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Saravanakumar P, Muhammad T, Paul R, Srivastava S. Explaining the Urban-Rural Difference in Late-Life Depression in India: Evidence from a Multivariate Decomposition Analysis Based on Longitudinal Aging Study in India, Wave 2017-18. Clin Gerontol 2024; 47:270-287. [PMID: 37700396 DOI: 10.1080/07317115.2023.2257179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/14/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The study explored the associated factors of depression among older Indian adults and the influences of individual and socio-environmental factors in explaining the rural-urban difference in the prevalence of late-life depression. METHODS Data come from the Longitudinal Aging Study in India, with a sample of 30,637 older adults aged 60 and above. Multivariable logistic regression and nonlinear multivariate decomposition analyses were conducted to fulfill the objectives. RESULTS About 6.2% older adults in urban areas and 9.5% in rural areas were depressed. Older adults in rural areas had significantly higher likelihood to be depressed than those in urban areas. Poor self-rated health, multiple chronic conditions, functional difficulty, low life satisfaction, social inactivity, low satisfaction with living arrangement, ill-treatment and being widowed increased the risk of depression. Additionally, work status similar to urban older adults, physical activity, living arrangement satisfaction, self-rated health and ill-treatment would decrease the urban-rural difference in depression. CONCLUSIONS The study showed significant rural-urban difference in late-life depression, with a rural disadvantage. CLINICAL IMPLICATIONS The findings suggest the need for identifying at-risk populations and developing a framework of targeted policy interventions for mitigating the increased risk of late-life depression among older Indians and in rural areas in particular.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priya Saravanakumar
- School of Nursing and Midwifery, Faculty of Health, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, Australia
| | - T Muhammad
- Department of Family & Generations, International Institute for Population Sciences, Mumbai, India
| | - Ronak Paul
- Department of Public Health & Mortality Studies, International Institute for Population Sciences, Mumbai, India
| | - Shobhit Srivastava
- Department of Survey Research & Data Analytics, International Institute for Population Sciences, Mumbai, India
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Muneera K, Muhammad T, Althaf S. Socio-demographic and lifestyle factors associated with intrinsic capacity among older adults: evidence from India. BMC Geriatr 2022; 22:851. [PMID: 36368936 PMCID: PMC9652958 DOI: 10.1186/s12877-022-03558-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2022] [Accepted: 10/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Since the traditional models missed the possibility of formulating personalised programs centred on a person's priorities and values, it was a pressing priority to shift from traditional disease-centred to a function-based approach of healthy ageing, which is defined as 'the process of developing and maintaining the functional ability that enables well-being in older age'. The present study aimed to assess the prevalence of high intrinsic capacity (IC) of older adults and to examine the socio-demographic and lifestyle factors associated with IC among older adults in India. METHODS The study utilises the individual-level data from the first wave of the Longitudinal Aging Study in India (LASI) conducted during 2017-18. The total sample size for the present study was 24,136 older adults (11,871 males and 12,265 females) aged 60 years and above. Descriptive statistics, along with bivariate analysis, was employed to present the preliminary results. Additionally, multivariable linear and logistic regression analyses were conducted to find out the association of socio-demographic and lifestyle factors with IC and its components. RESULTS The mean IC score was found to be 7.37 (SD = 1.6) in this study. A proportion of 24.56% of older adults was observed to be in the higher IC category. Increasing age was negatively associated with high IC for older men and women. Older people who smoke tobacco (β = -0.23; CI: -0.32--0.13) and chew tobacco (β = -0.11; CI: -0.18--0.03) were less likely to experience high IC compared to their respective counterparts. Older adults who reported episodic alcohol drinking were less likely to have high IC (β = -0.20; CI:-0.32--0.07). The engagement in moderate physical activity (β = 0.12; CI:0.01-0.23), vigorous physical activity (β = 0.12; CI:0.05-0.20) and yoga-related activity (β = 0.18; CI:0.09-0.26) were significantly positively associated with high IC. Among the five domains of IC, education was significantly associated with higher capacity in each domain, and increasing age was found to be a significant predictor of lower capacity in each IC domain except locomotion. Older men and women engaged in vigorous physical activity had 35 and 19% significantly higher odds of high capacity in sensory (aOR = 1.35; CI: 1.12-1.62) and psychological (aOR = 1.19; CI: 1.06-1.34) domains, respectively. CONCLUSIONS The study revealed that lifestyle behaviours including tobacco use, episodic alcohol drinking and physical activity are strongly associated with IC among older adults in India. The findings suggest that healthy lifestyle behaviours should be encouraged among older adults as an effort to improve their IC, which is the key determinant of functional ability and quality of life in later years of life.
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Affiliation(s)
- K. Muneera
- National Institute of Technology, Calicut, 673601 Kerala India
| | - T. Muhammad
- International Institute for Population Sciences, Mumbai, Maharashtra 400088 India
| | - S Althaf
- National Institute of Technology, Calicut, 673601 Kerala India
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Muhammad T, Kumar P, Srivastava S. How socioeconomic status, social capital and functional independence are associated with subjective wellbeing among older Indian adults? A structural equation modeling analysis. BMC Public Health 2022; 22:1836. [PMID: 36180950 PMCID: PMC9523926 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-022-14215-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2022] [Accepted: 09/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Subjective well-being (SWB) is of particular interest among gerontologists and health researchers with important implications for interventions especially in poor-resource settings. This study aimed to explore the possible pathways from socioeconomic status (SES), functional independence and social capital towards SWB among older adults in India. Methods Cross-sectional data from the “Building a Knowledge Base on Population Aging in India” (BKPAI) survey with a total sample of 9231 older adults aged 60 years and above were used. The outcome variable was low SWB (LSWB). The study used univariate and bivariate analysis for reporting the initial results. Further, the study employed the structural equation modeling (SEM) technique using maximum likelihood estimation (MLE) procedure to estimate the covariance matrix. Results Overall, about 27% of older adults reported LSWB. Reporting LSWB was more prevalent among older adults who had no income (30.8%) and those who had income but not sufficient to fulfil their basic needs (39.4%, p < 0.001). The prevalence of reporting LSWB was significantly higher among older adults who had no asset ownership (36.5%, p < 0.001) than those who had asset ownership. The path from the SEM shows that LSWB and SES are negatively related to each other. Moreover, LSWB had significant negative relationship with independence (β = -0.032, p < 0.001) and social capital (β = -0.020; p < 0.001). In addition, results found a positive relationship between SES and independence (β = 0.019; p < 0.001), SES and social capital (β = 0.016; p < 0.001), and independence and social capital (β = 0.033; p < 0.001). Conclusions The findings highlight that higher SES, good physical functioning as well as favorable social capital are interdependent factors of late-life wellbeing and a multidimensional approach in policymaking can ensure a successful and active ageing among older Indian adults. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12889-022-14215-4.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Muhammad
- International Institute for Population Sciences, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India, 400088
| | - Pradeep Kumar
- International Institute for Population Sciences, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India, 400088
| | - Shobhit Srivastava
- International Institute for Population Sciences, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India, 400088.
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Cheung ESL, Mui AC. Do Home and Community Environments Explain Self-Rated Health Among Older Canadians? Evidence From the 2018 Canadian Housing Survey. HERD-HEALTH ENVIRONMENTS RESEARCH & DESIGN JOURNAL 2022; 15:112-125. [PMID: 35272519 DOI: 10.1177/19375867221085603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study examined the associations between home and community environmental factors and self-rated health (SRH) among older Canadians and how these associations vary by gender and living arrangements. Background: In social gerontology research, the psychosocial determinants of SRH have been widely investigated. Based on the environmental gerontology framework, this study examined the home and community environmental correlates of SRH. METHOD The sample (aged 60 or older) was drawn from the 2018 Canadian Housing Survey (4,086 men living alone; 6,471 men living with others; 9,170 women living alone; 4,876 women living with others). Multiple regression analyses were used to examine the relationships between SRH and potential environmental correlates in a hierarchical model. RESULTS Findings show that older men and women living alone reported lower levels of SRH than those living with others. Regression findings show common and unique home and community environmental predictors of SRH by group. Common predictors of higher SRH were private housing residence, larger living space, satisfaction with dwelling, volunteering, no perceived need for community services, and community safety. Home maintenance needs predicted lower SRH among older men and women living with others; uninhabitable conditions predicted poor SRH among older men living with others and older women living alone. CONCLUSION Results support the important effects of place in terms of home and community environments for older adults' SRH, and associations differed by gender and living arrangements.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ada C Mui
- School of Social Work, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
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Muhammad T, Meher T, Sekher TV. Association of elder abuse, crime victimhood and perceived neighbourhood safety with major depression among older adults in India: a cross-sectional study using data from the LASI baseline survey (2017-2018). BMJ Open 2021; 11:e055625. [PMID: 34907072 PMCID: PMC8671981 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2021-055625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2021] [Accepted: 11/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The study aims to explore the associations of elder abuse, crime victimhood and perceived safety with depression among older adults and examine the interactive effects of sex and place of residence in those associations. DESIGN A cross-sectional study was conducted using a large survey data. SETTING AND PARTICIPANTS The study used data from the Longitudinal Ageing Study in India wave 1 (2017-2018). The effective sample size was 31 464 older adults (aged 60 years or older). PRIMARY AND SECONDARY OUTCOME MEASURES The outcome variable was major depression, calculated using Short Form Composite International Diagnostic Interview. Descriptive statistics along with bivariate and multivariate analyses were performed to fulfil the objectives. RESULTS 5.22% of the older adults (n=1587) experienced abuse in the past 1 year. 1.33% of the older individuals (n=402) were victims of a violent crime, and 14.30% (n=1886) perceived an unsafe neighbourhood. Also, 8.67% of the older adults (n=2657) were suffering from depression. Older adults who were abused had 2.5 odds of suffering from depression (adjusted OR (AOR): 2.47, CI: 1.96 to 3.10) and victims of a violent crime were 84% more likely to be depressed (AOR: 1.84, CI: 1.15 to 2.95) compared with their counterparts. Besides, older individuals who perceived as living in unsafe neighbourhood were 61% more likely to be depressed (AOR: 1.61, CI: 1.34 to 1.93) compared with their counterparts. In the interaction analysis, older women who reported abuse had higher odds of suffering from depression (AOR: 3.27; CI: 2.34 to 4.57) compared with older men who were not abused. Similar result was found in older adults reporting abuse and residing in rural areas (AOR: 3.01, CI: 2.22 to 4.07) compared with those urban residents reporting no abuse. CONCLUSIONS Healthcare providers should pay more attention to the mental health implications of elder abuse, crime victimhood and perceived safety to grasp the underlying dynamics of the symptomology of late-life depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Muhammad
- Department of Family and Generations, International Institute for Population Sciences, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - Trupti Meher
- Department of Family and Generations, International Institute for Population Sciences, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - T V Sekher
- Department of Family and Generations, International Institute for Population Sciences, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
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Sharma P, Maurya P, Muhammad T. Number of chronic conditions and associated functional limitations among older adults: cross-sectional findings from the longitudinal aging study in India. BMC Geriatr 2021; 21:664. [PMID: 34814856 PMCID: PMC8609791 DOI: 10.1186/s12877-021-02620-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2021] [Accepted: 11/11/2021] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Chronic conditions reduce the likelihood of physical functioning among older adults. However, the contribution of most prevalent diseases and multimorbidity to different measures of functional limitations is relatively underexplored among Indian older adults. The present study explores the prospective association between number of chronic conditions and limitations in activities of daily living (ADL) and instrumental activities of daily living (IADL) among older adults in India. Methods This study utilized data from the nationally representative Longitudinal Ageing Study in India (LASI-2017-18). The effective sample size was 31,464 older adults aged 60 years and above. Descriptive statistics along with cross-tabulation were presented in the study. Additionally, binary logistic regression analysis was used to fulfil the objectives. The outcome variables were dichotomized; high representing no difficulty in ADL/IADL and low representing a difficulty in at least one ADL/IADL. The chronic conditions included hypertension, diabetes, neurological/psychiatric disease, lung disease, heart diseases, stroke, and bone-related disease. The number of chronic diseases was categorized into no disease, single, two and three plus based on number of reported disease. Results 26.36% of older women and 20.87% of older men had low ADL and the figures for low IADL were 56.86 and 38.84% for older men and women respectively. The likelihood of low ADL (AOR: 1.698, CI:1.544, 1.868) and low IADL (AOR: 1.197; CI: 1.064, 1.346) was higher among womenthan men. With increasing age, the prevalence of low ADL increased among older adults. Respondents with pre-existing chronic conditions had higher likelihood of low ADL and IADL. Older adults with hypertension, psychiatric disease, heart disease, stroke and bone-related disease had significantly higher odds of reporting low IADL. The chances of low ADL and IADL were 2.156 (CI: 1.709, 2.719) and 2.892 (CI: 2.067, 4.047) times respectively higher among older adults with more than three chronic conditions. After controlling for socio-economic and health-related covariates, it was found that men with more than three pre-existing chronic conditions had higher odds of low ADL than women. On the other hand, low IADL were found higher among women with more than three pre-existing chronic conditions. Conclusions The present study demonstrates a significant burden of functional limitations among older individuals and that there is a strong association between pre-existing chronic conditions and functional disability. Those with hypertension, diabetes, psychiatric disorders, heart disease, stroke, lung disease or bone-related diseases should be effectively monitored to predict future functional limitations, which may lead to worsening health. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12877-021-02620-0.
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Affiliation(s)
- Palak Sharma
- Department of Mathematical Demography and Statistics, International Institute for Population Sciences, Mumbai, Maharashtra, 400088, India
| | - Priya Maurya
- Department of Development Studies, International Institute for Population Sciences, Mumbai, Maharashtra, 400088, India
| | - T Muhammad
- Department of Population Policies and Programmes, International Institute for Population Sciences, Deonar, Mumbai, Maharashtra, 400088, India.
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Muhammad T, Maurya P, Sharma P. Prevalence and correlates of bone and joint diseases and its association with falls among older adults in India: Evidence from LASI, 2017-18. Geriatr Nurs 2021; 42:1143-1150. [PMID: 34404017 DOI: 10.1016/j.gerinurse.2021.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2021] [Revised: 07/20/2021] [Accepted: 07/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
This study explores the prevalence and correlates of bone and joint diseases and its association with falls among older adults in India. Data from the Longitudinal Aging Study in India (2017-18) were utilized for analysis (n = 31,464). Bivariate and logistic regression was used to fulfill the study objectives. The findings revealed that 19.71% of older adults had bone and joint disease, which was higher among women (22.79%) than men (16.25%). The strongest predictors of such diseases included being currently employed, physically inactive, having difficulties in performing functional activities and higher economic status. The fall in the last two years was reported by 12.63% of older adults, and bone and joints diseases were significantly associated with falls (AOR = 1.287; 95% CI: 1.117-1.483) after adjusting for several socio-demographic and health covariates. These findings imply that policymakers and providers must implement interventions designed to reduce the risk of those diseases and associated falls.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Muhammad
- Department of Population Policies and Programmes, International Institute for Population Sciences, Mumbai, Maharashtra 400088, India.
| | - Priya Maurya
- Department of Development Studies, International Institute for Population Sciences, Mumbai, Maharashtra 400088, India.
| | - Palak Sharma
- Department of Mathematical Demography and Statistics, International Institute for Population Sciences, Mumbai, Maharashtra 400088, India.
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Ansari S, Muhammad T, Dhar M. How Does Multi-Morbidity Relate to Feeling of Loneliness among Older Adults? Evidence from a Population-Based Survey in India. JOURNAL OF POPULATION AGEING 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s12062-021-09343-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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Srivastava S, Shaw S, Chaurasia H, Purkayastha N, Muhammad T. Feeling about living arrangements and associated health outcomes among older adults in India: a cross-sectional study. BMC Public Health 2021; 21:1322. [PMID: 34225690 PMCID: PMC8258997 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-021-11342-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2021] [Accepted: 06/21/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Advancement in the field of gerontology has been concerned with the well-being of older adults in a family setup that is associated with caregiving and support. While family life and well-being are defined by emotion, caregiving, and support activities, dissatisfaction/discontent with living arrangements is a public health concern, which is increasing with a rise in the proportion of the older population in the country. The study examines the association of dissatisfaction with living arrangements with health outcomes among older men and women in India. METHODS The present research used data from the 'Building a Knowledge Base on Population Aging in India'. The effective sample size for the analysis was 9181 older adults. Descriptive statistics and bivariate analysis were performed to present the preliminary estimates. For finding the association between various health outcomes over explanatory variables, binary logistic regression model was used separately for men and women. RESULTS About 22.8% of men and 30.8% of women who were living alone were dissatisfied with their present living arrangement. It was revealed that both men and women who were dissatisfied with their present living arrangements had significantly higher odds of experiencing poor self-rated health [OR:4.45, 3.25 ~ 6.09 and OR:3.32, 2.54 ~ 4.34], low psychological health [OR: 2.15, 1.61 ~ 2.86 and OR: 1.99, 1.57 ~ 2.53], low subjective well-being [OR: 3.37, 2.54 ~ 4.45 and OR: 3.03, 2.36 ~ 3.38], low ADL [OR: 1.77, 1.2 ~ 2.62 and OR: 1.59, 1.17 ~ 2.18, low IADL] [OR: 1.32, 1.03 ~ 1.69 and OR: 1.57, 1.24 ~ 1.98] and low cognitive ability [OR: 1.26, 0.98 ~ 1.61 and OR:1.44, 1.13 ~ 1.82] in comparison to their counterpart from men and women respectively. CONCLUSION It is found that dissatisfaction with the living arrangement of older men and women is negatively associated with major health outcomes. Hence, appropriate policies and programs must be developed to promote increased family care and support and an improved residential environment that would create a feeling of comfort and happiness among older individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shobhit Srivastava
- International Institute for Population Sciences, Mumbai, Maharashtra 400088 India
| | - Subhojit Shaw
- International Institute for Population Sciences, Mumbai, Maharashtra 400088 India
| | - Himanshu Chaurasia
- National Institute for Research in Reproductive Health, ICMR, Parel, Mumbai, 400088 India
| | - Naina Purkayastha
- Department of Statistics, Dibrugarh University, Dibrugarh, Assam India
| | - T. Muhammad
- International Institute for Population Sciences, Mumbai, Maharashtra 400088 India
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Srivastava S, Thalil M, Rashmi R, Paul R. Association of family structure with gain and loss of household headship among older adults in India: Analysis of panel data. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0252722. [PMID: 34086833 PMCID: PMC8177662 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0252722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2020] [Accepted: 04/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Despite huge changes in demographic behaviors, the family continues to be the major source of psychosocial support for older adults in India. The loss of household headship can be a cause of disregard for the aged and is associated in a very fundamental way with other status losses. Our study used the two rounds of the India Human Development Survey to understand the association of family structure on the gain or loss status of household headship among 10,527 older adults. METHOD Bivariate analysis was done using the chi-square test for association. Equivalently, the multivariate analysis involved estimating multivariable logistic regression models. Multicollinearity did not affect the estimates from the regression models. For examining headship transition, we performed two complete sets of analysis, by taking gain in headship and loss in headship as the outcome variable respectively. RESULTS Across two rounds, a major shift in family structure was noticed as 6.8% of households moved from extended to a single generation. Results indicate that family structure was significantly associated with gaining and losing headship among older adults. Headship loss was more common among nuclear [OR: 2.16; CI: 1.28, 3.65] and extended [OR: 2.76; CI: 1.64, 4.66] family structures. Moreover, gaining headship was found to be significantly associated with married, educated, and working older adults. CONCLUSION Since living in single generation household may preferably be encouraged among older adults than their living in a complex household without headship and value they deserve, the public intervention may support the independent living within the older population through housing policies that create additional choices presented to older adults making residential decisions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shobhit Srivastava
- Department of Mathematical Demography and Statistics, International Institute for Population Sciences, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - Muhammad Thalil
- Department of Population Policies and Programmes, International Institute for Population Sciences, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - Rashmi Rashmi
- Department of Public Health and Mortality Studies, International Institute for Population Sciences, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - Ronak Paul
- Department of Public Health and Mortality Studies, International Institute for Population Sciences, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
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Srivastava S, Singh SK, Kumar M, Muhammad T. Distinguishing between household headship with and without power and its association with subjective well-being among older adults: an analytical cross-sectional study in India. BMC Geriatr 2021; 21:304. [PMID: 33980164 PMCID: PMC8114520 DOI: 10.1186/s12877-021-02256-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2021] [Accepted: 04/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The status of household headship accorded to the older members of the family is often symbolic and seldom vested with some control over resources. The increased dependency and diminished ability to contribute to household economy are major factors that lead to a decline in the respect accorded to older people and their status in the family. The present study aimed to understand the distinction between the functional and nominal household headship status of older adults based on their decision-making power and examine how it is associated with their subjective well-being. METHOD The present research used data from the 'Building a Knowledge Base on Population Aging in India' (BKPAI) which is nationally representative. The survey was conducted in 2011, across seven states of India. Descriptive statistics along with percentage distribution were calculated for subjective well-being over explanatory variables. For finding the association between subjective well-being over explanatory variables, binary logistic regression model was used. RESULTS The mean age of the study population was 68 years [CI: 67.8-68.2]. About 5 % of older adults had nominal while 95% had functional headship status. The prevalence of low subjective well-being (LSWB) was significantly higher among older adults with nominal headship status (58%) than functional headship status (23%). After controlling for several other variables, older adults with nominal headship status were 59% significantly more likely to have low subjective well-being than individuals with functional headship status (OR = 1.59; 95% CI: 1.10, 2.31). Further, older adults with psychological distress, chronic morbidity, poor self-reported health, no community involvement and no one to trust on were at higher risk of LSWB than their counterparts. CONCLUSIONS Findings suggest that older adults who do not have a household headship with power with active participation in household decision-making as well as those who have no involvement in social activities or have poor health conditions need to be given more attention. Thus, to keep a large proportion of older population gainfully engaged, their care and support should be ensured via providing appropriate services that would enhance their roles and responsibilities and overall wellbeing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shobhit Srivastava
- Department of Mathematical Demography and Statistics, International Institute for Population Sciences, Mumbai, Maharashtra 400088 India
| | - S. K. Singh
- Department of Population Policies and Programs, International Institute for Population Sciences, Mumbai, Maharashtra 400088 India
| | - Manish Kumar
- Department of Mathematical Demography and Statistics, International Institute for Population Sciences, Mumbai, Maharashtra 400088 India
| | - T. Muhammad
- Department of Mathematical Demography and Statistics, International Institute for Population Sciences, Mumbai, Maharashtra 400088 India
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