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Fiallo-Olivé E, Navas-Castillo J. Begomoviruses: what is the secret(s) of their success? TRENDS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 28:715-727. [PMID: 36805143 DOI: 10.1016/j.tplants.2023.01.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2022] [Revised: 01/16/2023] [Accepted: 01/26/2023] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Begomoviruses constitute an extremely successful group of emerging plant viruses transmitted by whiteflies of the Bemisia tabaci complex. Hosts include important vegetable, root, and fiber crops grown in the tropics and subtropics. Factors contributing to the ever-increasing diversity and success of begomoviruses include their predisposition to recombine their genomes, interaction with DNA satellites recruited throughout their evolution, presence of wild plants as a virus reservoir and a source of speciation, and extreme polyphagia and continuous movement of the insect vectors to temperate regions. These features as well as some controversial issues (replication in the insect vector, putative seed transmission, transmission by insects other than B. tabaci, and expansion of the host range to monocotyledonous plants) will be analyzed in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elvira Fiallo-Olivé
- Instituto de Hortofruticultura Subtropical y Mediterránea 'La Mayora' (IHSM-UMA-CSIC), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, 29750 Algarrobo-Costa, Málaga, Spain.
| | - Jesús Navas-Castillo
- Instituto de Hortofruticultura Subtropical y Mediterránea 'La Mayora' (IHSM-UMA-CSIC), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, 29750 Algarrobo-Costa, Málaga, Spain
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Barman M, Samanta S, Ahmed B, Dey S, Chakraborty S, Deeksha M, Dutta S, Samanta A, Tarafdar J, Roy D. Transcription dynamics of heat-shock proteins (Hsps) and endosymbiont titres in response to thermal stress in whitefly, Bemisia tabaci (Asia-I). Front Physiol 2023; 13:1097459. [PMID: 36714306 PMCID: PMC9880761 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.1097459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2022] [Accepted: 12/23/2022] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The sweet potato whitefly, Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius), is one of the several species complexes of whitefly that are currently significant agricultural pests. Bemisia tabaci infests more than 600 plant species and thrives under a wide range of temperature conditions. In addition to the direct damage caused by sucking plant sap, it vectors several plant viruses. Heat-shock proteins play a pivotal role in enabling the insect to extend its geographical location, survival, and reproduction under different stress conditions. B. tabaci harbours several endosymbionts under the genera Portiera, Rickettsia, Hamiltonella, Wolbachia, Arsenophonus, Cardinium, and Fritschea that directly or indirectly affect its fitness. By accelerating cuticle biosynthesis and sclerotisation, symbiotic microbes can reduce or enhance tolerance to extreme temperatures and detoxify heavy metals. Thus, symbionts or microbial communities can expand or constrain the abiotic niche space of their host and affect its ability to adapt to changing conditions. The present study delineates the effect of thermal stress on the expression of heat-shock genes and endosymbionts in B. tabaci. Studies of the expression level of heat-shock proteins with the help of quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) showed that heat- and cold-shock treatment fuels the increased expression of heat-shock proteins (Hsp40 and Hsp70). However, Hsp90 was not induced by a heat- and cold-shock treatment. A significant decrease in the relative titre of secondary endosymbionts, such as Rickettsia, Arsenophonus, and Wolbachia, were recorded in B. tabaci upon heat treatment. However, the titre of the primary symbiont, C. Portiera, was relatively unaffected by both cold and heat treatments. These results are indicative of the fact that Hsp genes and endosymbionts in B. tabaci are modulated in response to thermal stress, and this might be responsible for the adaptation of whitefly under changing climatic scenario.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mritunjoy Barman
- Department of Agricultural Entomology, B.C.K.V, Mohanpur, West Bengal, India,GD Goenka University, Gurgaon, Haryana, India,*Correspondence: Mritunjoy Barman, ; Jayanta Tarafdar, ; Deepayan Roy,
| | - Snigdha Samanta
- Department of Agricultural Entomology, B.C.K.V, Mohanpur, West Bengal, India
| | | | - Soumik Dey
- Faculty Centre for Agriculture Rural and Tribal Development (ARTD), RKMVERI, Ranchi, India
| | | | - M.G. Deeksha
- Division of Entomology, I.C.A.R-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India
| | - Subham Dutta
- Department of Plant Pathology, B.C.K.V, Nadia, West Bengal, India
| | - Arunava Samanta
- Department of Agricultural Entomology, B.C.K.V, Mohanpur, West Bengal, India
| | - Jayanta Tarafdar
- Department of Plant Pathology, B.C.K.V, Nadia, West Bengal, India,*Correspondence: Mritunjoy Barman, ; Jayanta Tarafdar, ; Deepayan Roy,
| | - Deepayan Roy
- GD Goenka University, Gurgaon, Haryana, India,*Correspondence: Mritunjoy Barman, ; Jayanta Tarafdar, ; Deepayan Roy,
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Barman M, Samanta S, Upadhyaya G, Thakur H, Chakraborty S, Samanta A, Tarafdar J. Unraveling the Basis of Neonicotinoid Resistance in Whitefly Species Complex: Role of Endosymbiotic Bacteria and Insecticide Resistance Genes. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:901793. [PMID: 35814684 PMCID: PMC9260502 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.901793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2022] [Accepted: 05/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Bemisia tabaci (whitefly) is one of the most detrimental agricultural insect pests and vectors of many plant viruses distributed worldwide. Knowledge of the distribution patterns and insecticide resistance of this cryptic species is crucial for its management. In this study, genetic variation of mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase subunit 1 (MtCoI) gene of B. tabaci was analyzed followed by a study of the infection profile of various endosymbionts in 26 whitefly populations collected from West Bengal, India. Phylogenetic analysis revealed Asia I as the major cryptic species (65.38%), followed by Asia II 5, China 3, and Asia II 7, which were diversified into 20 different haplotypes. In addition to the primary endosymbiont (C. poriera), each of the four whitefly species showed a variable population of three secondary endosymbionts, majorly Arsenophonus with the highest infection rate (73.07%), followed by Wolbachia and Rickettsia. Further phylogenetic analyses revealed the presence of two subgroups of Arsenophonus, viz., A1 and A2, and one each in Wolbachia (W1) and Rickettsia (R3). Resistance to thiamethoxam, imidacloprid, and acetamiprid insecticides was analyzed for a clear picture of pesticide resistance status. The highest susceptibility was noted toward thiamethoxam (LC50 = 5.36 mg/L), followed by imidacloprid and acetamiprid. The whitefly population from Purulia and Hooghly districts bearing Asia II 7 and Asia II 5 cryptic species, respectively, shows maximum resistance. The differences in mean relative titer of four symbiotic bacteria among field populations varied considerably; however, a significant positive linear correlation was observed between the resistance level and relative titer of Arsenophonus and Wolbachia in the case of imidacloprid and thiamethoxam, while only Wolbachia was found in case of acetamiprid. Expression analysis demonstrated differential upregulation of insecticide resistance genes with Purulia and Hooghly populations showing maximally upregulated P450 genes. Moreover, thiamethoxam and imidacloprid resistance ratio (RR) showed a significant correlation with CYP6CM1, CYP6DZ7, and CYP4C64 genes, while acetamiprid RR correlated with CYP6CX1, CYP6DW2, CYP6DZ7, and CYP4C64 genes. Taken together, these findings suggested that P450 mono-oxygenase and symbiotic bacteria together affected whitefly resistance to neonicotinoids. Hence, a symbiont-oriented management programme could be a better alternative to control or delay resistance development in whitefly and can be used for pesticide clean-up in an agricultural field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mritunjoy Barman
- Department of Agricultural Entomology, Bidhan Chandra Krishi Viswavidyalaya, Mohanpur, India
| | - Snigdha Samanta
- Department of Agricultural Entomology, Bidhan Chandra Krishi Viswavidyalaya, Mohanpur, India
| | - Gouranga Upadhyaya
- Department of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Kolkata, Kolkata, India
- *Correspondence: Gouranga Upadhyaya
| | - Himanshu Thakur
- Department of Entomology, C.S.K. Himachal Pradesh Krishi Vishvavidyalaya, Palampur, India
| | - Swati Chakraborty
- Department of Plant Pathology, Bidhan Chandra Krishi Viswavidyalaya, Nadia, India
| | - Arunava Samanta
- Department of Agricultural Entomology, Bidhan Chandra Krishi Viswavidyalaya, Mohanpur, India
| | - Jayanta Tarafdar
- Department of Plant Pathology, Bidhan Chandra Krishi Viswavidyalaya, Nadia, India
- Jayanta Tarafdar
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