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Altina NH, Maranon DG, Anderson JR, Donaldson MK, Elmegerhi S, St Clair LA, Perera R, Geiss BJ, Wilusz J. The leader RNA of SARS-CoV-2 sequesters polypyrimidine tract binding protein (PTBP1) and influences pre-mRNA splicing in infected cells. Virology 2024; 592:109986. [PMID: 38290414 PMCID: PMC10923090 DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2024.109986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2023] [Revised: 12/02/2023] [Accepted: 01/04/2024] [Indexed: 02/01/2024]
Abstract
The large amount of viral RNA produced during infections has the potential to interact with and effectively sequester cellular RNA binding proteins, thereby influencing aspects of post-transcriptional gene regulation in the infected cell. Here we demonstrate that the abundant 5' leader RNA region of SARS-CoV-2 viral RNAs can interact with the cellular polypyrimidine tract binding protein (PTBP1). Interestingly, the effect of a knockdown of PTBP1 protein on cellular gene expression is also mimicked during SARS-CoV-2 infection, suggesting that this protein may be functionally sequestered by viral RNAs. Consistent with this model, the alternative splicing of mRNAs that is normally controlled by PTBP1 is dysregulated during SARS-CoV-2 infection. Collectively, these data suggest that the SARS-CoV-2 leader RNA sequesters the cellular PTBP1 protein during infection, resulting in significant impacts on the RNA biology of the host cell. These alterations in post-transcriptional gene regulation may play a role in SARS-CoV-2 mediated molecular pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noelia H Altina
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Pathology, Cell and Molecular Biology Graduate Program, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, 80523, USA
| | - David G Maranon
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Pathology, Cell and Molecular Biology Graduate Program, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, 80523, USA
| | - John R Anderson
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Pathology, Cell and Molecular Biology Graduate Program, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, 80523, USA
| | - Meghan K Donaldson
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Pathology, Cell and Molecular Biology Graduate Program, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, 80523, USA
| | - Suad Elmegerhi
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Pathology, Cell and Molecular Biology Graduate Program, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, 80523, USA
| | - Laura A St Clair
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Pathology, Cell and Molecular Biology Graduate Program, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, 80523, USA
| | - Rushika Perera
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Pathology, Cell and Molecular Biology Graduate Program, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, 80523, USA
| | - Brian J Geiss
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Pathology, Cell and Molecular Biology Graduate Program, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, 80523, USA
| | - Jeffrey Wilusz
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Pathology, Cell and Molecular Biology Graduate Program, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, 80523, USA.
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Azabdaftari A, Jones KDJ, Kammermeier J, Uhlig HH. Monogenic inflammatory bowel disease-genetic variants, functional mechanisms and personalised medicine in clinical practice. Hum Genet 2023; 142:599-611. [PMID: 35761107 DOI: 10.1007/s00439-022-02464-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2022] [Accepted: 06/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
Over 100 genes are associated with monogenic forms of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). These genes affect the epithelial barrier function, innate and adaptive immunity in the intestine, and immune tolerance. We provide an overview of newly discovered monogenic IBD genes and illustrate how a recently proposed taxonomy model can integrate phenotypes and shared pathways. We discuss how functional understanding of genetic disorders and clinical genomics supports personalised medicine for patients with monogenic IBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aline Azabdaftari
- Translational Gastroenterology Unit, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Kelsey D J Jones
- The Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Gastroenterology Department, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Jochen Kammermeier
- Gastroenterology Department, Evelina London Children's Hospital, London, UK
| | - Holm H Uhlig
- Translational Gastroenterology Unit, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
- NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, Oxford, UK.
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Lev A, Asleh M, Levy S, Lee YN, Simon AJ, Stepensky P, Nalbandyan K, Nahum A, Ben-Harosh M, Yablonski D, Broides A, Somech R. SLP76 Mutation Associated with Combined Immunodeficiency and EBV-Related Lymphoma. J Clin Immunol 2023; 43:625-635. [PMID: 36474126 DOI: 10.1007/s10875-022-01412-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2022] [Accepted: 11/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Increased susceptibility to develop severe forms of Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) infection in early age is a significant hallmark of an underlying primary immunodeficiency (PID). Here, we present immunologic and genetic evaluations of a 3-year-old child who was born to first-cousins parents and presented with recurrent infections, failure to thrive, and severe EBV-related infection and proliferation. A diagnosis of diffuse large B cell lymphoma was made and the immunological workup was suggestive of T cell immunodeficiency. Unfortunately, the patient succumbed to EBV-related lymphoma. Whole-exome sequencing revealed a novel homozygous mutation, c.991del.C; p. Q331Sfs*6 in the SLP76 gene. The SLP76 protein, a TCR signaling molecule, was recently linked to a human disease of the immune system. In order to examine the effect of this new SLP76 mutation on T cell signaling, a SLP76-deficient Jurkat-derived T cell line was transduced either with wild-type (WT), or with the specific SLP76 mutant, or with a mock vector. Downstream TCR signaling events, including ERK1/2 phosphorylation, CD69 expression, and Ca2 + mobilization, were reduced in cells harboring the reported mutation, linking this novel mutation to the expected immunological outcome. SLP76 deficiency should be added to the growing list of monogenetic diseases that predispose affected individuals to acquire severe and uncontrolled EBV infections and to develop substantial complications. This case further links mutations in the SLP76 gene to a significant human immunodeficiency and extends its clinical phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atar Lev
- Pediatric Department A and the Immunology Service, Jeffrey Modell Foundation Center; Edmond and Lily Safra Children's Hospital, Sheba Medical Center, affiliated to the Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel
| | - Mahdi Asleh
- Pediatric Hemato-Oncology Department, Soroka University Medical Center, Beer Sheva, Israel.,Joyce & Irving Goldman Medical School, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva, Israel
| | - Shiran Levy
- Pediatric Department A and the Immunology Service, Jeffrey Modell Foundation Center; Edmond and Lily Safra Children's Hospital, Sheba Medical Center, affiliated to the Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel
| | - Yu Nee Lee
- Pediatric Department A and the Immunology Service, Jeffrey Modell Foundation Center; Edmond and Lily Safra Children's Hospital, Sheba Medical Center, affiliated to the Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel
| | - Amos J Simon
- Pediatric Department A and the Immunology Service, Jeffrey Modell Foundation Center; Edmond and Lily Safra Children's Hospital, Sheba Medical Center, affiliated to the Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel.,Division of Haematology and Bone Marrow Transplantation, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel
| | - Polina Stepensky
- Department of Bone Marrow Transplantation, Hadassah Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Karen Nalbandyan
- Department of Pathology, Soroka University Medical Center, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva, Israel
| | - Amit Nahum
- Pediatrics Department A and the Primary Immunodeficiency Research Laboratory, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel
| | - Miriam Ben-Harosh
- Pediatric Hemato-Oncology Department, Soroka University Medical Center, Beer Sheva, Israel
| | - Deborah Yablonski
- Department of Immunology, Ruth and Bruce Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| | - Arnon Broides
- Pediatric Immunology, Soroka University Medical Center, Beer-Sheva, Israel
| | - Raz Somech
- Pediatric Department A and the Immunology Service, Jeffrey Modell Foundation Center; Edmond and Lily Safra Children's Hospital, Sheba Medical Center, affiliated to the Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel.
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Abstract
Almost 25 years have passed since a mutation of a formin gene, DIAPH1, was identified as being responsible for a human inherited disorder: a form of sensorineural hearing loss. Since then, our knowledge of the links between formins and disease has deepened considerably. Mutations of DIAPH1 and six other formin genes (DAAM2, DIAPH2, DIAPH3, FMN2, INF2 and FHOD3) have been identified as the genetic cause of a variety of inherited human disorders, including intellectual disability, renal disease, peripheral neuropathy, thrombocytopenia, primary ovarian insufficiency, hearing loss and cardiomyopathy. In addition, alterations in formin genes have been associated with a variety of pathological conditions, including developmental defects affecting the heart, nervous system and kidney, aging-related diseases, and cancer. This review summarizes the most recent discoveries about the involvement of formin alterations in monogenic disorders and other human pathological conditions, especially cancer, with which they have been associated. In vitro results and experiments in modified animal models are discussed. Finally, we outline the directions for future research in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Miguel A. Alonso
- Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain;
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