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St. Onge C, Pagare PP, Zheng Y, Arriaga M, Stevens DL, Mendez RE, Poklis JL, Halquist MS, Selley DE, Dewey WL, Banks ML, Zhang Y. Systematic Structure-Activity Relationship Study of Nalfurafine Analogues toward Development of Potentially Nonaddictive Pain Management Treatments. J Med Chem 2024; 67:9552-9574. [PMID: 38814086 PMCID: PMC11181328 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.4c00646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2024] [Revised: 05/08/2024] [Accepted: 05/22/2024] [Indexed: 05/31/2024]
Abstract
Despite the availability of numerous pain medications, the current array of Food and Drug Administration-approved options falls short in adequately addressing pain states for numerous patients and consequently worsens the opioid crisis. Thus, it is imperative for basic research to develop novel and nonaddictive pain medications. Toward addressing this clinical goal, nalfurafine (NLF) was chosen as a lead and its structure-activity relationship (SAR) systematically studied through design, syntheses, and in vivo characterization of 24 analogues. Two analogues, 21 and 23, showed longer durations of action than NLF in a warm-water tail immersion assay, produced in vivo effects primarily mediated by KOR and DOR, penetrated the blood-brain barrier, and did not function as reinforcers. Additionally, 21 produced fewer sedative effects than NLF. Taken together, these results aid the understanding of NLF SAR and provide insights for future endeavors in developing novel nonaddictive therapeutics to treat pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Celsey
M. St. Onge
- Department
of Medicinal Chemistry, Virginia Commonwealth
University, 800 E. Leigh
Street, Richmond, Virginia 23219, United States
| | - Piyusha P. Pagare
- Department
of Medicinal Chemistry, Virginia Commonwealth
University, 800 E. Leigh
Street, Richmond, Virginia 23219, United States
| | - Yi Zheng
- Department
of Medicinal Chemistry, Virginia Commonwealth
University, 800 E. Leigh
Street, Richmond, Virginia 23219, United States
| | - Michelle Arriaga
- Department
of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Virginia
Commonwealth University, 410 North 12th Street, Richmond, Virginia 23298, United States
| | - David L. Stevens
- Department
of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Virginia
Commonwealth University, 410 North 12th Street, Richmond, Virginia 23298, United States
| | - Rolando E. Mendez
- Department
of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Virginia
Commonwealth University, 410 North 12th Street, Richmond, Virginia 23298, United States
| | - Justin L. Poklis
- Department
of Pharmaceutics, Virginia Commonwealth
University, 410 North
12th Street, Richmond, Virginia 23298, United States
| | - Matthew S. Halquist
- Department
of Pharmaceutics, Virginia Commonwealth
University, 410 North
12th Street, Richmond, Virginia 23298, United States
| | - Dana E. Selley
- Department
of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Virginia
Commonwealth University, 410 North 12th Street, Richmond, Virginia 23298, United States
| | - William L. Dewey
- Department
of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Virginia
Commonwealth University, 410 North 12th Street, Richmond, Virginia 23298, United States
| | - Matthew L. Banks
- Department
of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Virginia
Commonwealth University, 410 North 12th Street, Richmond, Virginia 23298, United States
| | - Yan Zhang
- Department
of Medicinal Chemistry, Virginia Commonwealth
University, 800 E. Leigh
Street, Richmond, Virginia 23219, United States
- Department
of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Virginia
Commonwealth University, 410 North 12th Street, Richmond, Virginia 23298, United States
- Institute
for Drug and Alcohol Studies, 203 East Cary Street, Richmond, Virginia 23298, United States
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Abstract
This paper is the forty-fifth consecutive installment of the annual anthological review of research concerning the endogenous opioid system, summarizing articles published during 2022 that studied the behavioral effects of molecular, pharmacological and genetic manipulation of opioid peptides and receptors as well as effects of opioid/opiate agonists and antagonists. The review is subdivided into the following specific topics: molecular-biochemical effects and neurochemical localization studies of endogenous opioids and their receptors (1), the roles of these opioid peptides and receptors in pain and analgesia in animals (2) and humans (3), opioid-sensitive and opioid-insensitive effects of nonopioid analgesics (4), opioid peptide and receptor involvement in tolerance and dependence (5), stress and social status (6), learning and memory (7), eating and drinking (8), drug abuse and alcohol (9), sexual activity and hormones, pregnancy, development and endocrinology (10), mental illness and mood (11), seizures and neurologic disorders (12), electrical-related activity and neurophysiology (13), general activity and locomotion (14), gastrointestinal, renal and hepatic functions (15), cardiovascular responses (16), respiration and thermoregulation (17), and immunological responses (18).
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard J Bodnar
- Department of Psychology and Neuropsychology Doctoral Sub-Program, Queens College, City University of New York, Flushing, NY 11367, USA.
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3
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Bird MF, Hebbes CP, Tamang A, Willets JM, Thompson JP, Guerrini R, Calo G, Lambert DG. In vitro sepsis up-regulates Nociceptin/Orphanin FQ receptor expression and function on human T- but not B-cells. Br J Pharmacol 2023; 180:2298-2314. [PMID: 37021779 PMCID: PMC10953342 DOI: 10.1111/bph.16088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2022] [Revised: 02/24/2023] [Accepted: 03/16/2023] [Indexed: 04/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE In animal models of sepsis, increased activation of the Nociceptin/Orphanin FQ (N/OFQ) receptor NOP is associated with mortality and NOP antagonists improved survival. We have explored the role of the N/OFQ-NOP system in freshly isolated volunteer human B- and T-cells incubated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and peptidoglycan G (PepG) as a model of in vitro sepsis. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH B- and T-cell NOP expression was measured using the NOP fluorescent probe N/OFQATTO594 , N/OFQ content was measured using immunofluorescence, N/OFQ release was tracked using a CHOhNOPGαiq5 biosensor assay and NOP function was measured using transwell migration and cytokine/chemokine release using a 25-plex assay format. Cells were challenged with LPS/PepG. KEY RESULTS CD19-positive B-cells bound N/OFQATTO594 ; they also contain N/OFQ. Stimulation with CXCL13/IL-4 increased N/OFQ release. N/OFQ trended to reduced migration to CXCL13/IL-4. Surface NOP expression was unaffected by LPS/PepG, but this treatment increased GM-CSF release in an N/OFQ sensitive manner. CD3-positive T-cells did not bind N/OFQATTO594 ; they did contain N/OFQ. Stimulation with CXCL12/IL-6 increased N/OFQ release. When incubated with LPS/PepG, NOP surface expression was induced leading to N/OFQATTO594 binding. In LPS/PepG-treated cells, N/OFQ reduced migration to CXCL12/IL-6. LPS/PepG increased GM-CSF release in an N/OFQ sensitive manner. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS We suggest both a constitutive and sepsis-inducible N/OFQ-NOP receptor autocrine regulation of B- and T-cell function, respectively. These NOP receptors variably inhibit migration and reduce GM-CSF release. These data provide mechanistic insights to the detrimental role for increased N/OFQ signalling in sepsis and suggest a potential role for NOP antagonists as treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark F. Bird
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Anaesthesia, Critical Care and Pain ManagementUniversity of LeicesterLeicesterUK
| | - Christopher P. Hebbes
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Anaesthesia, Critical Care and Pain ManagementUniversity of LeicesterLeicesterUK
| | | | | | - Jonathan P. Thompson
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Anaesthesia, Critical Care and Pain ManagementUniversity of LeicesterLeicesterUK
| | - Remo Guerrini
- Department of Chemical, Pharmaceutical and Agricultural SciencesUniversity of FerraraFerraraItaly
| | - Girolamo Calo
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological SciencesUniversity of PadovaPaduaItaly
| | - David G. Lambert
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Anaesthesia, Critical Care and Pain ManagementUniversity of LeicesterLeicesterUK
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4
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Lambert DG. Opioids and opioid receptors; understanding pharmacological mechanisms as a key to therapeutic advances and mitigation of the misuse crisis. BJA OPEN 2023; 6:100141. [PMID: 37588171 PMCID: PMC10430815 DOI: 10.1016/j.bjao.2023.100141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2023] [Revised: 04/05/2023] [Accepted: 04/12/2023] [Indexed: 08/18/2023]
Abstract
Opioids are a mainstay in acute pain management and produce their effects and side effects (e.g., tolerance, opioid-use disorder and immune suppression) by interaction with opioid receptors. I will discuss opioid pharmacology in some controversial areas of enquiry of anaesthetic relevance. The main opioid target is the µ (mu,MOP) receptor but other members of the opioid receptor family, δ (delta; DOP) and κ (kappa; KOP) opioid receptors also produce analgesic actions. These are naloxone-sensitive. There is important clinical development relating to the Nociceptin/Orphanin FQ (NOP) receptor, an opioid receptor that is not naloxone-sensitive. Better understanding of the drivers for opioid effects and side effects may facilitate separation of side effects and production of safer drugs. Opioids bind to the receptor orthosteric site to produce their effects and can engage monomer or homo-, heterodimer receptors. Some ligands can drive one intracellular pathway over another. This is the basis of biased agonism (or functional selectivity). Opioid actions at the orthosteric site can be modulated allosterically and positive allosteric modulators that enhance opioid action are in development. As well as targeting ligand-receptor interaction and transduction, modulating receptor expression and hence function is also tractable. There is evidence for epigenetic associations with different types of pain and also substance misuse. As long as the opioid narrative is defined by the 'opioid crisis' the drive to remove them could gather pace. This will deny use where they are effective, and access to morphine for pain relief in low income countries.
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Li N, Xiao J, Niu J, Zhang M, Shi Y, Yu B, Zhang Q, Chen D, Zhang N, Fang Q. Synergistic interaction between DAMGO-NH 2 and NOP01 in peripherally acting antinociception in two mouse models of formalin pain. Peptides 2023; 161:170943. [PMID: 36621672 DOI: 10.1016/j.peptides.2023.170943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2022] [Revised: 01/05/2023] [Accepted: 01/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
The most commonly used opioid analgesics are limited by their severe side-effects in the clinical treatment of pain. Preliminary reports indicate that the combination of classical opioids and N/OFQ receptor (NOP) ligands may be an effective strategy to reduce unwanted side-effects and improve antinociception. But the interaction of these two receptor ligands in pain regulation at the peripheral level remains unclear. In this study, the antinociception of a designed amide analogue of the mu opioid receptor (MOP) peptide agonist DAMGO, DAMGO-NH2, and its antinociceptive interaction with the peripherally limited NOP peptide agonist NOP01 was investigated in two mouse models of formalin pain. Our results showed that DAMGO-NH2 acted as a MOP agonist in in vitro functional assays. Moreover, local subcutaneous or intraplantar injection of DAMGO-NH2 exerted dose-related antinociception in both phases of the formalin orofacial and intraplantar pain, which could be mediated by the classical opioid receptor. Peripheral but not central pretreatment with the peripherally restricted opioid antagonist naloxone methiodide inhibited local DAMGO-NH2-induced antinociception, supporting the involvement of the peripheral opioid receptor in local DAMGO-NH2-induced antinociception. Furthermore, co-administration of the inactive doses of DAMGO-NH2 and NOP01 produced effective antinociception. More importantly, isobolographic analysis indicates that the combination of DAMGO-NH2 and NOP01 elicited supra-additive antinociception in these two models of formalin pain. In addition, the combination of DAMGO-NH2 and NOP01 did not change motor function of mice in rotarod test. In conclusion, these data suggest that peripheral DAMGO-NH2 and particularly its combination therapy with NOP01 may be effective for pain management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning Li
- Key Laboratory of Preclinical Study for New Drugs of Gansu Province, and Institute of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, 199 Donggang West Road, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Jian Xiao
- Key Laboratory of Preclinical Study for New Drugs of Gansu Province, and Institute of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, 199 Donggang West Road, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Jiandong Niu
- Key Laboratory of Preclinical Study for New Drugs of Gansu Province, and Institute of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, 199 Donggang West Road, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Mengna Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Preclinical Study for New Drugs of Gansu Province, and Institute of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, 199 Donggang West Road, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Yonghang Shi
- Key Laboratory of Preclinical Study for New Drugs of Gansu Province, and Institute of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, 199 Donggang West Road, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Bowen Yu
- Key Laboratory of Preclinical Study for New Drugs of Gansu Province, and Institute of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, 199 Donggang West Road, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Qinqin Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Preclinical Study for New Drugs of Gansu Province, and Institute of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, 199 Donggang West Road, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Dan Chen
- Key Laboratory of Preclinical Study for New Drugs of Gansu Province, and Institute of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, 199 Donggang West Road, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Nan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Preclinical Study for New Drugs of Gansu Province, and Institute of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, 199 Donggang West Road, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Quan Fang
- Key Laboratory of Preclinical Study for New Drugs of Gansu Province, and Institute of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, 199 Donggang West Road, Lanzhou 730000, China.
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6
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Opioid-Modulated Receptor Localization and Erk1/2 Phosphorylation in Cells Coexpressing μ-Opioid and Nociceptin Receptors. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24021048. [PMID: 36674576 PMCID: PMC9865058 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24021048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2022] [Revised: 12/30/2022] [Accepted: 01/03/2023] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
We attempted to examine the alterations elicited by opioids via coexpressed μ-opioid (MOP) and nociceptin/orphanin FQ (NOP) receptors for receptor localization and Erk1/2 (p44/42 MAPK) in human embryonic kidney (HEK) 293 cells. Through two-photon microscopy, the proximity of MOP and NOP receptors was verified by fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET), and morphine but not buprenorphine facilitated the process of MOP-NOP heterodimerization. Single-particle tracking (SPT) further revealed that morphine or buprenorphine hindered the movement of the MOP-NOP heterodimers. After exposure to morphine or buprenorphine, receptor localization on lipid rafts was detected by immunocytochemistry, and phosphorylation of Erk1/2 was determined by immunoblotting in HEK 293 cells expressing MOP, NOP, or MOP+NOP receptors. Colocalization of MOP and NOP on lipid rafts was enhanced by morphine but not buprenorphine. Morphine stimulated the phosphorylation of Erk1/2 with a similar potency in HEK 293 cells expressing MOP and MOP+NOP receptors, but buprenorphine appeared to activate Erk1/2 solely through NOP receptors. Our results suggest that opioids can fine-tune the cellular localization of opioid receptors and phosphorylation of Erk1/2 in MOP+NOP-expressing cells.
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7
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Giakomidi D, Khemiri S, Mahbuba W, McVey DG, Al-Janabi F, Guerrini R, Calo G, Ye S, Lambert DG. Nociceptin/Orphanin FQ receptor expression in primary human umbilical vein endothelial cells is not regulated by exposure to breast cancer cell media or angiogenic stimuli. BJA OPEN 2022; 4:100110. [PMID: 37588788 PMCID: PMC10430811 DOI: 10.1016/j.bjao.2022.100110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2022] [Accepted: 10/20/2022] [Indexed: 08/18/2023]
Abstract
Background Opioid receptors are naloxone-sensitive (MOP [mu: μ], DOP [delta: δ], and KOP [kappa: κ]) and naloxone-insensitive Nociceptin/Orphanin FQ (N/OFQ) peptide receptor (NOP). Clinically, most opioid analgesics target MOP. Angiogenesis is the formation of new blood vessels and involves endothelial cell activation, proliferation, and migration. The effect of opioids on this process is controversial with no data for NOP receptor ligands. Methods We used patient-derived human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) treated with media from the Michigan Cancer Foundation-7 (MCF-7) breast cancer cells or vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF; 10 ng ml-1) and fibroblast growth factor (FGF; 10 ng ml-1) as angiogenic stimuli. We have measured (i) NOP/MOP messenger RNA, (ii) receptor protein using N/OFQATTO594 and DermorphinATTO488 as fluorescent probes for NOP and MOP, and (iii) NOP/MOP function in a wound healing assay (crude measure of migration that occurs during angiogenesis). Results HUVEC lines from 32 patients were used. Using all 32 lines, mRNA for NOP but not MOP was detected. This was unaffected by media from MCF-7 cells or VEGF/FGF. There was no binding of either N/OFQATTO594(NOP) or DermorphinATTO488(MOP) in the absence or presence of angiogenic stimuli (six lines tested). In the absence of MOP mRNA, this was expected. Whilst MCF-7 conditioned medium (not VEGF/FGF) reduced wound healing per se (14 lines tested), there was no effect of N/OFQ (NOP ligand) or morphine (MOP ligand). Conclusions Media from MCF-7 breast cancer cells or VEGF/FGF as angiogenic stimuli did not influence NOP translation into receptor protein. MOP was absent. In the absence of constitutive or inducible MOP/NOP, there was no effect on wound healing as a measure of angiogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Despina Giakomidi
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Anaesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Management, Hodgkin Building, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
| | - Sonja Khemiri
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Anaesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Management, Hodgkin Building, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
| | - Wadhah Mahbuba
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Anaesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Management, Hodgkin Building, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
| | - David G. McVey
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences and NIHR Leicester Biomedical Research Centre, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
| | - Fatin Al-Janabi
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences and NIHR Leicester Biomedical Research Centre, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
| | - Remo Guerrini
- Department of Chemical, Pharmaceutical and Agricultural Sciences, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Girolamo Calo
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Shu Ye
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences and NIHR Leicester Biomedical Research Centre, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
| | - David G. Lambert
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Anaesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Management, Hodgkin Building, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
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8
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Caminski ES, Antunes FTT, Souza IA, Dallegrave E, Zamponi GW. Regulation of N-type calcium channels by nociceptin receptors and its possible role in neurological disorders. Mol Brain 2022; 15:95. [PMID: 36434658 PMCID: PMC9700961 DOI: 10.1186/s13041-022-00982-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2022] [Accepted: 11/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Activation of nociceptin opioid peptide receptors (NOP, a.k.a. opioid-like receptor-1, ORL-1) by the ligand nociceptin/orphanin FQ, leads to G protein-dependent regulation of Cav2.2 (N-type) voltage-gated calcium channels (VGCCs). This typically causes a reduction in calcium currents, triggering changes in presynaptic calcium levels and thus neurotransmission. Because of the widespread expression patterns of NOP and VGCCs across multiple brain regions, the dorsal horn of the spinal cord, and the dorsal root ganglia, this results in the alteration of numerous neurophysiological features. Here we review the regulation of N-type calcium channels by the NOP-nociceptin system in the context of neurological conditions such as anxiety, addiction, and pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emanuelle Sistherenn Caminski
- grid.412344.40000 0004 0444 6202Graduate Program in Health Sciences, Laboratory of Research in Toxicology (LAPETOX), Federal University of Health Sciences of Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, RS Brazil
| | - Flavia Tasmin Techera Antunes
- grid.22072.350000 0004 1936 7697Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB Canada ,grid.22072.350000 0004 1936 7697Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB Canada
| | - Ivana Assis Souza
- grid.22072.350000 0004 1936 7697Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB Canada ,grid.22072.350000 0004 1936 7697Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB Canada
| | - Eliane Dallegrave
- grid.412344.40000 0004 0444 6202Graduate Program in Health Sciences, Laboratory of Research in Toxicology (LAPETOX), Federal University of Health Sciences of Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, RS Brazil
| | - Gerald W. Zamponi
- grid.22072.350000 0004 1936 7697Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB Canada ,grid.22072.350000 0004 1936 7697Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB Canada
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9
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Qiu Q, Chew JCJ, Irwin MG. Opioid MOP receptor agonists in late-stage development for the treatment of postoperative pain. Expert Opin Pharmacother 2022; 23:1831-1843. [DOI: 10.1080/14656566.2022.2141566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Qiu Qiu
- Department of Anaesthesiology, Queen Mary Hospital, Hong Kong, Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Joshua CJ Chew
- Department of Anaesthesiology, Queen Mary Hospital, Hong Kong, Special Administrative Region, China
- Department of Anaesthesiology, The University of Hong Kong, Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Michael G Irwin
- Department of Anaesthesiology, The University of Hong Kong, Special Administrative Region, China
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10
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In vitro sepsis induces Nociceptin/Orphanin FQ receptor (NOP) expression in primary human vascular endothelial but not smooth muscle cells. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0274080. [PMID: 36107872 PMCID: PMC9477356 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0274080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2022] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Sepsis is a dysregulated host response to infection that can cause widespread effects on other organs including cardiovascular depression, hypotension and organ failure. The receptor for Nociceptin/Orphanin FQ (N/OFQ), NOP is expressed on immune cells and these cells can release the peptide. Exogenous N/OFQ can dilate blood vessels and this peptide is increased in animal and human sepsis. We hypothesise that NOP receptors are present on vascular endothelial cells and therefore provide the target for released N/OFQ to cause vasodilation and hence hypotension. Using human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC) and human vascular smooth muscle cells (HVSMC) freshly prepared from umbilical cords and up to passage 4, we assessed NOP mRNA expression by Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR), NOP surface receptor expression using a fluorescent NOP selective probe (N/OFQATTO594) and NOP receptor function with N/OFQ stimulated ERK1/2 phosphorylation. As an in vitro sepsis mimic we variably incubated cells with 100ng/ml Lipopolysaccharide and Peptidoglycan G (LPS/PepG). HUVECs express NOP mRNA and this was reduced by ~80% (n = 49) after 24–48 hours treatment with LPS/PepG. Untreated cells do not express surface NOP receptors but when treated with LPS/PepG the reduced mRNA was translated into protein visualised by N/OFQATTO594 binding (n = 49). These NOP receptors in treated cells produced an N/OFQ (1μM) driven increase in ERK1/2 phosphorylation (n = 20). One (of 50) HUVEC lines expressed NOP mRNA and receptor protein in the absence of LPS/PepG treatment. In contrast, HVSMC expressed NOP mRNA and surface receptor protein (n = 10) independently of LPS/PepG treatment. These receptors were also coupled to ERK1/2 where N/OFQ (1μM) increased phosphorylation. Collectively these data show that an in vitro sepsis mimic (LPS/PepG) upregulates functional NOP expression in the vascular endothelium. Activation of these endothelial receptors as suggested from in vivo whole animal work may contribute to the hypotensive response seen in sepsis. Moreover, blockade of these receptors might be a useful adjunct in the treatment of sepsis.
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11
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Zhang L, Stamer UM, Huang MYY, Stüber F. Interactions between the Nociceptin and Toll-like Receptor Systems. Cells 2022; 11:1085. [PMID: 35406649 PMCID: PMC8997556 DOI: 10.3390/cells11071085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2022] [Revised: 03/14/2022] [Accepted: 03/20/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Nociceptin and the nociceptin receptor (NOP) have been described as targets for treatment of pain and inflammation, whereas toll-like receptors (TLRs) play key roles in inflammation and impact opioid receptors and endogenous opioids expression. In this study, interactions between the nociceptin and TLR systems were investigated. Human THP-1 cells were cultured with or without phorbol myristate acetate (PMA 5 ng/mL), agonists specific for TLR2 (lipoteichoic acid, LTA 10 µg/mL), TLR4 (lipopolysaccharide, LPS 100 ng/mL), TLR7 (imiquimod, IMQ 10 µg/mL), TLR9 (oligonucleotide (ODN) 2216 1 µM), PMA+TLR agonists, or nociceptin (0.01−100 nM). Prepronociceptin (ppNOC), NOP, and TLR mRNAs were quantified by RT-qPCR. Proteins were measured using flow cytometry. PMA upregulated ppNOC mRNA, intracellular nociceptin, and cell membrane NOP proteins (all p < 0.05). LTA and LPS prevented PMA’s upregulating effects on ppNOC mRNA and nociceptin protein (both p < 0.05). IMQ and ODN 2216 attenuated PMA’s effects on ppNOC mRNA. PMA, LPS, IMQ, and ODN 2216 increased NOP protein levels (all p < 0.05). PMA+TLR agonists had no effects on NOP compared to PMA controls. Nociceptin dose-dependently suppressed TLR2, TLR4, TLR7, and TLR9 proteins (all p < 0.01). Antagonistic effects observed between the nociceptin and TLR systems suggest that the nociceptin system plays an anti-inflammatory role in monocytes under inflammatory conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lan Zhang
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, 3010 Bern, Switzerland; (U.M.S.); (M.Y.-Y.H.); (F.S.)
- Department for BioMedical Research, University of Bern, 3008 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Ulrike M. Stamer
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, 3010 Bern, Switzerland; (U.M.S.); (M.Y.-Y.H.); (F.S.)
- Department for BioMedical Research, University of Bern, 3008 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Melody Ying-Yu Huang
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, 3010 Bern, Switzerland; (U.M.S.); (M.Y.-Y.H.); (F.S.)
- Department for BioMedical Research, University of Bern, 3008 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Frank Stüber
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, 3010 Bern, Switzerland; (U.M.S.); (M.Y.-Y.H.); (F.S.)
- Department for BioMedical Research, University of Bern, 3008 Bern, Switzerland
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