department of Family and Preventive Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, USA
| | - Kathleen N. Moore
- Gynecologic Oncology Section, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Stephenson Cancer Center, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, USA
| | - Laura L. Holman
- Gynecologic Oncology Section, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Stephenson Cancer Center, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, USA
| | - Laili Kharazi Boozary
- Tobacco Settlement Endowment Trust Health Promotion Research Center, Stephenson Cancer Center, University of Oklahoma Health Science Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, USA
- Cellular and Behavioral Neurobiology, Department of Psychology, The University of Oklahoma, Norman, Oklahoma, USA
| | - Munjireen S. Sifat
- Tobacco Settlement Endowment Trust Health Promotion Research Center, Stephenson Cancer Center, University of Oklahoma Health Science Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, USA
| | - Darla E. Kendzor
- Tobacco Settlement Endowment Trust Health Promotion Research Center, Stephenson Cancer Center, University of Oklahoma Health Science Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, USA
- Department of Family and Preventive Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, USA
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Cousins MM, Mayo C, Devasia T, Dykstra M, Regan S, Miller S, Allen SG, Bryant AK, Morales-Rivera K, Herr DJ, Edwards DM, Takayesu J, Birer S, Egerer N, Evans J, Elliott D, Henderson C, Laucis AM, McFarlane M, Dragovic AF, Shah J, Hayman JA, Coughlin LN, Ilgen M, Jagsi R. Cannabis Use in Patients Seen in an Academic Radiation Oncology Department. Pract Radiat Oncol 2023; 13:112-121. [PMID: 36460181 PMCID: PMC9996408 DOI: 10.1016/j.prro.2022.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2022] [Revised: 11/01/2022] [Accepted: 11/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Cannabis use rates are increasing in the United States. Patients with cancer use cannabis for many reasons, even without high-quality supporting data. This study sought to characterize cannabis use among patients seen in radiation oncology in a state that has legalized adult nonmedical use cannabis and to identify key cannabis-related educational topics. METHODS AND MATERIALS Cannabis history was documented by providers using a structured template at patient visits in an academic radiation oncology practice October 2020 to November 2021. Cannabis use data, including recency/frequency of use, reason, and mode of administration, were summarized, and logistic regression was used to explore associations between patient and disease characteristics and recent cannabis use. A multivariable model employed stepwise variable selection using the Akaike Information Criterion. RESULTS Of 3143 patients total, 91 (2.9%) declined to answer cannabis use questions, and 343 (10.9%) endorsed recent use (≤1 month ago), 235 (7.5%) noted nonrecent use (>1 month ago), and 2474 (78.7%) denied history of cannabis use. In multivariable analyses, those ≥50 years old (odds ratio [OR], 0.409; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.294-0.568; P < .001) or with history of prior courses of radiation (OR, 0.748; 95% CI, 0.572-0.979; P = .034) were less likely, and those with a mental health diagnosis not related to substance use (OR, 1.533; 95% CI, 1.171-2.005; P = .002) or who smoked tobacco (OR, 3.003; 95% CI, 2.098-4.299; P < .001) were more likely to endorse recent cannabis use. Patients reported pain, insomnia, and anxiety as the most common reasons for use. Smoking was the most common mode of administration. CONCLUSIONS Patients are willing to discuss cannabis use with providers and reported recent cannabis use for a variety of reasons. Younger patients new to oncologic care and those with a history of mental illness or tobacco smoking may benefit most from discussions about cannabis given higher rates of cannabis use in these groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew M Cousins
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan.
| | - Chuck Mayo
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Theresa Devasia
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan; Surveillance Research Program, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Michael Dykstra
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Samuel Regan
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Sean Miller
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Steven G Allen
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Alex K Bryant
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | | | - Daniel J Herr
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Donna M Edwards
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Jamie Takayesu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Samuel Birer
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Nancy Egerer
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Joseph Evans
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - David Elliott
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Caitlin Henderson
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Anna M Laucis
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Matthew McFarlane
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | | | - Jennifer Shah
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - James A Hayman
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Lara N Coughlin
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Mark Ilgen
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Reshma Jagsi
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
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Do EK, Ksinan AJ, Kim SJ, Del Fabbro EG, Fuemmeler BF. Cannabis use among cancer survivors in the United States: Analysis of a nationally representative sample. Cancer 2021; 127:4040-4049. [PMID: 34387864 PMCID: PMC8600683 DOI: 10.1002/cncr.33794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2021] [Revised: 06/24/2021] [Accepted: 06/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Research on cannabis use among those with a history of cancer is limited. METHODS Prevalence of past-year cannabis use among individuals with and without a cancer history and predictors of use within these 2 groups were determined using data from the Population Assessment of Tobacco and Health study, a nationally representative, longitudinal survey conducted in the United States (waves 1-4; 2013-2018). Discrete time survival analyses were used to estimate baseline (wave 1) predictors (physical health status, mental health status, pain, and demographic variables) on past-year engagement with cannabis within individuals who reported a cancer diagnosis at wave 1 (n = 1022) and individuals who reported never having cancer at any wave (n = 19,702). RESULTS At the most recent survey, 8% of cancer survivors reported past-year cannabis use, compared with 15% of those without a cancer history. Across 4 time points, an estimated 3.8% of cancer survivors engaged with cannabis, as compared to 6.5% of those without a cancer history. Across both groups, older age and having health insurance were associated with lower likelihood of engaging in cannabis use, whereas greater levels of pain were associated with higher likelihood of engaging in cannabis use. Among those without a cancer history, being female, White, and having better mental health status were associated with lower likelihood of engaging in cannabis use. CONCLUSIONS Although cannabis use prevalence is lower among cancer survivors, the reasons for use are not markedly different from those without a cancer history. Continued monitoring of use, reasons for use, and harms or benefits is warranted. LAY SUMMARY Results from this study, which uses data from the Population Assessment of Tobacco and Health Study, indicate that cannabis use is generally increasing across cancer survivors and those without a history of cancer. Cancer survivors are using cannabis at slightly lower rates than those without a history of cancer. Factors related to pain seem to be more prevalent in cancer populations relative to the general population, and could be contributing to cannabis use within cancer survivor populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth K. Do
- Department of Health Behavior & Policy, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, USA
- Massey Cancer Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, USA
| | - Albert J. Ksinan
- Department of Health Behavior & Policy, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, USA
| | - Sunny Jung Kim
- Department of Health Behavior & Policy, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, USA
- Massey Cancer Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, USA
| | - Egidio G. Del Fabbro
- Massey Cancer Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, USA
- Department of Internal Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, USA
| | - Bernard F. Fuemmeler
- Department of Health Behavior & Policy, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, USA
- Massey Cancer Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, USA
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7
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Cousins MM, Jannausch ML, Coughlin LN, Jagsi R, Ilgen MA. Prevalence of cannabis use among individuals with a history of cancer in the United States. Cancer 2021; 127:3437-3444. [PMID: 34081772 DOI: 10.1002/cncr.33646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2021] [Revised: 04/21/2021] [Accepted: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Patients with cancer have played a key role in advocating for legal access to cannabis, but little is known about links between cancer and cannabis use or cannabis-related beliefs. The authors used data from a national survey to study these relationships. METHODS Nationally representative data collected by the National Survey on Drug Use and Health from 2015 to 2019 were acquired. Patterns of cannabis use and cancer history were examined and tested within age group subpopulations via domain analysis using survey weights. RESULTS Data for 214,505 adults, including 4741 individuals (3.8%) with past (>1 year ago) cancer diagnosis and 1518 individuals (1.2%) with recent (≤1 year ago) cancer diagnosis, were examined. Cannabis use was less common in those with past (8.9%; 95% CI, 8.0%-9.8%) or recent (9.9%; 95% CI, 6.9%-11.1%) cancer diagnosis than in those without a history of cancer (15.9%; 95% CI, 15.7%-16.1%). However, when analyses were stratified by age group, those 18 to 34 years of age were more likely to report past cannabis use, and those 35 to 49 years of age were more likely to report past or recent cannabis use if they had a history of cancer. Younger patients felt that cannabis was more accessible and less risky if they had a history of cancer. CONCLUSIONS Patients with cancer were less likely to report cannabis use, but there were different cannabis perceptions and use patterns by age. Age should be considered in studies of cannabis and cancer, and policy initiatives may be needed to aid provision of quality information on cannabis risk to those with cancer. LAY SUMMARY Cannabis (marijuana) use is increasing in the United States, but we do not have much information on the relationship between cannabis use and cancer. We studied information from a representative group of people and found that younger patients generally reported more past and/or recent cannabis use if they had been diagnosed with cancer whereas older individuals did not. Beliefs about cannabis risk and accessibility differed by age. Clinical trials to study cannabis should account for patient age, and accurate information about cannabis should be provided to help patients with cancer make decisions about cannabis use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew M Cousins
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Mary L Jannausch
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
- VA Center for Clinical Management Research, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Lara N Coughlin
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Reshma Jagsi
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Mark A Ilgen
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
- VA Center for Clinical Management Research, Ann Arbor, Michigan
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