1
|
Higashi DL, Qin H, Borland C, Kreth J, Merritt J. An inflammatory paradox: strategies inflammophilic oral pathobionts employ to exploit innate immunity via neutrophil manipulation. FRONTIERS IN ORAL HEALTH 2024; 5:1413842. [PMID: 38919731 PMCID: PMC11196645 DOI: 10.3389/froh.2024.1413842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2024] [Accepted: 05/28/2024] [Indexed: 06/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory dysbiotic diseases present an intriguing biological paradox. Like most other infectious disease processes, the alarm bells of the host are potently activated by tissue-destructive pathobionts, triggering a cascade of physiological responses that ultimately mobilize immune cells like neutrophils to sites of active infection. Typically, these inflammatory host responses are critical to inhibit and/or eradicate infecting microbes. However, for many inflammatory dysbiotic diseases, inflammophilic pathobiont-enriched communities not only survive the inflammatory response, but they actually obtain a growth advantage when challenged with an inflammatory environment. This is especially true for those organisms that have evolved various strategies to resist and/or manipulate components of innate immunity. In contrast, members of the commensal microbiome typically experience a competitive growth disadvantage under inflammatory selective pressure, hindering their critical ability to restrict pathobiont proliferation. Here, we examine examples of bacteria-neutrophil interactions from both conventional pathogens and inflammophiles. We discuss some of the strategies utilized by them to illustrate how inflammophilic microbes can play a central role in the positive feedback cycle that exemplifies dysbiotic chronic inflammatory diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dustin L. Higashi
- Division of Biomaterial and Biomedical Sciences, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, United States
| | - Hua Qin
- Division of Biomaterial and Biomedical Sciences, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, United States
| | - Christina Borland
- Division of Biomaterial and Biomedical Sciences, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, United States
| | - Jens Kreth
- Division of Biomaterial and Biomedical Sciences, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, United States
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, United States
| | - Justin Merritt
- Division of Biomaterial and Biomedical Sciences, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, United States
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, United States
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Lei H. Quantitative and Longitudinal Assessment of Systemic Innate Immunity in Health and Disease Using a 2D Gene Model. Biomedicines 2024; 12:969. [PMID: 38790931 PMCID: PMC11117654 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines12050969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2024] [Revised: 04/22/2024] [Accepted: 04/24/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Dysregulation of innate immunity is deeply involved in infectious and autoimmune diseases. For a better understanding of pathogenesis and improved management of these diseases, it is of vital importance to implement convenient monitoring of systemic innate immunity. Built upon our previous works on the host transcriptional response to infection in peripheral blood, we proposed a 2D gene model for the simultaneous assessment of two major components of systemic innate immunity, including VirSig as the signature of the host response to viral infection and BacSig as the signature of the host response to bacterial infection. The revelation of dysregulation in innate immunity by this 2D gene model was demonstrated with a wide variety of transcriptome datasets. In acute infection, distinctive patterns of VirSig and BacSig activation were observed in viral and bacterial infection. In comparison, both signatures were restricted to a defined range in the vast majority of healthy adults, regardless of age. In addition, BacSig showed significant elevation during pregnancy and an upward trend during development. In tuberculosis (TB), elevation of BacSig and VirSig was observed in a significant portion of active TB patients, and abnormal BacSig was also associated with a longer treatment course. In cystic fibrosis (CF), abnormal BacSig was observed in a subset of patients, and no overall change in BacSig abnormality was observed after the drug treatment. In systemic sclerosis-associated interstitial lung disease (SSc-ILD), significant elevation of VirSig and BacSig was observed in some patients, and treatment with a drug led to the further deviation of BacSig from the control level. In systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), positivity for the anti-Ro autoantibody was associated with significant elevation of VirSig in SLE patients, and the additive effect of VirSig/BacSig activation was also observed in SLE patients during pregnancy. Overall, these data demonstrated that the 2D gene model can be used to assess systemic innate immunity in health and disease, with the potential clinical applications including patient stratification, prescription of antibiotics, understanding of pathogenesis, and longitudinal monitoring of treatment response.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hongxing Lei
- CAS Key Laboratory of Genome Sciences and Information, Beijing Institute of Genomics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, and China National Center for Bioinformation, Beijing 100101, China; ; Tel.: +86-010-8409-7276
- Cunji Medical School, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 101408, China
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Firouzjaie F, Taghipour N, Akhavan AA, Seyyed Tabaei SJ, Rouhani S, Shirazian M, Koochaki A, Fatemi M, Mosaffa N, Moin Vaziri V. Neutrophil extracellular traps formation: effect of Leishmania major promastigotes and salivary gland homogenates of Phlebotomus papatasi in human neutrophil culture. BMC Microbiol 2024; 24:117. [PMID: 38575882 PMCID: PMC10993452 DOI: 10.1186/s12866-024-03270-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2023] [Accepted: 03/20/2024] [Indexed: 04/06/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Leishmaniasis as a neglected tropical disease (NTD) is caused by the inoculation of Leishmania parasites via the bite of phlebotomine sand flies. After an infected bite, a series of innate and adaptive immune responses occurs, among which neutrophils can be mentioned as the initiators. Among the multiple functions of these fighting cells, neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) were studied in the presence of Leishmania major promastigotes and salivary gland homogenates (SGH) of Phlebotomus papatasi alone, and in combination to mimic natural conditions of transmission. MATERIAL & METHODS The effect of L. major and SGH on NETs formation was studied in three different groups: neutrophils + SGH (NS), neutrophils + L. major (NL), neutrophils + L. major + SGH (NLS) along with negative and positive controls in 2, 4 and 6 h post-incubation. Different microscopic methods were used to visualize NETs comprising: fluorescence microscopy by Acridine Orange/ Ethidium Bromide staining, optical microscopy by Giemsa staining and scanning electron microscopy. In addition, the expression level of three different genes NE, MPO and MMP9 was evaluated by Real-Time PCR. RESULTS All three microscopical methods revealed similar results, as in NS group, chromatin extrusion as a sign of NETosis, was not very evident in each three time points; but, in NL and especially NLS group, more NETosis was observed and the interaction between neutrophils and promastigotes in NL and also with saliva in NLS group, gradually increased over times. Real-time reveals that, the expression of MPO, NE and MMP9 genes increased during 2 and 4 h after exposure, and then decreased at 6 h in most groups. CONCLUSION Hence, it was determined that the simultaneous presence of parasite and saliva in NLS group has a greater impact on the formation of NETs compared to NL and NS groups.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fahimeh Firouzjaie
- Department of Parasitology and Mycology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Niloofar Taghipour
- Medical Nanotechnology and Tissue Engineering Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Tissue Engineering and Applied Cell Sciences, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Amir Ahmad Akhavan
- Department of Vector Biology and Control of Diseases, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Seyyed Javad Seyyed Tabaei
- Department of Parasitology and Mycology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Soheila Rouhani
- Department of Parasitology and Mycology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Maryam Shirazian
- Department of Parasitology and Mycology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ameneh Koochaki
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahboubeh Fatemi
- Department of Vector Biology and Control of Diseases, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Nariman Mosaffa
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Vahideh Moin Vaziri
- Department of Parasitology and Mycology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Jones RA, Jerse AE, Tang CM. Gonococcal PorB: a multifaceted modulator of host immune responses. Trends Microbiol 2024; 32:355-364. [PMID: 37891023 DOI: 10.1016/j.tim.2023.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2023] [Revised: 09/28/2023] [Accepted: 10/03/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023]
Abstract
Neisseria gonorrhoeae is a human-specific pathogen responsible for the sexually transmitted infection, gonorrhoea. N. gonorrhoeae promotes its survival by manipulating both innate and adaptive immune responses. The most abundant gonococcal outer-membrane protein is PorB, an essential porin that facilitates ion exchange. Importantly, gonococcal PorB has several immunomodulatory properties. To subvert the innate immune response, PorB suppresses killing mechanisms of macrophages and neutrophils, and recruits negative regulators of complement to the gonococcal cell surface. For manipulation of adaptive immune responses, gonococcal PorB suppresses the capability of dendritic cells to stimulate proliferation of T cells. As gonococcal PorB is highly abundant in outer-membrane vesicles, consideration of the immunomodulatory properties of this porin is critical when designing gonococcal vaccines.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rebekah A Jones
- Sir William Dunn School of Pathology, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3RE, UK
| | - Ann E Jerse
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Uniformed Services University, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Christoph M Tang
- Sir William Dunn School of Pathology, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3RE, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Awasthi D, Sarode A. Neutrophils at the Crossroads: Unraveling the Multifaceted Role in the Tumor Microenvironment. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:2929. [PMID: 38474175 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25052929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2024] [Revised: 02/23/2024] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Over the past decade, research has prominently established neutrophils as key contributors to the intricate landscape of tumor immune biology. As polymorphonuclear granulocytes within the innate immune system, neutrophils play a pivotal and abundant role, constituting approximately ∼70% of all peripheral leukocytes in humans and ∼10-20% in mice. This substantial presence positions them as the frontline defense against potential threats. Equipped with a diverse array of mechanisms, including reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, degranulation, phagocytosis, and the formation of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs), neutrophils undeniably serve as indispensable components of the innate immune system. While these innate functions enable neutrophils to interact with adaptive immune cells such as T, B, and NK cells, influencing their functions, they also engage in dynamic interactions with rapidly dividing tumor cells. Consequently, neutrophils are emerging as crucial regulators in both pro- and anti-tumor immunity. This comprehensive review delves into recent research to illuminate the multifaceted roles of neutrophils. It explores their diverse functions within the tumor microenvironment, shedding light on their heterogeneity and their impact on tumor recruitment, progression, and modulation. Additionally, the review underscores their potential anti-tumoral capabilities. Finally, it provides valuable insights into clinical therapies targeting neutrophils, presenting a promising approach to leveraging innate immunity for enhanced cancer treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Deepika Awasthi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Aditya Sarode
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Slanina P, Stichova J, Bosakova V, Zambo IS, Kohoutkova MH, Laznickova P, Chovancova Z, Litzman J, Plucarova T, Fric J, Vlkova M. Phenotype and oxidative burst of low-density neutrophil subpopulations are altered in common variable immunodeficiency patients. CYTOMETRY. PART B, CLINICAL CYTOMETRY 2024; 106:99-112. [PMID: 37997558 DOI: 10.1002/cyto.b.22150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2023] [Revised: 10/10/2023] [Accepted: 11/07/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023]
Abstract
Common variable immunodeficiency disorder (CVID) is the most common form of primary antibody immunodeficiency. Due to low antibody levels, CVID patients receive intravenous or subcutaneous immunoglobulin replacement therapy as treatment. CVID is associated with the chronic activation of granulocytes, including an increased percentage of low-density neutrophils (LDNs). In this study, we examined changes in the percentage of LDNs and the expression of their surface markers in 25 patients with CVID and 27 healthy donors (HD) after in vitro stimulation of whole blood using IVIg. An oxidative burst assay was used to assess the functionality of LDNs. CVID patients had increased both relative and absolute LDN counts with a higher proportion of mLDNs compared to iLDNs, distinguished based on the expression of CD10 and CD16. Immature LDNs in the CVID and HD groups had significantly reduced oxidative burst capacity compared to mature LDNs. Interestingly we observed reduced oxidative burst capacity, reduced expression of CD10 after stimulation of WB, and higher expression of PD-L1 in mature LDNs in CVID patients compared to HD cells. Our data indicate that that the functional characteristics of LDNs are closely linked to their developmental stage. The observed reduction in oxidative burst capacity in mLDNs in CVID patients could contribute to an increased susceptibility to recurrent bacterial infections among CVID patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Peter Slanina
- Department of Clinical Immunology and Allergology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
- Institute of Clinical Immunology and Allergology, St. Anne's University Hospital, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Julie Stichova
- Department of Clinical Immunology and Allergology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
- Institute of Clinical Immunology and Allergology, St. Anne's University Hospital, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Veronika Bosakova
- Center for Translational Medicine, International Clinical Research Center, St Anne's University Hospital Brno, Brno, Czech Republic
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Iva Staniczkova Zambo
- 1st Department of Pathology, St. Anne's University Hospital and Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Marcela Hortova Kohoutkova
- Center for Translational Medicine, International Clinical Research Center, St Anne's University Hospital Brno, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Petra Laznickova
- Center for Translational Medicine, International Clinical Research Center, St Anne's University Hospital Brno, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Zita Chovancova
- Department of Clinical Immunology and Allergology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
- Institute of Clinical Immunology and Allergology, St. Anne's University Hospital, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Jiri Litzman
- Department of Clinical Immunology and Allergology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
- Institute of Clinical Immunology and Allergology, St. Anne's University Hospital, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Terezie Plucarova
- Department of Clinical Immunology and Allergology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Fric
- Center for Translational Medicine, International Clinical Research Center, St Anne's University Hospital Brno, Brno, Czech Republic
- Institute of Hematology and Blood Transfusion, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Marcela Vlkova
- Department of Clinical Immunology and Allergology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
- Institute of Clinical Immunology and Allergology, St. Anne's University Hospital, Brno, Czech Republic
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Liu H, Sun J, Wang Z, Han R, Zhao Y, Lou Y, Wang H. S100a10 deficiency in neutrophils aggravates ulcerative colitis in mice. Int Immunopharmacol 2024; 128:111499. [PMID: 38232535 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2024.111499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2023] [Revised: 12/27/2023] [Accepted: 01/03/2024] [Indexed: 01/19/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS S100a10 is a member of the S100 family of proteins, which plays a key role in the depression and tumor metastasis. However, the role of S100a10 is unclear in ulcerative colitis. METHODS The effect of S100a10 was assessed using a murine ulcerative colitis model which was accompanied by parameters including body weight loss, disease activity index, histological score, colon weight and length. The quantity and role of immune cells was determined by flow cytometry and bone marrow chimeric mice. Neutrophils depletion, adoptive cell transfer and conditional knockout mice were used to ascertain which cells played the key role in ulcerative colitis. The function of neutrophils was evaluated by migration assay, phagocytosis assay, multiplex immunoassay and real-time PCR. RESULTS In this study, our data showed that S100a10-/- mice were prone to ulcerative colitis induced by dextran sodium sulfate. Neutrophils number increased in colon of S100a10-/- mice after dextran sodium sulfate treatment significantly. Meanwhile, adoptive transfer of neutrophils from wild type mice partially decreased the susceptibility of S100a10-/- mice to dextran sodium sulfate. There was no difference in ulcerative colitis between the groups of S100a10-/- mice without neutrophils and wild type mice. Finally, we found that S100a10-/- neutrophils had stronger function in secretion and synthesis of inflammatory factor. CONCLUSIONS In one word, these results suggest that S100a10 has a role in inhibiting the pathogenesis of ulcerative colitis through regulation of neutrophils function.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Huandi Liu
- Henan Key Laboratory of Immunology and Targeted Drugs, School of Medical Technology, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan, China; Henan Collaborative Innovation Center of Molecular Diagnosis and Laboratory Medicine, School of Medical Technology, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan, China
| | - Jiaxiang Sun
- Henan Key Laboratory of Immunology and Targeted Drugs, School of Medical Technology, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan, China; Henan Collaborative Innovation Center of Molecular Diagnosis and Laboratory Medicine, School of Medical Technology, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan, China
| | - Zhihui Wang
- Henan Key Laboratory of Immunology and Targeted Drugs, School of Medical Technology, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan, China; Henan Collaborative Innovation Center of Molecular Diagnosis and Laboratory Medicine, School of Medical Technology, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan, China
| | - Rui Han
- Henan Key Laboratory of Immunology and Targeted Drugs, School of Medical Technology, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan, China; Henan Collaborative Innovation Center of Molecular Diagnosis and Laboratory Medicine, School of Medical Technology, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan, China
| | - Yuxin Zhao
- Henan Key Laboratory of Immunology and Targeted Drugs, School of Medical Technology, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan, China; Morphologic Center of College of Basic Medicine, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, China
| | - Yunwei Lou
- Henan Key Laboratory of Immunology and Targeted Drugs, School of Medical Technology, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan, China; Henan Collaborative Innovation Center of Molecular Diagnosis and Laboratory Medicine, School of Medical Technology, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan, China
| | - Hui Wang
- Henan Key Laboratory of Immunology and Targeted Drugs, School of Medical Technology, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan, China; Henan Collaborative Innovation Center of Molecular Diagnosis and Laboratory Medicine, School of Medical Technology, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan, China.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Li C, Hendrikse NW, Argall-Knapp Z, Mai M, Kim JS. In Vitro Neutrophil-Bacteria Assay in Whole Blood Microenvironments with Single-Cell Confinement. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.01.22.576723. [PMID: 38328183 PMCID: PMC10849536 DOI: 10.1101/2024.01.22.576723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/09/2024]
Abstract
Blood is a common medium through which invasive bacterial infections disseminate in the human body. In vitro neutrophil-bacteria assays allow flexible mechanistic studies and screening of interventional strategies. In standard neutrophil-bacteria assays, both the immune cells and microorganisms are typically interrogated in an exogenous, homogeneous, bulk fluid environment (e.g., culture media or bacterial broth in microtiter plates), lacking the relevant physicochemical factors in the heterogenous blood-tissue microenvironment (e.g., capillary bed) with single-cell confinement. Here we present an in vitro neutrophil-bacteria assay by leveraging an open microfluidic model known as "μ-Blood" that supports sub-microliter liquid microchannels with single-cell confinement. In this study we compare the exogenous and endogenous fluids including neutrophils in RPMI (standard suspension cell culture media) and whole blood in response to Staphylococcus aureus ( S. aureus , a gram-positive, non-motile bacterium) in phosphate buffered saline (PBS), Mueller Hinton Broth (MHB), and human serum. Our results reveal a significant disparity between the exogenous and endogenous fluid microenvironments in the growth kinetics of bacteria, the spontaneous generation of capillary (i.e., Marangoni) flow, and the outcome of neutrophil intervention on the spreading bacteria.
Collapse
|
9
|
Bleuzé M, Lavoie JP, Bédard C, Gottschalk M, Segura M. Encapsulated Streptococcus suis impairs optimal neutrophil functions which are not rescued by priming with colony-stimulating factors. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0296844. [PMID: 38261585 PMCID: PMC10805302 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0296844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2023] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/25/2024] Open
Abstract
The porcine pathogen and zoonotic agent Streptococcus suis induces an exacerbated inflammation in the infected hosts that leads to sepsis, meningitis, and sudden death. Several virulence factors were described for S. suis of which the capsular polysaccharide (CPS) conceals it from the immune system, and the suilysin exhibits cytotoxic activity. Although neutrophils are recruited rapidly upon S. suis infection, their microbicidal functions appear to be poorly activated against the bacteria. However, during disease, the inflammatory environment could promote neutrophil activation as mediators such as the granulocyte colony-stimulating factor granulocyte (G-CSF) and the granulocyte-macrophages colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) prime neutrophils and enhance their responsiveness to bacterial detection. Thus, we hypothesized that CPS and suilysin prevent an efficient activation of neutrophils by S. suis, but that G-CSF and GM-CSF rescue neutrophil activation, leading to S. suis elimination. We evaluated the functions of porcine neutrophils in vitro in response to S. suis and investigated the role of the CPS and suilysin on cell activation using isogenic mutants of the bacteria. We also studied the influence of G-CSF and GM-CSF on neutrophil response to S. suis by priming the cells with recombinant proteins. Our study confirmed that CPS prevents S. suis-induced activation of most neutrophil functions but participates in the release of neutrophil-extracellular traps (NETs). Priming with G-CSF did not influence cell activation, but GM-CSF strongly promote IL-8 release, indicating its involvement in immunomodulation. However, priming did not enhance microbicidal functions. Studying the interaction between S. suis and neutrophils-first responders in host defense-remains fundamental to understand the immunopathogenesis of the infection and to develop therapeutical strategies related to neutrophils' defense against this bacterium.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marêva Bleuzé
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Research Group on Infectious Diseases in Production Animals (GREMIP) & Swine and Poultry Infectious Diseases Research Center (CRIPA), Université de Montréal, St-Hyacinthe, Quebec, Canada
| | - Jean-Pierre Lavoie
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences, Université de Montréal, St-Hyacinthe, Quebec, Canada
| | - Christian Bédard
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Pathology and Microbiology, Université de Montréal, St-Hyacinthe, Quebec, Canada
| | - Marcelo Gottschalk
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Research Group on Infectious Diseases in Production Animals (GREMIP) & Swine and Poultry Infectious Diseases Research Center (CRIPA), Université de Montréal, St-Hyacinthe, Quebec, Canada
| | - Mariela Segura
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Research Group on Infectious Diseases in Production Animals (GREMIP) & Swine and Poultry Infectious Diseases Research Center (CRIPA), Université de Montréal, St-Hyacinthe, Quebec, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Wells M, Mikesh M, Gordon V. Structure-preserving fixation allows scanning electron microscopy to reveal biofilm microstructure and interactions with immune cells. J Microsc 2024; 293:59-68. [PMID: 38098170 PMCID: PMC10764082 DOI: 10.1111/jmi.13252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Revised: 11/27/2023] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a pathogen that forms robust biofilms which are commonly associated with chronic infections and cannot be successfully cleared by the immune system. Neutrophils, the most common white blood cells, target infections with pathogen-killing mechanisms that are rendered largely ineffective by the protective physicochemical structure of a biofilm. Visualisation of the complex interactions between immune cells and biofilms will advance understanding of how biofilms evade the immune system and could aid in developing treatment methods that promote immune clearance with minimal harm to the host. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) distinguishes itself as a powerful, high-resolution tool for obtaining strikingly clear and detailed topographical images. However, taking full advantage of SEM's potential for high-resolution imaging requires that the fixation process simultaneously preserve both intricate biofilm architecture and the morphologies and structural signatures characterising neutrophils responses at an infection site. Standard aldehyde-based fixation techniques result in significant loss of biofilm matrix material and morphologies of responding immune cells, thereby obscuring the details of immune interactions with the biofilm matrix. Here we show an improved fixation technique using the cationic dye alcian blue to preserve and visualise neutrophil interactions with the three-dimensional architecture of P. aeruginosa biofilms. We also demonstrate that this technique better preserves structures of biofilms grown from two other bacterial species, Klebsiella pneumoniae and Burkholderia thailandensis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marilyn Wells
- Department of Physics, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas, USA
- Center for Nonlinear Dynamics, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas, USA
| | - Michelle Mikesh
- Center for Biomedical Research Support, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas, USA
| | - Vernita Gordon
- Department of Physics, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas, USA
- Center for Nonlinear Dynamics, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas, USA
- Interdisciplinary Life Sciences Graduate Program, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas, USA
- LaMontagne Center for Infectious Disease, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas, USA
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Ayadi I, Lamrabet O, Munoz-Ruiz R, Jauslin T, Guilhen C, Cosson P. Extracellular and intracellular destruction of Pseudomonas aeruginosa by Dictyostelium discoideum phagocytes mobilize different antibacterial mechanisms. Mol Microbiol 2024; 121:69-84. [PMID: 38017607 DOI: 10.1111/mmi.15197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2023] [Revised: 11/13/2023] [Accepted: 11/13/2023] [Indexed: 11/30/2023]
Abstract
Ingestion and killing of bacteria by phagocytic cells are critical processes to protect the human body from bacterial infections. In addition, some immune cells (neutrophils, NK cells) can release microbicidal molecules in the extracellular medium to eliminate non-ingested microorganism. Molecular mechanisms involved in the resulting intracellular and extracellular killing are still poorly understood. In this study, we used the amoeba Dictyostelium discoideum as a model phagocyte to investigate the mechanisms allowing intracellular and extracellular killing of Pseudomonas aeruginosa. When a D. discoideum cell establishes a close contact with a P. aeruginosa bacterium, it can either ingest it and kill it in phagosomes, or kill it extracellularly, allowing a direct side-by-side comparison of these two killing modalities. Efficient intracellular destruction of P. aeruginosa requires the presence of the Kil2 pump in the phagosomal membrane. On the contrary, extracellular lysis is independent on Kil2 but requires the expression of the superoxide-producing protein NoxA, and the extracellular release of the AplA bacteriolytic protein. These results shed new light on the molecular mechanisms allowing elimination of P. aeruginosa bacteria by phagocytic cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Imen Ayadi
- Department of Cell Physiology and Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Otmane Lamrabet
- Department of Cell Physiology and Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Raphael Munoz-Ruiz
- Department of Cell Physiology and Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Tania Jauslin
- Department of Cell Physiology and Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Cyril Guilhen
- Department of Cell Physiology and Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Pierre Cosson
- Department of Cell Physiology and Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Wells MJ, Currie H, Gordon VD. Physiological Concentrations of Calcium Interact with Alginate and Extracellular DNA in the Matrices of Pseudomonas aeruginosa Biofilms to Impede Phagocytosis by Neutrophils. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2023; 39:17050-17058. [PMID: 37972353 PMCID: PMC10764079 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.3c01637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Abstract
Biofilms are communities of interacting microbes embedded in a matrix of polymer, protein, and other materials. Biofilms develop distinct mechanical characteristics that depend on their predominant matrix components. These matrix components may be produced by microbes themselves or, for infections in vivo, incorporated from the host environment. Pseudomonas aeruginosa (P. aeruginosa) is a human pathogen that forms robust biofilms that extensively tolerate antibiotics and effectively evade clearance by the immune system. Two of the important bacterial-produced polymers in the matrices of P. aeruginosa biofilms are alginate and extracellular DNA (eDNA), both of which are anionic and therefore have the potential to interact electrostatically with cations. Many physiological sites of infection contain significant concentrations of the calcium ion (Ca2+). In this study, we investigate the structural and mechanical impacts of Ca2+ supplementation in alginate-dominated biofilms grown in vitro, and we evaluate the impact of targeted enzyme treatments on clearance by immune cells. We use multiple-particle tracking microrheology to evaluate the changes in biofilm viscoelasticity caused by treatment with alginate lyase or DNase I. For biofilms grown without Ca2+, we correlate a decrease in relative elasticity with increased phagocytic success. However, we find that growth with Ca2+ supplementation disrupts this correlation except in the case where both enzymes are applied. This suggests that the calcium cation may be impacting the microstructure of the biofilm in nontrivial ways. Indeed, confocal laser scanning fluorescence microscopy and scanning electron microscopy reveal unique Ca2+-dependent eDNA and alginate microstructures. Our results suggest that the presence of Ca2+ drives the formation of structurally and compositionally discrete microdomains within the biofilm through electrostatic interactions with the anionic matrix components eDNA and alginate. Further, we observe that these structures serve a protective function as the dissolution of both components is required to render biofilm bacteria vulnerable to phagocytosis by neutrophils.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marilyn J. Wells
- Department of Physics, The University of Texas at Austin, 2515 Speedway, C1600, Austin, Texas 78712-1192, USA
- Center for Nonlinear Dynamics, The University of Texas at Austin, 2515 Speedway, Stop C1610, Austin, Texas 78712-11993, USA
| | - Hailey Currie
- Department of Physics, The University of Texas at Austin, 2515 Speedway, C1600, Austin, Texas 78712-1192, USA
- Center for Nonlinear Dynamics, The University of Texas at Austin, 2515 Speedway, Stop C1610, Austin, Texas 78712-11993, USA
| | - Vernita D. Gordon
- Department of Physics, The University of Texas at Austin, 2515 Speedway, C1600, Austin, Texas 78712-1192, USA
- Center for Nonlinear Dynamics, The University of Texas at Austin, 2515 Speedway, Stop C1610, Austin, Texas 78712-11993, USA
- Interdisciplinary Life Sciences Graduate Program, The University of Texas at Austin, Norman Hackerman Building, 100 East 24th St., NHB 4500, Austin, Texas 78712, USA
- LaMontagne Center for Infectious Disease, The University of Texas at Austin, Neural Molecular Science Building, 2506 Speedway, Stop A5000, Austin, Texas 78712, USA
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Zhang S, Yang H, Wang M, Mantovani D, Yang K, Witte F, Tan L, Yue B, Qu X. Immunomodulatory biomaterials against bacterial infections: Progress, challenges, and future perspectives. Innovation (N Y) 2023; 4:100503. [PMID: 37732016 PMCID: PMC10507240 DOI: 10.1016/j.xinn.2023.100503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2023] [Accepted: 08/24/2023] [Indexed: 09/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Bacterial infectious diseases are one of the leading causes of death worldwide. Even with the use of multiple antibiotic treatment strategies, 4.95 million people died from drug-resistant bacterial infections in 2019. By 2050, the number of deaths will reach 10 million annually. The increasing mortality may be partly due to bacterial heterogeneity in the infection microenvironment, such as drug-resistant bacteria, biofilms, persister cells, intracellular bacteria, and small colony variants. In addition, the complexity of the immune microenvironment at different stages of infection makes biomaterials with direct antimicrobial activity unsatisfactory for the long-term treatment of chronic bacterial infections. The increasing mortality may be partly attributed to the biomaterials failing to modulate the active antimicrobial action of immune cells. Therefore, there is an urgent need for effective alternatives to treat bacterial infections. Accordingly, the development of immunomodulatory antimicrobial biomaterials has recently received considerable interest; however, a comprehensive review of their research progress is lacking. In this review, we focus mainly on the research progress and future perspectives of immunomodulatory antimicrobial biomaterials used at different stages of infection. First, we describe the characteristics of the immune microenvironment in the acute and chronic phases of bacterial infections. Then, we highlight the immunomodulatory strategies for antimicrobial biomaterials at different stages of infection and their corresponding advantages and disadvantages. Moreover, we discuss biomaterial-mediated bacterial vaccines' potential applications and challenges for activating innate and adaptive immune memory. This review will serve as a reference for future studies to develop next-generation immunomodulatory biomaterials and accelerate their translation into clinical practice.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shutao Zhang
- Department of Bone and Joint Surgery, Department of Orthopedics, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200001, China
| | - Hongtao Yang
- School of Engineering Medicine, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Minqi Wang
- Department of Bone and Joint Surgery, Department of Orthopedics, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200001, China
| | - Diego Mantovani
- Laboratory for Biomaterials and Bioengineering, Canada Research Chair I in Biomaterials and Bioengineering for the Innovation in Surgery, Department of Min-Met-Materials Engineering, Research Center of CHU de Quebec, Division of Regenerative Medicine, Laval University, Quebec City, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Ke Yang
- Institute of Metal Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Frank Witte
- Department of Prosthodontics, Geriatric Dentistry and Craniomandibular Disorders, Charite Medical University, Assmannshauser Strasse 4–6, 14197 Berlin, Germany
| | - Lili Tan
- Institute of Metal Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Bing Yue
- Department of Bone and Joint Surgery, Department of Orthopedics, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200001, China
| | - Xinhua Qu
- Department of Bone and Joint Surgery, Department of Orthopedics, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200001, China
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Wells MJ, Currie H, Gordon VD. Physiological concentrations of calcium interact with alginate and extracellular DNA in the matrices of Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilms to impede phagocytosis by neutrophils. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.10.23.563605. [PMID: 37961083 PMCID: PMC10634743 DOI: 10.1101/2023.10.23.563605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2023]
Abstract
Biofilms are communities of interacting microbes embedded in a matrix of polymer, protein, and other materials. Biofilms develop distinct mechanical characteristics that depend on their predominant matrix components. These matrix components may be produced by microbes themselves or, for infections in vivo, incorporated from the host environment. Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a human pathogen that forms robust biofilms that extensively tolerate antibiotics and effectively evade clearance by the immune system. Two of the important bacterial-produced polymers in the matrices of P. aeruginosa biofilms are alginate and extracellular DNA (eDNA), both of which are anionic and therefore have the potential to interact electrostatically with cations. Many physiological sites of infection contain significant concentrations of the calcium ion (Ca2+). In this study we investigate the structural and mechanical impacts of Ca2+ supplementation in alginate-dominated biofilms grown in vitro and we evaluate the impact of targeted enzyme treatments on clearance by immune cells. We use multiple particle tracking microrheology to evaluate the changes in biofilm viscoelasticity caused by treatment with alginate lyase and/or DNAse I. For biofilms grown without Ca2+, we correlate a decrease in relative elasticity with increased phagocytic success. However, we find that growth with Ca2+ supplementation disrupts this correlation except in the case where both enzymes are applied. This suggests that the calcium cation may be impacting the microstructure of the biofilm in non-trivial ways. Indeed, confocal laser scanning fluorescence microscopy and scanning electron microscopy reveal unique Ca2+-dependent eDNA and alginate microstructures. Our results suggest that the presence of Ca2+ drives the formation of structurally and compositionally discrete microdomains within the biofilm through electrostatic interactions with the anionic matrix components eDNA and alginate. Further, we observe that these structures serve a protective function as the dissolution of both components is required to render biofilm bacteria vulnerable to phagocytosis by neutrophils.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marilyn J. Wells
- Department of Physics, The University of Texas at Austin, 2515 Speedway, C1600, Austin, Texas 78712-1192, USA
- Center for Nonlinear Dynamics, The University of Texas at Austin, 2515 Speedway, Stop C1610, Austin, Texas 78712-11993, USA
| | - Hailey Currie
- Department of Physics, The University of Texas at Austin, 2515 Speedway, C1600, Austin, Texas 78712-1192, USA
- Center for Nonlinear Dynamics, The University of Texas at Austin, 2515 Speedway, Stop C1610, Austin, Texas 78712-11993, USA
| | - Vernita D. Gordon
- Department of Physics, The University of Texas at Austin, 2515 Speedway, C1600, Austin, Texas 78712-1192, USA
- Center for Nonlinear Dynamics, The University of Texas at Austin, 2515 Speedway, Stop C1610, Austin, Texas 78712-11993, USA
- Interdisciplinary Life Sciences Graduate Program, The University of Texas at Austin, Norman Hackerman Building, 100 East 24th St., NHB 4500, Austin, Texas 78712, USA
- LaMontagne Center for Infectious Disease, The University of Texas at Austin, Neural Molecular Science Building, 2506 Speedway, Stop A5000, Austin, Texas 78712, USA
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Wang F, Peters R, Jia J, Mudd M, Salemi M, Allers L, Javed R, Duque TLA, Paddar MA, Trosdal ES, Phinney B, Deretic V. ATG5 provides host protection acting as a switch in the atg8ylation cascade between autophagy and secretion. Dev Cell 2023; 58:866-884.e8. [PMID: 37054706 PMCID: PMC10205698 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2023.03.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2022] [Revised: 01/26/2023] [Accepted: 03/20/2023] [Indexed: 04/15/2023]
Abstract
ATG5 is a part of the E3 ligase directing lipidation of ATG8 proteins, a process central to membrane atg8ylation and canonical autophagy. Loss of Atg5 in myeloid cells causes early mortality in murine models of tuberculosis. This in vivo phenotype is specific to ATG5. Here, we show using human cell lines that absence of ATG5, but not of other ATGs directing canonical autophagy, promotes lysosomal exocytosis and secretion of extracellular vesicles and, in murine Atg5fl/fl LysM-Cre neutrophils, their excessive degranulation. This is due to lysosomal disrepair in ATG5 knockout cells and the sequestration by an alternative conjugation complex, ATG12-ATG3, of ESCRT protein ALIX, which acts in membrane repair and exosome secretion. These findings reveal a previously undescribed function of ATG5 in its host-protective role in murine experimental models of tuberculosis and emphasize the significance of the branching aspects of the atg8ylation conjugation cascade beyond the canonical autophagy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fulong Wang
- Autophagy, Inflammation and Metabolism Center of Biochemical Research Excellence, University of New Mexico School of Medicine, 915 Camino de Salud, NE, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA; Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, University of New Mexico School of Medicine, 915 Camino de Salud, NE, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA
| | - Ryan Peters
- Autophagy, Inflammation and Metabolism Center of Biochemical Research Excellence, University of New Mexico School of Medicine, 915 Camino de Salud, NE, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA; Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, University of New Mexico School of Medicine, 915 Camino de Salud, NE, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA
| | - Jingyue Jia
- Autophagy, Inflammation and Metabolism Center of Biochemical Research Excellence, University of New Mexico School of Medicine, 915 Camino de Salud, NE, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA; Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, University of New Mexico School of Medicine, 915 Camino de Salud, NE, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA
| | - Michal Mudd
- Autophagy, Inflammation and Metabolism Center of Biochemical Research Excellence, University of New Mexico School of Medicine, 915 Camino de Salud, NE, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA; Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, University of New Mexico School of Medicine, 915 Camino de Salud, NE, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA
| | - Michelle Salemi
- Proteomics Core Facility, UC Davis Genome Center, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Lee Allers
- Autophagy, Inflammation and Metabolism Center of Biochemical Research Excellence, University of New Mexico School of Medicine, 915 Camino de Salud, NE, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA; Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, University of New Mexico School of Medicine, 915 Camino de Salud, NE, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA
| | - Ruheena Javed
- Autophagy, Inflammation and Metabolism Center of Biochemical Research Excellence, University of New Mexico School of Medicine, 915 Camino de Salud, NE, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA; Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, University of New Mexico School of Medicine, 915 Camino de Salud, NE, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA
| | - Thabata L A Duque
- Autophagy, Inflammation and Metabolism Center of Biochemical Research Excellence, University of New Mexico School of Medicine, 915 Camino de Salud, NE, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA; Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, University of New Mexico School of Medicine, 915 Camino de Salud, NE, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA
| | - Masroor A Paddar
- Autophagy, Inflammation and Metabolism Center of Biochemical Research Excellence, University of New Mexico School of Medicine, 915 Camino de Salud, NE, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA; Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, University of New Mexico School of Medicine, 915 Camino de Salud, NE, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA
| | - Einar S Trosdal
- Autophagy, Inflammation and Metabolism Center of Biochemical Research Excellence, University of New Mexico School of Medicine, 915 Camino de Salud, NE, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA; Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, University of New Mexico School of Medicine, 915 Camino de Salud, NE, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA
| | - Brett Phinney
- Proteomics Core Facility, UC Davis Genome Center, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Vojo Deretic
- Autophagy, Inflammation and Metabolism Center of Biochemical Research Excellence, University of New Mexico School of Medicine, 915 Camino de Salud, NE, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA; Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, University of New Mexico School of Medicine, 915 Camino de Salud, NE, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Rustetska N, Szczepaniak M, Goryca K, Bakuła-Zalewska E, Figat M, Kowalik A, Góźdź S, Kowalewska M. The intratumour microbiota and neutrophilic inflammation in squamous cell vulvar carcinoma microenvironment. J Transl Med 2023; 21:285. [PMID: 37118737 PMCID: PMC10141905 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-023-04113-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2022] [Accepted: 04/09/2023] [Indexed: 04/30/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND A causal link between microbiota composition (dysbiosis) and oncogenesis has been demonstrated for several types of cancer. Neutrophils play a role in both immune protection against bacterial threats and carcinogenesis. This study aimed to characterise intratumoral bacteria in vulvar squamous cell carcinoma (VSCC) and their putative effect on neutrophil recruitment and cancer progression. METHODS Clinical material was obtained from 89 patients with VSCC. Next-generation sequencing (NGS) of 16S rRNA and quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) were used to detect bacterial species in VSCC. To verify neutrophil activation, CD66b expression in tumour specimens was analysed by immunohistochemistry (IHC). Subsequently, IHC was applied to detect the main neutrophil serine proteases (NSPs), cathepsin G (CTSG), neutrophil elastase (ELANE), and proteinase 3 (PRTN3) in VSCC. RESULTS Fusobacterium nucleatum and Pseudomonas aeruginosa were identified as tumour-promoting bacteria, and their presence was found to be associated with a shorter time to progression in VSCC patients. Furthermore, high abundance of CD66b, the neutrophil activation marker, in VSCC samples, was found to relate to poor survival of patients with VSCC. The selected NSPs were shown to be expressed in vulvar tumours, also within microabscess. The increased numbers of microabscesess were correlated with poor survival in VSCC patients. CONCLUSIONS Our results show that neutrophilic inflammation seem to be permissive for tumour-promoting bacteria growth in VSCC. The findings provide new therapeutic opportunities, such as based on shifting the balance of neutrophil populations to those with antitumorigenic activity and on targeting NSPs produced by activated neutrophils at the inflammation sites.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Rustetska
- Department of Molecular and Translational Oncology, Maria Sklodowska-Curie National Research Institute of Oncology, 02-781, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Magdalena Szczepaniak
- Department of Molecular Diagnostics, Holycross Cancer Centre, 25-734, Kielce, Poland
| | - Krzysztof Goryca
- Genomics Core Facility, Centre of New Technologies, University of Warsaw, 02-097, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Elwira Bakuła-Zalewska
- Department of Pathology, Maria Sklodowska-Curie National Research Institute of Oncology, 02-781, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Małgorzata Figat
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Maria Sklodowska-Curie National Research Institute of Oncology, 02-097, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Artur Kowalik
- Department of Molecular Diagnostics, Holycross Cancer Centre, 25-734, Kielce, Poland
- Division of Medical Biology, Institute of Biology, Jan Kochanowski University, 25-406, Kielce, Poland
| | - Stanisław Góźdź
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Holycross Cancer Centre, 25-734, Kielce, Poland
- Collegium Medicum, Jan Kochanowski University, 25-317, Kielce, Poland
| | - Magdalena Kowalewska
- Department of Molecular and Translational Oncology, Maria Sklodowska-Curie National Research Institute of Oncology, 02-781, Warsaw, Poland.
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Roszkowiak J, McClean S, Mirończuk AM, Augustyniak D. The Direct Anti-Virulence but Not Bactericidal Activity of Human Neutrophil Elastase against Moraxella catarrhalis. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24076607. [PMID: 37047578 PMCID: PMC10094786 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24076607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2023] [Revised: 03/18/2023] [Accepted: 03/27/2023] [Indexed: 04/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Neutrophil elastase (NE) contributes to innate antibacterial defense at both the intracellular (phagocytosis) and extracellular (degranulation, NETosis) levels. Moraxella catarrhalis, a human respiratory pathogen, can exist in an inflammatory milieu which contains NE. No data are available on the action of NE against M. catarrhalis or on the counteraction of NE-dependent host defenses by this pathogen. Using time-kill assays we found that bacteria are able to survive and replicate in the presence of NE. Transmission electron microscopy and flow cytometry studies with NE-treated bacteria revealed that while NE admittedly destabilizes the outer membrane leaflet, it does not cause cytoplasmic membrane rupture, suggesting that the enzyme does not target components that are essential for cell integrity. Using LC-MS/MS spectroscopy we determined that NE cleaved at least three virulent surface proteins in outer membrane vesicles (OMVs) of M. catarrhalis, including OMP CD, McaP, and TbpA. The cleavage of OMP CD contributes to the significant decrease in resistance to serum complement in the complement-resistant strain Mc6. The cleavage of McaP did not cause any sensitization to erythromycin nor did NE disturb its drug action. Identifying NE as a novel but subtle anti-virulence agent together with its extracellularly not-efficient bactericidal activity against M. catarrhalis may facilitate the pathogen’s existence in the airways under inflammation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Justyna Roszkowiak
- Department of Pathogen Biology and Immunology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Wroclaw, 51-148 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Siobhán McClean
- School of Biomolecular and Biomedical Sciences and Conway Institute of Biomolecular and Biomedical Research, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, D04 V1W8 Dublin, Ireland
| | - Aleksandra M. Mirończuk
- Laboratory for Biosustainability, Institute of Environmental Biology, Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences, 51-631 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Daria Augustyniak
- Department of Pathogen Biology and Immunology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Wroclaw, 51-148 Wroclaw, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Askri D, Straw EA, Arafah K, Voisin SN, Bocquet M, Brown MJF, Bulet P. Parasite and Pesticide Impacts on the Bumblebee (Bombus terrestris) Haemolymph Proteome. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24065384. [PMID: 36982462 PMCID: PMC10049270 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24065384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2023] [Revised: 03/04/2023] [Accepted: 03/08/2023] [Indexed: 03/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Pesticides pose a potential threat to bee health, especially in combination with other stressors, such as parasites. However, pesticide risk assessment tests pesticides in isolation from other stresses, i.e., on otherwise healthy bees. Through molecular analysis, the specific impacts of a pesticide or its interaction with another stressor can be elucidated. Molecular mass profiling by MALDI BeeTyping® was used on bee haemolymph to explore the signature of pesticidal and parasitic stressor impacts. This approach was complemented by bottom-up proteomics to investigate the modulation of the haemoproteome. We tested acute oral doses of three pesticides—glyphosate, Amistar and sulfoxaflor—on the bumblebee Bombus terrestris, alongside the gut parasite Crithidia bombi. We found no impact of any pesticide on parasite intensity and no impact of sulfoxaflor or glyphosate on survival or weight change. Amistar caused weight loss and 19–41% mortality. Haemoproteome analysis showed various protein dysregulations. The major pathways dysregulated were those involved in insect defences and immune responses, with Amistar having the strongest impact on these dysregulated pathways. Our results show that even when no response can be seen at a whole organism level, MALDI BeeTyping® can detect effects. Mass spectrometry analysis of bee haemolymph provides a pertinent tool to evaluate stressor impacts on bee health, even at the level of individuals.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dalel Askri
- Plateforme BioPark d’Archamps, 74160 Archamps, France
- Correspondence:
| | - Edward A. Straw
- Centre for Ecology, Evolution & Behaviour, Department of Biological Sciences, School for Life Sciences and the Environment, Royal Holloway University of London, Egham TW20 0EX, UK
- Department of Botany, School of Natural Sciences, Trinity College Dublin, D02 PN40 Dublin, Ireland
| | - Karim Arafah
- Plateforme BioPark d’Archamps, 74160 Archamps, France
| | - Sébastien N. Voisin
- Plateforme BioPark d’Archamps, 74160 Archamps, France
- Phylogene S.A. 62 RN113, 30620 Bernis, France
| | | | - Mark J. F. Brown
- Centre for Ecology, Evolution & Behaviour, Department of Biological Sciences, School for Life Sciences and the Environment, Royal Holloway University of London, Egham TW20 0EX, UK
| | - Philippe Bulet
- CR, University Grenoble Alpes, IAB Inserm 1209, CNRS UMR5309, 38000 Grenoble, France
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Lin B, Ma J, Fang Y, Lei P, Wang L, Qu L, Wu W, Jin L, Sun D. Advances in Zebrafish for Diabetes Mellitus with Wound Model. Bioengineering (Basel) 2023; 10:bioengineering10030330. [PMID: 36978721 PMCID: PMC10044998 DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering10030330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2023] [Revised: 03/01/2023] [Accepted: 03/04/2023] [Indexed: 03/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetic foot ulcers cause great suffering and are costly for the healthcare system. Normal wound healing involves hemostasis, inflammation, proliferation, and remodeling. However, the negative factors associated with diabetes, such as bacterial biofilms, persistent inflammation, impaired angiogenesis, inhibited cell proliferation, and pathological scarring, greatly interfere with the smooth progress of the entire healing process. It is this impaired wound healing that leads to diabetic foot ulcers and even amputations. Therefore, drug screening is challenging due to the complexity of damaged healing mechanisms. The establishment of a scientific and reasonable animal experimental model contributes significantly to the in-depth research of diabetic wound pathology, prevention, diagnosis, and treatment. In addition to the low cost and transparency of the embryo (for imaging transgene applications), zebrafish have a discrete wound healing process for the separate study of each stage, resulting in their potential as the ideal model animal for diabetic wound healing in the future. In this review, we examine the reasons behind the delayed healing of diabetic wounds, systematically review various studies using zebrafish as a diabetic wound model by different induction methods, as well as summarize the challenges and improvement strategies which provide references for establishing a more reasonable diabetic wound zebrafish model.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bangchang Lin
- Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310000, China
| | - Jiahui Ma
- Institute of Life Sciences & Biomedical Collaborative Innovation Center of Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou 325035, China
| | - Yimeng Fang
- Institute of Life Sciences & Biomedical Collaborative Innovation Center of Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou 325035, China
| | - Pengyu Lei
- Institute of Life Sciences & Biomedical Collaborative Innovation Center of Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou 325035, China
| | - Lei Wang
- Institute of Life Sciences & Biomedical Collaborative Innovation Center of Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou 325035, China
| | - Linkai Qu
- Institute of Life Sciences & Biomedical Collaborative Innovation Center of Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou 325035, China
| | - Wei Wu
- Key Laboratory for Biorheological Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Vascular Implants, Bioengineering College of Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China
- Correspondence: (W.W.); (L.J.); (D.S.)
| | - Libo Jin
- Institute of Life Sciences & Biomedical Collaborative Innovation Center of Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou 325035, China
- Wenzhou City and WenZhouOuTai Medical Laboratory Co., Ltd. Joint Doctoral Innovation Station, Wenzhou Association for Science and Technology, Wenzhou 325000, China
- Correspondence: (W.W.); (L.J.); (D.S.)
| | - Da Sun
- Institute of Life Sciences & Biomedical Collaborative Innovation Center of Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou 325035, China
- Correspondence: (W.W.); (L.J.); (D.S.)
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Siwicki M, Kubes P. Neutrophils in host defense, healing, and hypersensitivity: Dynamic cells within a dynamic host. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2023; 151:634-655. [PMID: 36642653 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2022.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2022] [Revised: 11/11/2022] [Accepted: 12/02/2022] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Neutrophils are cells of the innate immune system that are extremely abundant in vivo and respond quickly to infection, injury, and inflammation. Their constant circulation throughout the body makes them some of the first responders to infection, and indeed they play a critical role in host defense against bacterial and fungal pathogens. It is now appreciated that neutrophils also play an important role in tissue healing after injury. Their short life cycle, rapid response kinetics, and vast numbers make neutrophils a highly dynamic and potentially extremely influential cell population. It has become clear that they are highly integrated with other cells of the immune system and can thus exert critical effects on the course of an inflammatory response; they can further impact tissue homeostasis and recovery after challenge. In this review, we discuss the fundamentals of neutrophils in host defense and healing; we explore the relationship between neutrophils and the dynamic host environment, including circadian cycles and the microbiome; we survey the field of neutrophils in asthma and allergy; and we consider the question of neutrophil heterogeneity-namely, whether there could be specific subsets of neutrophils that perform different functions in vivo.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marie Siwicki
- Immunology Research Group, Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Paul Kubes
- Immunology Research Group, Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Uriarte SM, Hajishengallis G. Neutrophils in the periodontium: Interactions with pathogens and roles in tissue homeostasis and inflammation. Immunol Rev 2023; 314:93-110. [PMID: 36271881 PMCID: PMC10049968 DOI: 10.1111/imr.13152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Neutrophils are of key importance in periodontal health and disease. In their absence or when they are functionally defective, as occurs in certain congenital disorders, affected individuals develop severe forms of periodontitis in early age. These observations imply that the presence of immune-competent neutrophils is essential to homeostasis. However, the presence of supernumerary or hyper-responsive neutrophils, either because of systemic priming or innate immune training, leads to imbalanced host-microbe interactions in the periodontium that culminate in dysbiosis and inflammatory tissue breakdown. These disease-provoking imbalanced interactions are further exacerbated by periodontal pathogens capable of subverting neutrophil responses to their microbial community's benefit and the host's detriment. This review attempts a synthesis of these findings for an integrated view of the neutrophils' ambivalent role in periodontal disease and, moreover, discusses how some of these concepts underpin the development of novel therapeutic approaches to treat periodontal disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Silvia M. Uriarte
- Department of Oral Immunology and Infectious Diseases, School of Dentistry, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - George Hajishengallis
- Department of Basic and Translational Sciences, Laboratory of Innate Immunity and Inflammation, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Skinner DD, Syage AR, Olivarria GM, Stone C, Hoglin B, Lane TE. Sustained Infiltration of Neutrophils Into the CNS Results in Increased Demyelination in a Viral-Induced Model of Multiple Sclerosis. Front Immunol 2022; 13:931388. [PMID: 36248905 PMCID: PMC9562915 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.931388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2022] [Accepted: 08/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Intracranial inoculation of the neuroadapted JHM strain of mouse hepatitis virus (JHMV) into susceptible strains of mice results in acute encephalomyelitis followed by a cimmune-mediated demyelination similar to the human demyelinating disease multiple sclerosis (MS). JHMV infection of transgenic mice in which expression of the neutrophil chemoattractant chemokine CXCL1 is under the control of a tetracycline-inducible promoter active within GFAP-positive cells results in sustained neutrophil infiltration in the central nervous system (CNS) that correlates with an increase in spinal cord demyelination. We used single cell RNA sequencing (scRNAseq) and flow cytometry to characterize molecular and cellular changes within the CNS associated with increased demyelination in transgenic mice compared to control animals. These approaches revealed the presence of activated neutrophils as determined by expression of mRNA transcripts associated with neutrophil effector functions, including CD63, MMP9, S100a8, S100a9, and ASPRV1, as well as altered neutrophil morphology and protein expression. Collectively, these findings reveal insight into changes in the profile of neutrophils associated with increased white matter damage in mice persistently infected with a neurotropic coronavirus.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dominic D. Skinner
- Department of Pathology, Division of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, United States
| | - Amber R. Syage
- Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, School of Biological Sciences, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, United States
| | - Gema M. Olivarria
- Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, School of Biological Sciences, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, United States
| | - Colleen Stone
- Department of Pathology, Division of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, United States
| | - Bailey Hoglin
- Department of Pathology, Division of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, United States
| | - Thomas E. Lane
- Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, School of Biological Sciences, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, United States,Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, School of Biological Sciences, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, United States,Center for Virus Research, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, United States,*Correspondence: Thomas E. Lane,
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Lung Adenocarcinoma Cell Sensitivity to Chemotherapies: A Spotlight on Lipid Droplets and SREBF1 Gene. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14184454. [PMID: 36139614 PMCID: PMC9497419 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14184454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2022] [Revised: 09/02/2022] [Accepted: 09/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary The accumulation of lipid droplets (LDs) and the high expression of genes involved in LD formation, such as SREBF1 (sterol regulatory element binding transcription factor 1), are attributed to cancer cell resistance against anticancer drugs and poor prognosis. We assessed lung cancer cells with and without LDs for their sensitivity to chemotherapeutics cisplatin and etoposide. In either serum-free basal medium or inflammatory supernatants generated during neutrophil degranulation in vitro, both drugs strongly reduced SREBF1 expression, which did not parallel with LD formation and cell sensitivity to chemotherapeutics. Nevertheless, under basal conditions, SREBF1 expression in cancer cells correlated with LD levels, and the lower expression of SREBF1 in tumors than in adjacent nontumor tissues showed a prognostic value for overall better survival of patients with non-small-cell lung cancer. Strategies targeting lipid metabolism in cancer are promising therapeutic and/or diagnostic approaches. Abstract To explore the relationship between cancer cell SREBF1 expression, lipid droplets (LDs) formation, and the sensitivity to chemotherapies, we cultured lung adenocarcinoma cells H1299 (with LD) and H1563 (without LD) in a serum-free basal medium (BM) or neutrophil degranulation products containing medium (NDM), and tested cell responses to cisplatin and etoposide. By using the DESeq2 Bioconductor package, we detected 674 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) associated with NDM/BM differences between two cell lines, many of these genes were associated with the regulation of sterol and cholesterol biosynthesis processes. Specifically, SREBF1 markedly declined in both cell lines cultured in NDM or when treated with chemotherapeutics. Despite the latter, H1563 exhibited LD formation and resistance to etoposide, but not to cisplatin. Although H1299 cells preserved LDs, these cells were similarly sensitive to both drugs. In a cohort of 292 patients with non-small-cell lung cancer, a lower SREBF1 expression in tumors than in adjacent nontumor tissue correlated with overall better survival, specifically in patients with adenocarcinoma at stage I. Our findings imply that a direct correlation between SREBF1 and LD accumulation can be lost due to the changes in cancer cell environment and/or chemotherapy. The role of LDs in lung cancer development and response to therapies remains to be examined in more detail.
Collapse
|
24
|
Cao Z, Zhao M, Sun H, Hu L, Chen Y, Fan Z. Roles of mitochondria in neutrophils. Front Immunol 2022; 13:934444. [PMID: 36081497 PMCID: PMC9447286 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.934444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2022] [Accepted: 07/19/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Neutrophils are the most abundant leukocyte in human blood. They are critical for fighting infections and are involved in inflammatory diseases. Mitochondria are indispensable for eukaryotic cells, as they control the biochemical processes of respiration and energy production. Mitochondria in neutrophils have been underestimated since glycolysis is a major metabolic pathway for fuel production in neutrophils. However, several studies have shown that mitochondria are greatly involved in multiple neutrophil functions as well as neutrophil-related diseases. In this review, we focus on how mitochondrial components, metabolism, and related genes regulate neutrophil functions and relevant diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ziming Cao
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, UConn Health, Farmington, CT, United States
| | - Meng Zhao
- Arthritis and Clinical Immunology Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK, United States,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Oklahoma Health Science Center, Oklahoma City, OK, United States
| | - Hao Sun
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Liang Hu
- Academy of Integrative Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yunfeng Chen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and Department of Pathology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, United States
| | - Zhichao Fan
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, UConn Health, Farmington, CT, United States,*Correspondence: Zhichao Fan,
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Neumann A. Rapid release of sepsis markers heparin-binding protein and calprotectin triggered by anaerobic cocci poses an underestimated threat. Anaerobe 2022; 75:102584. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anaerobe.2022.102584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2021] [Revised: 05/02/2022] [Accepted: 05/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
|
26
|
Occurrence of a novel cleavage site for cathepsin G adjacent to the polybasic sequence within the proteolytically sensitive activation loop of the SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant: The amino acid substitution N679K and P681H of the spike protein. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0264723. [PMID: 35436320 PMCID: PMC9015119 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0264723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2021] [Accepted: 02/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The serine proteases neutrophil elastase (NE), proteinase 3 (PR3), cathepsin G (CatG), and neutrophil serine protease 4 (NSP4) are secreted by activated neutrophils as a part of the innate immune response against invading pathogens. However, these serine proteases might be adopted by viruses to mediate viral surface protein priming resulting in host cell entrance and productive infection. Indeed, NE and PR3 hydrolyze the scissile peptide bond within the proteolytically sensitive polybasic sequence of the activation loop of SARS-CoV-2 located at the S1/S2 interface of the Spike (S) protein; an amino acid motif which differs from SARS-CoV-1. The occurrence of novel SARS-CoV-2 variants and substitution of distinct amino acids at the polybasic sequence prompts serious concerns regarding increased transmissibility. We propose that a novel cleavage site by CatG of the Omicron variant and the increased substrate turnover of the Delta variant by furin within the polybasic sequence should be considered for increased transmission of SARS-CoV-2 variants.
Collapse
|
27
|
Wang S, Zhen L, Li X, Fu X, Li P, Zhang D. Search for Key Genes and Functional Pathways of Ulcerative Colitis to Colon Cancer Based on Bioinformatics. Front Oncol 2022; 12:857148. [PMID: 35372018 PMCID: PMC8965385 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.857148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2022] [Accepted: 02/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Ulcerative colitis (UC) is a persistent and diffuse inflammatory disease of the intestine. It is widely prevalent in developed countries. Approximately 30% of patients with UC suffer from widespread and aggressive colitis and are at increased risk of colon cancer. In this study, the genetic features and potential molecular mechanisms shared between UC and colorectal cancer were investigated. The datasets from GEO and TCGA were analyzed to obtain differentially expressed genes, of which there were 116 overlapping genes. A module containing 15 genes was obtained using String and Cytoscape to analyze the module and identify hub genes. Weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) was used to identify co-expression modules associated with UC and colon cancer, with 52 overlapping genes. Functional clustering of the two gene cohorts was performed using the Metascape online tool, with three significant functions or pathways associated with both gene cohorts. A total of 19 key genes were included, and CCT2 was identified after expression and survival analyses. CCT2 is highly expressed in colon cancer and lowly expressed in UC, and its low expression is associated with a poor prognostic ratio. This study reveals, for the first time, that CCT2 may be a promoter of UC transformation into colon cancer and identifies new gene candidates that could be used as biomarkers or potential therapeutic targets.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shengbao Wang
- Emergency Center, Gansu Emergency Medicine Clinical Research Center,Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, China
| | - Lingling Zhen
- Infectious Department, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, China
| | - Xiaoli Li
- Digestive Department, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, China
| | - Xu Fu
- Key Laboratory of Emergency Medicine, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, China
| | - Peiwu Li
- Emergency Center, Gansu Emergency Medicine Clinical Research Center,Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, China
| | - Dekui Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Key Laboratory of Digestive Diseases Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Mun Y, Hwang JS, Shin YJ. Role of Neutrophils on the Ocular Surface. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:10386. [PMID: 34638724 PMCID: PMC8508808 DOI: 10.3390/ijms221910386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2021] [Revised: 09/16/2021] [Accepted: 09/23/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The ocular surface is a gateway that contacts the outside and receives stimulation from the outside. The corneal innate immune system is composed of many types of cells, including epithelial cells, fibroblasts, natural killer cells, macrophages, neutrophils, dendritic cells, mast cells, basophils, eosinophils, mucin, and lysozyme. Neutrophil infiltration and degranulation occur on the ocular surface. Degranulation, neutrophil extracellular traps formation, called NETosis, and autophagy in neutrophils are involved in the pathogenesis of ocular surface diseases. It is necessary to understand the role of neutrophils on the ocular surface. Furthermore, there is a need for research on therapeutic agents targeting neutrophils and neutrophil extracellular trap formation for ocular surface diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yongseok Mun
- Department of Ophthalmology, Hallym University Medical Center, Hallym University College of Medicine, Seoul 07442, Korea; (Y.M.); (J.S.H.)
- Hallym BioEyeTech Research Center, Hallym University College of Medicine, Seoul 07442, Korea
| | - Jin Sun Hwang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Hallym University Medical Center, Hallym University College of Medicine, Seoul 07442, Korea; (Y.M.); (J.S.H.)
- Hallym BioEyeTech Research Center, Hallym University College of Medicine, Seoul 07442, Korea
| | - Young Joo Shin
- Department of Ophthalmology, Hallym University Medical Center, Hallym University College of Medicine, Seoul 07442, Korea; (Y.M.); (J.S.H.)
- Hallym BioEyeTech Research Center, Hallym University College of Medicine, Seoul 07442, Korea
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Koziel J, Lech M. Small but potent: GTPases as novel players on the neutrophils autophagy market. J Leukoc Biol 2021; 110:613-615. [PMID: 34288101 DOI: 10.1002/jlb.3ce0521-247r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Koziel
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology of Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland
| | - Maciej Lech
- LMU Hospital, Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik IV, Ludwig-Maximilians University, Munich, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Gierlikowska B, Stachura A, Gierlikowski W, Demkow U. Phagocytosis, Degranulation and Extracellular Traps Release by Neutrophils-The Current Knowledge, Pharmacological Modulation and Future Prospects. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:666732. [PMID: 34017259 PMCID: PMC8129565 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.666732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2021] [Accepted: 04/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Neutrophils are crucial elements of innate immune system, which assure host defense via a range of effector functions, such as phagocytosis, degranulation, and NET formation. The latest literature clearly indicates that modulation of effector functions of neutrophils may affect the treatment efficacy. Pharmacological modulation may affect molecular mechanisms activating or suppressing phagocytosis, degranulation or NET formation. In this review, we describe the role of neutrophils in physiology and in the course of bacterial and viral infections, illustrating the versatility and plasticity of those cells. This review also focus on the action of plant extracts, plant-derived compounds and synthetic drugs on effector functions of neutrophils. These recent advances in the knowledge can help to devise novel therapeutic approaches via pharmacological modulation of the described processes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Gierlikowska
- Department of Laboratory Diagnostics and Clinical Immunology of Developmental Age, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Albert Stachura
- Department of Methodology, Centre for Preclinical Research, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland.,Doctoral School, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Wojciech Gierlikowski
- Department of Internal Medicine and Endocrinology, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Urszula Demkow
- Department of Laboratory Diagnostics and Clinical Immunology of Developmental Age, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Mustafa Z, Zhanapiya A, Kalbacher H, Burster T. Neutrophil Elastase and Proteinase 3 Cleavage Sites Are Adjacent to the Polybasic Sequence within the Proteolytic Sensitive Activation Loop of the SARS-CoV-2 Spike Protein. ACS OMEGA 2021; 6:7181-7185. [PMID: 33748632 PMCID: PMC7970549 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.1c00363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2021] [Accepted: 02/22/2021] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Serine proteases neutrophil elastase (NE), protease 3 (PR3), cathepsin G (CatG), and neutrophil serine protease 4 (NSP4) are released by activated neutrophils swarming around the place of pathogen invasion to provoke an immune response. However, uncontrolled proteolytic activity of proteases results in various human diseases, including cardiovascular diseases, thrombosis, and autoimmunity. In addition, proteases can be hijacked by several viruses to prime virus-derived surface proteins and evade immune detection by entering into the host cell. Indeed, porcine elastase increases the suitability of host cells to be infected by SARS-CoV-1. We compared the cleavage sites of human NE, PR3, and CatG as well as porcine-derived trypsin within the amino acid sequence of the proteolytic sensitive activation loop at the interface of S1/S2 of the spike protein (S protein) of SARS-CoV-1 as well as SARS-CoV-2. As a result, NE and PR3, but not CatG, hydrolyze the scissile peptide bond adjacent to the polybasic amino acid sequence of the S1/S2 interface of SARS-CoV-2, which is distinctive from SARS-CoV-1. These findings suggest that neutrophil-derived NE and PR3 participate in priming of the S1/S2 interface during an immune response.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhadyra Mustafa
- Department
of Biology, School of Sciences and Humanities, Nazarbayev University, Kabanbay Batyr Ave., 53, Nur-Sultan 010000, Kazakhstan Republic
| | - Anuar Zhanapiya
- Department
of Biology, School of Sciences and Humanities, Nazarbayev University, Kabanbay Batyr Ave., 53, Nur-Sultan 010000, Kazakhstan Republic
| | - Hubert Kalbacher
- Eberhard
Karls University Tübingen, Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Clinical Anatomy and Cell Analysis, Österbergstraße 3, 72074 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Timo Burster
- Department
of Biology, School of Sciences and Humanities, Nazarbayev University, Kabanbay Batyr Ave., 53, Nur-Sultan 010000, Kazakhstan Republic
| |
Collapse
|