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Hunt NT. Using 2D-IR Spectroscopy to Measure the Structure, Dynamics, and Intermolecular Interactions of Proteins in H 2O. Acc Chem Res 2024; 57:685-692. [PMID: 38364823 PMCID: PMC10918835 DOI: 10.1021/acs.accounts.3c00682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2023] [Revised: 01/30/2024] [Accepted: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 02/18/2024]
Abstract
Infrared (IR) spectroscopy probes molecular structure at the level of the chemical bond or functional group. In the case of proteins, the most informative band in the IR spectrum is the amide I band, which arises predominantly from the C═O stretching vibration of the peptide link. The folding of proteins into secondary and tertiary structures leads to vibrational coupling between peptide units, generating specific amide I spectral signatures that provide a fingerprint of the macromolecular conformation. Ultrafast two-dimensional IR (2D-IR) spectroscopy allows the amide I band of a protein to be spread over a second frequency dimension in a way that mirrors 2D-NMR methods. This means that amide I 2D-IR spectroscopy produces a spectral map that is exquisitely sensitive to protein structure and dynamics and so provides detailed insights that cannot be matched by IR absorption spectroscopy. As a result, 2D-IR spectroscopy has emerged as a powerful tool for probing protein structure and dynamics over a broad range of time and length scales in the solution phase at room temperature. However, the protein amide I band coincides with an IR absorption from the bending vibration of water (δHOH), the natural biological solvent. To circumvent this problem, protein IR studies are routinely performed in D2O solutions because H/D substitution shifts the solvent bending mode (δDOD) to a lower frequency, revealing the amide I band. While effective, this method raises fundamental questions regarding the impact of the change in solvent mass on the structural or solvation dynamics of the protein and the removal of the energetic resonance between solvent and solute.In this Account, a series of studies applying 2D-IR to study the spectroscopy and dynamics of proteins in H2O-rich solvents is reviewed. A comparison of IR absorption spectroscopy and 2D-IR spectroscopy of protein-containing fluids is used to demonstrate the basis of the approach before a series of applications is presented. These range from measurements of fundamental protein biophysics to recent applications of machine learning to gain insight into protein-drug binding in complex mixtures. An outlook is presented, considering the potential for 2D-IR measurements to contribute to our understanding of protein behavior under near-physiological conditions, along with an evaluation of the obstacles that still need to be overcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neil T. Hunt
- Department of Chemistry and York Biomedical
Research Institute, University of York, Heslington, York, YO10
5DD, U.K.
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Kino S, Kanamori M, Shimoda Y, Niizuma K, Endo H, Matsuura Y. Distinguishing IDH mutation status in gliomas using FTIR-ATR spectra of peripheral blood plasma indicating clear traces of protein amyloid aggregation. BMC Cancer 2024; 24:222. [PMID: 38365669 PMCID: PMC10870484 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-024-11970-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2023] [Accepted: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 02/18/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Glioma is a primary brain tumor and the assessment of its molecular profile in a minimally invasive manner is important in determining treatment strategies. Among the molecular abnormalities of gliomas, mutations in the isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH) gene are strong predictors of treatment sensitivity and prognosis. In this study, we attempted to non-invasively diagnose glioma development and the presence of IDH mutations using multivariate analysis of the plasma mid-infrared absorption spectra for a comprehensive and sensitive view of changes in blood components associated with the disease and genetic mutations. These component changes are discussed in terms of absorption wavenumbers that contribute to differentiation. METHODS Plasma samples were collected at our institutes from 84 patients with glioma (13 oligodendrogliomas, 17 IDH-mutant astrocytoma, 7 IDH wild-type diffuse glioma, and 47 glioblastomas) before treatment initiation and 72 healthy participants. FTIR-ATR spectra were obtained for each plasma sample, and PLS discriminant analysis was performed using the absorbance of each wavenumber in the fingerprint region of biomolecules as the explanatory variable. This data was used to distinguish patients with glioma from healthy participants and diagnose the presence of IDH mutations. RESULTS The derived classification algorithm distinguished the patients with glioma from healthy participants with 83% accuracy (area under the curve (AUC) in receiver operating characteristic (ROC) = 0.908) and diagnosed the presence of IDH mutation with 75% accuracy (AUC = 0.752 in ROC) in cross-validation using 30% of the total test data. The characteristic changes in the absorption spectra suggest an increase in the ratio of β-sheet structures in the conformational composition of blood proteins of patients with glioma. Furthermore, these changes were more pronounced in patients with IDH-mutant gliomas. CONCLUSIONS The plasma infrared absorption spectra could be used to diagnose gliomas and the presence of IDH mutations in gliomas with a high degree of accuracy. The spectral shape of the protein absorption band showed that the ratio of β-sheet structures in blood proteins was significantly higher in patients with glioma than in healthy participants, and protein aggregation was a distinct feature in patients with glioma with IDH mutations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saiko Kino
- Graduate School of Biomedical Engineering, Tohoku University, 6-6-05, Aza-Aoba, Aramaki, Aoba, Sendai City, 980-8579, Miyagi Prefecture, Japan
| | - Masayuki Kanamori
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, 980-8574 Seiryo 1-1, Aoba, Sendai City, Miyagi Prefecture, Japan
| | - Yoshiteru Shimoda
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, 980-8574 Seiryo 1-1, Aoba, Sendai City, Miyagi Prefecture, Japan
| | - Kuniyasu Niizuma
- Department of Neurosurgical Engineering and Translational Neuroscience, Graduate School of Biomedical Engineering, Tohoku University, Seiryo 2-1, Aoba, Sendai City, 980-8575, Miyagi Prefecture, Japan
- Department of Neurosurgical Engineering and Translational Neuroscience, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, 980-8575 Seiryo 2-1, Aoba, Sendai City, Miyagi Prefecture, Japan
| | - Hidenori Endo
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, 980-8574 Seiryo 1-1, Aoba, Sendai City, Miyagi Prefecture, Japan
| | - Yuji Matsuura
- Graduate School of Biomedical Engineering, Tohoku University, 6-6-05, Aza-Aoba, Aramaki, Aoba, Sendai City, 980-8579, Miyagi Prefecture, Japan.
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Delrue C, Speeckaert R, Oyaert M, Kerre T, Rottey S, Coopman R, Huvenne W, De Bruyne S, Speeckaert MM. Infrared Spectroscopy: A New Frontier in Hematological Disease Diagnosis. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:17007. [PMID: 38069330 PMCID: PMC10707114 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242317007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2023] [Revised: 11/28/2023] [Accepted: 11/29/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Hematological diseases, due to their complex nature and diverse manifestations, pose significant diagnostic challenges in healthcare. The pressing need for early and accurate diagnosis has driven the exploration of novel diagnostic techniques. Infrared (IR) spectroscopy, renowned for its noninvasive, rapid, and cost-effective characteristics, has emerged as a promising adjunct in hematological diagnostics. This review delves into the transformative role of IR spectroscopy and highlights its applications in detecting and diagnosing various blood-related ailments. We discuss groundbreaking research findings and real-world applications while providing a balanced view of the potential and limitations of the technique. By integrating advanced technology with clinical needs, we offer insights into how IR spectroscopy may herald a new era of hematological disease diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charlotte Delrue
- Department of Nephrology, Ghent University Hospital, 9000 Ghent, Belgium;
| | | | - Matthijs Oyaert
- Department of Clinical Biology, Ghent University Hospital, 9000 Ghent, Belgium; (M.O.); (S.D.B.)
| | - Tessa Kerre
- Department of Hematology, Ghent University Hospital, 9000 Ghent, Belgium;
| | - Sylvie Rottey
- Department of Medical Oncology, Ghent University Hospital, 9000 Ghent, Belgium;
| | - Renaat Coopman
- Department of Oral, Maxillofacial and Plastic Surgery, Ghent University Hospital, 9000 Ghent, Belgium;
| | - Wouter Huvenne
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Ghent University Hospital, 9000 Ghent, Belgium;
| | - Sander De Bruyne
- Department of Clinical Biology, Ghent University Hospital, 9000 Ghent, Belgium; (M.O.); (S.D.B.)
| | - Marijn M. Speeckaert
- Department of Nephrology, Ghent University Hospital, 9000 Ghent, Belgium;
- Research Foundation-Flanders (FWO), 1000 Brussels, Belgium
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Martin FL, Morais CLM, Dickinson AW, Saba T, Bongers T, Singh MN, Bury D. Point-of-Care Disease Screening in Primary Care Using Saliva: A Biospectroscopy Approach for Lung Cancer and Prostate Cancer. J Pers Med 2023; 13:1533. [PMID: 38003848 PMCID: PMC10672293 DOI: 10.3390/jpm13111533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2023] [Revised: 10/17/2023] [Accepted: 10/23/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Saliva is a largely unexplored liquid biopsy that can be readily obtained noninvasively. Not dissimilar to blood plasma or serum, it contains a vast array of bioconstituents that may be associated with the absence or presence of a disease condition. Given its ease of access, the use of saliva is potentially ideal in a point-of-care screening or diagnostic test. Herein, we developed a swab "dip" test in saliva obtained from consenting patients participating in a lung cancer-screening programme being undertaken in north-west England. A total of 998 saliva samples (31 designated as lung-cancer positive and 17 as prostate-cancer positive) were taken in the order in which they entered the clinic (i.e., there was no selection of participants) during the course of this prospective screening programme. Samples (sterile Copan blue rayon swabs dipped in saliva) were analysed using attenuated total reflection Fourier-transform infrared (ATR-FTIR) spectroscopy. In addition to unsupervised classification on resultant infrared (IR) spectra using principal component analysis (PCA), a range of feature selection/extraction algorithms were tested. Following preprocessing, the data were split between training (70% of samples, 22 lung-cancer positive versus 664 other) and test (30% of samples, 9 lung-cancer positive versus 284 other) sets. The training set was used for model construction and the test set was used for validation. The best model was the PCA-quadratic discriminant analysis (QDA) algorithm. This PCA-QDA model was built using 8 PCs (90.4% of explained variance) and resulted in 93% accuracy for training and 91% for testing, with clinical sensitivity at 100% and specificity at 91%. Additionally, for prostate cancer patients amongst the male cohort (n = 585), following preprocessing, the data were split between training (70% of samples, 12 prostate-cancer positive versus 399 other) and test (30% of samples, 5 prostate-cancer positive versus 171 other) sets. A PCA-QDA model, again the best model, was built using 5 PCs (84.2% of explained variance) and resulted in 97% accuracy for training and 93% for testing, with clinical sensitivity at 100% and specificity at 92%. These results point to a powerful new approach towards the capability to screen large cohorts of individuals in primary care settings for underlying malignant disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francis L. Martin
- Biocel UK Ltd., Hull HU10 6TS, UK;
- Department of Cellular Pathology, Blackpool Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Whinney Heys Road, Blackpool FY3 8NR, UK; (A.W.D.); (T.S.); (T.B.)
| | - Camilo L. M. Morais
- Center for Education, Science and Technology of the Inhamuns Region, State University of Ceará, Tauá 63660-000, Brazil;
| | - Andrew W. Dickinson
- Department of Cellular Pathology, Blackpool Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Whinney Heys Road, Blackpool FY3 8NR, UK; (A.W.D.); (T.S.); (T.B.)
| | - Tarek Saba
- Department of Cellular Pathology, Blackpool Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Whinney Heys Road, Blackpool FY3 8NR, UK; (A.W.D.); (T.S.); (T.B.)
| | - Thomas Bongers
- Department of Cellular Pathology, Blackpool Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Whinney Heys Road, Blackpool FY3 8NR, UK; (A.W.D.); (T.S.); (T.B.)
| | - Maneesh N. Singh
- Biocel UK Ltd., Hull HU10 6TS, UK;
- Chesterfield Royal Hospital, Chesterfield Road, Calow, Chesterfield S44 5BL, UK
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