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Zi X, Zhang X, Hao C, Wang Z. Risk factors and management of hyperuricemia after renal transplantation. Front Surg 2023; 9:956213. [PMID: 36760666 PMCID: PMC9904410 DOI: 10.3389/fsurg.2022.956213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2022] [Accepted: 11/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Hyperuricemia (HUA) is a common complication after renal transplantation. Currently, there is no uniform consensus on factors which increase the risk for and treatment of HUA in renal transplant recipients. The purpose of this review is to summarize current and proposed risk factors and strategies to manage HUA after renal transplantation in order to assist renal function protection and prolong graft survival time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyu Zi
- Department of Rheumatology, The Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Xi Zhang
- Department of Urology, The Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Chuan Hao
- Department of Urology, The Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China,Correspondence: Chuan Hao Zhenxing Wang
| | - Zhenxing Wang
- Department of Urology, The Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China,Correspondence: Chuan Hao Zhenxing Wang
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2
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Ting SW, Ting SY, Lin YS, Lin MS, Kuo G. Association between different systemic therapies and the risk of tuberculosis in psoriasis patients: A population-based study. Int J Clin Pract 2021; 75:e15006. [PMID: 34773345 DOI: 10.1111/ijcp.15006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2021] [Accepted: 11/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Despite the evolution of biologic agents, the use of traditional systemic immunosuppressants still account for a considerable proportion of systemic anti-psoriasis therapy. The risk of tuberculosis among psoriasis patients receiving such conventional immunosuppressants is not clearly understood. METHODS AND MATERIALS We used the retrospectively-collected data from the Taiwan National Health Insurance Research Database to perform this prospective cohort study. We included 94,585 adult patients with newly diagnosed psoriasis between January 1, 2001 and December 31, 2013. We documented the exposure of systemic anti-psoriasis therapies. The outcome is incident mycobacterium tuberculosis infection. RESULTS During a mean 6.8 years follow-up, 703 (0.74%) incident tuberculosis was diagnosed and treated. The crude incidence of tuberculosis was 1.11 (95% confidence interval [CI] 1.03-1.19) events per 1000 person-years. The result demonstrated that MTX (Hazard ratio [HR] 2.16, 95% CI 1.47-3.16) and tacrolimus (HR 5.31, 95% CI 1.66-17.01) were significantly associated with increased risks of tuberculosis. Noticeably, azathioprine was a borderline significant risk factor of tacrolimus (HR 2.63, 95% 0.96-7.21, P = 0.059). The risk of TB in patients receiving adalimumab was twofold (HR 2.07) though not significant because of only one TB event was detected. The steroid was also associated with a dose-dependent increase of tuberculosis risk (HR 1.09, 95% CI 1.09-1.12, for every 1 mg of prednisolone equivalent dose per day). CONCLUSION The study found that among systemic anti-psoriasis therapy, methotrexate, tacrolimus, azathioprine and steroid may be associated with an increased risk of tuberculosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sze-Wen Ting
- Department of Dermatology, New Taipei City Tu-Cheng Municipal Hospital, New Taipei City, Taiwan
- Department of Dermatology, Linkou Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan City, Taiwan
| | - Sze-Ya Ting
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Linkou Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Sheng Lin
- Department of Cardiology, Chiayi Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chiayi, Taiwan
- School of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Shyan Lin
- Department of Cardiology, Chiayi Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chiayi, Taiwan
| | - George Kuo
- Department of Nephrology, Kidney Research Center, Linkou Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan
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NFAT signaling in human mesenchymal stromal cells affects extracellular matrix remodeling and antifungal immune responses. iScience 2021; 24:102683. [PMID: 34195564 PMCID: PMC8233198 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2021.102683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2020] [Revised: 02/18/2021] [Accepted: 05/31/2021] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) combined with calcineurin-nuclear factor of activated T cell (CN-NFAT) inhibitors are being tested as a treatment for graft-versus-host disease (GvHD). The immunosuppressive properties of MSCs seem beneficial; however, their response during fungal infection, which is an important cause of mortality in patients with GvHD , is unknown. We report that MSCs phagocytose the fungal component zymosan, resulting in phosphorylation of spleen tyrosine kinase (Syk), increase in cytosolic calcium levels, and ultimately, increase in NFAT1 nuclear translocation. RNA sequencing analysis of zymosan-treated MSCs showed that CN-NFAT inhibition affects extracellular matrix (ECM) genes but not cytokine expression that is under the control of the NF-κB pathway. When coculturing MSCs or decellularized MSC-ECM with human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs), selective NFAT inhibition in MSCs decreased cytokine expression by PBMCs. These findings reveal a dual mechanism underlying the MSC response to zymosan: while NF-κB directly controls inflammatory cytokine expression, NFAT impacts immune-cell functions by regulating ECM remodeling. Stimulation of MSCs with zymosan activates NFAT and NF-kB via the dectin1-Syk axis Calcineurin-NFAT inhibition impacts the expression of extracellular matrix genes NF-kB pathway regulates cytokine expression in zymosan-stimulated MSCs Selective NFAT inhibition in MSCs impacts cytokine secretion of MSC-PBMC cocultures
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Morgan AJ, Davis LC, Galione A. Choreographing endo-lysosomal Ca 2+ throughout the life of a phagosome. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2021; 1868:119040. [PMID: 33872669 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2021.119040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2021] [Revised: 04/05/2021] [Accepted: 04/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The emergence of endo-lysosomes as ubiquitous Ca2+ stores with their unique cohort of channels has resulted in their being implicated in a growing number of processes in an ever-increasing number of cell types. The architectural and regulatory constraints of these acidic Ca2+ stores distinguishes them from other larger Ca2+ sources such as the ER and influx across the plasma membrane. In view of recent advances in the understanding of the modes of operation, we discuss phagocytosis as a template for how endo-lysosomal Ca2+ signals (generated via TPC and TRPML channels) can be integrated in multiple sophisticated ways into biological processes. Phagocytosis illustrates how different endo-lysosomal Ca2+ signals drive different phases of a process, and how these can be altered by disease or infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthony J Morgan
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Oxford, Mansfield Park, Oxford OX1 3QT, UK.
| | - Lianne C Davis
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Oxford, Mansfield Park, Oxford OX1 3QT, UK
| | - Antony Galione
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Oxford, Mansfield Park, Oxford OX1 3QT, UK.
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5
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Kandikattu HK, Venkateshaiah SU, Verma AK, Mishra A. Tacrolimus (FK506) treatment protects allergen-, IL-5- and IL-13-induced mucosal eosinophilia. Immunology 2021; 163:220-235. [PMID: 33512727 DOI: 10.1111/imm.13314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2020] [Revised: 12/16/2020] [Accepted: 01/18/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Eosinophils are a common clinical feature associated with chronic allergic diseases, and elemental diets, systemic steroids, anti-IL-5 and anti-IL-13 treatment have shown some therapeutic promise. Herein, we present evidence that pre- and post-intraperitoneal administration of tacrolimus (FK506) is very effective in reducing CCR3/Siglec-F+ eosinophils in Aspergillus-challenged asthma and EoE, CD2-IL-5 induced global eosinophilia, and DOX regulated IL-13-induced asthma. We used flow cytometry and anti-major basic protein (MBP) immunostaining to examine eosinophils in the spleen, bone marrow, BALF, lung, oesophagus and intestine. Additionally, we also performed ELISA and Western blot analyses to show that tacrolimus treatment also reduces the levels of eosinophil-specific cytokines IL-4, IL-5, IL-13 and TGF-β, eosinophil-specific chemokines Eotaxin-1 and Eotaxin-2, and progenitors of target RCAN1 mRNA and protein levels. Additionally, the current investigations also show that the TGF-β-mediated oesophageal and lung fibrosis is also reduced in Aspergillus-challenged, CD2-IL-5 transgenic and DOX-responsive IL-13 mice. Mechanistically, we show that tacrolimus in vitro treatment inhibited bone marrow-derived eosinophil proliferation and viability by promoting eosinophil apoptosis that may be associated with downregulation of RCAN1. Taken together, we provide in vivo and in vitro evidence that tacrolimus ameliorates eosinophil levels and associated pathogenesis in allergen-, IL-5- and IL-13-induced EoE, EG and asthma pathogenesis. Considering tacrolimus side-effects and reactivity to several other drugs, we propose the topical use of tacrolimus for paediatric and low-dose oral for adult patients as a novel therapeutic strategy for the clinical trial to reduce mucosal eosinophilia first in steroid-refractory or elemental diet non-responsive adult EoE, EG and asthma patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hemanth Kumar Kandikattu
- Department of Medicine, Section of Pulmonary Diseases, Tulane Eosinophilic Disorder Center, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Sathisha Upparahalli Venkateshaiah
- Department of Medicine, Section of Pulmonary Diseases, Tulane Eosinophilic Disorder Center, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Alok Kumar Verma
- Department of Medicine, Section of Pulmonary Diseases, Tulane Eosinophilic Disorder Center, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Anil Mishra
- Department of Medicine, Section of Pulmonary Diseases, Tulane Eosinophilic Disorder Center, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA
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Camilli G, Blagojevic M, Naglik JR, Richardson JP. Programmed Cell Death: Central Player in Fungal Infections. Trends Cell Biol 2020; 31:179-196. [PMID: 33293167 DOI: 10.1016/j.tcb.2020.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2020] [Revised: 11/08/2020] [Accepted: 11/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Fungal diseases contribute significantly to morbidity and mortality in humans. Although recent research has improved our understanding of the complex and dynamic interplay that occurs between pathogenic fungi and the human host, much remains to be elucidated concerning the molecular mechanisms that drive fungal pathogenicity and host responses to fungal infections. In recent times, there has been a significant increase in studies investigating the immunological functions of microbial-induced host cell death. In addition, pathogens use many strategies to manipulate host cell death pathways to facilitate their survival and dissemination. This review will focus on the mechanisms of host programmed cell death that occur during opportunistic fungal infections, and explore how cell death pathways may affect immunity towards pathogenic fungi.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giorgio Camilli
- Centre for Host-Microbiome Interactions, Faculty of Dentistry, Oral & Craniofacial Sciences, King's College London, London SE1 1UL, UK.
| | - Mariana Blagojevic
- Centre for Host-Microbiome Interactions, Faculty of Dentistry, Oral & Craniofacial Sciences, King's College London, London SE1 1UL, UK
| | - Julian R Naglik
- Centre for Host-Microbiome Interactions, Faculty of Dentistry, Oral & Craniofacial Sciences, King's College London, London SE1 1UL, UK
| | - Jonathan P Richardson
- Centre for Host-Microbiome Interactions, Faculty of Dentistry, Oral & Craniofacial Sciences, King's College London, London SE1 1UL, UK
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Bye-A-Jee H, Zaru R, Magrane M, Orchard S. Caenorhabditis elegans phosphatase complexes in UniProtKB and Complex Portal. FEBS J 2020; 287:2664-2684. [PMID: 31944606 DOI: 10.1111/febs.15213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2019] [Revised: 11/25/2019] [Accepted: 01/13/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Phosphatases play an essential role in the regulation of protein phosphorylation. Less abundant than kinases, many phosphatases are components of one or more macromolecular complexes with different substrate specificities and specific functionalities. The expert scientific curation of phosphatase complexes for the UniProt and Complex Portal databases supports the whole scientific community by collating and organising small- and large-scale experimental data from the scientific literature into context-specific central resources, where the data can be freely accessed and used to further academic and translational research. In this review, we discuss how the diverse biological functions of phosphatase complexes are presented in UniProt and the Complex Portal, and how understanding the biological significance of phosphatase complexes in Caenorhabditis elegans offers insight into the mechanisms of substrate diversity in a variety of cellular and molecular processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hema Bye-A-Jee
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, European Bioinformatics Institute (EMBL-EBI), Cambridge, UK
| | - Rossana Zaru
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, European Bioinformatics Institute (EMBL-EBI), Cambridge, UK
| | - Michele Magrane
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, European Bioinformatics Institute (EMBL-EBI), Cambridge, UK
| | - Sandra Orchard
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, European Bioinformatics Institute (EMBL-EBI), Cambridge, UK
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- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, European Bioinformatics Institute (EMBL-EBI), Cambridge, UK.,SIB Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Centre Medical Universitaire, Geneva 4, Switzerland.,Protein Information Resource, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC, USA.,Protein Information Resource, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, USA
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Damiani G, McCormick TS, Leal LO, Ghannoum MA. Recombinant human granulocyte macrophage-colony stimulating factor expressed in yeast (sargramostim): A potential ally to combat serious infections. Clin Immunol 2020; 210:108292. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clim.2019.108292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2019] [Revised: 10/09/2019] [Accepted: 10/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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9
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Pazhakh V, Ellett F, Croker BA, O’Donnell JA, Pase L, Schulze KE, Greulich RS, Gupta A, Reyes-Aldasoro CC, Andrianopoulos A, Lieschke GJ. β-glucan-dependent shuttling of conidia from neutrophils to macrophages occurs during fungal infection establishment. PLoS Biol 2019; 17:e3000113. [PMID: 31483778 PMCID: PMC6746390 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pbio.3000113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2018] [Revised: 09/16/2019] [Accepted: 08/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The initial host response to fungal pathogen invasion is critical to infection establishment and outcome. However, the diversity of leukocyte–pathogen interactions is only recently being appreciated. We describe a new form of interleukocyte conidial exchange called “shuttling.” In Talaromyces marneffei and Aspergillus fumigatus zebrafish in vivo infections, live imaging demonstrated conidia initially phagocytosed by neutrophils were transferred to macrophages. Shuttling is unidirectional, not a chance event, and involves alterations of phagocyte mobility, intercellular tethering, and phagosome transfer. Shuttling kinetics were fungal-species–specific, implicating a fungal determinant. β-glucan serves as a fungal-derived signal sufficient for shuttling. Murine phagocytes also shuttled in vitro. The impact of shuttling for microbiological outcomes of in vivo infections is difficult to specifically assess experimentally, but for these two pathogens, shuttling augments initial conidial redistribution away from fungicidal neutrophils into the favorable macrophage intracellular niche. Shuttling is a frequent host–pathogen interaction contributing to fungal infection establishment patterns. Imaging of the behaviour of white blood cells in living zebrafish embryos infected with fungi reveals “shuttling,” a specific and previously undescribed form of microorganism exchange between neutrophils and macrophages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vahid Pazhakh
- Australian Regenerative Medicine Institute, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Felix Ellett
- Australian Regenerative Medicine Institute, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
- Cancer and Haematology Division, Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Ben A. Croker
- Cancer and Haematology Division, Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Boston Children’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, United States of America
| | - Joanne A. O’Donnell
- Cancer and Haematology Division, Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Luke Pase
- Australian Regenerative Medicine Institute, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
- Cancer and Haematology Division, Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Keith E. Schulze
- Monash Micro Imaging, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - R. Stefan Greulich
- Australian Regenerative Medicine Institute, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Aakash Gupta
- Genetics, Genomics and Systems Biology, School of BioSciences, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | | | - Alex Andrianopoulos
- Genetics, Genomics and Systems Biology, School of BioSciences, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Graham J. Lieschke
- Australian Regenerative Medicine Institute, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
- Cancer and Haematology Division, Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- * E-mail:
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Eades CP, Armstrong-James DPH. Invasive fungal infections in the immunocompromised host: Mechanistic insights in an era of changing immunotherapeutics. Med Mycol 2019; 57:S307-S317. [DOI: 10.1093/mmy/myy136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2018] [Revised: 10/23/2018] [Accepted: 11/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
AbstractThe use of cytotoxic chemotherapy in the treatment of malignant and inflammatory disorders is beset by considerable adverse effects related to nonspecific cytotoxicity. Accordingly, a mechanistic approach to therapeutics has evolved in recent times with small molecular inhibitors of intracellular signaling pathways involved in disease pathogenesis being developed for clinical use, some with unparalleled efficacy and tolerability. Nevertheless, there are emerging concerns regarding an association with certain small molecular inhibitors and opportunistic infections, including invasive fungal diseases. This is perhaps unsurprising, given that the molecular targets of such agents play fundamental and multifaceted roles in orchestrating innate and adaptive immune responses. Nevertheless, some small molecular inhibitors appear to possess intrinsic antifungal activity and may therefore represent novel therapeutic options in future. This is particularly important given that antifungal resistance is a significant, emerging concern. This paper is a comprehensive review of the state-of-the-art in the molecular immunology to fungal pathogens as applied to existing and emerging small molecular inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher P Eades
- Department of Clinical Infection, Royal Free London NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Darius P H Armstrong-James
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, UK
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Royal Brompton & Harefield NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
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