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Xia X. Optimizing and hyper-tuning machine learning models for the water absorption of eggshell and glass-based cementitious composite. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0296494. [PMID: 38165942 PMCID: PMC10760758 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0296494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2023] [Accepted: 12/14/2023] [Indexed: 01/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Cementitious composites' performance degrades in extreme conditions, making it more important to enhance its resilience. To further the adaptability of eco-friendly construction, waste materials are increasingly being repurposed. Cementitious composites deteriorate in both direct and indirect ways due to the facilitation of hostile ion transport by water. The effects of using eggshell and glass powder as partial substitutes for cement and sand in mortar on the water-absorption capacity were investigated using machine learning (ML) modeling techniques such as Gene Expression Programming (GEP) and Multi Expression Programming (MEP). To further assess the importance of inputs, sensitivity analysis and interaction research were carried out. The water absorption property of cementitious composites was precisely estimated by the generated ML models. It was noted that the MEP model, with an R2 of 0.90, and the GEP model, with an R2 of 0.88, accurately predicted results. The sensitivity analysis revealed that the absorption capacity of the mortar was most affected by the presence of eggshell powder, sand, and glass powder. GEP and MEP model's significance lies in the fact that they offer one-of-a-kind mathematical formulas that can be applied to the prediction of features in another database. The mathematical models resulting from this study can help scientists and engineers rapidly assess, enhance, and rationalize mixture proportioning. The built models can theoretically compute the water absorption of cement mortar made from eggshell powder and glass powder based on varied input parameters, resulting in cost and time savings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiqiao Xia
- College of Mathematics, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Teachers College, Columbia University, New York, New York, United States of America
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Iftikhar B, Alih SC, Vafaei M, Javed MF, Rehman MF, Abdullaev SS, Tamam N, Khan MI, Hassan AM. Predicting compressive strength of eco-friendly plastic sand paver blocks using gene expression and artificial intelligence programming. Sci Rep 2023; 13:12149. [PMID: 37500697 PMCID: PMC10374568 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-39349-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2023] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Plastic sand paver blocks provide a sustainable alternative by using plastic waste and reducing the need for cement. This innovative approach leads to a more sustainable construction sector by promoting environmental preservation. No model or Equation has been devised that can predict the compressive strength of these blocks. This study utilized gene expression programming (GEP) and multi-expression programming (MEP) to develop empirical models to forecast the compressive strength of plastic sand paver blocks (PSPB) comprised of plastic, sand, and fibre in an effort to advance the field. The database contains 135 results for compressive strength with seven input parameters. The R2 values of 0.87 for GEP and 0.91 for MEP for compressive strength reveal a relatively significant relationship between predicted and actual values. MEP outperformed GEP by displaying a higher R2 and lower values for statistical evaluations. In addition, a sensitivity analysis was conducted, which revealed that the sand grain size and percentage of fibres play an essential part in compressive strength. It was estimated that they contributed almost 50% of the total. The outcomes of this research have the potential to promote the reuse of PSPB in the building of green environments, hence boosting environmental protection and economic advantage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bawar Iftikhar
- School of Civil Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310, Johor Bahru, Johor, Malaysia
- Department of Civil Engineering, COMSATS University Islamabad, Abbottabad Campus, Abbottabad, 22060, Pakistan
| | - Sophia C Alih
- Institute of Noise and Vibration, School of Civil Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310, Johor Bahru, Johor, Malaysia
| | - Mohammadreza Vafaei
- School of Civil Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310, Johor Bahru, Johor, Malaysia
| | - Muhammad Faisal Javed
- Department of Civil Engineering, COMSATS University Islamabad, Abbottabad Campus, Abbottabad, 22060, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Faisal Rehman
- Department of Architecture, University of Engineering and Technology Peshawar, Abbottabad Campus, Abbottabad, Pakistan
| | - Sherzod Shukhratovich Abdullaev
- Faculty of Chemical Engineering, New Uzbekistan University, Tashkent, Uzbekistan
- Department of Science and Innovation, Tashkent State Pedagogical University Named after Nizami, Bunyodkor Street 27, Tashkent, Uzbekistan
| | - Nissren Tamam
- Department of Physics, College of Science, Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University, P.O. Box 84428, 11671, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - M Ijaz Khan
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics, Riphah International University, I-14, Islamabad, 44000, Pakistan.
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Lebanese American University, Kraytem, Beirut, 1102-2801, Lebanon.
| | - Ahmed M Hassan
- Center of Research, Faculty of Engineering, Future University in Egypt, New Cairo, 11835, Egypt
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Ahmed A, Song W, Zhang Y, Haque MA, Liu X. Hybrid BO-XGBoost and BO-RF Models for the Strength Prediction of Self-Compacting Mortars with Parametric Analysis. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 16:4366. [PMID: 37374550 DOI: 10.3390/ma16124366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2023] [Revised: 05/29/2023] [Accepted: 06/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023]
Abstract
Self-compacting mortar (SCM) has superior workability and long-term durable performance compared to traditional mortar. The strength of SCM, including both its compressive and flexural strengths, is a crucial property that is determined by appropriate curing conditions and mix design parameters. In the context of materials science, predicting the strength of SCM is challenging because of multiple influencing factors. This study employed machine learning techniques to establish SCM strength prediction models. Based on ten different input parameters, the strength of SCM specimens were predicted using two different types of hybrid machine learning (HML) models, namely Extreme Gradient Boosting (XGBoost) and the Random Forest (RF) algorithm. HML models were trained and tested by experimental data from 320 test specimens. In addition, the Bayesian optimization method was utilized to fine tune the hyperparameters of the employed algorithms, and cross-validation was employed to partition the database into multiple folds for a more thorough exploration of the hyperparameter space while providing a more accurate assessment of the model's predictive power. The results show that both HML models can successfully predict the SCM strength values with high accuracy, and the Bo-XGB model demonstrated higher accuracy (R2 = 0.96 for training and R2 = 0.91 for testing phases) for predicting flexural strength with low error. In terms of compressive strength prediction, the employed BO-RF model performed very well, with R2 = 0.96 for train and R2 = 0.88 testing stages with minor errors. Moreover, the SHAP algorithm, permutation importance and leave-one-out importance score were used for sensitivity analysis to explain the prediction process and interpret the governing input variable parameters of the proposed HML models. Finally, the outcomes of this study might be applied to guide the future mix design of SCM specimens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asif Ahmed
- Department of Geotechnical Engineering, College of Civil Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Wei Song
- Department of Civil, Construction and Environmental Engineering, The University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, AL 35487, USA
| | - Yumeng Zhang
- Department of Geotechnical Engineering, College of Civil Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - M Aminul Haque
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Xian Liu
- Department of Geotechnical Engineering, College of Civil Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
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Alfaiad MA, Khan K, Ahmad W, Amin MN, Deifalla AF, A Ghamry N. Evaluating the compressive strength of glass powder-based cement mortar subjected to the acidic environment using testing and modeling approaches. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0284761. [PMID: 37093880 PMCID: PMC10124891 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0284761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2023] [Accepted: 04/08/2023] [Indexed: 04/25/2023] Open
Abstract
This study conducted experimental and machine learning (ML) modeling approaches to investigate the impact of using recycled glass powder in cement mortar in an acidic environment. Mortar samples were prepared by partially replacing cement and sand with glass powder at various percentages (from 0% to 15%, in 2.5% increments), which were immersed in a 5% sulphuric acid solution. Compressive strength (CS) tests were conducted before and after the acid attack for each mix. To create ML-based prediction models, such as bagging regressor and random forest, for the CS prediction following the acid attack, the dataset produced through testing methods was utilized. The test results indicated that the CS loss of the cement mortar might be reduced by utilizing glass powder. For maximum resistance to acidic conditions, the optimum proportion of glass powder was noted to be 10% as cement, which restricted the CS loss to 5.54%, and 15% as a sand replacement, which restricted the CS loss to 4.48%, compared to the same mix poured in plain water. The built ML models also agreed well with the test findings and could be utilized to calculate the CS of cementitious composites incorporating glass powder after the acid attack. On the basis of the R2 value (random forest: 0.97 and bagging regressor: 0.96), the variance between tests and forecasted results, and errors assessment, it was found that the performance of both the bagging regressor and random forest models was similarly accurate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Majdi Ameen Alfaiad
- Department of Chemical Engineering, College of Engineering, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa, Saudi Arabia
| | - Kaffayatullah Khan
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, College of Engineering, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa, Saudi Arabia
| | - Waqas Ahmad
- Department of Civil Engineering, COMSATS University Islamabad, Abbottabad, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Nasir Amin
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, College of Engineering, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed Farouk Deifalla
- Department of Structural Engineering and Construction Management, Future University in Egypt, New Cairo City, Egypt
| | - Nivin A Ghamry
- Faculty of Computers and Artificial Intelligence, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
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