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Thompson A, da Fonseca DM, Walker L, Griffiths JS, Taylor PR, Gow NAR, Orr SJ. Dependence on Mincle and Dectin-2 Varies With Multiple Candida Species During Systemic Infection. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:633229. [PMID: 33717025 PMCID: PMC7951061 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.633229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2020] [Accepted: 02/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
More than 95% of invasive Candida infections are caused by four Candida spp. (C. albicans, C. glabrata, C. tropicalis, C. parapsilosis). C-type lectin-like receptors (CLRs), such as Dectin-1, Dectin-2, and Mincle mediate immune responses to C. albicans. Dectin-1 promotes clearance of C. albicans, C. glabrata, C. tropicalis, and C. parapsilosis, however, dependence on Dectin-1 for specific immune responses varies with the different Candida spp. Dectin-2 is important for host immunity to C. albicans and C. glabrata, and Mincle is important for the immune response to C. albicans. However, whether Dectin-2 drives host immunity to C. tropicalis or C. parapsilosis, and whether Mincle mediates host immunity to C. glabrata, C. tropicalis or C. parapsilosis is unknown. Therefore, we compared the roles of Dectin-2 and Mincle in response to these four Candida spp. We demonstrate that these four Candida spp. cell walls have differential mannan contents. Mincle and Dectin-2 play a key role in regulating cytokine production in response to these four Candida spp. and Dectin-2 is also important for clearance of all four Candida spp. during systemic infection. However, Mincle was only important for clearance of C. tropicalis during systemic infection. Our data indicate that multiple Candida spp. have different mannan contents, and dependence on the mannan-detecting CLRs, Mincle, and Dectin-2 varies between different Candida spp. during systemic infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aiysha Thompson
- Division of Infection and Immunity, Systems Immunity Research Institute, Cardiff University School of Medicine, Cardiff, United Kingdom
- UK Dementia Research Institute, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - Diogo M. da Fonseca
- Division of Infection and Immunity, Systems Immunity Research Institute, Cardiff University School of Medicine, Cardiff, United Kingdom
- School of Medicine, Dentistry and Biomedical Science, Wellcome Wolfson Institute for Experimental Medicine, Queen’s University Belfast, Belfast, United Kingdom
| | - Louise Walker
- Aberdeen Fungal Group, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, United Kingdom
| | - James S. Griffiths
- Division of Infection and Immunity, Systems Immunity Research Institute, Cardiff University School of Medicine, Cardiff, United Kingdom
- Faculty of Dentistry, Oral & Craniofacial Sciences, Centre for Host-Microbiome Interactions, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Philip R. Taylor
- Division of Infection and Immunity, Systems Immunity Research Institute, Cardiff University School of Medicine, Cardiff, United Kingdom
- UK Dementia Research Institute, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - Neil A. R. Gow
- Aberdeen Fungal Group, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, United Kingdom
- Medical Research Council Centre for Medical Mycology, University of Exeter, Exeter, United Kingdom
| | - Selinda J. Orr
- Division of Infection and Immunity, Systems Immunity Research Institute, Cardiff University School of Medicine, Cardiff, United Kingdom
- School of Medicine, Dentistry and Biomedical Science, Wellcome Wolfson Institute for Experimental Medicine, Queen’s University Belfast, Belfast, United Kingdom
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Thompson A, Orr SJ. Emerging IL-12 family cytokines in the fight against fungal infections. Cytokine 2018; 111:398-407. [PMID: 29793796 PMCID: PMC6299256 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2018.05.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2018] [Revised: 05/17/2018] [Accepted: 05/19/2018] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
IL-12 and IL-23 have established roles during anti-fungal immunity. IL-27 promotes regulatory effector responses during fungal infections. IL-35 drives T cell differentiation to produce anti-inflammatory responses. Increasing evidence for IL-12 family cytokines in maintaining anti-fungal immune homeostasis.
Invasive fungal infections cause approximately 1.5 million deaths per year worldwide and are a growing threat to human health. Current anti-fungal therapies are often insufficient, therefore studies into host-pathogen interactions are critical for the development of novel therapies to improve mortality rates. Myeloid cells, such as macrophages and dendritic cells, express pattern recognition receptor (PRRs), which are important for fungal recognition. Engagement of these PRRs by fungal pathogens induces multiple cytokines, which in turn activate T effector responses. Interleukin (IL)-12 family members (IL-12p70, IL-23, IL-27 and IL-35) link innate immunity with the development of adaptive immunity and are also important for regulating T cell responses. IL-12 and IL-23 have established roles during anti-fungal immunity, whereas emerging roles for IL-27 and IL-35 have recently been reported. Here, we discuss the IL-12 family, focusing on IL-27 and IL-35 during anti-fungal immune responses to pathogens such as Candida and Aspergillus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aiysha Thompson
- Division of Infection and Immunity, Cardiff University School of Medicine, Cardiff CF14 4XN, Wales, United Kingdom
| | - Selinda J Orr
- Division of Infection and Immunity, Cardiff University School of Medicine, Cardiff CF14 4XN, Wales, United Kingdom.
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Curson JEB, Luo L, Sweet MJ, Stow JL. pTRAPs: Transmembrane adaptors in innate immune signaling. J Leukoc Biol 2018; 103:1011-1019. [PMID: 29601097 DOI: 10.1002/jlb.2ri1117-474r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2017] [Revised: 02/08/2018] [Accepted: 02/10/2018] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Transmembrane adaptor proteins (TRAPs) are protein scaffolds and signaling regulators with established roles in signal-induced activation of lymphocytes. A subset of the TRAP family, the palmitoylated TRAPs (pTRAPs), are increasingly emerging with additional roles in innate immune cells. Targeted to lipid rafts, tetraspannin-enriched microdomains, and protein microclusters in membranes, pTRAP scaffolds exert spatiotemporal regulation by recruiting signaling kinases, particularly Src and Syk family members, as well as Csk, and other effectors. In this way, pTRAPs modulate signaling and influence resulting cell responses, including the selective output of inflammatory cytokines and other mediators. Here, we review studies revealing that different pTRAPs work together, often with overlapping or redundant roles, for positive and negative regulation of key innate immune pathways, including Fc receptor and pattern recognition receptor signaling. Recent findings show that pTRAPs can bind directly to innate immune receptors, in addition to other transmembrane binding partners. Thus, pTRAPs are important, multifunctional scaffolds in pathways that are fundamental to diverse innate immune responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- James E B Curson
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience (IMB), IMB Centre for Inflammation and Disease Research and Australian Infectious Diseases Research Centre, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Lin Luo
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience (IMB), IMB Centre for Inflammation and Disease Research and Australian Infectious Diseases Research Centre, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Matthew J Sweet
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience (IMB), IMB Centre for Inflammation and Disease Research and Australian Infectious Diseases Research Centre, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Jennifer L Stow
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience (IMB), IMB Centre for Inflammation and Disease Research and Australian Infectious Diseases Research Centre, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
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Abstract
Over the last decade, invasive fungal infections have emerged as a growing threat to human health worldwide and novel treatment strategies are urgently needed. In this context, investigations into host-pathogen interactions represent an important and promising field of research. Antigen presenting cells such as macrophages and dendritic cells are strategically located at the frontline of defence against potential invaders. Importantly, these cells express germline encoded pattern recognition receptors (PRRs), which sense conserved entities from pathogens and orchestrate innate immune responses. Herein, we review the latest findings regarding the biology and functions of the different classes of PRRs involved in pathogenic fungal recognition. We also discuss recent literature on PRR collaboration/crosstalk and the mechanisms involved in inhibiting/regulating PRR signalling. Finally, we discuss how the accumulated knowledge on PRR biology, especially Dectin-1, has been used for the design of new immunotherapies against fungal infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emmanuel C Patin
- Division of Infection and Immunity, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF14 4XN, Wales, United Kingdom
| | - Aiysha Thompson
- Division of Infection and Immunity, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF14 4XN, Wales, United Kingdom
| | - Selinda J Orr
- Division of Infection and Immunity, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF14 4XN, Wales, United Kingdom.
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Ostrop J, Lang R. Contact, Collaboration, and Conflict: Signal Integration of Syk-Coupled C-Type Lectin Receptors. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2017; 198:1403-1414. [PMID: 28167651 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1601665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2016] [Accepted: 11/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Several spleen tyrosine kinase-coupled C-type lectin receptors (CLRs) have emerged as important pattern recognition receptors for infectious danger. Because encounter with microbial pathogens leads to the simultaneous ligation of several CLRs and TLRs, the signals emanating from different pattern recognition receptors have to be integrated to achieve appropriate biological responses. In this review, we briefly summarize current knowledge about ligand recognition and core signaling by Syk-coupled CLRs. We then address mechanisms of synergistic and antagonistic crosstalk between different CLRs and with TLRs. Emerging evidence suggests that signal integration occurs through 1) direct interaction between receptors, 2) regulation of expression levels and localization, and 3) collaborative or conflicting signaling interference. Accordingly, we aim to provide a conceptual framework for the complex and sometimes unexpected outcome of CLR ligation in bacterial and fungal infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jenny Ostrop
- Center of Molecular Inflammation Research, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, 7491 Trondheim, Norway; .,Department of Cancer Research and Molecular Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, 7491 Trondheim, Norway; and
| | - Roland Lang
- Mikrobiologisches Institut-Klinische Mikrobiologie, Immunologie und Hygiene, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
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Gupta P, Srivastav S, Saha S, Das PK, Ukil A. Leishmania donovani inhibits macrophage apoptosis and pro-inflammatory response through AKT-mediated regulation of β-catenin and FOXO-1. Cell Death Differ 2016; 23:1815-1826. [PMID: 27662364 DOI: 10.1038/cdd.2016.101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2016] [Revised: 07/18/2016] [Accepted: 08/17/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
In order to establish infection, intra-macrophage parasite Leishmania donovani needs to inhibit host defense parameters like inflammatory cytokine production and apoptosis. In the present study, we demonstrate that the parasite achieves both by exploiting a single host regulator AKT for modulating its downstream transcription factors, β-catenin and FOXO-1. L. donovani-infected RAW264.7 and bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMDM) treated with AKT inhibitor or dominant negative AKT constructs showed decreased anti-inflammatory cytokine production and increased host cell apoptosis resulting in reduced parasite survival. Infection-induced activated AKT triggered phosphorylation-mediated deactivation of its downstream target, GSK-3β. Inactivated GSK-3β, in turn, could no longer sequester cytosolic β-catenin, an anti-apoptotic transcriptional regulator, as evidenced from its nuclear translocation during infection. Constitutively active GSK-3β-transfected L. donovani-infected cells mimicked the effects of AKT inhibition and siRNA-mediated silencing of β-catenin led to disruption of mitochondrial potential along with increased caspase-3 activity and IL-12 production leading to decreased parasite survival. In addition to activating anti-apoptotic β-catenin, phospho-AKT inhibits activation of FOXO-1, a pro-apoptotic transcriptional regulator. Nuclear retention of FOXO-1, inhibited during infection, was reversed when infected cells were transfected with dominant negative AKT constructs. Overexpression of FOXO-1 in infected macrophages not only documented increased apoptosis but promoted enhanced TLR4 expression and NF-κB activity along with an increase in IL-1β and decrease in IL-10 secretion. In vivo administration of AKT inhibitor significantly decreased liver and spleen parasite burden and switched cytokine balance in favor of host. In contrast, GSK-3β inhibitor did not result in any significant change in infectivity parameters. Collectively our findings revealed that L. donovani triggered AKT activation to regulate GSK-3β/β-catenin/FOXO-1 axis, thus ensuring inhibition of both host cell apoptosis and immune response essential for its intra-macrophage survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Purnima Gupta
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Calcutta, Kolkata 700019, India
| | - Supriya Srivastav
- Infectious Diseases and Immunology Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, Kolkata 700032, India
| | - Shriya Saha
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Calcutta, Kolkata 700019, India
| | - Pijush K Das
- Infectious Diseases and Immunology Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, Kolkata 700032, India
| | - Anindita Ukil
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Calcutta, Kolkata 700019, India
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7
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Lee MJ, Yoshimoto E, Saijo S, Iwakura Y, Lin X, Katz HR, Kanaoka Y, Barrett NA. Phosphoinositide 3-Kinase δ Regulates Dectin-2 Signaling and the Generation of Th2 and Th17 Immunity. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2016; 197:278-87. [PMID: 27194783 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1502485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2015] [Accepted: 04/27/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The C-type lectin receptor Dectin-2 can trigger the leukotriene C4 synthase-dependent generation of cysteinyl leukotrienes and the caspase-associated recruitment domain 9- and NF-κB-dependent generation of cytokines, such as IL-23, IL-6, and TNF-α, to promote Th2 and Th17 immunity, respectively. Dectin-2 activation also elicits the type 2 cytokine IL-33, but the mechanism by which Dectin-2 induces these diverse innate mediators is poorly understood. In this study, we identify a common upstream requirement for PI3Kδ activity for the generation of each Dectin-2-dependent mediator elicited by the house dust mite species, Dermatophagoides farinae, using both pharmacologic inhibition and small interfering RNA knockdown of PI3Kδ in bone marrow-derived dendritic cells. PI3Kδ activity depends on spleen tyrosine kinase (Syk) and regulates the activity of protein kinase Cδ, indicating that PI3Kδ is a proximal Syk-dependent signaling intermediate. Inhibition of PI3Kδ also reduces cysteinyl leukotrienes and cytokines elicited by Dectin-2 cross-linking, confirming the importance of this molecule in Dectin-2 signaling. Using an adoptive transfer model, we demonstrate that inhibition of PI3Kδ profoundly reduces the capacity of bone marrow-derived dendritic cells to sensitize recipient mice for Th2 and Th17 pulmonary inflammation in response to D. farinae Furthermore, administration of a PI3Kδ inhibitor during the sensitization of wild-type mice prevents the generation of D. farinae-induced pulmonary inflammation. These results demonstrate that PI3Kδ regulates Dectin-2 signaling and its dendritic cell function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Jung Lee
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115; Jeff and Penny Vinik Center for Allergic Disease Research, Division of Rheumatology, Immunology and Allergy, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115
| | - Eri Yoshimoto
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115; Jeff and Penny Vinik Center for Allergic Disease Research, Division of Rheumatology, Immunology and Allergy, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115
| | - Shinobu Saijo
- Division of Molecular Immunology, Medical Mycology Research Center, Chiba University, Chiba 260-8673, Japan
| | - Yoichiro Iwakura
- Research Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science, Chiba 278-0022, Japan; and
| | - Xin Lin
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, University of Texas, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030
| | - Howard R Katz
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115; Jeff and Penny Vinik Center for Allergic Disease Research, Division of Rheumatology, Immunology and Allergy, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115
| | - Yoshihide Kanaoka
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115; Jeff and Penny Vinik Center for Allergic Disease Research, Division of Rheumatology, Immunology and Allergy, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115
| | - Nora A Barrett
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115; Jeff and Penny Vinik Center for Allergic Disease Research, Division of Rheumatology, Immunology and Allergy, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115;
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8
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Bryant CE, Orr S, Ferguson B, Symmons MF, Boyle JP, Monie TP. International Union of Basic and Clinical Pharmacology. XCVI. Pattern recognition receptors in health and disease. Pharmacol Rev 2015; 67:462-504. [PMID: 25829385 DOI: 10.1124/pr.114.009928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Since the discovery of Toll, in the fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster, as the first described pattern recognition receptor (PRR) in 1996, many families of these receptors have been discovered and characterized. PRRs play critically important roles in pathogen recognition to initiate innate immune responses that ultimately link to the generation of adaptive immunity. Activation of PRRs leads to the induction of immune and inflammatory genes, including proinflammatory cytokines and chemokines. It is increasingly clear that many PRRs are linked to a range of inflammatory, infectious, immune, and chronic degenerative diseases. Several drugs to modulate PRR activity are already in clinical trials and many more are likely to appear in the near future. Here, we review the different families of mammalian PRRs, the ligands they recognize, the mechanisms of activation, their role in disease, and the potential of targeting these proteins to develop the anti-inflammatory therapeutics of the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clare E Bryant
- Departments of Veterinary Medicine (C.E.B., J.P.B., T.P.M.), Pathology (B.F.), and Biochemistry (M.F.S., J.P.B.), University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom; and Institute of Infection and Immunity, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom (S.O.)
| | - Selinda Orr
- Departments of Veterinary Medicine (C.E.B., J.P.B., T.P.M.), Pathology (B.F.), and Biochemistry (M.F.S., J.P.B.), University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom; and Institute of Infection and Immunity, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom (S.O.)
| | - Brian Ferguson
- Departments of Veterinary Medicine (C.E.B., J.P.B., T.P.M.), Pathology (B.F.), and Biochemistry (M.F.S., J.P.B.), University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom; and Institute of Infection and Immunity, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom (S.O.)
| | - Martyn F Symmons
- Departments of Veterinary Medicine (C.E.B., J.P.B., T.P.M.), Pathology (B.F.), and Biochemistry (M.F.S., J.P.B.), University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom; and Institute of Infection and Immunity, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom (S.O.)
| | - Joseph P Boyle
- Departments of Veterinary Medicine (C.E.B., J.P.B., T.P.M.), Pathology (B.F.), and Biochemistry (M.F.S., J.P.B.), University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom; and Institute of Infection and Immunity, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom (S.O.)
| | - Tom P Monie
- Departments of Veterinary Medicine (C.E.B., J.P.B., T.P.M.), Pathology (B.F.), and Biochemistry (M.F.S., J.P.B.), University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom; and Institute of Infection and Immunity, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom (S.O.)
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9
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β-Catenin in dendritic cells exerts opposite functions in cross-priming and maintenance of CD8+ T cells through regulation of IL-10. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2015; 112:2823-8. [PMID: 25730849 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1414167112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent studies have demonstrated that β-catenin in DCs serves as a key mediator in promoting both CD4(+) and CD8(+) T-cell tolerance, although how β-catenin exerts its functions remains incompletely understood. Here we report that activation of β-catenin in DCs inhibits cross-priming of CD8(+) T cells by up-regulating mTOR-dependent IL-10, suggesting blocking β-catenin/mTOR/IL-10 signaling as a viable approach to augment CD8(+) T-cell immunity. However, vaccination of DC-β-catenin(-/-) (CD11c-specific deletion of β-catenin) mice surprisingly failed to protect them against tumor challenge. Further studies revealed that DC-β-catenin(-/-) mice were deficient in generating CD8(+) T-cell immunity despite normal clonal expansion, likely due to impaired IL-10 production by β-catenin(-/-) DCs. Deletion of β-catenin in DCs or blocking IL-10 after clonal expansion similarly led to reduced CD8(+) T cells, suggesting that β-catenin in DCs plays a positive role in CD8(+) T-cell maintenance postclonal expansion through IL-10. Thus, our study has not only identified mTOR/IL-10 as a previously unidentified mechanism for β-catenin-dependent inhibition of cross-priming, but also uncovered an unexpected positive role that β-catenin plays in maintenance of CD8(+) T cells. Despite β-catenin's opposite functions in regulating CD8(+) T-cell responses, selectively blocking β-catenin with a pharmacological inhibitor during priming phase augmented DC vaccine-induced CD8(+) T-cell immunity and improved antitumor efficacy, suggesting manipulating β-catenin signaling as a feasible therapeutic strategy to improve DC vaccine efficacy.
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Zi FM, He JS, Li Y, Wu C, Wu WJ, Yang Y, Wang LJ, He DH, Yang L, Zhao Y, Zheng GF, Han XY, Huang H, Yi Q, Cai Z. Fibroblast activation protein protects bortezomib-induced apoptosis in multiple myeloma cells through β-catenin signaling pathway. Cancer Biol Ther 2014; 15:1413-22. [PMID: 25046247 DOI: 10.4161/cbt.29924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Multiple myeloma (MM) is a malignant plasma cells proliferative disease. The intricate cross-talk of myeloma cells with bone marrow microenvironment plays an important role in facilitating growth and survival of myeloma cells. Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMMSCs) are important cells in MM microenvironment. In solid tumors, BMMSCs can be educated by tumor cells to become cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) with high expression of fibroblast activation protein (FAP). FAP was reported to be involved in drug resistance, tumorigenesis, neoplastic progression, angiogenesis, invasion, and metastasis of tumor cells. However, the expression and the role of FAP in MM bone marrow microenvironment are still less known. The present study is aimed to investigate the expression of FAP, the role of FAP, and its relevant signaling pathway in regulating apoptosis induced by bortezomib in MM cells. In this study, our data illustrated that the expression levels of FAP were not different between the cultured BMMSCs isolated from MM patients and normal donors. The expression levels of FAP can be increased by tumor cells conditioned medium (TCCM) stimulation or coculture with RPMI8226 cells. FAP has important role in BMMSCs mediated protecting MM cell lines from apoptosis induced by bortezomib. Further study showed that this process may likely through β-catenin signaling pathway in vitro. The activation of β-catenin in MM cell lines was dependent on direct contact with BMMSCs other than separated by transwell or additional condition medium from BMMSCs and cytokines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fu-Ming Zi
- Bone Marrow Transplantation Center; The First Affiliated Hospital; Zhejiang University School of Medicine; Hangzhou, PR China
| | - Jing-Song He
- Bone Marrow Transplantation Center; The First Affiliated Hospital; Zhejiang University School of Medicine; Hangzhou, PR China
| | - Yi Li
- Bone Marrow Transplantation Center; The First Affiliated Hospital; Zhejiang University School of Medicine; Hangzhou, PR China
| | - Cai Wu
- Bone Marrow Transplantation Center; The First Affiliated Hospital; Zhejiang University School of Medicine; Hangzhou, PR China
| | - Wen-Jun Wu
- Bone Marrow Transplantation Center; The First Affiliated Hospital; Zhejiang University School of Medicine; Hangzhou, PR China
| | - Yang Yang
- Bone Marrow Transplantation Center; The First Affiliated Hospital; Zhejiang University School of Medicine; Hangzhou, PR China
| | - Li-Juan Wang
- Bone Marrow Transplantation Center; The First Affiliated Hospital; Zhejiang University School of Medicine; Hangzhou, PR China
| | - Dong-Hua He
- Bone Marrow Transplantation Center; The First Affiliated Hospital; Zhejiang University School of Medicine; Hangzhou, PR China
| | - Li Yang
- Bone Marrow Transplantation Center; The First Affiliated Hospital; Zhejiang University School of Medicine; Hangzhou, PR China
| | - Yi Zhao
- Bone Marrow Transplantation Center; The First Affiliated Hospital; Zhejiang University School of Medicine; Hangzhou, PR China
| | - Gao-Feng Zheng
- Bone Marrow Transplantation Center; The First Affiliated Hospital; Zhejiang University School of Medicine; Hangzhou, PR China
| | - Xiao-Yan Han
- Bone Marrow Transplantation Center; The First Affiliated Hospital; Zhejiang University School of Medicine; Hangzhou, PR China
| | - He Huang
- Bone Marrow Transplantation Center; The First Affiliated Hospital; Zhejiang University School of Medicine; Hangzhou, PR China
| | - Qing Yi
- Department of Cancer Biology; Lerner Research Institute; Cleveland Clinic; Cleveland, OH USA
| | - Zhen Cai
- Bone Marrow Transplantation Center; The First Affiliated Hospital; Zhejiang University School of Medicine; Hangzhou, PR China
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11
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Palmitoylated transmembrane adaptor proteins in leukocyte signaling. Cell Signal 2014; 26:895-902. [PMID: 24440308 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2014.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2013] [Revised: 01/07/2014] [Accepted: 01/09/2014] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Transmembrane adaptor proteins (TRAPs) are structurally related proteins that have no enzymatic function, but enable inducible recruitment of effector molecules to the plasma membrane, usually in a phosphorylation dependent manner. Numerous surface receptors employ TRAPs for either propagation or negative regulation of the signal transduction. Several TRAPs (LAT, NTAL, PAG, LIME, PRR7, SCIMP, LST1/A, and putatively GAPT) are known to be palmitoylated that could facilitate their localization in lipid rafts or tetraspanin enriched microdomains. This review summarizes expression patterns, binding partners, signaling pathways, and biological functions of particular palmitoylated TRAPs with an emphasis on the three most recently discovered members, PRR7, SCIMP, and LST1/A. Moreover, we discuss in silico methodology used for discovery of new family members, nature of their binding partners, and microdomain localization.
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12
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Nagi-Miura N, Okuzaki D, Torigata K, Sakurai MA, Ito A, Ohno N, Nojima H. CAWS administration increases the expression of interferon γ and complement factors that lead to severe vasculitis in DBA/2 mice. BMC Immunol 2013; 14:44. [PMID: 24063402 PMCID: PMC3876726 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2172-14-44] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2013] [Accepted: 09/10/2013] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Candida albicans water-soluble fraction (CAWS), a mannoprotein-β-glucan complex obtained from the culture supernatant of C. albicans NBRC1385, causes CAWS-mediated vasculitis (CAWS-vasculitis) in B6 and DBA/2 mice with mild and lethal symptoms, respectively. Why CAWS is lethal only in DBA/2 mice remains unknown. Results We performed DNA microarray analyses using mRNA obtained from peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) of B6 and DBA/2 mice and compared their respective transcriptomes. We found that the mRNA levels of interferon-γ (Ifng) and several genes that regulate the complement system, such as C3, C4, Cfb, Cfh, and Fcna, were increased dramatically only in DBA/2 mice at 4 and 8 weeks after CAWS administration. The dramatic increase was confirmed by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reactions (qRT-PCR). Moreover, mRNA levels of immune-related genes, such as Irf1, Irf7, Irf9, Cebpb, Ccl4, Itgam, Icam1, and IL-12rb1, whose expression levels are known to be increased by Ifng, were also increased, but only in DBA/2 mice. By contrast, the mRNA level of Dectin-2, the critical receptor for the α-mannans of CAWS, was increased slightly and similarly in both B6 and DBA/2 mice after CAWS administration. Conclusions Taken together, our results suggest that CAWS administration induces Dectin-2 mediated CAWS-vasculitis in both B6 and DBA/2 mice and the expression of Ifng, but only in DBA/2 mice, which led to increased expression of C3, C4, Cfb, Cfh, and Fcna and an associated increase in lethality in these mice. This model may contribute to our understanding of the pathogenesis of severe human vasculitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noriko Nagi-Miura
- Laboratory for Immunopharmacology of Microbial Products, School of Pharmacy, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, 1432-1 Horinouchi, Hachioji, Tokyo 192-0329, Japan.
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