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Jin H, Du Z, Fan X, Qin L, Liu W, Zhang Y, Ren J, Ye C, Liu Q. Effect of Guanidinoacetic Acid on Production Performance, Serum Biochemistry, Meat Quality and Rumen Fermentation in Hu Sheep. Animals (Basel) 2024; 14:2052. [PMID: 39061514 PMCID: PMC11273408 DOI: 10.3390/ani14142052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2024] [Revised: 07/08/2024] [Accepted: 07/10/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Guanidinoacetic acid (GAA) can effectively improve the metabolism of energy and proteins by stimulating creatine biosynthesis. We present a study exploring the impact of GAA on production performance, serum biochemistry, meat quality and rumen fermentation in Hu sheep. A total of 144 weaned male Hu sheep (body weight 16.91 ± 3.1 kg) were randomly assigned to four groups with three replicates of twelve sheep in each group. The diets were supplemented with 0 (CON), 500 (GAA-1), 750 (GAA-2) and 1000 mg/kg (GAA-3) of GAA (weight of feed), respectively. After a comprehensive 90-day experimental period, we discovered that the supplementation of GAA had a remarkable impact on various muscle parameters. Specifically, it significantly enhanced the average daily growth (ADG) of the animals and improved the shear force and fiber diameter of the muscle, while also reducing the drip loss and muscle fiber density. Furthermore, the addition of GAA to the feed notably elevated the serum concentrations of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), total protein (TP) and globulin (GLB), as well as the enzyme activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px). Concurrently, there was a decrease in the levels of triglycerides (TG) and malondialdehyde (MDA) in the serum. In addition, GAA decreased the pH and the acetate-to-propionate ratio and increased the total volatile fatty acids (TVFA) and ammoniacal nitrogen (NH3-N) levels of rumen fluid. Additionally, GAA upregulated acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC) gene expression in the Hu sheep's muscles. In conclusion, our findings suggest that GAA supplementation not only enhances muscle quality but also positively affects serum biochemistry and ruminal metabolism, making it a potential candidate for improving the overall health and performance of Hu sheep.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Changchuan Ye
- Department of Animal Science, College of Animal Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China; (H.J.); (Z.D.); (X.F.); (L.Q.); (W.L.); (Y.Z.); (J.R.)
| | - Qinghua Liu
- Department of Animal Science, College of Animal Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China; (H.J.); (Z.D.); (X.F.); (L.Q.); (W.L.); (Y.Z.); (J.R.)
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Marín-García PJ, Llobat L, Cambra-López M, Blas E, Larsen T, Pascual JJ, Hedemann MS. Biomarkers for ideal protein: rabbit diet metabolomics varying key amino acids. Commun Biol 2024; 7:712. [PMID: 38858508 PMCID: PMC11164918 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-024-06322-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2024] [Accepted: 05/13/2024] [Indexed: 06/12/2024] Open
Abstract
With the main aim of identifying biomarkers that contribute to defining the concept of ideal protein in growing rabbits under the most diverse conditions possible this work describes two different experiments. Experiment 1: 24 growing rabbits are included at 56 days of age. The rabbits are fed ad libitum one of the two experimental diets only differing in lysine levels. Experiment 2: 53 growing rabbits are included at 46 days of age, under a fasting and eating one of the five experimental diets, with identical chemical composition except for the three typically limiting amino acids (being fed commercial diets ad libitum in both experiments). Blood samples are taken for targeted and untargeted metabolomics analysis. Here we show that the metabolic phenotype undergoes alterations when animals experience a rapid dietary shift in the amino acid levels. While some of the differential metabolites can be attributed directly to changes in specific amino acids, creatinine, urea, hydroxypropionic acid and hydroxyoctadecadienoic acid are suggested as a biomarker of amino acid imbalances in growing rabbits' diets, since its changes are not attributable to a single amino acid. The fluctuations in their levels suggest intricate amino acid interactions. Consequently, we propose these metabolites as promising biomarkers for further research into the concept of the ideal protein using rabbit as a model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pablo Jesús Marín-García
- Department of Animal Production and Health, Veterinary Public Health and Food Science and Technology (PASAPTA), Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Cardenal Herrera-CEU University, CEU Universities, Valencia, Spain.
| | - Lola Llobat
- Department of Animal Production and Health, Veterinary Public Health and Food Science and Technology (PASAPTA), Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Cardenal Herrera-CEU University, CEU Universities, Valencia, Spain
| | - María Cambra-López
- Institute for Animal Science and Technology, Universitat Politècnica de València, Valencia, Spain
| | - Enrique Blas
- Institute for Animal Science and Technology, Universitat Politècnica de València, Valencia, Spain
| | - Torben Larsen
- Department of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, Aarhus University, Tjele, Denmark
| | - Juan José Pascual
- Institute for Animal Science and Technology, Universitat Politècnica de València, Valencia, Spain.
| | - Mette Skou Hedemann
- Department of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, Aarhus University, Tjele, Denmark
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Wu H, Xie J, Peng W, Ji F, Qian J, Shen Q, Hou G. Effects of guanidinoacetic acid supplementation on liver and breast muscle fat deposition, lipid levels, and lipid metabolism-related gene expression in ducks. Front Vet Sci 2024; 11:1364815. [PMID: 38435369 PMCID: PMC10904544 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2024.1364815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2024] [Accepted: 02/02/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Exogenous supplementation of guanidinoacetic acid can mechanistically regulate the energy distribution in muscle cells. This study aimed to investigate the effects of guanidinoacetic acid supplementation on liver and breast muscle fat deposition, lipid levels, and lipid metabolism-related gene expression in ducks. We randomly divided 480 42 days-old female Jiaji ducks into four groups with six replicates and 20 ducks for each replicate. The control group was fed the basal diet, and the experimental groups were fed the basal diet with 400, 600, and 800 mg/kg (GA400, GA600, and GA800) guanidinoacetic acid, respectively. Compared with the control group, (1) the total cholesterol (p = 0.0262), triglycerides (p = 0.0357), malondialdehyde (p = 0.0452) contents were lower in GA400, GA600 and GA800 in the liver; (2) the total cholesterol (p = 0.0365), triglycerides (p = 0.0459), and malondialdehyde (p = 0.0326) contents in breast muscle were decreased in GA400, GA600 and GA800; (3) the high density lipoprotein (p = 0.0356) and apolipoprotein-A1 (p = 0.0125) contents were increased in GA600 in the liver; (4) the apolipoprotein-A1 contents (p = 0.0489) in breast muscle were higher in GA600 and GA800; (5) the lipoprotein lipase contents (p = 0.0325) in the liver were higher in GA600 and GA800; (6) the malate dehydrogenase contents (p = 0.0269) in breast muscle were lower in GA400, GA600, and GA800; (7) the insulin induced gene 1 (p = 0.0326), fatty acid transport protein 1 (p = 0.0412), and lipoprotein lipase (p = 0.0235) relative expression were higher in GA400, GA600, and GA800 in the liver; (8) the insulin induced gene 1 (p = 0.0269), fatty acid transport protein 1 (p = 0.0234), and lipoprotein lipase (p = 0.0425) relative expression were increased in GA400, GA600, and GA800 in breast muscle. In this study, the optimum dosage of 600 mg/kg guanidinoacetic acid improved the liver and breast muscle fat deposition, lipid levels, and lipid metabolism-related gene expression in ducks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongzhi Wu
- Tropical Crop Genetic Resource Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou, China
| | - Jiajun Xie
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Weiqi Peng
- Tropical Crop Genetic Resource Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou, China
| | - Fengjie Ji
- Tropical Crop Genetic Resource Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou, China
| | - Jinyu Qian
- Tropical Crop Genetic Resource Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou, China
| | - Qian Shen
- Hainan Xuhuai Technology Co., Ltd., Haikou, China
| | - Guanyu Hou
- Tropical Crop Genetic Resource Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou, China
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Li W, Cui Z, Jiang Y, Aisikaer A, Wu Q, Zhang F, Wang W, Bo Y, Yang H. Dietary Guanidine Acetic Acid Improves Ruminal Antioxidant Capacity and Alters Rumen Fermentation and Microflora in Rapid-Growing Lambs. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:antiox12030772. [PMID: 36979020 PMCID: PMC10044800 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12030772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2023] [Revised: 03/13/2023] [Accepted: 03/15/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Guanidine acetic acid (GAA) has been reported to improve growth performance, nutrient utilization, and meat quality in livestock. This study aimed to investigate whether coated GAA (CGAA) in comparison with uncoated GAA (UGAA) could have different effects on rumen fermentation, antioxidant capacity, and microflora composition in the rumen. Seventy-two lambs were randomly arranged in a 2 × 3 factorial experiment design with two diets of different forage type (OH: oaten hay; OHWS: oaten hay plus wheat silage) and three GAA treatments within each diet (control, diet without GAA addition; UGAA, uncoated GAA; CGAA, coated GAA). The whole feeding trial lasted for 120 days. The lambs in the OH group presented lower total volatile fatty acid (VFA), alpha diversity, Firmicutes, NK4A214_group, and Lachnospiraceae_NK3A20_group than those on the OHWS diet in the last 60 days of the feeding stage (p < 0.05). Regardless of what GAA form was added, dietary GAA supplementation increased the total VFA, microbial crude protein (MCP), adenosine triphosphate (ATP), and antioxidant capacity in rumen during lamb feedlotting (p < 0.05). However, molar propionate proportion, acetate:propionate ratio (A:P), and relative Succiniclasticum abundance decreased with GAA addition in the first 60 days of the growing stage, while the molar butyrate proportion and NK4A214_group (p < 0.05) in response to GAA addition increased in the last 60 days of feeding. These findings indicated that dietary GAA enhanced antioxidant capacity and fermentation characteristics in the rumen, but the addition of uncoated GAA in diets might cause some dysbacteriosis of the rumen microbiota.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjuan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Zhaoyang Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Yaowen Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Ailiyasi Aisikaer
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Qichao Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Fang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Weikang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Yukun Bo
- Zhangjiakou Animal Husbandry Technology Promotion Institution, Zhangjiakou 075000, China
| | - Hongjian Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
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Liu Y, Zhang J, Wang C, Guo G, Huo W, Xia C, Chen L, Zhang Y, Pei C, Liu Q. Effects of guanidinoacetic acid supplementation on lactation performance, nutrient digestion and rumen fermentation in Holstein dairy cows. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2023; 103:1522-1529. [PMID: 36184578 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.12249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2021] [Revised: 08/27/2022] [Accepted: 10/02/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Considering the high energy demand of lactation and the potential of guanidinoacetic acid (GAA) addition on the increase in creatine supply for cows, the present study investigated the effects of 0, 0.3, 0.6 and 0.9 g kg-1 dry matter (DM) of GAA supplementation on lactation performance, nutrient digestion and ruminal fermentation in dairy cows. The study used 40 mid-lactation multiparous Holstein cows and the study duration was 100 days. RESULTS DM intake was not affected, but milk and milk component yields and feed efficiency increased linearly with increasing GAA addition. The total-tract digestibility of DM, organic matter, neutral detergent fibre, acid detergent fibre and non-fibre carbohydrates increased linearly and that of crude protein increased quadratically with increasing GAA addition. When the addition level of GAA increased, ruminal pH, molar percentages of butyrate, isobutyrate and isovalerate and the acetate-to-propionate ratio decreased linearly, and the total volatile fatty acids concentration and propionate molar percentage also increased linearly, whereas the acetate molar percentage and ammonia-N concentration were unaltered. The activities of fibrolytic enzymes, α-amylase and protease increased linearly. The populations of total bacteria, fungi, Ruminococcus albus, Fibrobacter succinogenes, Ruminococcus flavefaciens, Ruminobacter amylophilus and Prevotella ruminicola increased linearly, whereas protozoa and methanogens decreased linearly with increasing GAA addition. As for the blood metabolites, concentrations of glucose, urea nitrogen and methionine were unchanged, total protein, albumin, creatine and homocysteine increased linearly, and folate decreased linearly with increasing GAA supply. CONCLUSION The results of the present study indicate that supplementation of GAA improved milk performance and rumen fermentation in lactating dairy cows. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongjia Liu
- College of Animal Sciences, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, China
| | - Jing Zhang
- College of Animal Sciences, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, China
| | - Cong Wang
- College of Animal Sciences, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, China
| | - Gang Guo
- College of Animal Sciences, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, China
| | - Wenjie Huo
- College of Animal Sciences, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, China
| | - Chengqiang Xia
- College of Animal Sciences, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, China
| | - Lei Chen
- College of Animal Sciences, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, China
| | - Yawei Zhang
- College of Animal Sciences, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, China
| | - Caixia Pei
- College of Animal Sciences, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, China
| | - Qiang Liu
- College of Animal Sciences, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, China
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Ren G, Hao X, Zhang X, Liu S, Zhang J. Effects of guanidinoacetic acid and betaine on growth performance, energy and nitrogen metabolism, and rumen microbial protein synthesis in lambs. Anim Feed Sci Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2022.115402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Li WJ, Wu QC, Cui ZY, Jiang YW, Aisikaer A, Zhang F, Chen HW, Wang WK, Wang YL, Lv LK, Xiong FL, Liu YY, Li SL, Yang HJ. Guanidine acetic acid exhibited greater growth performance in younger (13–30 kg) than in older (30–50 kg) lambs under high-concentrate feedlotting pattern. Front Vet Sci 2022; 9:954675. [PMID: 35990281 PMCID: PMC9386046 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2022.954675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2022] [Accepted: 07/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Guanidine acetic acid (GAA) is increasingly considered as a nutritional growth promoter in monogastric animals. Whether or not such response would exist in rapid-growing lambs is unclear yet. The objective of this study was to investigate whether dietary supplementation with uncoated GAA (UGAA) and coated GAA (CGAA) could alter growth performance, nutrient digestion, serum metabolites, and antioxidant capacity in lambs. Seventy-two small-tailed Han lambs initially weighed 12 ± 1.6 kg were randomly allocated into six groups in a 2 × 3 factorial experimental design including two forage-type rations [Oaten hay (OH) vs. its combination with wheat silage (OHWS)] and three GAA treatment per ration: no GAA, 1 g UGAA, and 1 g CGAA per kg dry matter. The whole experiment was completed in two consecutive growing stages (stage 1, 13–30 kg; stage 2, 30–50 kg). Under high-concentrate feeding pattern (Stage 1, 25: 75; Stage 2, 20: 80), UGAA or CGAA supplementation in young lambs presented greater dry matter intake (DMI) in stage 1 and average daily gain (ADG) in the whole experimental period; lambs in OH group had higher ADG and DMI than that in OHWS group in stage 1 and whole experimental period, but this phenomenon was not observed in stage 2. Both UCGA and CGAA addition increased dietary DM, organic matter (OM), neutral detergent fiber (NDF), and acid detergent fiber (ADF) digestion in both stages. In blood metabolism, UCGA and CGAA addition resulted in a greater total protein (TP) and insulin-like growth factor 1(IGF-1) levels, as well as antioxidant capacity; at the same time, UCGA and CGAA addition increased GAA metabolism-creatine kinase and decreased guanidinoacetate N-methyltransferase (GAMT) and L-Arginine glycine amidine transferase catalyzes (AGAT) activity. In a brief, the results obtained in the present study suggested that GAA (UGAA and CGAA; 1 g/kg DM) could be applied to improve growth performance in younger (13–30 kg) instead of older (30–50 kg) lambs in high-concentrate feedlotting practice.
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