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Méndez D, Tellería F, Monroy-Cárdenas M, Montecino-Garrido H, Mansilla S, Castro L, Trostchansky A, Muñoz-Córdova F, Zickermann V, Schiller J, Alfaro S, Caballero J, Araya-Maturana R, Fuentes E. Linking triphenylphosphonium cation to a bicyclic hydroquinone improves their antiplatelet effect via the regulation of mitochondrial function. Redox Biol 2024; 72:103142. [PMID: 38581860 PMCID: PMC11002875 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2024.103142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2024] [Revised: 03/11/2024] [Accepted: 03/28/2024] [Indexed: 04/08/2024] Open
Abstract
Platelets are the critical target for preventing and treating pathological thrombus formation. However, despite current antiplatelet therapy, cardiovascular mortality remains high, and cardiovascular events continue in prescribed patients. In this study, first results were obtained with ortho-carbonyl hydroquinones as antiplatelet agents; we found that linking triphenylphosphonium cation to a bicyclic ortho-carbonyl hydroquinone moiety by a short alkyl chain significantly improved their antiplatelet effect by affecting the mitochondrial functioning. The mechanism of action involves uncoupling OXPHOS, which leads to an increase in mitochondrial ROS production and a decrease in the mitochondrial membrane potential and OCR. This alteration disrupts the energy production by mitochondrial function necessary for the platelet activation process. These effects are responsive to the complete structure of the compounds and not to isolated parts of the compounds tested. The results obtained in this research can be used as the basis for developing new antiplatelet agents that target mitochondria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diego Méndez
- Thrombosis and Healthy Aging Research Center, MIBI: Interdisciplinary Group on Mitochondrial Targeting and Bioenergetics, Medical Technology School, Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Immunohematology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universidad de Talca, Talca, Chile
| | - Francisca Tellería
- Thrombosis and Healthy Aging Research Center, MIBI: Interdisciplinary Group on Mitochondrial Targeting and Bioenergetics, Medical Technology School, Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Immunohematology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universidad de Talca, Talca, Chile
| | - Matías Monroy-Cárdenas
- Instituto de Química de Recursos Naturales, MIBI: Interdisciplinary Group on Mitochondrial Targeting and Bioenergetics, Universidad de Talca, Talca, 3460000, Chile
| | - Héctor Montecino-Garrido
- Thrombosis and Healthy Aging Research Center, MIBI: Interdisciplinary Group on Mitochondrial Targeting and Bioenergetics, Medical Technology School, Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Immunohematology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universidad de Talca, Talca, Chile
| | - Santiago Mansilla
- Departamento de Métodos Cuantitativos and Centro de Investigaciones Biomédicas (CEINBIO), Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, 11800, Uruguay
| | - Laura Castro
- Departamento de Bioquímica and Centro de Investigaciones Biomédicas (CEINBIO), Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, 11800, Uruguay
| | - Andrés Trostchansky
- Departamento de Bioquímica and Centro de Investigaciones Biomédicas (CEINBIO), Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, 11800, Uruguay
| | | | - Volker Zickermann
- Institute of Biochemistry II, Goethe University Medical School, Germany
| | - Jonathan Schiller
- Institute of Biochemistry II, Goethe University Medical School, Germany
| | - Sergio Alfaro
- Centro de Bioinformática, Simulación y Modelado (CBSM), Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad de Talca, 1 Poniente No. 1141, Casilla 721, Talca, Chile
| | - Julio Caballero
- Centro de Bioinformática, Simulación y Modelado (CBSM), Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad de Talca, 1 Poniente No. 1141, Casilla 721, Talca, Chile
| | - Ramiro Araya-Maturana
- Instituto de Química de Recursos Naturales, MIBI: Interdisciplinary Group on Mitochondrial Targeting and Bioenergetics, Universidad de Talca, Talca, 3460000, Chile.
| | - Eduardo Fuentes
- Thrombosis and Healthy Aging Research Center, MIBI: Interdisciplinary Group on Mitochondrial Targeting and Bioenergetics, Medical Technology School, Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Immunohematology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universidad de Talca, Talca, Chile.
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2
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Martchenko A, Papaelias A, Bolz SS. Physiologic effects of the maqui berry ( Aristotelia chilensis): a focus on metabolic homeostasis. Food Funct 2024; 15:4724-4740. [PMID: 38618933 DOI: 10.1039/d3fo02524a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/16/2024]
Abstract
The prevalence and socioeconomic impact of metabolic diseases is rapidly growing. The limited availability of effective and affordable treatments has fuelled interest in the therapeutic potential of natural compounds as they occur in selected food sources. These compounds might help to better manage the current problems of treatment availability, affordability, and adverse effects that, in combination, limit treatment duration and efficacy at present. Specifically, berries garnered interest given a strong epidemiological link between their consumption and improved metabolic functions, making the analysis of their phytochemical composition and the identification and characterization of biologically active ingredients an emerging area of research. In this regard, the present review focuses on the South American maqui berry Aristotelia chilensis, which has been extensively used by the indigenous Mapuche population for generations to treat a variety of disease conditions. An overview of the maqui plant composition precedes a review of pre-clinical and clinical studies that investigated the effects of maqui berries and their major components on metabolic homeostasis. The final part of the review highlights possible technologies to conserve maqui berry structural and functional integrity during passage through the small intestine, ultimately aiming to augment their systemic and luminal bioavailability and biological effects. The integration of the various aspects discussed herein can assist in the development of effective maqui-based therapies to benefit the growing population of metabolically compromised patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandre Martchenko
- Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
- Toronto Centre for Microvascular Medicine at The Ted Rogers Centre for Heart Research Translational Biology and Engineering Program, University of Toronto, 661 University Avenue, 14th Floor, Toronto, M5G 1M1, Canada.
| | - Alexandra Papaelias
- Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
- Toronto Centre for Microvascular Medicine at The Ted Rogers Centre for Heart Research Translational Biology and Engineering Program, University of Toronto, 661 University Avenue, 14th Floor, Toronto, M5G 1M1, Canada.
| | - Steffen-Sebastian Bolz
- Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
- Toronto Centre for Microvascular Medicine at The Ted Rogers Centre for Heart Research Translational Biology and Engineering Program, University of Toronto, 661 University Avenue, 14th Floor, Toronto, M5G 1M1, Canada.
- Heart & Stroke/Richard Lewar Centre of Excellence for Cardiovascular Research, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
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3
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Rinderknecht H, Mayer A, Histing T, Ehnert S, Nüssler A. Herbal Extracts of Ginseng and Maqui Berry Show Only Minimal Effects on an In Vitro Model of Early Fracture Repair of Smokers. Foods 2023; 12:2960. [PMID: 37569229 PMCID: PMC10419284 DOI: 10.3390/foods12152960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2023] [Revised: 07/28/2023] [Accepted: 07/29/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Smoking is a major risk factor for delayed fracture healing, affecting several aspects of early fracture repair, including inflammation, osteogenesis, and angiogenesis. Panax ginseng (GE) and maqui berry extract (MBE) were shown in our previous studies to reduce smoke-induced cellular damage in late bone-healing in vitro models. We aimed here to analyze their effects on the early fracture repair of smokers in a 3D co-culture model of fracture hematomas and endothelial cells. Both extracts did not alter the cellular viability at concentrations of up to 100 µg/mL. In early fracture repair in vitro, they were unable to reduce smoking-induced inflammation and induce osteo- or chondrogenicity. Regarding angiogenesis, smoking-induced stress in HUVECs could not be counteracted by both extracts. Furthermore, smoking-impaired tube formation was not restored by GE but was harmed by MBE. However, GE promoted angiogenesis initiation under smoking conditions via the Angpt/Tie2 axis. To summarize, cigarette smoking strikingly affected early fracture healing processes in vitro, but herbal extracts at the applied doses had only a limited effect. Since both extracts were shown before to be very effective in later stages of fracture healing, our data suggest that their early use immediately after fracture does not appear to negatively impact later beneficial effects.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Andreas Nüssler
- Siegfried-Weller Institute for Trauma Research, BG Trauma Center, University of Tuebingen, Schnarrenbergstrasse 95, 72070 Tuebingen, Germany; (H.R.); (A.M.); (T.H.); (S.E.)
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4
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Otero C, Klagges C, Morales B, Sotomayor P, Escobar J, Fuentes JA, Moreno AA, Llancalahuen FM, Arratia-Perez R, Gordillo-Fuenzalida F, Herrera M, Martínez JL, Rodríguez-Díaz M. Anti-Inflammatory Chilean Endemic Plants. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:pharmaceutics15030897. [PMID: 36986757 PMCID: PMC10051824 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15030897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2022] [Revised: 01/03/2023] [Accepted: 01/06/2023] [Indexed: 03/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Medicinal plants have been used since prehistoric times and continue to treat several diseases as a fundamental part of the healing process. Inflammation is a condition characterized by redness, pain, and swelling. This process is a hard response by living tissue to any injury. Furthermore, inflammation is produced by various diseases such as rheumatic and immune-mediated conditions, cancer, cardiovascular diseases, obesity, and diabetes. Hence, anti-inflammatory-based treatments could emerge as a novel and exciting approach to treating these diseases. Medicinal plants and their secondary metabolites are known for their anti-inflammatory properties, and this review introduces various native Chilean plants whose anti-inflammatory effects have been evaluated in experimental studies. Fragaria chiloensis, Ugni molinae, Buddleja globosa, Aristotelia chilensis, Berberis microphylla, and Quillaja saponaria are some native species analyzed in this review. Since inflammation treatment is not a one-dimensional solution, this review seeks a multidimensional therapeutic approach to inflammation with plant extracts based on scientific and ancestral knowledge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolina Otero
- Escuela de Química y Farmacia, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Andrés Bello, Santiago 8320000, Chile
| | - Carolina Klagges
- Instituto de Investigación Interdisciplinar en Ciencias Biomédicas SEK, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad SEK, Santiago 8320000, Chile
| | - Bernardo Morales
- Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Química y Biología, Universidad de Santiago de Chile, Santiago 9160000, Chile
| | - Paula Sotomayor
- Departamento de Urología, Facultad de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago 8320000, Chile
| | - Jorge Escobar
- Laboratorio de Química Biológica, Facultad de Ciencias, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso, Valparaíso 2340000, Chile
- Correspondence: (J.E.); (J.L.M.); (M.R.-D.)
| | - Juan A. Fuentes
- Laboratorio de Genética y Patogénesis Bacteriana, Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida, Universidad Andrés Bello, Santiago 8320000, Chile
| | - Adrian A. Moreno
- Centro de Biotecnología Vegetal, Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida, Universidad Andrés Bello, Santiago 8320000, Chile
| | - Felipe M. Llancalahuen
- Laboratorio de Fisiopatología Integrativa, Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida, Universidad Andrés Bello, Santiago 8320000, Chile
| | - Ramiro Arratia-Perez
- Center for Applied Nanoscience, Universidad Andrés Bello, Santiago 8320000, Chile
| | - Felipe Gordillo-Fuenzalida
- Laboratorio de Microbiología Aplicada, Centro de Biotecnología de los Recursos Naturales, Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias y Forestales, Universidad Católica del Maule, Talca 3460000, Chile
| | - Michelle Herrera
- Escuela de Química y Farmacia, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Andrés Bello, Santiago 8320000, Chile
| | - Jose L. Martínez
- Vicerrectoria de Investigación, Desarrollo e Innovación, Universidad de Santiago de Chile, Santiago 9160000, Chile
- Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional de Trujillo, Trujillo 13001, Peru
- Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Universidad Nacional de Trujillo, Trujillo 13001, Peru
- Correspondence: (J.E.); (J.L.M.); (M.R.-D.)
| | - Maité Rodríguez-Díaz
- Escuela de Química y Farmacia, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Andrés Bello, Santiago 8320000, Chile
- Correspondence: (J.E.); (J.L.M.); (M.R.-D.)
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5
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Plaza A, Rodríguez L, Concha-Meyer AA, Cabezas R, Zurob E, Merlet G, Palomo I, Fuentes E. Effects of Extraction Methods on Phenolic Content, Antioxidant and Antiplatelet Activities of Tomato Pomace Extracts. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:1188. [PMID: 36904048 PMCID: PMC10005732 DOI: 10.3390/plants12051188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2023] [Revised: 02/23/2023] [Accepted: 02/28/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Aqueous and ethanolic extracts of tomato pomace were examined with the aim of optimizing the extraction process of compounds with cardioprotective activity. Once the results of the ORAC response variables, total polyphenols, °Brix, and antiplatelet activity of the extracts were obtained, a multivariate statistical analysis was performed using the Statgraphics Centurion XIX software. This analysis showed that the most relevant positive effects in the inhibition of platelet aggregation were 83 ± 2% when using the agonist TRAP-6, when the working conditions were the type of tomato pomace conditioning (drum-drying process at 115 °C), phase ratio (1/8), type of solvent (ethanol 20%), and type of extraction (ultrasound-assisted solid-liquid extraction). The extracts with the best results were microencapsulated and characterized by HPLC. The presence of chlorogenic acid (0.729 mg/mg of dry sample) was found, a compound that has a potential cardioprotective effect documented in various studies, in addition to rutin (2.747 mg/mg of dry sample) and quercetin (0.255 mg/mg of dry sample). These results show that the extraction efficiency of compounds with cardioprotective activity depends largely on the polarity of the solvent, thus playing an important role in the antioxidant capacity of the extracts of tomato pomace.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Plaza
- Centro de Estudios en Alimentos Procesados-CEAP, Conicyt, Programa Regional R19A10001, Gore Maule, Talca 3480094, Chile
| | - Lyanne Rodríguez
- Thrombosis Research Center, Medical Technology School, Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Immunohematology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universidad de Talca, Talca 3480094, Chile
| | - Anibal A. Concha-Meyer
- Centro de Estudios en Alimentos Procesados-CEAP, Conicyt, Programa Regional R19A10001, Gore Maule, Talca 3480094, Chile
- Instituto de Ciencia y Tecnología de los Alimentos, Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias y Alimentarias, Universidad Austral de Chile, Campus Isla Teja s/n, Valdivia 5090000, Chile
| | - René Cabezas
- Departamento de Química Ambiental, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Católica de la Santísima Concepción, Concepción 4070129, Chile
| | - Elsie Zurob
- Laboratory of Membrane Separation Processes (LabProSeM), Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Santiago de Chile, Santiago 9170022, Chile
| | - Gastón Merlet
- Departamento de Agroindustrias, Facultad de Ingeniería Agrícola, Universidad de Concepción, Chillán 4070386, Chile
| | - Iván Palomo
- Thrombosis Research Center, Medical Technology School, Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Immunohematology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universidad de Talca, Talca 3480094, Chile
| | - Eduardo Fuentes
- Thrombosis Research Center, Medical Technology School, Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Immunohematology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universidad de Talca, Talca 3480094, Chile
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6
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Inhibition of platelet aggregation by extracts and compounds from the leaves of Chilean bean landraces (Phaseolus vulgaris L.). J Funct Foods 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2022.105388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
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Das D, Adhikary S, Das RK, Banerjee A, Radhakrishnan AK, Paul S, Pathak S, Duttaroy AK. Bioactive food components and their inhibitory actions in multiple platelet pathways. J Food Biochem 2022; 46:e14476. [PMID: 36219755 DOI: 10.1111/jfbc.14476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2022] [Revised: 08/29/2022] [Accepted: 09/27/2022] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
In addition to hemostasis and thrombosis, blood platelets are involved in various processes such as inflammation, infection, immunobiology, cancer metastasis, wound repair and angiogenesis. Platelets' hemostatic and non-hemostatic functions are mediated by the expression of various membrane receptors and the release of proteins, ions and other mediators. Therefore, specific activities of platelets responsible for the non-hemostatic disease are to be inhibited while leaving the platelet's hemostatic function unaffected. Platelets' anti-aggregatory property has been used as a primary criterion for antiplatelet drugs/bioactives; however, their non-hemostatic activities are not well known. This review describes the hemostatic and non-hemostatic function of human blood platelets and the modulatory effects of bioactive food components. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS: In this review, we have discussed the antiplatelet effects of several food components. These bioactive compounds inhibit both hemostatic and non-hemostatic pathways involving blood platelet. Platelets have emerged as critical biological factors of normal and pathologic vascular healing and other diseases such as cancers and inflammatory and immune disorders. The challenge for therapeutic intervention in these disorders will be to find drugs and bioactive compounds that preferentially block specific sites implicated in emerging roles of platelets' complicated contribution to inflammation, tumour growth, or other disorders while leaving at least some of their hemostatic function intact.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diptimayee Das
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Chettinad Hospital and Research Institute (CHRI), Chettinad Academy of Research and Education (CARE), Chennai, India
| | - Shubhamay Adhikary
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Chettinad Hospital and Research Institute (CHRI), Chettinad Academy of Research and Education (CARE), Chennai, India
| | - Ranjit Kumar Das
- Department of Health and Biomedical Sciences, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, Brownsville, Texas, USA
| | - Antara Banerjee
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Chettinad Hospital and Research Institute (CHRI), Chettinad Academy of Research and Education (CARE), Chennai, India
| | - Arun Kumar Radhakrishnan
- Department of Pharmacology, Chettinad Hospital and Research Institute (CHRI), Chettinad Academy of Research and Education (CARE), Chennai, India
| | - Sujay Paul
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, School of Engineering and Sciences, Campus Queretaro, Queretaro, Mexico
| | - Surajit Pathak
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Chettinad Hospital and Research Institute (CHRI), Chettinad Academy of Research and Education (CARE), Chennai, India
| | - Asim K Duttaroy
- Department of Nutrition, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
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A Comprehensive Literature Review on Cardioprotective Effects of Bioactive Compounds Present in Fruits of Aristotelia chilensis Stuntz (Maqui). Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27196147. [PMID: 36234679 PMCID: PMC9571323 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27196147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2022] [Revised: 09/12/2022] [Accepted: 09/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Some fruits and vegetables, rich in bioactive compounds such as polyphenols, flavonoids, and anthocyanins, may inhibit platelet activation pathways and therefore reduce the risk of suffering from CVD when consumed regularly. Aristotelia chilensis Stuntz (Maqui) is a shrub or tree native to Chile with outstanding antioxidant activity, associated with its high content in anthocyanins, polyphenols, and flavonoids. Previous studies reveal different pharmacological properties for this berry, but its cardioprotective potential has been little studied. Despite having an abundant composition, and being rich in bioactive products with an antiplatelet role, there are few studies linking this berry with antiplatelet activity. This review summarizes and discusses relevant information on the cardioprotective potential of Maqui, based on its composition of bioactive compounds, mainly as a nutraceutical antiplatelet agent. Articles published between 2000 and 2022 in the following bibliographic databases were selected: PubMed, ScienceDirect, and Google Scholar. Our search revealed that Maqui is a promising cardiovascular target since extracts from this berry have direct effects on the reduction in cardiovascular risk factors (glucose index, obesity, diabetes, among others). Although studies on antiplatelet activity in this fruit are recent, its rich chemical composition clearly shows that the presence of chemical compounds (anthocyanins, flavonoids, phenolic acids, among others) with high antiplatelet potential can provide this berry with antiplatelet properties. These bioactive compounds have antiplatelet effects with multiple targets in the platelet, particularly, they have been related to the inhibition of thromboxane, thrombin, ADP, and GPVI receptors, or through the pathways by which these receptors stimulate platelet aggregation. Detailed studies are needed to clarify this gap in the literature, as well as to specifically evaluate the mechanism of action of Maqui extracts, due to the presence of phenolic compounds.
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Determination of the Bioactive Effect of Custard Apple By-Products by In Vitro Assays. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23169238. [PMID: 36012506 PMCID: PMC9409088 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23169238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2022] [Revised: 08/09/2022] [Accepted: 08/15/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Annona cherimola fruit, known as cherimoya or custard apple, is an exotic fruit from South America but is strongly produced in Andalusia, Spain. Its by-products (seeds and peel) are recognised as important sources of antioxidants, including phenolic acids, flavonoids and procyanidins. Therefore, the aim of this study was to carry out the characterization of its phenolic composition and to in vitro evaluate the bioactivity of custard apple seed and peel. Therefore, high performance liquid chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry (HPLC-ESI-qTOF-MS) was performed in order to tentatively identify their phenolic composition. In the end, 19 compounds were identified and quantified, some of them for the first time in the custard apple matrix. Then, seed and peel total phenolic content, as well as antioxidant properties, radical scavenging capacity (O2, NO, HOCl) and inhibition of enzymes involved in different pathologies (hyaluronidase, elastase, collagenase, tyrosinase, acetylcholinesterase and xanthine oxidase), were evaluated. Although both extracts showed almost similar antioxidant capacities, custard apple seed stood out slightly more than peel (171 ± 2 vs. 130.0 ± 0.4 μmol TE/g DE, resp.), especially as ·NO scavenger (IC50 1.5 ± 0.2 vs. 11.8 ± 0.3 mg/L, resp.) and hyaluronidase inhibitor (IC50 170 ± 10 vs. 460 ± 20mg/L, resp.). Finally, the application of extracts on a real human model of platelet aggregation was performed, reporting antiaggregatory effects in agonist-promoted platelet thrombus formation. All these results show that custard apple by-products are stated as interesting sources of bioactive compounds with multiple industrial applications for the development of high-added-value products, such as functional foods, nutraceuticals and cosmeceuticals, promoting the circular bioeconomy of these by-products.
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Rodríguez L, Plaza A, Méndez D, Carrasco B, Tellería F, Palomo I, Fuentes E. Antioxidant Capacity and Antiplatelet Activity of Aqueous Extracts of Common Bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) Obtained with Microwave and Ultrasound Assisted Extraction. PLANTS 2022; 11:plants11091179. [PMID: 35567181 PMCID: PMC9102907 DOI: 10.3390/plants11091179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2022] [Revised: 04/11/2022] [Accepted: 04/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Phaseolus vulgaris L. has beneficial effects on several chronic non-communicable diseases (e.g., cardiovascular diseases) related to oxidative stress. This redox state may influence platelet activation and aggregation; which is crucial in thrombus formation. In this work, the antiplatelet and antioxidant potential of aqueous extracts obtained by green processes, microwave-assisted extraction and ultrasound-assisted extraction, from 25 landraces of common beans were investigated. Phenol content and antioxidant potential were determined using the Folin-Ciocalteu method, total monomeric anthocyanin and ORAC assay, respectively. The antiplatelet potential of the extracts was explored by turbidimetry. Microwave extraction showed higher phenol content and antioxidant activity in most extracts. Soja landrace extract obtained by microwave-assisted extraction showed higher phenol content and antioxidant activity (893.45 ± 87.30 mg GAE/g and 35,642.85 ± 2588.88 ORAC μmolTE/g, respectively). Although most of the extracts obtained by microwave-assisted extraction showed antiplatelet activity, the extract of Hallado Aleman landrace obtained by ultrasound-assisted extraction (IC50 = 0.152 ± 0.018 mg/mL) had the highest antiplatelet potential. The extraction method, MAE and UAE, influences the biological potential of the beans, specifically the antiplatelet activity and antioxidant activity. The functional value of this legume for direct consumption by the population was evidenced, as well as its inclusion in food formulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lyanne Rodríguez
- Centro de Estudios en Alimentos Procesados (CEAP), CONICYT Programa Regional, Gore Maule R0912001, Casilla 1007, Talca 3480094, Chile; (L.R.); (A.P.); (D.M.); (B.C.)
| | - Andrea Plaza
- Centro de Estudios en Alimentos Procesados (CEAP), CONICYT Programa Regional, Gore Maule R0912001, Casilla 1007, Talca 3480094, Chile; (L.R.); (A.P.); (D.M.); (B.C.)
| | - Diego Méndez
- Centro de Estudios en Alimentos Procesados (CEAP), CONICYT Programa Regional, Gore Maule R0912001, Casilla 1007, Talca 3480094, Chile; (L.R.); (A.P.); (D.M.); (B.C.)
| | - Basilio Carrasco
- Centro de Estudios en Alimentos Procesados (CEAP), CONICYT Programa Regional, Gore Maule R0912001, Casilla 1007, Talca 3480094, Chile; (L.R.); (A.P.); (D.M.); (B.C.)
| | - Francisca Tellería
- Thrombosis Research Center, Medical Technology School, Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Immunohaematology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universidad de Talca, Talca 3480094, Chile;
| | - Iván Palomo
- Thrombosis Research Center, Medical Technology School, Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Immunohaematology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universidad de Talca, Talca 3480094, Chile;
- Correspondence: (I.P.); (E.F.)
| | - Eduardo Fuentes
- Thrombosis Research Center, Medical Technology School, Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Immunohaematology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universidad de Talca, Talca 3480094, Chile;
- Correspondence: (I.P.); (E.F.)
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González-Villagra J, Reyes-Díaz MM, Tighe-Neira R, Inostroza-Blancheteau C, Escobar AL, Bravo LA. Salicylic Acid Improves Antioxidant Defense System and Photosynthetic Performance in Aristotelia chilensis Plants Subjected to Moderate Drought Stress. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 11:plants11050639. [PMID: 35270109 PMCID: PMC8912461 DOI: 10.3390/plants11050639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2022] [Revised: 02/23/2022] [Accepted: 02/23/2022] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Salicylic acid (SA) has been shown to ameliorate drought stress. However, physiological and biochemical mechanisms involved in drought stress tolerance induced by SA in plants have not been well understood. Thus, this study aimed to study the role of SA application on enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidants, photosynthetic performance, and plant growth in A. chilensis plants subjected to moderate drought stress. One-year-old A. chilensis plants were subjected to 100% and 60% of field capacity. When plants reached moderate drought stress (average of stem water potential of -1.0 MPa, considered as moderate drought stress), a single SA application was performed on plants. Then, physiological and biochemical features were determined at different times during 14 days. Our study showed that SA application increased 13.5% plant growth and recovered 41.9% AN and 40.7% gs in drought-stressed plants on day 3 compared to drought-stressed plants without SA application. Interestingly, SOD and APX activities were increased 85% and 60%, respectively, in drought-stressed SA-treated plants on day 3. Likewise, SA improved 30% total phenolic content and 60% antioxidant capacity in drought-stressed A. chilensis plants. Our study provides insight into the SA mechanism to tolerate moderate drought stress in A. chilensis plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorge González-Villagra
- Departamento de Ciencias Agropecuarias y Acuícolas, Facultad de Recursos Naturales, Universidad Católica de Temuco, Temuco 4781312, Chile; (J.G.-V.); (R.T.-N.); (C.I.-B.)
- Núcleo de Investigación en Producción Alimentaria, Facultad de Recursos Naturales, Universidad Católica de Temuco, Temuco 4781312, Chile
| | - Marjorie M. Reyes-Díaz
- Departamento de Ciencias Químicas y Recursos Naturales, Facultad de Ingeniería y Ciencias, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco 4811230, Chile;
- Center of Plant, Soil Interaction and Natural Resources Biotechnology, Scientific and Technological Bioresource Nucleus (BIOREN), Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco 4811230, Chile;
| | - Ricardo Tighe-Neira
- Departamento de Ciencias Agropecuarias y Acuícolas, Facultad de Recursos Naturales, Universidad Católica de Temuco, Temuco 4781312, Chile; (J.G.-V.); (R.T.-N.); (C.I.-B.)
| | - Claudio Inostroza-Blancheteau
- Departamento de Ciencias Agropecuarias y Acuícolas, Facultad de Recursos Naturales, Universidad Católica de Temuco, Temuco 4781312, Chile; (J.G.-V.); (R.T.-N.); (C.I.-B.)
- Núcleo de Investigación en Producción Alimentaria, Facultad de Recursos Naturales, Universidad Católica de Temuco, Temuco 4781312, Chile
| | - Ana Luengo Escobar
- Center of Plant, Soil Interaction and Natural Resources Biotechnology, Scientific and Technological Bioresource Nucleus (BIOREN), Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco 4811230, Chile;
- Departamento de Ciencias Agronómicas y Recursos Naturales, Facultad de Ciencias Agropecuarias y Forestales, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco 4811230, Chile
| | - León A. Bravo
- Center of Plant, Soil Interaction and Natural Resources Biotechnology, Scientific and Technological Bioresource Nucleus (BIOREN), Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco 4811230, Chile;
- Departamento de Ciencias Agronómicas y Recursos Naturales, Facultad de Ciencias Agropecuarias y Forestales, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco 4811230, Chile
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Crisóstomo-Ayala KA, Sabater-Jara AB, Pérez Manriquez C, Ferreres F, Gil-Izquierdo Á, Pedreño MÁ, Hernández de la Torre M, Sanchez-Olate M, Ríos Leal DG. Comparative Study of Metabolomic Profile and Antioxidant Content of Adult and In Vitro Leaves of Aristotelia chilensis. PLANTS 2021; 11:plants11010037. [PMID: 35009040 PMCID: PMC8747544 DOI: 10.3390/plants11010037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2021] [Revised: 12/07/2021] [Accepted: 12/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
This work aimed to identify the bioactive compounds present in adult maqui (Aristotelia chilensis) leaves from different stages of development and seasons of the year and compare them with leaves obtained from maqui plants grown in vitro. The qualitative and quantitative analysis of maqui leaf extracts by HPLC-DAD-ESI-MSn showed the presence of different polyphenolic compounds classified into galloyl and caffeoyl quinic acids, ellagitannins and ellagic acid- and flavonoid-derivatives. In general, the total phenolic content of the in vitro samples was higher than that of ex vitro samples, whereas the total flavonoid content was higher in winter basal leaves. Additionally, the analysis by HPLC-MS showed that the extract from spring basal leaves was enriched in quercetin, catechin, kaempferol and 3-caffeoyl quinic acids, while in the in vitro leaves extract, quercetin was not present. As regards lipophilic compounds identified by GC/MS, the samples of in vitro leaves showed a high presence of α-tocopherol and β-sitosterol. In contrast, the samples of adult leaves presented a hight level of linolenic and linoleic acids. These results suggest that maqui leaves could be an excellent source of antioxidants and lipophilic compounds for many industries, such as the nutraceutical and pharmaceutical industries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karina Andrea Crisóstomo-Ayala
- Centro de Biotecnología, Facultad de Ciencias Forestales, Universidad de Concepción, Victoria 631, Barrio Universitario, Casilla 160-C-Correo 3, Concepcion 4030000, Chile; (M.H.d.l.T.); (M.S.-O.); (D.G.R.L.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Ana Belén Sabater-Jara
- Department of Plant Biology, Faculty of Biology, University of Murcia, 30100 Murcia, Spain; (A.B.S.-J.); (M.Á.P.)
| | - Claudia Pérez Manriquez
- Departamento de Botánica, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Oceanográficas, Universidad de Concepción, Barrio Universitario, Casilla 160-C, Concepcion 4030000, Chile;
| | - Federico Ferreres
- Department of Food Technology and Nutrition, Molecular Recognition and Encapsulation (REM) Group, Campus Los Jerónimos, Universidad Católica de Murcia, UCAM, s/n, 30107 Murcia, Spain;
| | - Ángel Gil-Izquierdo
- Research Group on Quality, Safety and Bioactivity of Plant Foods, Department of Food Science and Technology, CEBAS (CSIC), P.O. Box 164, 30100 Murcia, Spain;
| | - Maria Ángeles Pedreño
- Department of Plant Biology, Faculty of Biology, University of Murcia, 30100 Murcia, Spain; (A.B.S.-J.); (M.Á.P.)
| | - Martha Hernández de la Torre
- Centro de Biotecnología, Facultad de Ciencias Forestales, Universidad de Concepción, Victoria 631, Barrio Universitario, Casilla 160-C-Correo 3, Concepcion 4030000, Chile; (M.H.d.l.T.); (M.S.-O.); (D.G.R.L.)
| | - Manuel Sanchez-Olate
- Centro de Biotecnología, Facultad de Ciencias Forestales, Universidad de Concepción, Victoria 631, Barrio Universitario, Casilla 160-C-Correo 3, Concepcion 4030000, Chile; (M.H.d.l.T.); (M.S.-O.); (D.G.R.L.)
| | - Darcy Graciela Ríos Leal
- Centro de Biotecnología, Facultad de Ciencias Forestales, Universidad de Concepción, Victoria 631, Barrio Universitario, Casilla 160-C-Correo 3, Concepcion 4030000, Chile; (M.H.d.l.T.); (M.S.-O.); (D.G.R.L.)
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Regulation of Key Antiplatelet Pathways by Bioactive Compounds with Minimal Bleeding Risk. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222212380. [PMID: 34830261 PMCID: PMC8620148 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222212380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2021] [Revised: 09/16/2021] [Accepted: 09/20/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease is strongly influenced by platelet activation. Platelet activation and thrombus formation at atherosclerotic plaque rupture sites is a dynamic process regulated by different signaling networks. Therefore, there are now focused efforts to search for novel bioactive compounds which target receptors and pathways in the platelet activation process while preserving normal hemostatic function. The antiplatelet activity of numerous fruits and vegetables and their multiple mechanisms of action have recently been highlighted. In this review, we review the antiplatelet actions of bioactive compounds via key pathways (protein disulfide isomerase, mitogen-activated protein kinases, mitochondrial function, cyclic adenosine monophosphate, Akt, and shear stress-induced platelet aggregation) with no effects on bleeding time. Therefore, targeting these pathways might lead to the development of effective antiplatelet strategies that do not increase the risk of bleeding.
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Natural Antioxidants from Endemic Leaves in the Elaboration of Processed Meat Products: Current Status. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10091396. [PMID: 34573028 PMCID: PMC8466473 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10091396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2021] [Revised: 08/06/2021] [Accepted: 08/07/2021] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
During the last few years, consumers' demand for animal protein and healthier meat products has increased considerably. This has motivated researchers of the meat industry to create products that present healthier components while maintaining their safety, sensory characteristics, and shelf life. Concerning this, natural plant extracts have gained prominence because they can act as antioxidants and antimicrobials, increasing the stability and shelf life of processed meat products. It has been observed that the leaves of plant species (Moringa oleifera, Bidens pilosa, Eugenia uniflora, Olea europea, Prunus cerasus, Ribes nigrum, etc.) have a higher concentration and variety of polyphenols than other parts of the plants, such as fruits and stems. In Chile, there are two native berries, maqui (Aristotelia chilensis) and murtilla (Ugni molinae Turcz), that that stand out for their high concentrations of polyphenols. Recently, their polyphenols have been characterized, demonstrating their potential antioxidant and antimicrobial action and their bioactive action at cellular level. However, to date, there is little information on their use in the elaboration of meat products. Therefore, the objective of this review is to compile the most current data on the use of polyphenols from leaves of native plants in the elaboration of meat products and their effect on the oxidation, stability, and organoleptic characteristics during the shelf life of these products.
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