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Korzun T, Moses AS, Jozic A, Grigoriev V, Newton S, Kim J, Diba P, Sattler A, Levasseur PR, Le N, Singh P, Sharma KS, Goo YT, Mamnoon B, Raitmayr C, Mesquita Souza AP, Taratula OR, Sahay G, Taratula O, Marks DL. Lipid Nanoparticles Elicit Reactogenicity and Sickness Behavior in Mice Via Toll-Like Receptor 4 and Myeloid Differentiation Protein 88 Axis. ACS NANO 2024; 18:24842-24859. [PMID: 39186628 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.4c05088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/28/2024]
Abstract
mRNA therapeutics encapsulated in lipid nanoparticles (LNPs) offer promising avenues for treating various diseases. While mRNA vaccines anticipate immunogenicity, the associated reactogenicity of mRNA-loaded LNPs poses significant challenges, especially in protein replacement therapies requiring multiple administrations, leading to adverse effects and suboptimal therapeutic outcomes. Historically, research has primarily focused on the reactogenicity of mRNA cargo, leaving the role of LNPs understudied in this context. Adjuvanticity and pro-inflammatory characteristics of LNPs, originating at least in part from ionizable lipids, may induce inflammation, activate toll-like receptors (TLRs), and impact mRNA translation. Knowledge gaps remain in understanding LNP-induced TLR activation and its impact on induction of animal sickness behavior. We hypothesized that ionizable lipids in LNPs, structurally resembling lipid A from lipopolysaccharide, could activate TLR4 signaling via MyD88 and TRIF adaptors, thereby propagating LNP-associated reactogenicity. Our comprehensive investigation utilizing gene ablation studies and pharmacological receptor manipulation proves that TLR4 activation by LNPs triggers distinct physiologically meaningful responses in mice. We show that TLR4 and MyD88 are essential for reactogenic signal initiation, pro-inflammatory gene expression, and physiological outcomes like food intake and body weight─robust metrics of sickness behavior in mice. The application of the TLR4 inhibitor TAK-242 effectively reduces the reactogenicity associated with LNPs by mitigating TLR4-driven inflammatory responses. Our findings elucidate the critical role of the TLR4-MyD88 axis in LNP-induced reactogenicity, providing a mechanistic framework for developing safer mRNA therapeutics and offering a strategy to mitigate adverse effects through targeted inhibition of this pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tetiana Korzun
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Oregon State University, 2730 S Moody Avenue, Portland, Oregon 97201, United States
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Oregon Health & Science University, 3303 SW Bond Avenue, Portland, Oregon 97239, United States
- Medical Scientist Training Program, Oregon Health & Science University, 3181 SW Sam Jackson Park Road, Portland, Oregon 97239, United States
| | - Abraham S Moses
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Oregon State University, 2730 S Moody Avenue, Portland, Oregon 97201, United States
| | - Antony Jozic
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Oregon State University, 2730 S Moody Avenue, Portland, Oregon 97201, United States
| | - Vladislav Grigoriev
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Oregon State University, 2730 S Moody Avenue, Portland, Oregon 97201, United States
| | - Samuel Newton
- Papé Family Pediatric Research Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, 3181 SW Sam Jackson Park Rd, Mail Code L481, Portland, Oregon 97239, United States
| | - Jeonghwan Kim
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Oregon State University, 2730 S Moody Avenue, Portland, Oregon 97201, United States
- College of Pharmacy, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, Republic of Korea
| | - Parham Diba
- Medical Scientist Training Program, Oregon Health & Science University, 3181 SW Sam Jackson Park Road, Portland, Oregon 97239, United States
- Papé Family Pediatric Research Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, 3181 SW Sam Jackson Park Rd, Mail Code L481, Portland, Oregon 97239, United States
| | - Ariana Sattler
- Cancer Early Detection Advanced Research Center, Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, 2720 S Moody Avenue, Portland, Oregon 97201, United States
| | - Peter R Levasseur
- Papé Family Pediatric Research Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, 3181 SW Sam Jackson Park Rd, Mail Code L481, Portland, Oregon 97239, United States
| | - Ngoc Le
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Oregon State University, 2730 S Moody Avenue, Portland, Oregon 97201, United States
| | - Prem Singh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Oregon State University, 2730 S Moody Avenue, Portland, Oregon 97201, United States
| | - Kongbrailatpam Shitaljit Sharma
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Oregon State University, 2730 S Moody Avenue, Portland, Oregon 97201, United States
| | - Yoon Tae Goo
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Oregon State University, 2730 S Moody Avenue, Portland, Oregon 97201, United States
| | - Babak Mamnoon
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Oregon State University, 2730 S Moody Avenue, Portland, Oregon 97201, United States
| | - Constanze Raitmayr
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Oregon State University, 2730 S Moody Avenue, Portland, Oregon 97201, United States
| | - Ana Paula Mesquita Souza
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Oregon State University, 2730 S Moody Avenue, Portland, Oregon 97201, United States
| | - Olena R Taratula
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Oregon State University, 2730 S Moody Avenue, Portland, Oregon 97201, United States
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Oregon Health & Science University, 3303 SW Bond Avenue, Portland, Oregon 97239, United States
| | - Gaurav Sahay
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Oregon State University, 2730 S Moody Avenue, Portland, Oregon 97201, United States
| | - Oleh Taratula
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Oregon State University, 2730 S Moody Avenue, Portland, Oregon 97201, United States
| | - Daniel L Marks
- Endevica Bio, 1935 Techny Rd, Northbrook, Illinois 60062, United States
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Marchese AM, Rousculp M, Macbeth J, Beyhaghi H, Seet BT, Toback S. The Novavax Heterologous Coronavirus Disease 2019 Booster Demonstrates Lower Reactogenicity Than Messenger RNA: A Targeted Review. J Infect Dis 2024; 230:e496-e502. [PMID: 37992183 PMCID: PMC11326839 DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jiad519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2023] [Revised: 11/08/2023] [Accepted: 11/18/2023] [Indexed: 11/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) continues to be a global health concern, and booster doses are necessary for maintaining vaccine-mediated protection, limiting the spread of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2. Despite multiple COVID-19 vaccine options, global booster uptake remains low. Reactogenicity, the occurrence of adverse local/systemic side effects, plays a crucial role in vaccine uptake and acceptance, particularly for booster doses. We conducted a targeted review of the reactogenicity of authorized/approved messenger RNA (mRNA) and protein-based vaccines demonstrated by clinical trials and real-world evidence. It was found that mRNA-based boosters show a higher incidence and an increased severity of reactogenicity compared with the Novavax protein-based COVID-19 vaccine (NVX-CoV2373). In a recent study from the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, the incidence of pain/tenderness, swelling, erythema, fatigue/malaise, headache, muscle pain, or fever was higher in individuals boosted with BNT162b2 (0.4% to 41.6% absolute increase) or mRNA-1273 (5.5% to 55.0% absolute increase) compared with NVX-CoV2373. Evidence suggests that NVX-CoV2373, when utilized as a heterologous booster, demonstrates less reactogenicity compared with mRNA vaccines, which, if communicated to hesitant individuals, may strengthen booster uptake rates worldwide. Clinical Trials Registration NCT04889209.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Matthew Rousculp
- Department of Medical Affairs, Novavax, Inc, Gaithersburg, Maryland
| | - John Macbeth
- Department of Medical Affairs, Novavax, Inc, Gaithersburg, Maryland
| | - Hadi Beyhaghi
- Department of Medical Affairs, Novavax, Inc, Gaithersburg, Maryland
| | - Bruce T Seet
- Department of Medical Affairs, Novavax, Inc, Gaithersburg, Maryland
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Canada
| | - Seth Toback
- Department of Medical Affairs, Novavax, Inc, Gaithersburg, Maryland
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Iqbal SM, Rosen AM, Edwards D, Bolio A, Larson HJ, Servin M, Rudowitz M, Carfi A, Ceddia F. Opportunities and challenges to implementing mRNA-based vaccines and medicines: lessons from COVID-19. Front Public Health 2024; 12:1429265. [PMID: 39175908 PMCID: PMC11340501 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2024.1429265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2024] [Accepted: 07/12/2024] [Indexed: 08/24/2024] Open
Abstract
The messenger RNA (mRNA) platform emerged at the forefront of vaccine development during the COVID-19 pandemic, with two mRNA COVID-19 vaccines being among the first authorized globally. These vaccines were developed rapidly. Informed by decades of laboratory research, and proved to be safe and efficacious tools for mitigating the global impact of the COVID-19 pandemic. The mRNA platform holds promise for a broader medical application beyond COVID-19. Herein, we provide an overview of this platform and describe lessons learned from the COVID-19 pandemic to help formulate strategies toward enhancing uptake of future mRNA-based interventions. We identify several strategies as vital for acceptance of an expanding array of mRNA-based vaccines and therapeutics, including education, accurate and transparent information sharing, targeted engagement campaigns, continued investment in vaccine safety surveillance, inclusion of diverse participant pools in clinical trials, and addressing deep-rooted inequalities in access to healthcare. We present findings from the Global Listening Project (GLP) initiative, which draws on quantitative and qualitative approaches to capture perceptions and experiences during the COVID-19 pandemic to help design concrete action plans for improving societal preparedness for future emergencies. The GLP survey (>70,000 respondents in 70 countries) revealed tremendous disparities across countries and sociodemographic groups regarding willingness to accept novel mRNA vaccines and medicines. The comfort in innovations in mRNA medicines was generally low (35%) and was marginally lower among women (33%). The GLP survey and lessons learnt from the COVID-19 pandemic provide actionable insights into designing effective strategies to enhance uptake of future mRNA-based medicines.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Ana Bolio
- London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Heidi J. Larson
- London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, University of London, London, United Kingdom
- Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
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Niyomnaitham S, Chokephaibulkit K, Pheerapanyawaranun C, Toh ZQ, Licciardi PV, Satayasanskul A, Jansarikit L, Assantachai P. Immunogenicity of BNT162b2 as a first booster after a ChAdOx1 primary series in a Thai geriatric population living with frailty. J Nutr Health Aging 2024; 28:100315. [PMID: 39025017 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnha.2024.100315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2024] [Revised: 07/06/2024] [Accepted: 07/08/2024] [Indexed: 07/20/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Impact of frailty towards immunogenicity and reactogenicity of BNT162b2 boosters administered via intramuscular or intradermal routes in a Thai geriatric population DESIGN: Prospective, randomized, open-labeled. SETTING Siriraj Hospital, Thailand. PARTICIPANTS Geriatric adults aged ≥65 years. INTERVENTION 10 μg intradermal or 30 μg intramuscular BNT162b2 (Pfizer-BioNTech). MEASUREMENTS Anti-SARS-CoV-2 receptor binding domain IgG, neutralizing antibodies (NAb), and interferon-gamma producing cells against Wuhan and Omicron BA.4/5. Analyses were stratified based on participants' Clinical Frailty Scale. RESULTS A total of 139 participants were included in the analysis. Two-four weeks post-booster administration, NAb titers against Wuhan but not Omicron BA.4/5 were significantly lower among frail participants than non-frail participants who received intramuscular administration. Spike-specific T cell responses were similar for frail and non-frail participants, regardless of administration route. Frail participants who received intradermal BNT162b2 had fewer local adverse events (AEs), but higher systemic AEs than non-frail participants. CONCLUSION Similar immune responses across vaccine routes warrants further evaluation of intradermal BNT162b2 in frail geriatric populations. Frail participants may be more sensitive to reporting systemic AEs. REGISTRATION OF CLINICAL TRIALS The parent study was registered under the Thai Clinical Trials Registry (TCTR20220112002).
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Affiliation(s)
- Suvimol Niyomnaitham
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand; Siriraj Institute of Clinical Research (SICRES), Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, 10700, Thailand.
| | - Kulkanya Chokephaibulkit
- Siriraj Institute of Clinical Research (SICRES), Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, 10700, Thailand; Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, 10700, Thailand.
| | - Chatkamol Pheerapanyawaranun
- Siriraj Institute of Clinical Research (SICRES), Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, 10700, Thailand.
| | - Zheng Quan Toh
- Infection and Immunology, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, Australia; Department of Pediatrics, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia.
| | - Paul V Licciardi
- Infection and Immunology, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, Australia; Department of Pediatrics, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia.
| | | | - Laddawan Jansarikit
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand.
| | - Prasert Assantachai
- Department of Preventive and Social Medicine, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand.
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Freeman EE, Strahan AG, Smith LR, Judd AD, Samarakoon U, Chen G, King AJ, Blumenthal KG. The impact of COVID-19 vaccine reactions on secondary vaccine hesitancy. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol 2024; 132:630-636.e1. [PMID: 38232816 DOI: 10.1016/j.anai.2024.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2023] [Revised: 12/05/2023] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 01/19/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Primary and booster vaccinations are critical for mitigating COVID-19 transmission, morbidity, and mortality. Future booster vaccine campaigns rely on an increased understanding of vaccine hesitancy. OBJECTIVE To evaluate self-reported allergic and skin vaccine reactions as factors potentially associated with vaccine hesitancy in a nationwide vaccine allergy registry. METHODS Responses to survey questions concerning COVID-19 vaccine perceptions, coded from free text by 2 independent reviewers. Multivariable logistic regression models were used to determine the association between changed negative perception and respondent demographics, vaccination history, and reaction characteristics. RESULTS A total of 993 individuals (median of 46 years [IQR, 36-59], 88% female, 82% White) self-reported reactions to COVID-19 vaccination. Reactions included the following: delayed large local skin reaction (40%), hives/urticaria (32%), immediate large local skin reaction (3%), swelling (3%), anaphylaxis (2%), and other or unspecified (20%). Most respondents were initially unconcerned about the safety of COVID-19 vaccines (56%). After reactions, 401 of 993 (40%) report negative change in perception of vaccination, with more than half of these respondents (n = 211, 53%) citing their reasoning as a negative experience with adverse effects. Of 102 individuals asked about future vaccination, 79 (77%) indicated that they were unlikely or very unlikely to receive future COVID-19 vaccinations. Increased negative perception after reaction was associated with younger age, later COVID-19 vaccination dose number, and reaction type. CONCLUSION Our findings reveal that an individual's experience with allergic or cutaneous adverse effects after COVID-19 vaccination affects attitudes and decision-making regarding future vaccination, even in initially non-hesitant individuals. Further investigation of secondary vaccine hesitancy is necessary for adapting public health messaging to this important population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esther E Freeman
- Department of Dermatology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts; Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts; The Mongan Institute, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Alexis G Strahan
- Department of Dermatology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Liam R Smith
- The Mongan Institute, Boston, Massachusetts; Division of Rheumatology, Allergy, and Immunology, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Allen D Judd
- The Mongan Institute, Boston, Massachusetts; Division of Rheumatology, Allergy, and Immunology, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Upeka Samarakoon
- The Mongan Institute, Boston, Massachusetts; Division of Rheumatology, Allergy, and Immunology, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | | | - Andrew J King
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts; The Mongan Institute, Boston, Massachusetts; Division of Rheumatology, Allergy, and Immunology, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Kimberly G Blumenthal
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts; The Mongan Institute, Boston, Massachusetts; Division of Rheumatology, Allergy, and Immunology, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts.
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Alleva DG, Feitsma EA, Janssen YF, Boersma HH, Lancaster TM, Sathiyaseelan T, Murikipudi S, Delpero AR, Scully MM, Ragupathy R, Kotha S, Haworth JR, Shah NJ, Rao V, Nagre S, Ronca SE, Green FM, Shaw SA, Aminetzah A, Kruijff S, Brom M, van Dam GM, Zion TC. Immunogenicity phase II study evaluating booster capacity of nonadjuvanted AKS-452 SARS-Cov-2 RBD Fc vaccine. NPJ Vaccines 2024; 9:40. [PMID: 38383578 PMCID: PMC10881471 DOI: 10.1038/s41541-024-00830-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2023] [Accepted: 02/08/2024] [Indexed: 02/23/2024] Open
Abstract
AKS-452, a subunit vaccine comprising an Fc fusion of the ancestral wild-type (WT) SARS-CoV-2 virus spike protein receptor binding domain (SP/RBD), was evaluated without adjuvant in a single cohort, non-randomized, open-labelled phase II study (NCT05124483) at a single site in The Netherlands for safety and immunogenicity. A single 90 µg subcutaneous booster dose of AKS-452 was administered to 71 adults previously primed with a registered mRNA- or adenovirus-based vaccine and evaluated for 273 days. All AEs were mild and no SAEs were attributable to AKS-452. While all subjects showed pre-existing SP/RBD binding and ACE2-inhibitory IgG titers, 60-68% responded to AKS-452 via ≥2-fold increase from days 28 to 90 and progressively decreased back to baseline by day 180 (days 28 and 90 mean fold-increases, 14.7 ± 6.3 and 8.0 ± 2.2). Similar response kinetics against RBD mutant proteins (including omicrons) were observed but with slightly reduced titers relative to WT. There was an expected strong inverse correlation between day-0 titers and the fold-increase in titers at day 28. AKS-452 enhanced neutralization potency against live virus, consistent with IgG titers. Nucleocapsid protein (Np) titers suggested infection occurred in 66% (46 of 70) of subjects, in which only 20 reported mild symptomatic COVID-19. These favorable safety and immunogenicity profiles support booster evaluation in a planned phase III universal booster study of this room-temperature stable vaccine that can be rapidly and inexpensively manufactured to serve vaccination at a global scale without the need of a complex distribution or cold chain.
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Affiliation(s)
- David G Alleva
- Akston Biosciences Corporation, 100 Cummings Center, Suite 454C, Beverly, MA, 01915, USA
| | - Eline A Feitsma
- Department of Surgery, University Medical Center Groningen (UMCG), Hanzeplein 1, 9700 RB, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Yester F Janssen
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, UMCG, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Hendrikus H Boersma
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, UMCG, Groningen, The Netherlands
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacology, UMCG, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Thomas M Lancaster
- Akston Biosciences Corporation, 100 Cummings Center, Suite 454C, Beverly, MA, 01915, USA
| | | | - Sylaja Murikipudi
- Akston Biosciences Corporation, 100 Cummings Center, Suite 454C, Beverly, MA, 01915, USA
| | - Andrea R Delpero
- Akston Biosciences Corporation, 100 Cummings Center, Suite 454C, Beverly, MA, 01915, USA
| | - Melanie M Scully
- Akston Biosciences Corporation, 100 Cummings Center, Suite 454C, Beverly, MA, 01915, USA
| | - Ramya Ragupathy
- Akston Biosciences Corporation, 100 Cummings Center, Suite 454C, Beverly, MA, 01915, USA
| | - Sravya Kotha
- Akston Biosciences Corporation, 100 Cummings Center, Suite 454C, Beverly, MA, 01915, USA
| | - Jeffrey R Haworth
- Akston Biosciences Corporation, 100 Cummings Center, Suite 454C, Beverly, MA, 01915, USA
| | - Nishit J Shah
- Akston Biosciences Corporation, 100 Cummings Center, Suite 454C, Beverly, MA, 01915, USA
| | - Vidhya Rao
- Akston Biosciences Corporation, 100 Cummings Center, Suite 454C, Beverly, MA, 01915, USA
| | - Shashikant Nagre
- Akston Biosciences Corporation, 100 Cummings Center, Suite 454C, Beverly, MA, 01915, USA
| | - Shannon E Ronca
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Tropical Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine and Texas Children's Hospital, Baylor, College of Medicine, 1102 Bates Ave, 300.15, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Freedom M Green
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Tropical Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine and Texas Children's Hospital, Baylor, College of Medicine, 1102 Bates Ave, 300.15, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Stephen A Shaw
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Tropical Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine and Texas Children's Hospital, Baylor, College of Medicine, 1102 Bates Ave, 300.15, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Ari Aminetzah
- TRACER BV, Aarhusweg 2-1/2-2, 9723 JJ, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Schelto Kruijff
- Department of Surgery, University Medical Center Groningen (UMCG), Hanzeplein 1, 9700 RB, Groningen, The Netherlands
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, UMCG, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Maarten Brom
- TRACER BV, Aarhusweg 2-1/2-2, 9723 JJ, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Gooitzen M van Dam
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, UMCG, Groningen, The Netherlands
- TRACER BV, Aarhusweg 2-1/2-2, 9723 JJ, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Todd C Zion
- Akston Biosciences Corporation, 100 Cummings Center, Suite 454C, Beverly, MA, 01915, USA.
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Rousculp MD, Hollis K, Ziemiecki R, Odom D, Marchese AM, Montazeri M, Odak S, Jackson L, Miller A, Toback S. Burden and Impact of Reactogenicity among Adults Receiving COVID-19 Vaccines in the United States and Canada: Results from a Prospective Observational Study. Vaccines (Basel) 2024; 12:83. [PMID: 38250896 PMCID: PMC10821469 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines12010083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2023] [Revised: 01/09/2024] [Accepted: 01/10/2024] [Indexed: 01/23/2024] Open
Abstract
As SARS-CoV-2 variants continue to emerge, vaccination remains a critical tool to reduce the COVID-19 burden. Vaccine reactogenicity and the impact on work productivity/daily activities are recognized as contributing factors to vaccine hesitancy. To encourage continued COVID-19 vaccination, a more complete understanding of the differences in reactogenicity and impairment due to vaccine-related side effects across currently available vaccines is necessary. The 2019nCoV-406 study (n = 1367) was a prospective observational study of reactogenicity and associated impairments in adults in the United States and Canada who received an approved/authorized COVID-19 vaccine. Compared with recipients of mRNA COVID-19 booster vaccines, a smaller percentage of NVX-CoV2373 booster recipients reported local and systemic reactogenicity. This study's primary endpoint (percentage of participants with ≥50% overall work impairment on ≥1 of the 6 days post-vaccination period) did not show significant differences. However, the data suggest that NVX-CoV2373 booster recipients trended toward being less impaired overall than recipients of an mRNA booster; further research is needed to confirm this observed trend. The results of this real-world study suggest that NVX-CoV2373 may be a beneficial vaccine option with limited impact on non-work activities, in part due to the few reactogenicity events after vaccination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew D. Rousculp
- Novavax, Inc., Gaithersburg, MD 20878, USA; (A.M.M.); (M.M.); (A.M.); (S.T.)
| | - Kelly Hollis
- RTI Health Solutions, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA; (K.H.); (R.Z.); (D.O.); (S.O.); (L.J.)
| | - Ryan Ziemiecki
- RTI Health Solutions, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA; (K.H.); (R.Z.); (D.O.); (S.O.); (L.J.)
| | - Dawn Odom
- RTI Health Solutions, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA; (K.H.); (R.Z.); (D.O.); (S.O.); (L.J.)
| | - Anthony M. Marchese
- Novavax, Inc., Gaithersburg, MD 20878, USA; (A.M.M.); (M.M.); (A.M.); (S.T.)
| | - Mitra Montazeri
- Novavax, Inc., Gaithersburg, MD 20878, USA; (A.M.M.); (M.M.); (A.M.); (S.T.)
| | - Shardul Odak
- RTI Health Solutions, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA; (K.H.); (R.Z.); (D.O.); (S.O.); (L.J.)
| | - Laurin Jackson
- RTI Health Solutions, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA; (K.H.); (R.Z.); (D.O.); (S.O.); (L.J.)
| | - Angela Miller
- Novavax, Inc., Gaithersburg, MD 20878, USA; (A.M.M.); (M.M.); (A.M.); (S.T.)
| | - Seth Toback
- Novavax, Inc., Gaithersburg, MD 20878, USA; (A.M.M.); (M.M.); (A.M.); (S.T.)
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Huang ST, Huang YS, Liu WD, Pan SC, Sun HY, Lien CE, Chen C, Hsieh SM. Immunogenicity and safety of heterologous mRNA-1273/MVC-COV1901 vaccination versus homologous mRNA1273 vaccination: A randomized, double-blind controlled study. J Formos Med Assoc 2023; 122:1165-1173. [PMID: 37321955 PMCID: PMC10264237 DOI: 10.1016/j.jfma.2023.05.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2023] [Revised: 05/22/2023] [Accepted: 05/26/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND/PURPOSE MVC-COV1901 is a protein vaccine based on the same SARS-CoV-2 strain used in mRNA vaccine mRNA-1273. Data are lacking on immunogenicity and safety of MVC-COV1901 as heterologous boost for people already received one dose of mRNA-1273. METHODS This is a randomized, double-blind trial that recruited adults aged 20-70 years who previously received a single dose of mRNA-1273 vaccine and were randomly assigned in a 1:1 ratio to receive a second dose with the homologous vaccine or protein-based MVC-COV1901 8-12 weeks after the first dose. The primary outcome was neutralizing antibody titers in terms of the geometric mean titer (GMT) 14 days after the second dose. Safety was assessed in all participants who received a dose of the study vaccine. The study is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT05079633). RESULTS From September 30 to November 5, 2021, 144 participants were enrolled and randomly assigned to the MVC-COV1901 boost group (n = 72) or the mRNA-1273 boost group (n = 72). The neutralizing antibodies on Day 15 and the anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG titers on Day 15 and 29 of homologous mRNA-1273 were significantly higher than those of heterologous mRNA-1273/MVC-COV1901. Cellular immune responses were comparable in both groups. However, adverse events were much more frequent after the mRNA-1273 boost than after the MVC-COV1901 boost. CONCLUSION Our results show that heterologous boost with MVC-COV1901 yielded an inferior immunogenicity but significantly fewer adverse events, compared with homologous boost with mRNA-1273. In people experienced severe adverse events after prime dose of mRNA-1273, as well as in periods when the supply of mRNA-1273 is limited, MVC-COV1901 could serve as an acceptable alternative heterologous boost.
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Affiliation(s)
- Szu-Ting Huang
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital and National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Shan Huang
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital and National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Wang-Da Liu
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital and National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Sung-Ching Pan
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital and National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hsin-Yun Sun
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital and National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chia-En Lien
- Medigen Vaccine Biologics Corporation, Taipei, Taiwan; Institute of Public Health, National Yang-Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Charles Chen
- Medigen Vaccine Biologics Corporation, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Szu-Min Hsieh
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital and National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan.
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