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Pierce ES, Jindal C, Choi YM, Cassidy K, Efird JT. Pathogenic mechanisms and etiologic aspects of Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis as an infectious cause of cutaneous melanoma. MEDCOMM - ONCOLOGY 2024; 3:e72. [PMID: 38831791 PMCID: PMC11145504 DOI: 10.1002/mog2.72] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2023] [Accepted: 04/17/2024] [Indexed: 06/05/2024]
Abstract
Infectious etiologies have previously been proposed as causes of both melanoma and non-melanoma skin cancer. This exploratory overview explains and presents the evidence for the hypothesis that a microorganism excreted in infected ruminant animal feces, Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis (MAP), is the cause of some cases of cutaneous melanoma (CM). Occupational, residential, and recreational contact with MAP-contaminated feces, soil, sand, and natural bodies of water may confer a higher rate of CM. Included in our hypothesis are possible reasons for the differing rates and locations of CM in persons with white versus nonwhite skin, why CM develops underneath nails and in vulvar skin, why canine melanoma is an excellent model for human melanoma, and why the Bacille Calmette-Guérin (BCG) vaccine has demonstrated efficacy in the prevention and treatment of CM. The pathogenic mechanisms and etiologic aspects of MAP, as a transmittable agent underlying CM risk, are carefully deliberated in this paper. Imbalances in gut and skin bacteria, genetic risk factors, and vaccine prevention/therapy are also discussed, while acknowledging that the evidence for a causal association between MAP exposure and CM remains circumstantial.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ellen S. Pierce
- Independent Physician Researcher, Spokane Valley, Washington, USA
| | - Charulata Jindal
- School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Yuk Ming Choi
- Provider Services, Signify Health, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - Kaitlin Cassidy
- VA Boston Healthcare System, Cooperative Studies Program Coordinating Center, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Jimmy T. Efird
- VA Boston Healthcare System, Cooperative Studies Program Coordinating Center, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Radiation Oncology, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
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Alipoor SD, Elieh-Ali-Komi D. Significance of extracellular vesicles in orchestration of immune responses in Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2024; 14:1398077. [PMID: 38836056 PMCID: PMC11148335 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2024.1398077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2024] [Accepted: 04/19/2024] [Indexed: 06/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M.tb), the causative agent of Tuberculosis, is an intracellular bacterium well known for its ability to subvert host energy and metabolic pathways to maintain its intracellular survival. For this purpose, the bacteria utilize various mechanisms of which extracellular vehicles (EVs) related mechanisms attracted more attention. EVs are nanosized particles that are released by almost all cell types containing active biomolecules from the cell of origin and can target bioactive pathways in the recipient cells upon uptake. It is hypothesized that M.tb dictates the processes of host EV biogenesis pathways, selectively incorporating its molecules into the host EV to direct immune responses in its favor. During infection with Mtb, both mycobacteria and host cells release EVs. The composition of these EVs varies over time, influenced by the physiological and nutritional state of the host environment. Additionally, different EV populations contribute differently to the pathogenesis of disease at various stages of illness participating in a complex interplay between host cells and pathogens. These interactions ultimately influence immune responses and disease outcomes. However, the precise mechanisms and roles of EVs in pathogenicity and disease outcomes remain to be fully elucidated. In this review, we explored the properties and function of EVs in the context of M.tb infection within the host microenvironment and discussed their capacity as a novel therapeutic strategy to combat tuberculosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shamila D. Alipoor
- Division of Inflammation and Infection, Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Daniel Elieh-Ali-Komi
- Institute of Allergology, Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Fraunhofer Institute for Translational Medicine and Pharmacology (ITMP), Immunology and Allergology, Berlin, Germany
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Woo SJ, Kim Y, Kang HJ, Jung H, Youn DH, Hong Y, Lee JJ, Hong JY. Tuberculous pleural effusion-induced Arg-1 + macrophage polarization contributes to lung cancer progression via autophagy signaling. Respir Res 2024; 25:198. [PMID: 38720340 PMCID: PMC11077851 DOI: 10.1186/s12931-024-02829-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2024] [Accepted: 04/30/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The association between tuberculous fibrosis and lung cancer development has been reported by some epidemiological and experimental studies; however, its underlying mechanisms remain unclear, and the role of macrophage (MФ) polarization in cancer progression is unknown. The aim of the present study was to investigate the role of M2 Arg-1+ MФ in tuberculous pleurisy-assisted tumorigenicity in vitro and in vivo. METHODS The interactions between tuberculous pleural effusion (TPE)-induced M2 Arg-1+ MФ and A549 lung cancer cells were evaluated. A murine model injected with cancer cells 2 weeks after Mycobacterium bovis bacillus Calmette-Guérin pleural infection was used to validate the involvement of tuberculous fibrosis to tumor invasion. RESULTS Increased CXCL9 and CXCL10 levels of TPE induced M2 Arg-1+ MФ polarization of murine bone marrow-derived MФ. TPE-induced M2 Arg-1+ MФ polarization facilitated lung cancer proliferation via autophagy signaling and E-cadherin signaling in vitro. An inhibitor of arginase-1 targeting M2 Arg-1+ MФ both in vitro and in vivo significantly reduced tuberculous fibrosis-induced metastatic potential of lung cancer and decreased autophagy signaling and E-cadherin expression. CONCLUSION Tuberculous pleural fibrosis induces M2 Arg-1+ polarization, and M2 Arg-1+ MФ contribute to lung cancer metastasis via autophagy and E-cadherin signaling. Therefore, M2 Arg-1+ tumor associated MФ may be a novel therapeutic target for tuberculous fibrosis-induced lung cancer progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seong Ji Woo
- Institute of New Frontier Research Team, Hallym University College of Medicine, Chuncheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Youngmi Kim
- Institute of New Frontier Research Team, Hallym University College of Medicine, Chuncheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun-Jung Kang
- Institute of New Frontier Research Team, Hallym University College of Medicine, Chuncheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Harry Jung
- Institute of New Frontier Research Team, Hallym University College of Medicine, Chuncheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong Hyuk Youn
- Institute of New Frontier Research Team, Hallym University College of Medicine, Chuncheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Yoonki Hong
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Kangwon National University, Kangwon National University Hospital, Chuncheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Jun Lee
- Institute of New Frontier Research Team, Hallym University College of Medicine, Chuncheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Young Hong
- Institute of New Frontier Research Team, Hallym University College of Medicine, Chuncheon, Republic of Korea.
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Chuncheon Sacred Heart Hospital, Hallym University Medical Center, Chuncheon, Republic of Korea.
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hallym University Chuncheon Hospital, Chuncheon, South Korea.
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Ota H, Hoshino H, Jokoji R, Arisaka Y, Mizuno H. Pancreatic Adenosquamous Carcinoma Discovered Upon a Resection for Neck Tuberculous Lymphadenitis: A Case Report. Cureus 2024; 16:e57382. [PMID: 38694677 PMCID: PMC11062075 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.57382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/26/2024] [Indexed: 05/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Cancer (including pancreatic cancer) can develop following a Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection within one year of tuberculosis infection. However, it is unclear whether tuberculosis infection increases the risk of developing adenosquamous carcinoma of the pancreas (ASCP), an extremely rare cancer with a poorer prognosis than pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC). Herein, we report a case of rapid growing ASCP discovered upon a resection for neck tuberculous lymphadenitis. The patient was a 57-year-old woman. An excisional biopsy of the swollen right neck lymph nodes revealed tuberculous lymphadenitis. One month after the biopsy, an abdominal computed tomography scan showed a 2.0 cm (diameter) ischemic tumor in the pancreatic tail. The tissue obtained using endoscopic ultrasonography-guided fine-needle aspiration led to the pathological diagnosis of ASCP. Two months after the biopsy, the tumor had grown to 3.5 cm (diameter), and invasion of the stomach and colon was suspected. Distal pancreatectomy, splenectomy, partial gastrectomy, and transverse colectomy were performed. The final diagnosis was ASCP (4.7 cm, pT3, pN0, cM0, and pStage IIA). Postoperative adjuvant combination chemotherapy combined with antituberculosis drugs was administered orally. We report the first case of rapidly growing adenosquamous carcinoma resected from the pancreas in association with tuberculous lymphadenitis. Additional evidence is needed to confirm that tuberculosis infection increases the risk of developing pancreatic adenosquamous cell carcinoma because its potential role in promoting squamous metaplasia is unclear.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hideo Ota
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Nippon Life Hospital, Osaka, JPN
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Itami City Hospital, Itami, JPN
| | - Hiromitsu Hoshino
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Nippon Life Hospital, Osaka, JPN
| | - Ryu Jokoji
- Department of Pathology, Nippon Life Hospital, Osaka, JPN
| | | | - Hitoshi Mizuno
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Nippon Life Hospital, Osaka, JPN
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Wang C, Zou RQ, He GZ. Progress in mechanism-based diagnosis and treatment of tuberculosis comorbid with tumor. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1344821. [PMID: 38298194 PMCID: PMC10827852 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1344821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2023] [Accepted: 01/02/2024] [Indexed: 02/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Tuberculosis (TB) and tumor, with similarities in immune response and pathogenesis, are diseases that are prone to produce autoimmune stress response to the host immune system. With a symbiotic relationship between the two, TB can facilitate the occurrence and development of tumors, while tumor causes TB reactivation. In this review, we systematically sorted out the incidence trends and influencing factors of TB and tumor, focusing on the potential pathogenesis of TB and tumor, to provide a pathway for the co-pathogenesis of TB comorbid with tumor (TCWT). Based on this, we summarized the latest progress in the diagnosis and treatment of TCWT, and provided ideas for further exploration of clinical trials and new drug development of TCWT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuan Wang
- School of Public Health, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Rong-Qi Zou
- Vice Director of Center of Sports Injury Prevention, Treatment and Rehabilitation China National Institute of Sports Medicine A2 Pangmen, Beijing, China
| | - Guo-Zhong He
- School of Public Health, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
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Zawal AG, Abdel-Aziz MM, Elbatreek MH, El-Shanawani AA, Abdel-Aziz LM, Elbaramawi SS. Design, synthesis, in vitro and in silico evaluation of novel substituted 1,2,4-triazole analogues as dual human VEGFR-2 and TB-InhA inhibitors. Bioorg Chem 2023; 141:106883. [PMID: 37774433 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2023.106883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2023] [Revised: 09/20/2023] [Accepted: 09/23/2023] [Indexed: 10/01/2023]
Abstract
Cancer is a leading cause of death globally and has been associated with Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb). The angiogenesis-related VEGFR-2 is a common target between cancer and Mtb. Here, we aimed to synthesize and validate potent dual human VEGFR-2 inhibitors as anticancer and anti-mycobacterial agents. Two series of 1,2,4-triazole-based compounds (6a-l and 11a-e) were designed and synthesized through a molecular hybridization approach. Activities of all synthesized compounds were evaluated against human VEGFR-2 in addition to drug-sensitive, multidrug-resistant and extensive-drug resistant Mtb. Compounds 6a, 6c, 6e, 6f, 6h, 6l, 11a, 11d and 11e showed promising inhibitory effect on VEGFR-2 (IC50 = 0.15 - 0.39 µM), anti-proliferative activities against cancerous cells and low cytotoxicity against normal cells. The most potent compounds (6e and 11a) increased apoptosis percentage. Additionally, compounds 6h, 6i, 6l and 11c showed the highest activities against all Mtb strains, and thus were evaluated against enoyl-acyl carrier protein reductase (InhA) which is essential for Mtb cell wall synthesis. Interestingly, the compounds showed excellent InhA inhibition activities with IC50 range of 1.3 - 4.7 µM. Docking study revealed high binding affinities toward targeted enzymes; human VEGFR-2 and Mtb InhA. In conclusion, 1,2,4-triazole analogues are suggested as potent anticancer and antimycobacterial agents via inhibition of human VEGFR-2 and Mtb InhA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amira G Zawal
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44519, Egypt
| | - Marwa M Abdel-Aziz
- The Regional Center for Mycology and Biotechnology, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Mahmoud H Elbatreek
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44519, Egypt
| | - Abdalla A El-Shanawani
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44519, Egypt
| | - Lobna M Abdel-Aziz
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44519, Egypt
| | - Samar S Elbaramawi
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44519, Egypt.
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