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Acewicz A, Stępień T, Grzegorczyk M, Ostrowski RP, Tarka S, Felczak P, Wierzba-Bobrowicz T. TDP-43 pathology in subacute sclerosing panencephalitis. J Neuropathol Exp Neurol 2024; 83:251-257. [PMID: 38456313 DOI: 10.1093/jnen/nlae017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Subacute sclerosing panencephalitis (SSPE) is a fatal, slowly progressive brain disorder caused by a mutated measles virus. Both subacute inflammatory and neurodegenerative mechanisms appear to play significant roles in the pathogenesis. TAR DNA-binding protein 43 (TDP-43) inclusions are a common co-pathology in several neurodegenerative disorders with diverse pathogenesis. In the present study, we examined brains of 16 autopsied SSPE patients for the presence of TDP-43 pathology and possible associations with tau pathology. Immunohistochemical staining identified TDP-43 inclusions in 31% of SSPE cases. TDP-43 pathology was widely distributed in the brains, most severely in the atrophied cerebral cortex (temporal and parietal), and most frequently as tangle- and thread-like neuronal cytoplasmic inclusions. It was associated with longer disease duration (>4 years) and tau pathology (all TDP-43-positive cases had tau-positive neurofibrillary tangles). This study demonstrates for the first time an association between TDP-43 pathology and SSPE. The co-occurrence of TDP-43 and tau aggregates and correlation with the disease duration suggest that both pathological proteins are involved in the neurodegenerative process induced by viral inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Albert Acewicz
- Department of Neuropathology, Institute of Psychiatry and Neurology, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Tomasz Stępień
- Department of Neuropathology, Institute of Psychiatry and Neurology, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Michał Grzegorczyk
- Department of Descriptive and Clinical Anatomy, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Robert P Ostrowski
- Department of Neurooncology, Mossakowski Medical Research Institute, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Sylwia Tarka
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Paulina Felczak
- Department of Neuropathology, Institute of Psychiatry and Neurology, Warsaw, Poland
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2
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Ke H, Liu K, Jiao B, Zhao L. Implications of TDP-43 in non-neuronal systems. Cell Commun Signal 2023; 21:338. [PMID: 37996849 PMCID: PMC10666381 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-023-01336-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2023] [Accepted: 09/26/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023] Open
Abstract
TAR DNA-binding protein 43 (TDP-43) is a versatile RNA/DNA-binding protein with multifaceted processes. While TDP-43 has been extensively studied in the context of degenerative diseases, recent evidence has also highlighted its crucial involvement in diverse life processes beyond neurodegeneration. Here, we mainly reviewed the function of TDP-43 in non-neurodegenerative physiological and pathological processes, including spermatogenesis, embryonic development, mammary gland development, tumor formation, and viral infection, highlighting its importance as a key regulatory factor for the maintenance of normal functions throughout life. TDP-43 exhibits diverse and sometimes opposite functionality across different cell types through various mechanisms, and its roles can shift at distinct stages within the same biological system. Consequently, TDP-43 operates in both a context-dependent and a stage-specific manner in response to a variety of internal and external stimuli. Video Abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Ke
- Human Aging Research Institute (HARI) and School of Life Science, Nanchang University, and Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Human Aging, Nanchang, 330031, China
| | - Kang Liu
- Ganzhou People's Hospital, Ganzhou, 341000, China
| | - Baowei Jiao
- National Key Laboratory of Genetic Evolution & Animal Models, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan, 650201, China.
- KIZ-CUHK Joint Laboratory of Bioresources and Molecular Research in Common Diseases, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650201, China.
| | - Limin Zhao
- Human Aging Research Institute (HARI) and School of Life Science, Nanchang University, and Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Human Aging, Nanchang, 330031, China.
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3
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Zhang L, Yang J, Li H, Zhang Z, Ji Z, Zhao L, Wei W. Enterovirus D68 Infection Induces TDP-43 Cleavage, Aggregation, and Neurotoxicity. J Virol 2023; 97:e0042523. [PMID: 37039659 PMCID: PMC10134869 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.00425-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2023] [Accepted: 03/25/2023] [Indexed: 04/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Enterovirus D68 (EV-D68), which causes severe respiratory diseases and irreversible central nervous system damage, has become a serious public health problem worldwide. However, the mechanisms by which EV-D68 exerts neurotoxicity remain unclear. Thus, we aimed to analyze the effects of EV-D68 infection on the cleavage, subcellular translocation, and pathogenic aggregation of TAR DNA-binding protein 43 kDa (TDP-43) in respiratory or neural cells. The results showed that EV-D68-encoded proteases 2A and 3C induced TDP-43 translocation and cleavage, respectively. Specifically, 3C cleaved residue 327Q of TDP-43. The 3C-mediated cleaved TDP-43 fragments had substantially decreased protein solubility compared with the wild-type TDP-43. Hence, 3C activity promoted TDP-43 aggregation, which exerted cytotoxicity to diverse human cells, including glioblastoma T98G cells. The effects of commercially available antiviral drugs on 3C-mediated TDP-43 cleavage were screened, and the results revealed lopinavir as a potent inhibitor of EV-D68 3C protease. Overall, these results suggested TDP-43 as a conserved host target of EV-D68 3C. This study is the first to provide evidence on the involvement of TDP-43 dysregulation in EV-D68 pathogenesis. IMPORTANCE Over the past decade, the incidence of enterovirus D68 (EV-D68) infection has increased worldwide. EV-D68 infection can cause different respiratory symptoms and severe neurological complications, including acute flaccid myelitis. Thus, elucidating the mechanisms underlying EV-D68 toxicity is important to develop novel methods to prevent EV-D68 infection-associated diseases. This study shows that EV-D68 infection triggers the translocalization, cleavage, and aggregation of TDP-43, an intracellular protein closely related to degenerative neurological disorders. The viral protease 3C decreased TDP-43 solubility, thereby exerting cytotoxicity to host cells, including human glioblastoma cells. Thus, counteracting 3C activity is an effective strategy to relieve EV-D68-triggered cell death. Cytoplasmic aggregation of TDP-43 is a hallmark of degenerative diseases, contributing to neural cell damage and central nervous system (CNS) disorders. The findings of this study on EV-D68-induced TDP-43 formation extend our understanding of virus-mediated cytotoxicity and the potential risks of TDP-43 dysfunction-related cognitive impairment and neurological symptoms in infected patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lili Zhang
- Department of Ultrasound Diagnosis, Institute of Translational Medicine, First Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
- Institute of Virology and AIDS Research, First Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Jiaxin Yang
- Institute of Virology and AIDS Research, First Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Huili Li
- Institute of Virology and AIDS Research, First Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Zhe Zhang
- Institute of Virology and AIDS Research, First Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Zhilin Ji
- Key Laboratory of Organ Regeneration and Transplantation of Ministry of Education, Institute of Translational Medicine, First Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Lirong Zhao
- Department of Ultrasound Diagnosis, Institute of Translational Medicine, First Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Wei Wei
- Institute of Virology and AIDS Research, First Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
- Key Laboratory of Organ Regeneration and Transplantation of Ministry of Education, Institute of Translational Medicine, First Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
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4
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Jahanbazi Jahan-Abad A, Salapa HE, Libner CD, Thibault PA, Levin MC. hnRNP A1 dysfunction in oligodendrocytes contributes to the pathogenesis of multiple sclerosis. Glia 2023; 71:633-647. [PMID: 36382566 DOI: 10.1002/glia.24300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2022] [Revised: 10/25/2022] [Accepted: 10/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Oligodendrocyte (OL) damage and death are prominent features of multiple sclerosis (MS) pathology, yet mechanisms contributing to OL loss are incompletely understood. Dysfunctional RNA binding proteins (RBPs), hallmarked by nucleocytoplasmic mislocalization and altered expression, have been shown to result in cell loss in neurologic diseases, including in MS. Since we previously observed that the RBP heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein A1 (hnRNP A1) was dysfunctional in neurons in MS, we hypothesized that it might also contribute to OL pathology in MS and relevant models. We discovered that hnRNP A1 dysfunction is characteristic of OLs in MS brains. These findings were recapitulated in the experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) mouse model of MS, where hnRNP A1 dysfunction was characteristic of OLs, including oligodendrocyte precursor cells and mature OLs in which hnRNP A1 dysfunction correlated with demyelination. We also found that hnRNP A1 dysfunction was induced by IFNγ, indicating that inflammation influences hnRNP A1 function. To fully understand the effects of hnRNP A1 dysfunction on OLs, we performed siRNA knockdown of hnRNP A1, followed by RNA sequencing. RNA sequencing detected over 4000 differentially expressed transcripts revealing alterations to RNA metabolism, cell morphology, and programmed cell death pathways. We confirmed that hnRNP A1 knockdown was detrimental to OLs and induced apoptosis and necroptosis. Together, these data demonstrate a critical role for hnRNP A1 in proper OL functioning and survival and suggest a potential mechanism of OL damage and death in MS that involves hnRNP A1 dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Jahanbazi Jahan-Abad
- Office of the Saskatchewan Multiple Sclerosis Clinical Research Chair, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada.,Cameco MS Neuroscience Research Centre, College of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada.,Neurology Division, Department of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - Hannah E Salapa
- Office of the Saskatchewan Multiple Sclerosis Clinical Research Chair, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada.,Cameco MS Neuroscience Research Centre, College of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada.,Neurology Division, Department of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - Cole D Libner
- Office of the Saskatchewan Multiple Sclerosis Clinical Research Chair, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada.,Cameco MS Neuroscience Research Centre, College of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada.,Department of Health Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - Patricia A Thibault
- Office of the Saskatchewan Multiple Sclerosis Clinical Research Chair, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada.,Cameco MS Neuroscience Research Centre, College of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada.,Neurology Division, Department of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - Michael C Levin
- Office of the Saskatchewan Multiple Sclerosis Clinical Research Chair, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada.,Cameco MS Neuroscience Research Centre, College of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada.,Neurology Division, Department of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada.,Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Pharmacology, College of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
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5
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Reviewing the Potential Links between Viral Infections and TDP-43 Proteinopathies. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24021581. [PMID: 36675095 PMCID: PMC9867397 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24021581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Revised: 12/21/2022] [Accepted: 12/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Transactive response DNA binding protein 43 kDa (TDP-43) was discovered in 2001 as a cellular factor capable to inhibit HIV-1 gene expression. Successively, it was brought to new life as the most prevalent RNA-binding protein involved in several neurological disorders, such as amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and frontotemporal lobar degeneration (FTLD). Despite the fact that these two research areas could be considered very distant from each other, in recent years an increasing number of publications pointed out the existence of a potentially important connection. Indeed, the ability of TDP-43 to act as an important regulator of all aspects of RNA metabolism makes this protein also a critical factor during expression of viral RNAs. Here, we summarize all recent observations regarding the involvement of TDP-43 in viral entry, replication and latency in several viruses that include enteroviruses (EVs), Theiler's murine encephalomyelitis virus (TMEV), human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), human endogenous retroviruses (HERVs), hepatitis B virus (HBV), severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), West Nile virus (WNV), and herpes simplex virus-2 (HSV). In particular, in this work, we aimed to highlight the presence of similarities with the most commonly studied TDP-43 related neuronal dysfunctions.
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6
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Wang X, Zhu J, Zhang D, Liu G. Ribosomal control in RNA virus-infected cells. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:1026887. [PMID: 36419416 PMCID: PMC9677555 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.1026887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2022] [Accepted: 10/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Viruses are strictly intracellular parasites requiring host cellular functions to complete their reproduction cycle involving virus infection of host cell, viral genome replication, viral protein translation, and virion release. Ribosomes are protein synthesis factories in cells, and viruses need to manipulate ribosomes to complete their protein synthesis. Viruses use translation initiation factors through their own RNA structures or cap structures, thereby inducing ribosomes to synthesize viral proteins. Viruses also affect ribosome production and the assembly of mature ribosomes, and regulate the recognition of mRNA by ribosomes, thereby promoting viral protein synthesis and inhibiting the synthesis of host antiviral immune proteins. Here, we review the remarkable mechanisms used by RNA viruses to regulate ribosomes, in particular, the mechanisms by which RNA viruses induce the formation of specific heterogeneous ribosomes required for viral protein translation. This review provides valuable insights into the control of viral infection and diseases from the perspective of viral protein synthesis.
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Abstract
Neurodegenerative diseases (NDs) such as Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s disease are fatal neurological diseases that can be of idiopathic, genetic, or even infectious origin, as in the case of transmissible spongiform encephalopathies. The etiological factors that lead to neurodegeneration remain unknown but likely involve a combination of aging, genetic risk factors, and environmental stressors. Accumulating evidence hints at an association of viruses with neurodegenerative disorders and suggests that virus-induced neuroinflammation and perturbation of neuronal protein quality control can be involved in the early steps of disease development. In this review, we focus on emerging evidence for a correlation between NDs and viral infection and discuss how viral manipulations of cellular processes can affect the formation and dissemination of disease-associated protein aggregates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pascal Leblanc
- Institut NeuroMyoGène INMG-PGNM, Physiopathologie et Génétique du Neurone et du Muscle, UMR5261, Inserm U1315, Université Claude Bernard UCBL-Lyon1, Faculté de Médecine Rockefeller, Lyon, France
- * E-mail: (PL); (IMV)
| | - Ina Maja Vorberg
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases Bonn (DZNE), Bonn, Germany
- Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn, Bonn, Germany
- * E-mail: (PL); (IMV)
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8
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Prater KE, Latimer CS, Jayadev S. Glial TDP-43 and TDP-43 induced glial pathology, focus on neurodegenerative proteinopathy syndromes. Glia 2022; 70:239-255. [PMID: 34558120 PMCID: PMC8722378 DOI: 10.1002/glia.24096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2021] [Revised: 08/21/2021] [Accepted: 09/09/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Since its discovery in 2006, TAR DNA binding protein 43 (TDP-43) has driven rapidly evolving research in neurodegenerative diseases including amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), frontotemporal lobar degeneration (FTLD), and limbic predominant age-related TDP-43 encephalopathy (LATE). TDP-43 mislocalization or aggregation is the hallmark of TDP-43 proteinopathy and is associated with cognitive impairment that can be mapped to its regional deposition. Studies in human tissue and model systems demonstrate that TDP-43 may potentiate other proteinopathies such as the amyloid or tau pathology seen in Alzheimer's Disease (AD) in the combination of AD+LATE. Despite this growing body of literature, there remain gaps in our understanding of whether there is heterogeneity in TDP-43 driven mechanisms across cell types. The growing observations of correlation between TDP-43 proteinopathy and glial pathology suggest a relationship between the two, including pathogenic glial cell-autonomous dysfunction and dysregulated glial immune responses to neuronal TDP-43. In this review, we discuss the available data on TDP-43 in glia within the context of the neurodegenerative diseases ALS and FTLD and highlight the current lack of information about glial TDP-43 interaction in AD+LATE. TDP-43 has proven to be a significant modulator of cognitive and neuropathological outcomes. A deeper understanding of its role in diverse cell types may provide relevant insights into neurodegenerative syndromes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Caitlin S. Latimer
- Division of Neuropathology, Department of Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195
| | - Suman Jayadev
- Department of Neurology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195,Division of Neuropathology, Department of Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195
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9
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Notaro A, Messina A, La Bella V. A Deletion of the Nuclear Localization Signal Domain in the Fus Protein Induces Stable Post-stress Cytoplasmic Inclusions in SH-SY5Y Cells. Front Neurosci 2022; 15:759659. [PMID: 35002600 PMCID: PMC8733393 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2021.759659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2021] [Accepted: 12/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Mutations in Fused-in-Sarcoma (FUS) gene involving the nuclear localization signal (NLS) domain lead to juvenile-onset Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS). The mutant protein mislocalizes to the cytoplasm, incorporating it into Stress Granules (SG). Whether SGs are the first step to the formation of stable FUS-containing aggregates is still unclear. In this work, we used acute and chronic stress paradigms to study the SG dynamics in a human SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cell line carrying a deletion of the NLS domain of the FUS protein (homozygous: ΔNLS–/–; heterozygous: ΔNLS+/–). Wild-type (WT) cells served as controls. We evaluated the subcellular localization of the mutant protein through immunoblot and immunofluorescence, in basal conditions and after acute stress and chronic stress with sodium arsenite (NaAsO2). Cells were monitored for up to 24 h after rescue. FUS was expressed in both nucleus and cytoplasm in the ΔNLS+/– cells, whereas it was primarily cytoplasmic in the ΔNLS–/–. Acute NaAsO2 exposure induced SGs: at rescue,>90% of ΔNLS cells showed abundant FUS-containing if compared to less than 5% of the WT cells. The proportion of FUS-positive SGs remained 15–20% at 24 h in mutant cells. Cycloheximide did not abolish the long-lasting SGs in mutant cells. Chronic exposure to NaAsO2 did not induce significant SGs formation. A wealth of research has demonstrated that ALS-associated FUS mutations at the C-terminus facilitate the incorporation of the mutant protein into SGs. We have shown here that mutant FUS-containing SGs tend to fail to dissolve after stress, facilitating a liquid-to-solid phase transition. The FUS-containing inclusions seen in the dying motor neurons might therefore directly derive from SGs. This might represent an attractive target for future innovative therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonietta Notaro
- ALS Clinical Research Center and Laboratory of Neurochemistry, Department of Biomedicine, Neuroscience and Advances Diagnostics, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Antonella Messina
- ALS Clinical Research Center and Laboratory of Neurochemistry, Department of Biomedicine, Neuroscience and Advances Diagnostics, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Vincenzo La Bella
- ALS Clinical Research Center and Laboratory of Neurochemistry, Department of Biomedicine, Neuroscience and Advances Diagnostics, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
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10
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Hommen F, Bilican S, Vilchez D. Protein clearance strategies for disease intervention. J Neural Transm (Vienna) 2021; 129:141-172. [PMID: 34689261 PMCID: PMC8541819 DOI: 10.1007/s00702-021-02431-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2021] [Accepted: 10/10/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Protein homeostasis, or proteostasis, is essential for cell function and viability. Unwanted, damaged, misfolded and aggregated proteins are degraded by the ubiquitin–proteasome system (UPS) and the autophagy-lysosome pathway. Growing evidence indicates that alterations in these major proteolytic mechanisms lead to a demise in proteostasis, contributing to the onset and development of distinct diseases. Indeed, dysregulation of the UPS or autophagy is linked to several neurodegenerative, infectious and inflammatory disorders as well as cancer. Thus, modulation of protein clearance pathways is a promising approach for therapeutics. In this review, we discuss recent findings and open questions on how targeting proteolytic mechanisms could be applied for disease intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Franziska Hommen
- Cologne Excellence Cluster for Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), University of Cologne, Joseph Stelzmann Strasse 26, 50931, Cologne, Germany
| | - Saygın Bilican
- Cologne Excellence Cluster for Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), University of Cologne, Joseph Stelzmann Strasse 26, 50931, Cologne, Germany
| | - David Vilchez
- Cologne Excellence Cluster for Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), University of Cologne, Joseph Stelzmann Strasse 26, 50931, Cologne, Germany. .,Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany. .,Faculty of Medicine, University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany.
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11
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Pro-Inflammatory Cytokines and Antibodies Induce hnRNP A1 Dysfunction in Mouse Primary Cortical Neurons. Brain Sci 2021; 11:brainsci11101282. [PMID: 34679349 PMCID: PMC8533849 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci11101282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2021] [Revised: 09/22/2021] [Accepted: 09/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an inflammatory disease of the central nervous system with a significant neurodegenerative component. Dysfunctional RNA-binding proteins (RBPs) are causally linked to neuronal damage and are a feature of MS, including the mislocalization of the RBP heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein A1 (A1). Here, we show that primary neurons exposed to pro-inflammatory cytokines and anti-A1 antibodies, both characteristic of an MS autoimmune response, displayed increased A1 mislocalization, stress granule formation, and decreased neurite length, a marker of neurodegeneration. These findings illustrate a significant relationship between secreted immune factors, A1 dysfunction, and neuronal damage in a disease-relevant model system.
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12
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Lotz SK, Blackhurst BM, Reagin KL, Funk KE. Microbial Infections Are a Risk Factor for Neurodegenerative Diseases. Front Cell Neurosci 2021; 15:691136. [PMID: 34305533 PMCID: PMC8292681 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2021.691136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2021] [Accepted: 06/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Neurodegenerative diseases, such as Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, comprise a family of disorders characterized by progressive loss of nervous system function. Neuroinflammation is increasingly recognized to be associated with many neurodegenerative diseases but whether it is a cause or consequence of the disease process is unclear. Of growing interest is the role of microbial infections in inciting degenerative neuroinflammatory responses and genetic factors that may regulate those responses. Microbial infections cause inflammation within the central nervous system through activation of brain-resident immune cells and infiltration of peripheral immune cells. These responses are necessary to protect the brain from lethal infections but may also induce neuropathological changes that lead to neurodegeneration. This review discusses the molecular and cellular mechanisms through which microbial infections may increase susceptibility to neurodegenerative diseases. Elucidating these mechanisms is critical for developing targeted therapeutic approaches that prevent the onset and slow the progression of neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Kristen E. Funk
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of North Carolina at Charlotte, Charlotte, NC, United States
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13
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Xue YC, Ng CS, Mohamud Y, Fung G, Liu H, Bahreyni A, Zhang J, Luo H. FUS/TLS Suppresses Enterovirus Replication and Promotes Antiviral Innate Immune Responses. J Virol 2021; 95:e00304-21. [PMID: 33827951 PMCID: PMC8316056 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.00304-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2021] [Accepted: 03/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
During viral infection, the dynamic virus-host relationship is constantly in play. Many cellular proteins, such as RNA-binding proteins (RBPs), have been shown to mediate antiviral responses during viral infection. Here, we report that the RBP FUS/TLS (fused in sarcoma/translocated in liposarcoma) acts as a host-restricting factor against infection with coxsackievirus B3 (CVB3). Mechanistically, we found that deletion of FUS leads to increased viral RNA transcription and enhanced internal ribosome entry site (IRES)-driven translation, with no apparent impact on viral RNA stability. We further demonstrated that FUS physically interacts with the viral genome, which may contribute to direct inhibition of viral RNA transcription/translation. Moreover, we identified a novel function for FUS in regulating host innate immune response. We show that in the absence of FUS, gene expression of type I interferons and proinflammatory cytokines elicited by viral or bacterial infection is significantly impaired. Emerging evidence suggests a role for stress granules (SGs) in antiviral innate immunity. We further reveal that knockout of FUS abolishes the ability to form SGs upon CVB3 infection or poly(I·C) treatment. Finally, we show that, to avoid FUS-mediated antiviral response and innate immunity, CVB3 infection results in cytoplasmic mislocalization and cleavage of FUS through the enzymatic activity of viral proteases. Together, our findings in this study identify FUS as a novel host antiviral factor which restricts CVB3 replication through direct inhibition of viral RNA transcription and protein translation and through regulation of host antiviral innate immunity.IMPORTANCE Enteroviruses are common human pathogens, including those that cause myocarditis (coxsackievirus B3 [CVB3]), poliomyelitis (poliovirus), and hand, foot, and mouth disease (enterovirus 71). Understanding the virus-host interaction is crucial for developing means of treating and preventing diseases caused by these pathogens. In this study, we explored the interplay between the host RNA-binding protein FUS/TLS and CVB3 and found that FUS/TLS restricts CVB3 replication through direct inhibition of viral RNA transcription/translation and through regulation of cellular antiviral innate immunity. To impede the antiviral role of FUS, CVB3 targets FUS for mislocalization and cleavage. Findings from this study provide novel insights into interactions between CVB3 and FUS, which may lead to novel therapeutic interventions against enterovirus-induced diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Chao Xue
- Centre for Heart and Lung Innovation, St. Paul's Hospital, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Chen Seng Ng
- Centre for Heart and Lung Innovation, St. Paul's Hospital, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Yasir Mohamud
- Centre for Heart and Lung Innovation, St. Paul's Hospital, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Gabriel Fung
- Centre for Heart and Lung Innovation, St. Paul's Hospital, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Huitao Liu
- Centre for Heart and Lung Innovation, St. Paul's Hospital, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Amirhossein Bahreyni
- Centre for Heart and Lung Innovation, St. Paul's Hospital, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Jingchun Zhang
- Centre for Heart and Lung Innovation, St. Paul's Hospital, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Honglin Luo
- Centre for Heart and Lung Innovation, St. Paul's Hospital, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
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14
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Wo X, Yuan Y, Xu Y, Chen Y, Wang Y, Zhao S, Lin L, Zhong X, Wang Y, Zhong Z, Zhao W. TAR DNA-Binding Protein 43 is Cleaved by the Protease 3C of Enterovirus A71. Virol Sin 2021; 36:95-103. [PMID: 32696397 PMCID: PMC7973337 DOI: 10.1007/s12250-020-00262-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2020] [Accepted: 06/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Enterovirus A71 (EV-A71) is one of the etiological pathogens leading to hand, foot, and mouth disease (HFMD), which can cause severe neurological complications. The neuropathogenesis of EV-A71 infection is not well understood. The mislocalization and aggregation of TAR DNA-binding protein 43 (TDP-43) is the pathological hallmark of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). However, whether TDP-43 was impacted by EV-A71 infection is unknown. This study demonstrated that TDP-43 was cleaved during EV-A71 infection. The cleavage of TDP-43 requires EV-A71 replication rather than the activated caspases due to viral infection. TDP-43 is cleaved by viral protease 3C between the residues 331Q and 332S, while mutated TDP-43 (Q331A) was not cleaved. In addition, mutated 3C which lacks the protease activity failed to induce TDP-43 cleavage. We also found that TDP-43 was translocated from the nucleus to the cytoplasm, and the mislocalization of TDP-43 was induced by viral protease 2A rather than 3C. Taken together, we demonstrated that TDP-43 was cleaved by viral protease and translocated to the cytoplasm during EV-A71 infection, implicating the possible involvement of TDP-43 in the pathogenesis of EV-A71infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoman Wo
- Department of Cell Biology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150081, China
| | - Yuan Yuan
- Department of Cell Biology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150081, China
| | - Yong Xu
- Department of Cell Biology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150081, China
| | - Yang Chen
- Department of Microbiology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150081, China
| | - Yao Wang
- Department of Cell Biology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150081, China
| | - Shuoxuan Zhao
- Department of Cell Biology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150081, China
| | - Lexun Lin
- Department of Microbiology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150081, China
| | - Xiaoyan Zhong
- Department of Microbiology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150081, China
| | - Yan Wang
- Department of Microbiology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150081, China
| | - Zhaohua Zhong
- Department of Microbiology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150081, China.
| | - Wenran Zhao
- Department of Cell Biology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150081, China.
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15
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Müller-Schiffmann A, Trossbach SV, Lingappa VR, Korth C. Viruses as 'Truffle Hounds': Molecular Tools for Untangling Brain Cellular Pathology. Trends Neurosci 2020; 44:352-365. [PMID: 33317827 DOI: 10.1016/j.tins.2020.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2020] [Revised: 10/06/2020] [Accepted: 11/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The ability of viruses to evolve several orders of magnitude faster than their host cells has enabled them to exploit host cellular machinery by selectively recruiting multiprotein complexes (MPCs) for their catalyzed assembly and replication. This hijacking may depend on alternative, 'moonlighting' functions of host proteins that deviate from their canonical functions thereby inducing cellular pathology. Here, we posit that if virus-induced cellular pathology is similar to that of other, unknown (non-viral) causes, the identification and molecular characterization of the host proteins involved in virus-mediated cellular pathology can be leveraged to decipher the non-viral disease-relevant mechanisms. We focus on how virus-induced aberrant proteostasis and protein aggregation resemble the cellular pathology of sporadic neurodegenerative diseases (NDs) and how this can be exploited for drug discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Müller-Schiffmann
- Department of Neuropathology, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Moorenstrasse 5, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Svenja V Trossbach
- Department of Neuropathology, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Moorenstrasse 5, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | | | - Carsten Korth
- Department of Neuropathology, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Moorenstrasse 5, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany.
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16
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Salapa HE, Hutchinson C, Popescu BF, Levin MC. Neuronal RNA-binding protein dysfunction in multiple sclerosis cortex. Ann Clin Transl Neurol 2020; 7:1214-1224. [PMID: 32608162 PMCID: PMC7359129 DOI: 10.1002/acn3.51103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2020] [Revised: 04/27/2020] [Accepted: 05/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Neurodegeneration is thought to be the primary cause of neurological disability in multiple sclerosis (MS). Dysfunctional RNA‐binding proteins (RBPs) including their mislocalization from nucleus to cytoplasm, stress granule formation, and altered RNA metabolism have been found to underlie neurodegeneration in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and frontotemporal dementia. Yet, little is known about the role of dysfunctional RBPs in the pathogenesis of neurodegeneration in MS. As a follow‐up to our seminal finding of altered RBP function in a single case of MS, we posited that there would be evidence of RBP dysfunction in cortical neurons in MS. Methods Cortical neurons from 12 MS and six control cases were analyzed by immunohistochemistry for heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein A1 (hnRNP A1) and TAR‐DNA‐binding protein‐43 (TDP‐43). Seven distinct neuronal phenotypes were identified based on the nucleocytoplasmic staining of these RBPs. Statistical analyses were performed by analyzing each phenotype in relation to MS versus controls. Results Analyses revealed a continuum of hnRNP A1 and TDP‐43 nucleocytoplasmic staining was found in cortical neurons, from neurons with entirely nuclear staining with little cytoplasmic staining in contrast to those with complete nuclear depletion of RBPs concurrent with robust cytoplasmic staining. The neuronal phenotypes that showed the most nucleocytoplasmic mislocalization of hnRNP A1 and TDP‐43 statistically distinguished MS from control cases (P < 0.01, P < 0.001, respectively). Interpretation The discovery of hnRNP A1 and TDP‐43 nucleocytoplasmic mislocalization in neurons in MS brain demonstrate that dysfunctional RBPs may play a role in neurodegeneration in MS, as they do in other neurological diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah E Salapa
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Pharmacology & Cameco MS Neuroscience Research Center, College of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada.,Office of the Saskatchewan Multiple Sclerosis Clinical Research Chair, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
| | - Catherine Hutchinson
- Office of the Saskatchewan Multiple Sclerosis Clinical Research Chair, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada.,Neurology Division, Department of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
| | - Bogdan F Popescu
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Pharmacology & Cameco MS Neuroscience Research Center, College of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
| | - Michael C Levin
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Pharmacology & Cameco MS Neuroscience Research Center, College of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada.,Office of the Saskatchewan Multiple Sclerosis Clinical Research Chair, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada.,Neurology Division, Department of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
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17
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Libner CD, Salapa HE, Levin MC. The Potential Contribution of Dysfunctional RNA-Binding Proteins to the Pathogenesis of Neurodegeneration in Multiple Sclerosis and Relevant Models. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E4571. [PMID: 32604997 PMCID: PMC7369711 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21134571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2020] [Revised: 06/22/2020] [Accepted: 06/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Neurodegeneration in multiple sclerosis (MS) is believed to underlie disease progression and permanent disability. Many mechanisms of neurodegeneration in MS have been proposed, such as mitochondrial dysfunction, oxidative stress, neuroinflammation, and RNA-binding protein dysfunction. The purpose of this review is to highlight mechanisms of neurodegeneration in MS and its models, with a focus on RNA-binding protein dysfunction. Studying RNA-binding protein dysfunction addresses a gap in our understanding of the pathogenesis of MS, which will allow for novel therapies to be generated to attenuate neurodegeneration before irreversible central nervous system damage occurs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cole D. Libner
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5A2, Canada;
- Office of Saskatchewan Multiple Sclerosis Clinical Research Chair, CMSNRC (Cameco MS Neuroscience. Research Center), University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7K 0M7, Canada;
| | - Hannah E. Salapa
- Office of Saskatchewan Multiple Sclerosis Clinical Research Chair, CMSNRC (Cameco MS Neuroscience. Research Center), University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7K 0M7, Canada;
- Department of Medicine, Neurology Division, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5A2, Canada
| | - Michael C. Levin
- Office of Saskatchewan Multiple Sclerosis Clinical Research Chair, CMSNRC (Cameco MS Neuroscience. Research Center), University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7K 0M7, Canada;
- Department of Medicine, Neurology Division, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5A2, Canada
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18
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Masaki K, Sonobe Y, Ghadge G, Pytel P, Lépine P, Pernin F, Cui QL, Antel JP, Zandee S, Prat A, Roos RP. RNA-binding protein altered expression and mislocalization in MS. NEUROLOGY-NEUROIMMUNOLOGY & NEUROINFLAMMATION 2020; 7:7/3/e704. [PMID: 32217641 PMCID: PMC7176246 DOI: 10.1212/nxi.0000000000000704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2019] [Accepted: 02/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Objective To determine whether there are nuclear depletion and cellular mislocalization of RNA-binding proteins (RBPs) transactivation response DNA-binding protein of 43 kDa (TDP-43), fused in sarcoma (FUS), and polypyrimidine tract–binding protein (PTB) in MS, as is the case in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and oligodendrocytes infected with Theiler murine encephalomyelitis virus (TMEV), we examined MS lesions and in vitro cultured primary human brain–derived oligodendrocytes. Methods Nuclear depletion and mislocalization of TDP-43, FUS, and PTB are thought to contribute to the pathogenesis of ALS and TMEV demyelination. The latter findings prompted us to investigate these RBPs in the demyelinated lesions of MS and in in vitro cultured human brain–derived oligodendrocytes under metabolic stress conditions. Results We found (1) mislocalized TDP-43 in oligodendrocytes in active lesions in some patients with MS; (2) decreased PTB1 expression in oligodendrocytes in mixed active/inactive demyelinating lesions; (3) decreased nuclear expression of PTB2 in neurons in cortical demyelinating lesions; and (4) nuclear depletion of TDP-43 in oligodendrocytes under metabolic stress induced by low glucose/low nutrient conditions compared with optimal culture conditions. Conclusion TDP-43 has been found to have a key role in oligodendrocyte function and viability, whereas PTB is important in neuronal differentiation, suggesting that altered expression and mislocalization of these RBPs in MS lesions may contribute to the pathogenesis of demyelination and neurodegeneration. Our findings also identify nucleocytoplasmic transport as a target for treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katsuhisa Masaki
- From the Department of Neurology (K.M., Y.S., G.G., R.P.R.) and Department of Pathology (P.P.), University of Chicago Medical Center, IL; Neuroimmunology Research Laboratory (P.L., S.Z., A.P.), Centre du Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), QC, Canada; and Neuroimmunology Unit (F.P., Q.-L.C., J.P.A.), Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, QC, Canada
| | - Yoshifumi Sonobe
- From the Department of Neurology (K.M., Y.S., G.G., R.P.R.) and Department of Pathology (P.P.), University of Chicago Medical Center, IL; Neuroimmunology Research Laboratory (P.L., S.Z., A.P.), Centre du Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), QC, Canada; and Neuroimmunology Unit (F.P., Q.-L.C., J.P.A.), Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, QC, Canada
| | - Ghanashyam Ghadge
- From the Department of Neurology (K.M., Y.S., G.G., R.P.R.) and Department of Pathology (P.P.), University of Chicago Medical Center, IL; Neuroimmunology Research Laboratory (P.L., S.Z., A.P.), Centre du Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), QC, Canada; and Neuroimmunology Unit (F.P., Q.-L.C., J.P.A.), Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, QC, Canada
| | - Peter Pytel
- From the Department of Neurology (K.M., Y.S., G.G., R.P.R.) and Department of Pathology (P.P.), University of Chicago Medical Center, IL; Neuroimmunology Research Laboratory (P.L., S.Z., A.P.), Centre du Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), QC, Canada; and Neuroimmunology Unit (F.P., Q.-L.C., J.P.A.), Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, QC, Canada
| | - Paula Lépine
- From the Department of Neurology (K.M., Y.S., G.G., R.P.R.) and Department of Pathology (P.P.), University of Chicago Medical Center, IL; Neuroimmunology Research Laboratory (P.L., S.Z., A.P.), Centre du Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), QC, Canada; and Neuroimmunology Unit (F.P., Q.-L.C., J.P.A.), Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, QC, Canada
| | - Florian Pernin
- From the Department of Neurology (K.M., Y.S., G.G., R.P.R.) and Department of Pathology (P.P.), University of Chicago Medical Center, IL; Neuroimmunology Research Laboratory (P.L., S.Z., A.P.), Centre du Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), QC, Canada; and Neuroimmunology Unit (F.P., Q.-L.C., J.P.A.), Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, QC, Canada
| | - Qiao-Ling Cui
- From the Department of Neurology (K.M., Y.S., G.G., R.P.R.) and Department of Pathology (P.P.), University of Chicago Medical Center, IL; Neuroimmunology Research Laboratory (P.L., S.Z., A.P.), Centre du Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), QC, Canada; and Neuroimmunology Unit (F.P., Q.-L.C., J.P.A.), Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, QC, Canada
| | - Jack P Antel
- From the Department of Neurology (K.M., Y.S., G.G., R.P.R.) and Department of Pathology (P.P.), University of Chicago Medical Center, IL; Neuroimmunology Research Laboratory (P.L., S.Z., A.P.), Centre du Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), QC, Canada; and Neuroimmunology Unit (F.P., Q.-L.C., J.P.A.), Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, QC, Canada
| | - Stephanie Zandee
- From the Department of Neurology (K.M., Y.S., G.G., R.P.R.) and Department of Pathology (P.P.), University of Chicago Medical Center, IL; Neuroimmunology Research Laboratory (P.L., S.Z., A.P.), Centre du Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), QC, Canada; and Neuroimmunology Unit (F.P., Q.-L.C., J.P.A.), Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, QC, Canada
| | - Alexandre Prat
- From the Department of Neurology (K.M., Y.S., G.G., R.P.R.) and Department of Pathology (P.P.), University of Chicago Medical Center, IL; Neuroimmunology Research Laboratory (P.L., S.Z., A.P.), Centre du Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), QC, Canada; and Neuroimmunology Unit (F.P., Q.-L.C., J.P.A.), Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, QC, Canada
| | - Raymond P Roos
- From the Department of Neurology (K.M., Y.S., G.G., R.P.R.) and Department of Pathology (P.P.), University of Chicago Medical Center, IL; Neuroimmunology Research Laboratory (P.L., S.Z., A.P.), Centre du Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), QC, Canada; and Neuroimmunology Unit (F.P., Q.-L.C., J.P.A.), Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, QC, Canada.
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19
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Shelkovnikova TA, An H, Skelt L, Tregoning JS, Humphreys IR, Buchman VL. Antiviral Immune Response as a Trigger of FUS Proteinopathy in Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis. Cell Rep 2019; 29:4496-4508.e4. [PMID: 31875556 PMCID: PMC6941233 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2019.11.094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2019] [Revised: 10/16/2019] [Accepted: 11/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Mutations in the FUS gene cause familial amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS-FUS). In ALS-FUS, FUS-positive inclusions are detected in the cytoplasm of neurons and glia, a condition known as FUS proteinopathy. Mutant FUS incorporates into stress granules (SGs) and can spontaneously form cytoplasmic RNA granules in cultured cells. However, it is unclear what can trigger the persistence of mutant FUS assemblies and lead to inclusion formation. Using CRISPR/Cas9 cell lines and patient fibroblasts, we find that the viral mimic dsRNA poly(I:C) or a SG-inducing virus causes the sustained presence of mutant FUS assemblies. These assemblies sequester the autophagy receptor optineurin and nucleocytoplasmic transport factors. Furthermore, an integral component of the antiviral immune response, type I interferon, promotes FUS protein accumulation by increasing FUS mRNA stability. Finally, mutant FUS-expressing cells are hypersensitive to dsRNA toxicity. Our data suggest that the antiviral immune response is a plausible second hit for FUS proteinopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatyana A Shelkovnikova
- Biomedicine Division, School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF10 3AX, UK; Medicines Discovery Institute, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF10 3AT, UK.
| | - Haiyan An
- Biomedicine Division, School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF10 3AX, UK; Medicines Discovery Institute, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF10 3AT, UK
| | - Lucy Skelt
- Biomedicine Division, School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF10 3AX, UK
| | - John S Tregoning
- Department of Infectious Disease, St Mary's Campus, Imperial College London, London W2 1PG, UK
| | - Ian R Humphreys
- Systems Immunity Research Institute, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF14 4XN, UK
| | - Vladimir L Buchman
- Biomedicine Division, School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF10 3AX, UK; Institute of Physiologically Active Compounds of RAS, Chernogolovka 142432, Russian Federation.
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20
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Salapa HE, Libner CD, Levin MC. Dysfunctional RNA-binding protein biology and neurodegeneration in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis in female mice. J Neurosci Res 2019; 98:704-717. [PMID: 31755578 DOI: 10.1002/jnr.24554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2019] [Revised: 10/04/2019] [Accepted: 10/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Altered stress granule (SG) and RNA-binding protein (RBP) biology have been shown to contribute to the pathogenesis of several neurodegenerative diseases, yet little is known about their role in multiple sclerosis (MS). Pathological features associated with dysfunctional RBPs include RBP mislocalization from its normal nuclear location to the cytoplasm and the formation of chronic SGs. We tested the hypothesis that altered SG and RBP biology might contribute to the neurodegeneration in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE). C57BL/6 female mice were actively immunized with MOG35-55 to induce EAE. Spinal cords were examined for mislocalization of the RBPs, heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein A1 (hnRNP A1) and TAR-DNA binding protein-43 (TDP-43), SGs, neurodegeneration (SMI-32), T cells (CD3), and macrophages (CD68). In contrast to naive mice, mice with EAE showed SG formation (p < 0.0001) and mislocalization of hnRNP A1 (p < 0.05) in neurons of the ventral spinal cord gray matter, which correlated with clinical score (R = 0.8104, p = 0.0253). In these same areas, there was a neuronal loss (p < 0.0001) and increased SMI-32 immunoreactivity (both markers of neurodegeneration) and increased staining for CD3+ T cells and IFN-gamma. These findings recapitulate the SG and RBP biology and markers of neurodegeneration in MS tissues and suggest that altered SG and RBP biology contribute to the neurodegeneration in EAE, which might also apply to the pathogenesis of MS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah E Salapa
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
| | - Cole D Libner
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
| | - Michael C Levin
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada.,Office of the Saskatchewan Multiple Sclerosis Clinical Research Chair, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada.,College of Medicine, Neurology Division, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
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