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Marín-García PJ, Llobat L, Aguayo-Adán JA, Franch J, Cambra-López M, Blas E, Pascual JJ, Rouco C. Nutritional ecology of European rabbit (Oryctolagus cuniculus): Factors affecting chemical composition of gastric content. J Anim Physiol Anim Nutr (Berl) 2023; 107:1495-1501. [PMID: 37270694 DOI: 10.1111/jpn.13849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2022] [Revised: 12/22/2022] [Accepted: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Nutritional ecology seeks to unravel the extensive web of nutritional links that directs animals in their interactions with their ecological and social environments. European rabbit (Oryctolagus cuniculus) populations its endemic locations are declining and it is considered a keystone species of the Mediterranean ecosystem prompteing the interest in its conservation. The main aim of this study was to determine the nutritional composition of the diet of European rabbits through the relative and absolute chemical composition of the gastric content. To address this objective, gastric content was collected from 80 European rabbits in a Mediterranean area for the analysis of its chemical composition. To this end, gastric content was analyzed for dry matter (DM), organic matter (OM), ash, crude protein (CP), highly digestible nonnitrogenous nutrients (HDNN), neutral detergent fibre (NDF), acid detergent fibre (ADF) and lignin. The rabbits were divided into two groups: EMPTY and FULL, depending on the level of stomach filling, directly related to food intake. Our results revealed a positive correlation between the rabbits weight with DM in the gastric content, total gastric content with DM in the gastric content, and DM in gastric content with all chemical parameters analysed. The mean relative values obtained were 8.8%, 25.5%, 40.4% and 25.4%, for ash, CP, NDF and HDNN, respectively. Moreover, EMPTY rabbits had both a proportional (+19%, p = 0.002 and -40%; p = 0.004, on NDF and HDNN, respectively) and absolute (-38%, p = 0.014, -52%; p = 0.012, -52%; p = 0.011 and +83%; p = 0.008 for OM, ash, HDNN, and lignin, respectively) different proportion of nutrients in gastric contents than FULL animals. Since there is a connection between this availability and the fitness of this species, understanding the chemical composition of the rabbit's diet can be utilised to delve into its biology. Our study provides information that will help elucidate the factors affecting the chemical composition of the gastric content of European rabbits to assist land use planners and conservationists in identifying sites for conservation in Mediterranean ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pablo Jesús Marín-García
- Department of Animal Production and Health, Veterinary Public Health and Food Science and Technology (PASAPTA), Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad Cardenal Herrera-CEU, CEU Universities, Valencia, Spain
| | - Lola Llobat
- Department of Animal Production and Health, Veterinary Public Health and Food Science and Technology (PASAPTA), Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad Cardenal Herrera-CEU, CEU Universities, Valencia, Spain
| | | | - Jorge Franch
- Department of Animal Production and Health, Veterinary Public Health and Food Science and Technology (PASAPTA), Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad Cardenal Herrera-CEU, CEU Universities, Valencia, Spain
- Institute for Animal Science and Technology, Universitat Politècnica de València, Valencia, Spain
| | - María Cambra-López
- Institute for Animal Science and Technology, Universitat Politècnica de València, Valencia, Spain
| | - Enrique Blas
- Institute for Animal Science and Technology, Universitat Politècnica de València, Valencia, Spain
| | - Juan José Pascual
- Institute for Animal Science and Technology, Universitat Politècnica de València, Valencia, Spain
| | - Carlos Rouco
- Ecology Area, Faculty of Science, University of Córdoba, Cordoba, Spain
- Sociedad, Ecología y Gestión del Medio Ambiente, UCO-IESA, Unidad Asociada al CSIC, Córdoba, Spain
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Belloumi D, Calvet S, Roca MI, Ferrer P, Jiménez-Belenguer A, Cambra-López M, García-Rebollar P, Climent E, Martínez-Blanch J, Tortajada M, Chenoll E, Bermejo A, Cerisuelo A. Effect of providing citrus pulp-integrated diet on fecal microbiota and serum and fecal metabolome shifts in crossbred pigs. Sci Rep 2023; 13:17596. [PMID: 37845279 PMCID: PMC10579234 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-44741-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2023] [Accepted: 10/11/2023] [Indexed: 10/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The study aimed to assess the impact of dehydrated citrus pulp (DCP) on growth performance, fecal characteristics, fecal bacterial composition (based on 16S rRNA analysis), and fecal and serum metabolomic profiles in crossbred pigs. 80 finishing pigs Duroc × (Landrace × Large White) were fed either a control diet (C) or a diet with 240 g/kg DCP (T) for six weeks. Including DCP in diets tended to decrease feed intake, increased (p < 0.05) the concentrations of acetic and heptanoic acids and decreased (p < 0.05) fecal butyric and branched-chain fatty acid concentrations in feces. Animals fed DCP exhibited a lower abundance of the genera Clostridium and Romboutsia, while Lachnospira significantly increased. Orthogonal partial least squares discriminant analysis plotted a clear separation of fecal and serum metabolites between groups. The main discriminant fecal metabolites were associated with bacterial protein fermentation and were downregulated in T-fed pigs. In serum, DCP supplementation upregulated metabolites related to protein and fatty acids metabolism. In conclusion, the addition of DCP as an environmentally friendly source of nutrients in pig diets, resulted in modifications of fecal bacterial composition, fermentation patterns, and overall pig metabolism, suggesting improvements in protein metabolism and gut health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dhekra Belloumi
- Centro de Investigación y Tecnología Animal, Instituto Valenciano de Investigaciones Agrarias, 12400, Segorbe, Spain
- Institute of Animal Science and Technology, Universitat Politècnica de València, 46022, Valencia, Spain
| | - Salvador Calvet
- Institute of Animal Science and Technology, Universitat Politècnica de València, 46022, Valencia, Spain
| | - Marta Isabel Roca
- Unidad Analítica, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria La Fe, 46026, Valencia, Spain
| | - Pablo Ferrer
- Centro de Investigación y Tecnología Animal, Instituto Valenciano de Investigaciones Agrarias, 12400, Segorbe, Spain
| | - Ana Jiménez-Belenguer
- Departamento de Biotecnología, Universitat Politècnica de València, 46022, Valencia, Spain
| | - María Cambra-López
- Institute of Animal Science and Technology, Universitat Politècnica de València, 46022, Valencia, Spain
| | - Paloma García-Rebollar
- Departamento de Producción Agraria, ETSIAAB, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | | | | | | | | | - Almudena Bermejo
- Centro de Citricultura y Producción Vegetal, Instituto Valenciano de Investigaciones Agrarias, 46113, Moncada, Spain
| | - Alba Cerisuelo
- Centro de Investigación y Tecnología Animal, Instituto Valenciano de Investigaciones Agrarias, 12400, Segorbe, Spain.
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Marín-García PJ, Llobat L, Aguayo-Adán JA, Larsen T, Cambra-López M, Blas E, Pascual JJ, Rouco C. The nutritional strategy of European rabbits is affected by age and sex: Females eat more and have better nutrient optimisation. J Anim Physiol Anim Nutr (Berl) 2023; 107:1294-1301. [PMID: 37127906 DOI: 10.1111/jpn.13826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2022] [Revised: 03/18/2023] [Accepted: 04/16/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
The ecological interest in the European rabbit (Oryctolagus cuniculus) has grown since it was declared an endangered species. Nutrition is fundamental in its dispersion and the key to its success. This is the main reason why knowledge of their nutritional preferences/requirements could play a fundamental role in rabbit biology and, therefore, in their conservation. The objectives of the work will be to elucidate how age and sex affect both nutritional preferences/requirements, and the nutrient optimisation of European rabbits. To address this gap, 70 wild European rabbits were studied. The rabbits were divided according to their age: adult (n = 43) and young (n = 27). Two groups were differentiated according to the adult rabbits' sex: females (n = 28) and males (n = 15). We analysed the relative (%) and absolute (g) chemical composition of the rabbits' gastric contents: dry matter (DM), ashes (ASH), crude protein (CP), ether extract (EE), neutral detergent fibre (NDF), acid detergent fibre (ADF), and lignin, hemicelluloses and celluloses, highly digestible nonnitrogenous nutrients (HDNN: fat, starch, and soluble fibre), well from the blood was analysed with plasmatic urea nitrogen (PUN), nonesterified fatty acid (NEFA) and glucose (GLU). As a nutrient optimisation measure, the following indices between blood metabolites and stomach content were calculated: PUN/CP total content, NEFA/DM total content and GLU/DM total content ratios. Our works showed that age and sex affected the nutritional strategy of rabbits. Regarding age: adults showed lower CP (-14%; p = 0.0217) and higher HDNN (+21%; p = 0.0399) relative content than young rabbits, and absolute amount of most nutrients: DM (+59%; p = 0.001), OM (+43%; p = 0.0049), ASH (+54%; p = 0.0085), Hemicelluloses (+73%; p = 0.0084), Cellulose (+27%; p = 0.0452), and HDNN (+63%; p = 0.0012). In addition, adults showed better nutrient optimisation. Sex did not affect the relative chemical composition of the gastric content, but it showed a clear higher gastric content by females (+85%; p < 0.0001) and higher intake of most of the absolute chemical components: DM (+64%; p < 0.001), CP (+56%; p = 0.0005), OM (+58%; p = 0.0001), ASH (+44%; p = 0.0123), HDNN (+39%; p = 0.001), NDF (+59%; p = 0.001), ADF (+64%; p = 0.0003), lignin (+82%; p = 0.0036) and cellulose (+58%; p = 0.0002). Finally, we observed that females had better nutrient optimisation than males. This works supports the idea that feeding ecology and nutrition are particularly relevant to reproductive success and fitness in wild animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pablo-Jesús Marín-García
- Department of Animal Production and Health, Veterinary Public Health and Food Science and Technology (PASAPTA), Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad Cardenal Herrera-CEU, CEU Universities, Valencia, Spain
| | - Lola Llobat
- Department of Animal Production and Health, Veterinary Public Health and Food Science and Technology (PASAPTA), Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad Cardenal Herrera-CEU, CEU Universities, Valencia, Spain
| | - Juan Antonio Aguayo-Adán
- Departamento de Botánica, Ecología y Fisiología Vegetal, Ecology Area, Faculty of Science, University of Córdoba, Cordoba, Spain
| | - Torben Larsen
- Department of Animal Science, Aarhus University, Tjele, Denmark
| | - María Cambra-López
- Institute for Animal Science and Technology, Universitat Politècnica de València, Valencia, Spain
| | - Enrique Blas
- Institute for Animal Science and Technology, Universitat Politècnica de València, Valencia, Spain
| | - Juan José Pascual
- Institute for Animal Science and Technology, Universitat Politècnica de València, Valencia, Spain
| | - Carlos Rouco
- Department of Plant Biology and Ecology, University of Seville, Seville, Spain
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Marín-García PJ, Ródenas L, Martínez-Paredes E, Moya VJ, Cambra-López M, Blas E, Pascual JJ. Effect of Increasing the Methionine Level and Reducing the Threonine Level in the Diet of Fast-Growing Rabbits. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:ani13091471. [PMID: 37174507 PMCID: PMC10177110 DOI: 10.3390/ani13091471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2023] [Revised: 04/23/2023] [Accepted: 04/24/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The main aim of this work was to evaluate a novel combination of the first limiting amino acids (lysine, methionine, and threonine) in fast-growing rabbits (combination MHL, shown to minimise levels of plasmatic urea nitrogen in previous research, medium level of lysine, high level of methionine, and low level of threonine) and compare it with current recommendations (combination MMM, medium level of all amino acids). A total of 165 weaned rabbits (28 d old) from a paternal line selected for growth rate were used in the growth trial. The effect of the diet on apparent fecal digestibility, as well as the apparent and true ileal digestibility, were studied. Nutrient retention was also determined. Although no differences in digestibility between diets were observed, animals fed with Diet MHL improved the global average daily gain (+2.3 g/d; p = 0.0482) and feed conversion ratio (-0.10; p = 0.0229). Animals fed with Diet MMM reduced the protein-to-energy ratio retained (p = 0.0086). In conclusion, Diet MHL promoted an improvement in growth traits in a paternal line. Consequently, we propose its levels of 6.4, 5.4, and 5.0 g/kg DM of true ileal digestible lysine, methionine, and threonine, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pablo Jesús Marín-García
- Department of Animal Production and Health, Veterinary Public Health and Food Science and Technology (PASAPTA), Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad Cardenal Herrera-CEU, CEU Universities, 46113 Valencia, Spain
| | - Luís Ródenas
- Institute for Animal Science and Technology, Universitat Politècnica de València, Camino de Vera s/n, 46022 Valencia, Spain
| | - Eugenio Martínez-Paredes
- Institute for Animal Science and Technology, Universitat Politècnica de València, Camino de Vera s/n, 46022 Valencia, Spain
| | - Vicente Javier Moya
- Institute for Animal Science and Technology, Universitat Politècnica de València, Camino de Vera s/n, 46022 Valencia, Spain
| | - María Cambra-López
- Institute for Animal Science and Technology, Universitat Politècnica de València, Camino de Vera s/n, 46022 Valencia, Spain
| | - Enrique Blas
- Institute for Animal Science and Technology, Universitat Politècnica de València, Camino de Vera s/n, 46022 Valencia, Spain
| | - Juan José Pascual
- Institute for Animal Science and Technology, Universitat Politècnica de València, Camino de Vera s/n, 46022 Valencia, Spain
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Marín-García PJ, Llobat L, Rouco C, Aguayo-Adán JA, Larsen T, Cambra-López M, Blas E, Pascual JJ. Nutritional Metabolites as Biomarkers of Previous Feed Intake in European Rabbit ( Oryctolagus cuniculus): Applications on Conservation. Animals (Basel) 2022; 12:ani12192608. [PMID: 36230348 PMCID: PMC9558996 DOI: 10.3390/ani12192608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2022] [Revised: 09/26/2022] [Accepted: 09/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
European wild rabbit (Oryctolagus cuniculus) populations have drastically reduced, and recently, rabbits have been classed as “endangered” by the IUCN. This animal plays an important ecological role in Mediterranean ecosystems and its introduction could significantly contribute to ecological restoration. Rabbits have high nutrient requirements that apparently cannot be covered in all ecosystems, and there are clues that nutrition can limit their abundance and density. On the other hand, some studies reflect the effects of food availability on the metabolomic status of other animal species, but there are no specific studies on this keystone species. The main aim of this work is to find biomarkers to assess the previous levels of ingestion of European rabbits (Oryctolagus cuniculus). To address this gap, gastric content and blood samples were collected from European rabbits (n = 99) in a Mediterranean area for the analysis of glucose, non-esterified fatty acids (NEFA), plasmatic urea nitrogen (PUN), albumin, glutamate and total protein metabolites. Depending on their previous feed intake (gastric content and the ratio between the gastric content and the weight of the animal), the animals were divided into two groups (lower and normal previous feed intake). Our work shows that the metabolomic profiles of the animals were affected. Levels of glucose (+82%; p = 0.0003), NEFA (−61%; p = 0.0040) and PUN (+139%; p < 0.001) were different in the animals with lower previous feed intake than the animals with normal previous feed intake. This work summarises that metabolic phenotype can be interesting when seeking to discover the limiting nutrients and food availability in diets that could affect the ecological fitness and conservation of European wild rabbits. It is important to mention that in this work, only the effects on six different metabolites have been analysed and more studies are necessary to complement the knowledge of possible metabolites that indicate the level of ingestion in this species and others. These (and new) biomarkers could be used as a tool to provide information about individual or population characteristics that other physiological parameters cannot detect, improving the conservation physiology field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pablo Jesús Marín-García
- Department of Animal Production and Health, Veterinary Public Health and Food Science and Technology (PASAPTA), Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad Cardenal Herrera-CEU, CEU Universities, 46113 Valencia, Spain
- Correspondence: (P.J.M.-G.); (L.L.)
| | - Lola Llobat
- Department of Animal Production and Health, Veterinary Public Health and Food Science and Technology (PASAPTA), Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad Cardenal Herrera-CEU, CEU Universities, 46113 Valencia, Spain
- Correspondence: (P.J.M.-G.); (L.L.)
| | - Carlos Rouco
- Ecology Area, Faculty of Science, University of Cordoba, 14071 Cordoba, Spain
- Sociedad, Ecología y Gestión del Medio Ambiente, UCO-IESA, Unidad Asociada al CSIC, 14071 Cordoba, Spain
| | | | - Torben Larsen
- Department of Animal Science, Aarhus University, DK-8830 Tjele, Denmark
| | - María Cambra-López
- Institute for Animal Science and Technology, Universitat Politècnica de València, Camino de Vera s/n, 46022 Valencia, Spain
| | - Enrique Blas
- Institute for Animal Science and Technology, Universitat Politècnica de València, Camino de Vera s/n, 46022 Valencia, Spain
| | - Juan José Pascual
- Institute for Animal Science and Technology, Universitat Politècnica de València, Camino de Vera s/n, 46022 Valencia, Spain
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Marín-García PJ, Llobat L, López-Lujan MC, Cambra-López M, Blas E, Pascual JJ. Urea Nitrogen Metabolite Can Contribute to Implementing the Ideal Protein Concept in Monogastric Animals. Animals (Basel) 2022; 12:ani12182344. [PMID: 36139206 PMCID: PMC9495106 DOI: 10.3390/ani12182344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2022] [Revised: 09/02/2022] [Accepted: 09/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Can urea nitrogen metabolite contribute to implementing the ideal protein concept in monogastric animals? This work aims to critically analyse how this metabolite can contribute to accurately implementing the ideal protein concept in monogastric animals, particularly in pig, poultry, and rabbit nutrition. This information will contribute to evaluating its potential and limitations as biomarker, as well as to standardizing the use of this metabolite in precise amino acidic monogastric nutrition. Abstract The ideal protein concept refers to dietary protein with an amino acid profile that exactly meets an animal’s requirement. Low-quality protein levels in the diet have negative implications for productive and reproductive traits, and a protein oversupply is energetically costly and leads to an excessive N excretion, with potentially negative environmental impact. Urea Nitrogen (UN), which corresponds to the amount of nitrogen in the form of urea circulating in the bloodstream, is a metabolite that has been widely used to detect amino acid imbalances and deficiencies and protein requirements. This review aims to critically analyse how UN can contribute to accurately implementing the ideal protein concept in monogastric animals, particularly in pig, poultry, and rabbit nutrition (14,000 animals from 76 published trials). About 59, 37, and 4% of trials have been conducted in pigs, poultry, and rabbits, respectively. UN level was negatively correlated to main performance traits (Pearson Correlation Coefficient [PCC] of −0.98 and −0.76, for average daily gain and feed conversion ratio, respectively), and lower UN level was related to higher milk yield and concentration. High level of UN was positively correlated to N excretion (PCC = 0.99) and negatively correlated to protein retention (PCC = −0.99). Therefore, UN in blood seems to be a proper indicator of amino acid imbalance in monogastric animals. Great variability in the use of UN was observed in the literature, including uses as determination medium (blood, plasma, or serum), units, and feeding system used (ad libitum or restricted), among others. A standardization of the methods in each of the species, with the aim to harmonize comparison among works, is suggested. After review, UN measurement in plasma and, whenever possible, the utilization of the same nutritional methodology (ad libitum conditions or restriction with blood sampling after refeeding at standardised time) are recommended. More studies are necessary to know the potential of UN and other bioindicators for amino acid deficiencies evaluation to get closer to the ideal protein concept.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pablo Jesús Marín-García
- Department of Animal Production and Health, Veterinary Public Health and Food Science and Technology (PASAPTA), Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad Cardenal Herrera-CEU, CEU Universities, 46113 Valencia, Spain
- Correspondence: (P.J.M.-G.); (L.L.)
| | - Lola Llobat
- Department of Animal Production and Health, Veterinary Public Health and Food Science and Technology (PASAPTA), Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad Cardenal Herrera-CEU, CEU Universities, 46113 Valencia, Spain
- Correspondence: (P.J.M.-G.); (L.L.)
| | - Mari Carmen López-Lujan
- Institute for Animal Science and Technology, Universitat Politècnica de València, Camino de Vera s/n, 46022 Valencia, Spain
| | - María Cambra-López
- Institute for Animal Science and Technology, Universitat Politècnica de València, Camino de Vera s/n, 46022 Valencia, Spain
| | - Enrique Blas
- Institute for Animal Science and Technology, Universitat Politècnica de València, Camino de Vera s/n, 46022 Valencia, Spain
| | - Juan José Pascual
- Institute for Animal Science and Technology, Universitat Politècnica de València, Camino de Vera s/n, 46022 Valencia, Spain
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Javadi M, Cerisuelo A, Cambra-López M, Macías-Vidal J, Donadeu A, Dupuy J, Carpintero L, Ferrer P, Pascual JJ. The Duration of the Trial Influences the Effects of Mineral Deficiency and the Effective Phytase Dose in Broilers' Diets. Animals (Basel) 2022; 12:ani12111418. [PMID: 35681882 PMCID: PMC9179909 DOI: 10.3390/ani12111418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2022] [Revised: 05/27/2022] [Accepted: 05/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Two trials varying in duration (short- and long-term) were conducted to evaluate the effects of providing deficient (NC) or sufficient (PC) Ca and P levels, and different doses of a new phytase (250, 500, and 1000 FTU/kg feed), in broiler feed on growth performance, nutrient digestibility and retention, and tibia mineralization. A total of 80 and 490 male chicks (Ross) of 21 and 1 days of age were used in the short- and long-term trials, respectively. In the long-term trial, chicks fed NC diets showed a lower (p < 0.05) average daily gain and feed intake compared to chicks fed PC and a greater (p < 0.05) feed conversion ratio compared to 500 and 1000 FTU/kg feed during the starting period. Regarding the effects on minerals’ and nutrients’ coefficients of retention, animals fed NC showed a significantly higher digestibility for P than those fed the PC diet in the long-term trial. Additionally, feeding 250 to 500 FTU/kg diets increased most of the nutrients’ digestibility in the short-term but only P digestibility in the long-term trial. Tibia mineralization increased linearly with phytase addition (p < 0.05) only in the long-term trial. In conclusion, the effects of dietary mineral and phytase levels on growth performance are more noticeable in young animals. In addition, the duration of the trial is key due to a possible adaptation phenomenon of birds to low P supplementary levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehran Javadi
- Institute for Animal Science and Technology, Universitat Politècnica de València, Camino de Vera s/n, 46022 Valencia, Spain; (M.J.); (M.C.-L.); (J.J.P.)
| | - Alba Cerisuelo
- Centro de Investigación y Tecnología Animal, Instituto Valenciano de Investigaciones Agrarias, 12400 Segorbe, Spain;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +34-964-712166
| | - María Cambra-López
- Institute for Animal Science and Technology, Universitat Politècnica de València, Camino de Vera s/n, 46022 Valencia, Spain; (M.J.); (M.C.-L.); (J.J.P.)
| | - Judit Macías-Vidal
- Departamento de I+D+i, Global Feed S.L.U., Grupo Tervalis, Av. Francisco Montenegro s/n, 21001 Huelva, Spain; (J.M.-V.); (A.D.); (J.D.); (L.C.)
| | - Andrés Donadeu
- Departamento de I+D+i, Global Feed S.L.U., Grupo Tervalis, Av. Francisco Montenegro s/n, 21001 Huelva, Spain; (J.M.-V.); (A.D.); (J.D.); (L.C.)
| | - Javier Dupuy
- Departamento de I+D+i, Global Feed S.L.U., Grupo Tervalis, Av. Francisco Montenegro s/n, 21001 Huelva, Spain; (J.M.-V.); (A.D.); (J.D.); (L.C.)
| | - Laura Carpintero
- Departamento de I+D+i, Global Feed S.L.U., Grupo Tervalis, Av. Francisco Montenegro s/n, 21001 Huelva, Spain; (J.M.-V.); (A.D.); (J.D.); (L.C.)
| | - Pablo Ferrer
- Centro de Investigación y Tecnología Animal, Instituto Valenciano de Investigaciones Agrarias, 12400 Segorbe, Spain;
| | - Juan José Pascual
- Institute for Animal Science and Technology, Universitat Politècnica de València, Camino de Vera s/n, 46022 Valencia, Spain; (M.J.); (M.C.-L.); (J.J.P.)
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Fasce B, Ródenas L, López MC, Moya VJ, Pascual JJ, Cambra-López M. Nutritive Value of Wheat Bran Diets Supplemented With Fresh Carrots and Wet Brewers' Grains in Yellow Mealworm. J Insect Sci 2022; 22:7. [PMID: 35560003 PMCID: PMC9105008 DOI: 10.1093/jisesa/ieac022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
We evaluated the effect of supplementation of a wheat bran (WB) diet with fresh carrots (FC) or wet brewer's grains (WBG) on the growth performance and chemical composition of Tenebrio molitor larvae. Additionally, a digestibility trial was performed to determine the nutritional value of the raw materials used. The control diet was based on WB-only. Two other diets were formulated in which WB was supplemented with FC (FC diet) or with WBG (WBG diet). The experiment was conducted in trays (12 per treatment) and lasted 90 d. Larval weight, feed intake, and excreted feces were controlled in each tray the experiment. The digestibility trial was performed from 48 to 62 d post-hatch. Results showed digestibility coefficients of ashes, crude protein, and gross energy were significantly higher in FC diet compared with the other diets. Consequently, both digestible energy (DE) and digestible protein (DP) contents of FC were also significantly higher than those obtained for WB and WBG diets (on av. +1.12 megajoule [MJ] DE and +9.15 g DP per kg dry matter [DM]; P < 0.003). Mealworms fed FC diet showed significantly higher final weight and average daily gain than those fed the WBG diet (+12.4%), being higher in WBG than in WB diet (+3.5%). Dietary treatment did not affect DM, ashes, ether extract, and crude protein content of mealworms obtained. Some dietary effects on amino acid and fatty acid composition were observed. This study provides novel data and a unique experimental approach to assess the nutritional value of raw materials in mealworms.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Fasce
- Feedect, Calle de la Buitrera, 6, 46180 Valencia, Spain
| | - L Ródenas
- Institute of Animal Science and Technology, Universitat Politècnica de València, Camino de Vera s/n, 46022 Valencia, Spain
| | - M C López
- Institute of Animal Science and Technology, Universitat Politècnica de València, Camino de Vera s/n, 46022 Valencia, Spain
| | - V J Moya
- Institute of Animal Science and Technology, Universitat Politècnica de València, Camino de Vera s/n, 46022 Valencia, Spain
| | - J J Pascual
- Institute of Animal Science and Technology, Universitat Politècnica de València, Camino de Vera s/n, 46022 Valencia, Spain
| | - M Cambra-López
- Institute of Animal Science and Technology, Universitat Politècnica de València, Camino de Vera s/n, 46022 Valencia, Spain
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9
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Cambra-López M, Moset V, del Carmen López M, Sebastián Mesa J, Carpintero L, Donadeu A, Dupuy J, Macías-Vidal J, Cerisuelo A, Ferrer P, Pascual JJ. Evaluation of Phosphorus Digestibility from Monocalcium and Dicalcium Phosphate Sources and Comparison between Total Tract and Prececal Digestibility Standard Methods in Broilers. Animals (Basel) 2021; 11:ani11123427. [PMID: 34944204 PMCID: PMC8698103 DOI: 10.3390/ani11123427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2021] [Revised: 11/26/2021] [Accepted: 11/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Variations in phosphorous (P) digestibility as a function of methodology, phosphate source, physicochemical characteristics and commercial source were evaluated in broilers. Three methodologies and two phosphates (monocalcium phosphate, MCP, and dicalcium phosphate, DCP) from three different commercial sources were used in two experiments. In the first experiment, MCP and DCP were incorporated into a P-deficient diet at two levels of inclusion and P digestibility was evaluated using three methodologies of the regression method (total excreta, marker in excreta and prececal digestibility). In the second experiment, variations in P digestibility of six phosphate sources (three MCP and three DCP) were evaluated using the total collection method. The P digestibility of MCP ranged from 75.2 to 87.4% and from 80.5 to 86.6% for DCP amongst methodologies (p > 0.05). Particle size, surface area, degree of crystallinity and impurities varied amongst commercial sources. The P digestibility of the three tested commercial sources of MCP was 79.6% (MCP1), 70.2% (MCP2) and 65.6% (MCP3); p > 0.05. The P digestibility of the three tested commercial sources of DCP was 80.1% (DCP1), 77.4% (DCP2) and 71.4% (DCP3); p > 0.05. Abstract The objective of this study was to compare the total tract (total excreta and marker) and prececal methodologies to determine phosphorus (P) digestibility and to evaluate its variation as a function of the physicochemical characteristics of the inorganic phosphate used (monocalcium, MCP and dicalcium, DCP) from different commercial sources. A total of 176 1-day-old male broilers were used in two digestibility experiments. In Experiment 1, one MCP and one DCP were incorporated in the basal diet at two levels. In Experiment 2, MCP and DCP from three commercial sources were incorporated to the basal diet at one level. Physicochemical characteristics of inorganic phosphates were examined, as well. Additionally, bone mineralization and growth performance traits were investigated in both trials. The digestibility of MCP ranged from 75.2 to 87.4% and from 80.5 to 86.6% for DCP amongst methodologies, but differences between total tract and preceal methodologies were not statistically significant. Particle size, surface area, degree of crystallinity and impurities varied amongst commercial sources. The P digestibility of the three tested commercial sources of MCP was 79.6% (MCP1), 70.2% (MCP2) and 65.6% (MCP3); p > 0.05. The P digestibility of the 3 tested commercial sources of DCP was 80.1% (DCP1), 77.4% (DCP2) and 71.4% (DCP3); p > 0.05.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Cambra-López
- Institute of Animal Science and Technology, Universitat Politècnica de València, Camino de Vera s/n, 46022 Valencia, Spain; (V.M.); (M.d.C.L.); (J.J.P.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Verónica Moset
- Institute of Animal Science and Technology, Universitat Politècnica de València, Camino de Vera s/n, 46022 Valencia, Spain; (V.M.); (M.d.C.L.); (J.J.P.)
| | - María del Carmen López
- Institute of Animal Science and Technology, Universitat Politècnica de València, Camino de Vera s/n, 46022 Valencia, Spain; (V.M.); (M.d.C.L.); (J.J.P.)
| | - Juan Sebastián Mesa
- Departamento de I+D+i, Global Feed S.L.U., Grupo Tervalis, Av. Francisco Montenegro s/n, 21001 Huelva, Spain; (J.S.M.); (L.C.); (A.D.); (J.D.); (J.M.-V.)
| | - Laura Carpintero
- Departamento de I+D+i, Global Feed S.L.U., Grupo Tervalis, Av. Francisco Montenegro s/n, 21001 Huelva, Spain; (J.S.M.); (L.C.); (A.D.); (J.D.); (J.M.-V.)
| | - Andrés Donadeu
- Departamento de I+D+i, Global Feed S.L.U., Grupo Tervalis, Av. Francisco Montenegro s/n, 21001 Huelva, Spain; (J.S.M.); (L.C.); (A.D.); (J.D.); (J.M.-V.)
| | - Javier Dupuy
- Departamento de I+D+i, Global Feed S.L.U., Grupo Tervalis, Av. Francisco Montenegro s/n, 21001 Huelva, Spain; (J.S.M.); (L.C.); (A.D.); (J.D.); (J.M.-V.)
| | - Judit Macías-Vidal
- Departamento de I+D+i, Global Feed S.L.U., Grupo Tervalis, Av. Francisco Montenegro s/n, 21001 Huelva, Spain; (J.S.M.); (L.C.); (A.D.); (J.D.); (J.M.-V.)
| | - Alba Cerisuelo
- Centro de Investigación de Tecnología Animal, Instituto Valenciano de Investigaciones Agrarias, 12400 Segorbe, Spain; (A.C.); (P.F.)
| | - Pablo Ferrer
- Centro de Investigación de Tecnología Animal, Instituto Valenciano de Investigaciones Agrarias, 12400 Segorbe, Spain; (A.C.); (P.F.)
| | - Juan José Pascual
- Institute of Animal Science and Technology, Universitat Politècnica de València, Camino de Vera s/n, 46022 Valencia, Spain; (V.M.); (M.d.C.L.); (J.J.P.)
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Marín-García PJ, López-Luján MC, Ródenas L, Martínez-Paredes E, Cambra-López M, Blas E, Pascual JJ. Do Growing Rabbits with a High Growth Rate Require Diets with High Levels of Essential Amino Acids? A Choice-Feeding Trial. Animals (Basel) 2021; 11:ani11030824. [PMID: 33804041 PMCID: PMC8000183 DOI: 10.3390/ani11030824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2021] [Revised: 03/01/2021] [Accepted: 03/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
As a consequence of the genetic selection process in growing rabbits, there are currently fast-growing animals exhibiting an average daily gain that may exceed 45 g/d. The protein requirements of these animals, namely amino acid requirements, may differ from animals with low growth rates. The objective of this work was to evaluate growth performance, the coefficient of total tract apparent digestibility (CTTAD), the apparent ileal digestibility (AID) of amino acids and nutrient retention of fast-growing rabbits when they had access to a diet with high levels of amino acids and/or a diet formulated with current nutritional recommendations in a choice-feeding trial. To this end, two diets were formulated: the M diet following current nutritional recommendations for growing rabbits (including 8.1, 5.8 and 6.9 g/kg dry matter (DM) of total lysine, sulphur amino acids and threonine, respectively) and the H diet with higher levels of total lysine, sulphur amino acids and threonine (9.4, 6.6 and 7.8 g/kg DM, respectively). A total of 220 weaned rabbits, from a paternal line selected for the growth rate, had free access to the M diet, the H diet or both (MH) diets from 28 to 63 days of age. The CTTAD of DM, crude protein and gross energy from 49 to 53 days of age as well as the AID of amino acids of the diets at 63 days of age were determined. Protein, amino acids and energy retained in the empty body from 28 to 63 days of age were also registered. No significant differences in growth performance, CTTAD, AID and nutrient retention between dietary treatments were observed. However, animals fed the H diet showed a higher AID of cysteine (p < 0.05) and higher threonine retention (p < 0.05) compared to the M diet. As regards the choice-feeding trial, MH animals showed a higher feed intake of the M diet compared to the H diet (+8.61%; p < 0.001), and furthermore, more than 50% of the animals preferred the M diet throughout the experimental period (p < 0.05). Our results suggest that animals with high growth rates do not show significantly higher productive traits when fed the H diet compared to the M diet. As regards choice feeding, MH animals were capable of choosing their preferred diet, showing high intra-individual repeatability in preference for the M diet. It would be interesting to continue studying this behaviour of choice based on amino acid levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pablo Jesús Marín-García
- Departamento Producción y Sanidad Animal, Salud Pública y Ciencia y Tecnología de los Alimentos, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad Cardenal Herrera-CEU, CEU Universities, 46022 Valencia, Spain
- Institute of Animal Science and Technology, Universitat Politècnica de València, Camino de Vera s/n, 46022 Valencia, Spain; (M.C.L.-L.); (L.R.); (E.M.-P.); (M.C.-L.); (E.B.); (J.J.P.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Mari Carmen López-Luján
- Institute of Animal Science and Technology, Universitat Politècnica de València, Camino de Vera s/n, 46022 Valencia, Spain; (M.C.L.-L.); (L.R.); (E.M.-P.); (M.C.-L.); (E.B.); (J.J.P.)
| | - Luís Ródenas
- Institute of Animal Science and Technology, Universitat Politècnica de València, Camino de Vera s/n, 46022 Valencia, Spain; (M.C.L.-L.); (L.R.); (E.M.-P.); (M.C.-L.); (E.B.); (J.J.P.)
| | - Eugenio Martínez-Paredes
- Institute of Animal Science and Technology, Universitat Politècnica de València, Camino de Vera s/n, 46022 Valencia, Spain; (M.C.L.-L.); (L.R.); (E.M.-P.); (M.C.-L.); (E.B.); (J.J.P.)
| | - María Cambra-López
- Institute of Animal Science and Technology, Universitat Politècnica de València, Camino de Vera s/n, 46022 Valencia, Spain; (M.C.L.-L.); (L.R.); (E.M.-P.); (M.C.-L.); (E.B.); (J.J.P.)
| | - Enrique Blas
- Institute of Animal Science and Technology, Universitat Politècnica de València, Camino de Vera s/n, 46022 Valencia, Spain; (M.C.L.-L.); (L.R.); (E.M.-P.); (M.C.-L.); (E.B.); (J.J.P.)
| | - Juan José Pascual
- Institute of Animal Science and Technology, Universitat Politècnica de València, Camino de Vera s/n, 46022 Valencia, Spain; (M.C.L.-L.); (L.R.); (E.M.-P.); (M.C.-L.); (E.B.); (J.J.P.)
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Cambra-López M, Cerisuelo A, Ferrer P, Ródenas L, Aligué R, Moset V, Pascual J. Age influence on effectiveness of a novel 3-phytase in barley-wheat based diets for pigs from 12 to 108 kg under commercial conditions. Anim Feed Sci Technol 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2020.114549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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12
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Torres-Pitarch A, Moset V, Ferrer P, Cambra-López M, Hernández P, Coma J, Pascual M, Serrano P, Cerisuelo A. The inclusion of rapeseed meal in fattening pig diets, as a partial replacer of soybean meal, alters nutrient digestion, faecal composition and biochemical methane potential from faeces. Anim Feed Sci Technol 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2014.09.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Moset V, Cerisuelo A, Ferrer P, Jimenez A, Bertolini E, Cambra-López M. Microbial examination of anaerobic sludge adaptation to animal slurry. Environ Technol 2014; 35:749-758. [PMID: 24645456 DOI: 10.1080/09593330.2013.848940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to evaluate changes in the microbial population of anaerobic sludge digesters during the adaptation to pig slurry (PS) using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) and qualitative scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Additionally, the relationship between microbial parameters and sludge physicochemical composition and methane yield was examined. Results showed that the addition of PS to an unadapted thermophilic anaerobic digester caused an increase in volatile fatty acids (VFA) concentration, a decrease in removal efficiency and CH4 yield. Additionally, increases in total bacteria and total archaea were observed using qPCR. Scanning electron micrographs provided a general overview of the sludge's cell morphology, morphological diversity and degree of organic matter degradation. A change in microbial morphotypes from homogeneous cell morphologies to a higher morphological diversity, similar to that observed in PS, was observed with the addition of PS by SEM. Therefore, the combination of qPCR and SEM allowed expanding the knowledge about the microbial adaptation to animal slurry in thermophilic anaerobic digesters.
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Ferrer P, Cambra-López M, Cerisuelo A, Peñaranda DS, Moset V. The use of agricultural substrates to improve methane yield in anaerobic co-digestion with pig slurry: effect of substrate type and inclusion level. Waste Manag 2014; 34:196-203. [PMID: 24238994 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2013.10.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2013] [Revised: 10/11/2013] [Accepted: 10/13/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Anaerobic co-digestion of pig slurry with four agricultural substrates (tomato, pepper, persimmon and peach) was investigated. Each agricultural substrate was tested in co-digestion with pig slurry at four inclusion levels: 0%, 15%, 30% and 50%. Inclusion levels consisted in the replacement of the volatile solids (VS) from the pig slurry with the VS from the agricultural substrate. The effect of substrate type and inclusion level on the biochemical methane potential (BMP) was evaluated in a batch assay performed at 35 °C for 100 days. Agricultural substrate's chemical composition was also analyzed and related with BMP. Additionally, Bacteria and Archaea domains together with the four main methanogenic archaeal orders were quantified using quantitative real-time TaqMan polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) at the end of the experiment to determine the influence of agricultural substrate on sludge's microbial composition. Results showed that vegetable substrates (pepper and tomato) had higher lipid and protein content and lower carbohydrates than fruit substrates (persimmon and peach). Among substrates, vegetable substrates showed higher BMP than fruit substrates. Higher BMP values were obtained with increasing addition of agricultural substrate. The replacement of 50% of VS from pig slurry by tomato and pepper increased BMP in 41% and 44%, respectively compared with pig slurry only. Lower increments in BMP were achieved with lower inclusion levels. Results from qPCR showed that total bacteria and total archaea gene concentrations were similar in all combinations tested. Methanomicrobiales gene concentrations dominated over the rest of individual archaeal orders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pablo Ferrer
- Institute of Animal Science and Technology, Universitat Politècnica de València (UPV), Cno. de Vera s/n, 46022 Valencia, Spain.
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15
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Adell E, Moset V, Zhao Y, Jiménez-Belenguer A, Cerisuelo A, Cambra-López M. Comparative performance of three sampling techniques to detect airborne Salmonella species in poultry farms. Ann Agric Environ Med 2014; 21:15-24. [PMID: 24742034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Sampling techniques to detect airborne Salmonella species (spp.) in two pilot scale broiler houses were compared. Broilers were inoculated at seven days of age with a marked strain of Salmonella enteritidis. The rearing cycle lasted 42 days during the summer. Airborne Salmonella spp. were sampled weekly using impaction, gravitational settling, and impingement techniques. Additionally, Salmonella spp. were sampled on feeders, drinkers, walls, and in the litter. Environmental conditions (temperature, relative humidity, and airborne particulate matter (PM) concentration) were monitored during the rearing cycle. The presence of Salmonella spp. was determined by culture-dependent and molecular methods. No cultivable Salmonella spp. were recovered from the poultry houses' surfaces, the litter, or the air before inoculation. After inoculation, cultivable Salmonella spp. were recovered from the surfaces and in the litter. Airborne cultivable Salmonella spp. Were detected using impaction and gravitational settling one or two weeks after the detection of Salmonella spp. in the litter. No cultivable Salmonella spp. were recovered using impingement based on culture-dependent techniques. At low airborne concentrations, the use of impingement for the quantification or detection of cultivable airborne Salmonella spp. is not recommended. In these cases, a combination of culture-dependent and culture-independent methods is recommended. These data are valuable to improve current measures to control the transmission of pathogens in livestock environments and for optimising the sampling and detection of airborne Salmonella spp. in practical conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Adell
- Universitat Politècnica de València. Institute of Animal Science and Technology, Valencia, Spain
| | - Verónica Moset
- Instituto Valenciano de Investigaciones Agrarias. Centro de Tecnología Animal, Segorbe, Castellón, Spain
| | - Yang Zhao
- Iowa State University. Department of Agricultural and Biosystems Engineering, Iowa, USA
| | | | - Alba Cerisuelo
- Instituto Valenciano de Investigaciuones Agrarias. Centro de Tecnología Animal. Polígono la Esperanza N 100, 12400 Segorbe, Spain
| | - María Cambra-López
- Universitat Politècnica de València. Institute of Animal Science and Technology, Valencia, Spain
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Adell E, Estellés F, Torres AG, Cambra-López M. Morphology, chemical composition, and bacterial concentration of airborne particulate matter in rabbit farms. World Rabbit Sci 2012. [DOI: 10.4995/wrs.2012.1211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
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17
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Adell E, Calvet S, Torres AG, Cambra-López M. Particulate matter concentrations and emissions in rabbit farms. World Rabbit Sci 2012. [DOI: 10.4995/wrs.2012.1035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
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18
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Calvet S, Estellés F, Cambra-López M, Torres A, Van den Weghe H. The influence of broiler activity, growth rate, and litter on carbon dioxide balances for the determination of ventilation flow rates in broiler production. Poult Sci 2011; 90:2449-58. [DOI: 10.3382/ps.2011-01580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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Abstract
Gas emissions from broiler production have been the subject of intensive research. However, little experimental information exists for farms under the particular management and environmental conditions of the European Mediterranean area. In this study, ammonia, carbon dioxide, methane, and nitrous oxide concentrations and emissions were measured in a commercial broiler farm located in Spain. Gas concentrations were measured using a photoacoustic gas monitor, whereas the ventilation flow was evaluated by controlling the operation status of each fan. Two rearing periods were studied, one in summer and one in winter. All gas emissions increased with bird age. Ammonia emission rates averaged 19.7 and 18.1 mg/h per bird in the summer and winter, respectively, and increased with indoor temperature (r(2) = 0.51 in summer; r(2) = 0.42 in winter). Average CO(2) emission rates were 3.84 and 4.06 g/h per bird, CH(4) emission was 0.44 and 1.87 mg/h per bird, and N(2)O emission was 1.74 and 2.13 mg/h per bird in summer and winter, respectively. A sinusoidal daily variation pattern was observed in all emissions except for CH(4). These patterns were characterized in terms of time of maximum emission and amplitude of the daily variation.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Calvet
- Institute of Animal Science and Technology, Universidad Politécnica de Valencia, 46022, Valencia, Spain.
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20
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Calvet S, Cambra-López M, Estellés Barber F, Torres AG. Characterization of the indoor environment and gas emissions in rabbit farms. World rabbit sci 2011. [DOI: 10.4995/wrs.2011.802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
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21
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Cambra-López M, Aarnink AJA, Zhao Y, Calvet S, Torres AG. Airborne particulate matter from livestock production systems: a review of an air pollution problem. Environ Pollut 2010; 158:1-17. [PMID: 19656601 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2009.07.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 156] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2008] [Revised: 07/06/2009] [Accepted: 07/12/2009] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Livestock housing is an important source of emissions of particulate matter (PM). High concentrations of PM can threaten the environment, as well as the health and welfare of humans and animals. Particulate matter in livestock houses is mainly coarse, primary in origin, and organic; it can adsorb and contain gases, odorous compounds, and micro-organisms, which can enhance its biological effect. Levels of PM in livestock houses are high, influenced by kind of housing and feeding, animal type, and environmental factors. Improved knowledge on particle morphology, primarily size, composition, levels, and the factors influencing these can be useful to identify and quantify sources of PM more accurately, to evaluate their effects, and to propose adequate abatement strategies in livestock houses. This paper reviews the state-of-the-art of PM in and from livestock production systems. Future research to characterize and control PM in livestock houses is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Cambra-López
- Institute of Animal Science and Technology, Universidad Politécnica de Valencia, Camino de Vera s.n., 46022 Valencia, Spain.
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