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Augusto de Oliveira MF, Agne DB, Bastos LSS, Andrade de Oliveira LM, Saintive S, Goudouris ES, do Prado EA, Fragoso Dos Santos H, da Silva Pereira R, Cavalcante FS, de Carvalho Ferreira D, Dos Santos KRN. Atopic dermatitis pediatric patients show high rates of nasal and intestinal colonization by methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus and coagulase-negative staphylococci. BMC Microbiol 2024; 24:42. [PMID: 38287251 PMCID: PMC10823624 DOI: 10.1186/s12866-023-03165-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/31/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Atopic dermatitis (AD) patients have high rates of colonization by Staphylococcus aureus, which has been associated with worsening of the disease. This study characterized Staphylococcus spp isolates recovered from nares and feces of pediatric patients with AD in relation to antimicrobial susceptibility, staphylococcal cassette chromosome mec (SCCmec) type, presence of pvl genes and clonality. Besides, gut bacterial community profiles were compared with those of children without AD. RESULTS All 55 AD patients evaluated had colonization by Staphylococcus spp. Fifty-three (96.4%) patients had colonization in both clinical sites, whereas one patient each was not colonize in the nares or gut. Staphylococcus aureus was identified in the nostrils and feces of 45 (81.8%) and 39 (70.9%) patients, respectively. Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus spp. isolates were found in 70.9% of the patients, and 24 (43.6%) had methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA). S. aureus (55.6%) and S. epidermidis (26.5%) were the major species found. The prevalent lineages of S. aureus were USA800/SCCmecIV (47.6%) and USA1100/SCCmecIV (21.4%), and 61.9% of the evaluated patients had the same genotype in both sites. Additionally, gut bacterial profile of AD patients exhibits greater dissimilarity from the control group than it does among varying severities of AD. CONCLUSIONS High rates of nasal and intestinal colonization by S. aureus and methicillin-resistant staphylococci isolates were found in AD patients. Besides, gut bacterial profiles of AD patients were distinctly different from those of the control group, emphasizing the importance of monitoring S. aureus colonization and gut microbiome composition in AD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariana Fernandes Augusto de Oliveira
- Laboratório de Infecção Hospitalar, Departamento de Microbiologia Médica, Instituto de Microbiologia Paulo de Góes, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, CCS, Bloco I, Sala I2-010, UFRJ. Cidade Universitária, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil, CEP: 21941-590
| | - Daiane Bitencourt Agne
- Laboratório de Infecção Hospitalar, Departamento de Microbiologia Médica, Instituto de Microbiologia Paulo de Góes, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, CCS, Bloco I, Sala I2-010, UFRJ. Cidade Universitária, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil, CEP: 21941-590
| | - Ludmila Sento Sé Bastos
- Laboratório de Infecção Hospitalar, Departamento de Microbiologia Médica, Instituto de Microbiologia Paulo de Góes, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, CCS, Bloco I, Sala I2-010, UFRJ. Cidade Universitária, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil, CEP: 21941-590
| | - Laura Maria Andrade de Oliveira
- Laboratório de Cocos Patogênicos e Microbiota, Departamento de Microbiologia Médica, Instituto de Microbiologia Paulo de Góes, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brasil
| | - Simone Saintive
- Serviço de Dermatologia Pediátrica, Instituto de Puericultura e Pediatria Martagão Gesteira, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brasil
| | - Ekaterini Simoes Goudouris
- Serviço de Imunologia Pediátrica, Instituto de Puericultura e Pediatria Martagão Gesteira, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brasil
| | - Evandro Alves do Prado
- Serviço de Imunologia Pediátrica, Instituto de Puericultura e Pediatria Martagão Gesteira, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brasil
| | | | - Raphael da Silva Pereira
- Laboratório de Biotecnologia e Ecologia Microbiana, Departamento de Microbiologia Geral, Instituto de Microbiologia Paulo de Góes, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brasil
| | - Fernanda Sampaio Cavalcante
- Departamento de Clínica Médica, Instituto de Ciências Médicas, Centro Multidisciplinar de Macaé, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Macaé, Brasil
| | - Dennis de Carvalho Ferreira
- Faculdade de Odontologia, Universidade Veiga de Almeida, Rio de Janeiro, Brasil
- Faculdade de Odontologia, Universidade Estácio de Sá, Rio de Janeiro, Brasil
- Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brasil
| | - Kátia Regina Netto Dos Santos
- Laboratório de Infecção Hospitalar, Departamento de Microbiologia Médica, Instituto de Microbiologia Paulo de Góes, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, CCS, Bloco I, Sala I2-010, UFRJ. Cidade Universitária, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil, CEP: 21941-590.
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Hefzy EM, Radwan TEE, Hozayen BMM, Mahmoud EE, Khalil MAF. Antiseptics and mupirocin resistance in clinical, environmental, and colonizing coagulase negative Staphylococcus isolates. Antimicrob Resist Infect Control 2023; 12:110. [PMID: 37794413 PMCID: PMC10552417 DOI: 10.1186/s13756-023-01310-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2023] [Accepted: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 10/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Coagulase-Negative Staphylococci (CoNS) are opportunistic and nosocomial pathogens. The excessive use of antimicrobial agents, including antiseptics, represents one of the world's major public health problems. This study aimed to test the susceptibility of CoNS to antiseptics. METHODS Out of 250 specimens collected from different sections of the hospital, 55 samples were identified as CoNS, categorized into three groups based on their sources: environmental samples (n = 32), healthcare worker carriers samples (n = 14), and clinical infection samples (n = 9). Isolates were examined for susceptibility to antibiotics and antiseptics, such as benzalkonium chloride (BC), cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB), and chlorhexidine digluconate (CHDG). Mupirocin and antiseptic resistance genes, as well as the mecA gene, were detected using polymerase chain reaction. CoNS isolates with notable resistance to antiseptics and antibiotics were identified using the API-Staph system. RESULTS A high frequency of multidrug resistance among CoNS clinical infection isolates was observed. Approximately half of the CoNS isolates from healthcare workers were susceptible to CHDG, but 93% were resistant to BC and CTAB. The frequency of antiseptics and antibiotics resistance genes in CoNS isolates was as follows: qacA/B (51/55; 92.7%), smr (22/55; 40.0%), qacG (1/55; 1.8%), qacH (6/55; 10.9%), qacJ (4/55; 7.3%), mecA (35/55; 63.6%), mupB (10/55; 18.2%), and mupA (7/55; 12.7%). A significant difference in the prevalence of smr gene and qacJ genes between CoNS isolates from healthcare workers and other isolates was reported (P value = 0.032 and ˂0.001, respectively). Four different CoNS species; S. epidermidis, S. chromogene, S. haemolyticus, and S. hominis, were identified by API. CONCLUSIONS CoNS isolates colonizing healthcare workers showed a high prevalence of antiseptic resistance genes, while clinical infection samples were more resistant to antibiotics. CHDG demonstrated greater efficacy than BC and CTAB in our hospital.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enas Mamdouh Hefzy
- Medical Microbiology and Immunology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Fayoum University, Fayoum, 63514, Egypt.
| | | | - Basma M M Hozayen
- Botany Department, Faculty of Science, Fayoum University, Fayoum, Egypt
| | - Eman E Mahmoud
- Department of Clinical and Chemical Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Fayoum University, Fayoum, Egypt
| | - Mahmoud A F Khalil
- Microbiology and Immunology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Fayoum University, Fayoum, Egypt
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Guimarães LC, Assunção MIDMM, de Oliveira TLR, Cavalcante FS, Saintive S, Abad EDD, Goudouris ES, do Prado EA, Ferreira DDC, dos Santos KRN. Methicillin-resistant and methicillin-sensitive Staphylococcus aureus isolates from skin and nares of Brazilian children with atopic dermatitis demonstrate high level of clonal diversity. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0276960. [PMID: 36327238 PMCID: PMC9632840 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0276960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2022] [Accepted: 10/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Atopic dermatitis (AD) primarily affects the pediatric population, which is highly colonized by S. aureus. However, little is known about the genetic features of this microorganism and other staphylococcal species that colonize AD patients. OBJECTIVE This study aimed to characterize Staphylococcus spp. isolated from the nares and skin (with and without lesion) of 30 AD and 12 non-AD Brazilian children. METHODS Skin and nasal swabs were cultured onto mannitol salt agar, and bacterial colonies were counted and identified by matrix assisted laser desorption ionization time of flight mass spectrometry and polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Antimicrobial susceptibility was evaluated by phenotypic and genotypic tests. In S. aureus isolates, Panton-Valentine leukocidin genes were detected by PCR, and their clonality was assessed by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis and multilocus sequence typing. RESULTS S. aureus was more prevalent in the nares (P = 0.005) and lesional skin (P = 0.0002) of children with AD, while S. hominis was more frequent in the skin of non-AD children (P < 0.0001). All children in the study, except one from each group, were colonized by methicillin-resistant coagulase-negative Staphylococcus and 24% by methicillin-resistant S. aureus. Despite the great clonal diversity of S. aureus (18 sequence types identified), most AD children (74.1%) were colonized by the same genotype in both niches. CONCLUSION High colonization by polyclonal S. aureus isolates was found among children with AD, while S. hominis was more frequent among non-AD children. The high prevalence of methicillin-resistant staphylococcal isolates highlights the importance of continued surveillance, especially when considering empiric antibiotic therapy for the treatment of skin infections in these patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorrayne Cardoso Guimarães
- Departamento de Microbiologia Médica, Instituto de Microbiologia Paulo de Góes, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | | | - Tamara Lopes Rocha de Oliveira
- Departamento de Microbiologia Médica, Instituto de Microbiologia Paulo de Góes, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Fernanda Sampaio Cavalcante
- Departamento de Clínica Médica, Instituto de Ciências Médicas, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Campus Macaé, Macaé, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Simone Saintive
- Ambulatório de Dermatologia Pediátrica, Instituto de Puericultura e Pediatria Martagão Gesteira, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Eliane de Dios Abad
- Ambulatório de Dermatologia Pediátrica, Instituto de Puericultura e Pediatria Martagão Gesteira, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Ekaterini Simoes Goudouris
- Ambulatório de Alergia Pediátrica, Instituto de Puericultura e Pediatria Martagão Gesteira, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Evandro Alves do Prado
- Ambulatório de Alergia Pediátrica, Instituto de Puericultura e Pediatria Martagão Gesteira, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Dennis de Carvalho Ferreira
- Faculdade de Odontologia, Universidade Estácio de Sá, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Faculdade de Odontologia, Universidade Veiga de Almeida, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Faculdade de Enfermagem, Departamento de Fundamentos de Enfermagem, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Kátia Regina Netto dos Santos
- Departamento de Microbiologia Médica, Instituto de Microbiologia Paulo de Góes, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- * E-mail:
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Akinduti PA, Obafemi YD, Ugboko H, El-Ashker M, Akinnola O, Agunsoye CJ, Oladotun A, Phiri BSJ, Oranusi SU. Emerging vancomycin-non susceptible coagulase negative Staphylococci associated with skin and soft tissue infections. Ann Clin Microbiol Antimicrob 2022; 21:31. [PMID: 35778767 PMCID: PMC9250237 DOI: 10.1186/s12941-022-00516-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2021] [Accepted: 05/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Backgrounds Observable emergence of Vancomycin-Non susceptible Coagulase-negative Staphylococci (VNS-CoNS) associated with skin and soft tissue infections spreading among the urban and rural populace is gradually intensifying severe complications. The isolated VNS-CoNS were evaluated with Matrix-assisted Laser Desorption/ionization Time of Flight Mass Spectrometry (MALDI ToF MS) for species characterization and pan-antimicrobial resistance pattern. Methods Out of 256 clinical samples collected including pus, abscess, ear swabs, eye swabs, and aspirates, 91 CoNS isolates were biotyped and further characterized with MALDI-TOF MS. Staphylococci marker genes, Vancomycin susceptibility, and biofilm assays were performed. Results Of 91 CoNS isolates, S.cohnii (2.3%), S.condimentii (3.4%), S. saprophyticus (6.7%), and S.scuri (21.1%) were characterized with MALDI-TOF with significant detection rate (99.4%; CI 95, 0.775–0.997, positive predictive values, 90.2%) compared to lower biotyping detection rate (p = 0.001). Hemolytic VNS-CoNS lacked nuc, pvl and spa genes from wound, ear, and aspirates of more 0.83 MARI clustered into a separate phylo-diverse group and were widely distributed in urban and peri-urban locations. MALDI TOF–MS yielded a high discriminatory potential of AUC-ROC score of 0.963 with true-positivity prediction. VNS-CoNS of MIC ≥ 16 µg/mL were observed among all the ages with significant resistance at 25th and 75th quartiles. More than 10.5% of CoNS expressed multi-antibiotic resistance with more than 8 µg/mL vancomycin cut-off values (p < 0.05). Conclusion Antibiotic resistant CoNS should be considered significant pathogens rather than contaminant. Biofilm producing VNS-S. sciuri and S. condimentii are potential strains with high pathological tropism for skin, soft tissues and wound infections, and these strains require urgent surveillance in peri-urban and rural communities. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12941-022-00516-4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul A Akinduti
- Microbiology Unit, Department of Biological Sciences, Covenant University, Km 10, Idi-Iroko Road, Ota, Nigeria.
| | - Yemisi Dorcas Obafemi
- Microbiology Unit, Department of Biological Sciences, Covenant University, Km 10, Idi-Iroko Road, Ota, Nigeria
| | - Harriet Ugboko
- Microbiology Unit, Department of Biological Sciences, Covenant University, Km 10, Idi-Iroko Road, Ota, Nigeria
| | - Maged El-Ashker
- Department of Internal Medicine and Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, 35516, Egypt
| | - Olayemi Akinnola
- Microbiology Unit, Department of Biological Sciences, Covenant University, Km 10, Idi-Iroko Road, Ota, Nigeria
| | | | - Abiola Oladotun
- Department of Microbiology, Federal University of Agriculture, Abeokuta, Nigeria
| | - Bruno S J Phiri
- Central Veterinary Research Institute (CVRI), Lusaka, Zambia
| | - Solomon U Oranusi
- Microbiology Unit, Department of Biological Sciences, Covenant University, Km 10, Idi-Iroko Road, Ota, Nigeria
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