1
|
Shool S, Piri SM, Ghodsi Z, Tabrizi R, Amirzade-Iranaq MH, Mashayekhi M, Dabbagh Ohadi MA, Mojtabavi K, Abbasnezhad R, Vasighi K, Atlasi R, Ansari-Moghaddam A, Taghi Heydari S, Sharif-Alhoseini M, Shafieian M, O'Reilly G, Rahimi-Movaghar V. The prevalence of helmet use in motorcyclists around the world: a systematic review and meta-analysis of 5,006,476 participants. Int J Inj Contr Saf Promot 2024; 31:431-469. [PMID: 38628097 DOI: 10.1080/17457300.2024.2335509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2023] [Revised: 01/13/2024] [Accepted: 03/23/2024] [Indexed: 08/25/2024]
Abstract
Road traffic injuries present a significant public health burden, especially in developing countries. This systematic review and meta-analysis synthesized global evidence on motorcycle helmet use prevalence by including 299 records across 249 articles involving 5,006,476 participants from 1982 to 2022. The findings revealed a declining trend in helmet use prevalence over the past four decades, with an overall prevalence of 48.71%. The meta-regression analysis did not find any statistically significant change in the overall prevalence. Subgroup analysis showed higher helmet use prevalence in observation/survey records (54.29%) compared to crashed patient records (44.84%). Riders/Motorcyclists demonstrated a higher likelihood of wearing helmets than passengers in both observation/survey records (62.61 vs. 28.23%) and crashed patient records (47.76 vs. 26.61%). Countries with mandatory helmet use laws had higher helmet usage prevalence compared to those without (52.26 vs. 37.21%). The African continent had the lowest helmet use rates, while Latin America and the Caribbean regions had higher rates. This study provides a comprehensive overview of global helmet use prevalence, emphasizing disparities between high and low-income countries, variations in law enforcement, and trends over four decades. Targeted interventions are necessary to improve helmet-wearing habits, especially among passengers and regions with low usage rates. Effective legislation and awareness campaigns are crucial for promoting helmet use and reducing road traffic injuries burden.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sina Shool
- Sina Trauma and Surgery Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Seyed Mohammad Piri
- Sina Trauma and Surgery Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Zahra Ghodsi
- Sina Trauma and Surgery Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Brain and Spinal Cord Injury Research Center, Neuroscience Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Reza Tabrizi
- Noncommunicable Diseases Research Center, Fasa University of Medical Sciences, Fasa, Iran
| | - Mohammad Hosein Amirzade-Iranaq
- Sina Trauma and Surgery Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Universal Network of Interdisciplinary Research in Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery (UNIROMS), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahdieh Mashayekhi
- Faculty of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Kurosh Mojtabavi
- Sina Trauma and Surgery Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Reyhane Abbasnezhad
- Sina Trauma and Surgery Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Kasra Vasighi
- Department of Occupational Therapy, School of Paramedical Sciences, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran
| | - Rasha Atlasi
- Evidence based Practice Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Seyed Taghi Heydari
- Health Policy Research Center, Institute of Health, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Mahdi Sharif-Alhoseini
- Sina Trauma and Surgery Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mehdi Shafieian
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Amirkabir University of Technology (Tehran Polytechnic), Tehran, Iran
| | - Gerard O'Reilly
- Emergency and Trauma Centre, Alfred Health, Melbourne, Australia
- School of Public Health & Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
- National Trauma and Research Institute, Alfred Health, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Vafa Rahimi-Movaghar
- Sina Trauma and Surgery Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Brain and Spinal Cord Injury Research Center, Neuroscience Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shariati Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Habte YW, Shao B, Pajer HB, Ma KL, Abicho TB, Feleke Y, Bizuneh YA, Laeke T, Tirsit A, Spader HS. Profile of Patients Receiving Computed Tomography Scans for Mild Traumatic Brain Injury in a Tertiary Care Hospital in Ethiopia. World Neurosurg 2024; 186:e673-e682. [PMID: 38608809 DOI: 10.1016/j.wneu.2024.04.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2024] [Accepted: 04/05/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a leading contributor to emergency department (ED) mortalities in Ethiopia. Mild TBI patients comprise half of all TBI patients presenting for care in Ethiopia and have a high potential for recovery. As such, context-specific care-improving strategies may be highly impactful for this group of patients. OBJECTIVE This study examines the presentation and disposition of mTBI patients who received a computed tomography scan of the head upon arrival at the largest teaching hospital in Ethiopia. METHODS A retrospective cohort study was conducted from 2018 to2021 including patients >13 years old with a head injury and a Glasgow Coma Score of 13-15 who obtained a computed tomography scan of the head. Variables were collected from medical charts and single and multivariable analyses assessed outcomes of clinically important TBI (ciTBI) requiring a neurosurgical procedure or admission. RESULTS A total of 193 patients were included. They were predominantly young men with no comorbidities, injured in road traffic accidents or by assault, had stable vital signs and were treated in lower-acuity ED areas. A minority demonstrated focal deficits, and 29.5% of patients had ciTBI. Most patients were discharged from the ED, but 13% were taken for operative neurosurgical procedures and 10.4% were admitted to the neurosurgery ward for observation. ED stays ranged from 8 hours to 10 days, as patients waited for CT availability, neurosurgical decision, or transportation. Female sex was independently protective of ciTBI. Self-referral status was independently protective against operative intervention. Female sex and self-referral status were independently protective of a disposition of admission and/or going to the operating room. CONCLUSIONS This study characterizes the mTBI subgroup of head injury patients in Ethiopia's busiest ED: predominantly healthy young men with low-acuity presentations and only a fraction with abnormal neurological examinations. Nonetheless, about one-third had ciTBI and a minority were taken for neurosurgical procedures or admission, with female sex and self-referral identified as protective factors. Meanwhile, many patients stayed in the ED for days due to social or other nonmedical reasons. As TBI care in Ethiopia continues to improve, optimizing care for the mTBI subgroup is tantamount given their high recovery potential. This care will benefit from efficiently identifying those who need intervention or hospital level of care, and discharging those who do not.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Belinda Shao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, USA
| | - Hengameh B Pajer
- Department of Emergency Medicine, HCA Houston Kingwood, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Kevin L Ma
- Department of Neurosurgery, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, USA
| | | | | | | | - Tsegazeab Laeke
- Addis Ababa University, College of Health Sciences, Black Lion Specialized Hospital, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Abenezer Tirsit
- Addis Ababa University, College of Health Sciences, Black Lion Specialized Hospital, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Heather S Spader
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Virginia, Charlottesville Virginia, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Dong X, Zhang D, Wang C, Zhang T. Analysis of factors influencing the degree of accidental injury of bicycle riders considering data heterogeneity and imbalance. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0301293. [PMID: 38743677 PMCID: PMC11093317 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0301293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2023] [Accepted: 03/12/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Bicycle safety has emerged as a pressing concern within the vulnerable transportation community. Numerous studies have been conducted to identify the significant factors that contribute to the severity of cyclist injuries, yet the findings have been subject to uncertainty due to unobserved heterogeneity and class imbalance. This research aims to address these issues by developing a model to examine the impact of key factors on cyclist injury severity, accounting for data heterogeneity and imbalance. To incorporate unobserved heterogeneity, a total of 3,895 bicycle accidents were categorized into three homogeneous sub-accident clusters using Latent Class Cluster Analysis (LCA). Additionally, five over-sampling techniques were employed to mitigate the effects of data imbalance in each accident cluster category. Subsequently, Bayesian Network (BN) structure learning algorithms were utilized to construct 32 BN models after pairing the accident data from the four accident cluster types before and after sampling. The optimal BN models for each accident cluster type provided insights into the key factors associated with cyclist injury severity. The results indicate that the key factors influencing serious cyclist injuries vary heterogeneously across different accident clusters. Female cyclists, adverse weather conditions such as rain and snow, and off-peak periods were identified as key factors in several subclasses of accident clusters. Conversely, factors such as the week of the accident, characteristics of the trafficway, the season, drivers failing to yield to the right-of-way, distracted cyclists, and years of driving experience were found to be key factors in only one subcluster of accident clusters. Additionally, factors such as the time of the crash, gender of the cyclist, and weather conditions exhibit varying levels of heterogeneity across different accident clusters, and in some cases, exhibit opposing effects.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xinchi Dong
- School of Automobile and Transportation, Xihua University, Chengdu, China
| | - Daowen Zhang
- School of Automobile and Transportation, Xihua University, Chengdu, China
- Vehicle Measurement Control and Safety Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Xihua University, Chengdu, China
| | - Chaojian Wang
- School of Automobile and Transportation, Xihua University, Chengdu, China
- Faculty of Engineering and Technology, Sichuan Sanhe College of Professionals, Luzhou, China
| | - Tianshu Zhang
- Computer and Mathematical Sciences, The University of Adelaide, North Terrace Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Abdi N, Robertson T, Petrucka P, Crizzle AM. Do motorcycle helmets reduce road traffic injuries, hospitalizations and mortalities in low and lower-middle income countries in Africa? A systematic review and meta-analysis. BMC Public Health 2022; 22:824. [PMID: 35468751 PMCID: PMC9036710 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-022-13138-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2020] [Accepted: 04/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Studies in Africa have examined the association between helmet use and injury prevention, however, there has been no systematic review to synthesize the literature within an African context nor has there been any meta-analysis examining the effect of helmet use on injury prevention. METHODS The review was performed in accordance with the Joanna Briggs Institute for Systematic Reviews. Articles were searched using several databases (e.g. CINAHL, OVID Medline) and select gray literature (e.g. TRID) sources. Articles were included if they were quantitative studies published in English between 2000 and 2019 and examined the association between motorcycle helmet use with head injuries, hospitalizations, and deaths in low- and lower-middle income countries in Africa with comprehensive motorcycle helmet laws. A meta-analysis was performed using pooled effect sizes assessing the impact of helmet use on reducing head injuries. RESULTS After screening 491 articles, eight studies met the inclusion criteria. Helmet use ranged from 0 to 43%. The mean age of being involved in a crash was 30 years with males being two times more likely to be involved in motorcycle crashes than females. Drivers (riders) were more likely to be involved in a crash, followed by passengers and then pedestrians. Helmet use reduced injury severity and provided an 88% reduction in serious head injuries (OR 0.118, 95% CI: 0.014-0.968, p = 0.049). CONCLUSIONS In our study, helmet usage significantly reduced the likelihood of fatal head injuries. African countries with no helmet laws should consider adopting helmet use policies to reduce severe head related injuries from motorcycle crashes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nadifa Abdi
- School of Public Health, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Canada
| | - Tara Robertson
- School of Public Health, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Canada
| | - Pammla Petrucka
- College of Nursing, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Canada
| | | |
Collapse
|