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Cao Y, Zhang Q, Liu Y, Yan T, Ding L, Yang Y, Meng Y, Shan W. The RXLR effector PpE18 of Phytophthora parasitica is a virulence factor and suppresses peroxisome membrane-associated ascorbate peroxidase NbAPX3-1-mediated plant immunity. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2024; 243:1472-1489. [PMID: 38877698 DOI: 10.1111/nph.19902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2023] [Accepted: 05/28/2024] [Indexed: 06/16/2024]
Abstract
Phytophthora parasitica causes diseases on a broad range of host plants. It secretes numerous effectors to suppress plant immunity. However, only a few virulence effectors in P. parasitica have been characterized. Here, we highlight that PpE18, a conserved RXLR effector in P. parasitica, was a virulence factor and suppresses Nicotiana benthamiana immunity. Utilizing luciferase complementation, co-immunoprecipitation, and GST pull-down assays, we determined that PpE18 targeted NbAPX3-1, a peroxisome membrane-associated ascorbate peroxidase with reactive oxygen species (ROS)-scavenging activity and positively regulates plant immunity in N. benthamiana. We show that the ROS-scavenging activity of NbAPX3-1 was critical for its immune function and was hindered by the binding of PpE18. The interaction between PpE18 and NbAPX3-1 resulted in an elevation of ROS levels in the peroxisome. Moreover, we discovered that the ankyrin repeat-containing protein NbANKr2 acted as a positive immune regulator, interacting with both NbAPX3-1 and PpE18. NbANKr2 was required for NbAPX3-1-mediated disease resistance. PpE18 competitively interfered with the interaction between NbAPX3-1 and NbANKr2, thereby weakening plant resistance. Our results reveal an effective counter-defense mechanism by which P. parasitica employed effector PpE18 to suppress host cellular defense, by suppressing biochemical activity and disturbing immune function of NbAPX3-1 during infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yimeng Cao
- State Key Laboratory for Crop Stress Resistance and High-Efficiency Production, and College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Qiang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Crop Stress Resistance and High-Efficiency Production, and College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Yuan Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Crop Stress Resistance and High-Efficiency Production, and College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Tiantian Yan
- State Key Laboratory for Crop Stress Resistance and High-Efficiency Production, and College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Liwen Ding
- State Key Laboratory for Crop Stress Resistance and High-Efficiency Production, and College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Yang Yang
- State Key Laboratory for Crop Stress Resistance and High-Efficiency Production, and College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
- State Key Laboratory for Crop Stress Resistance and High-Efficiency Production, and College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Yuling Meng
- State Key Laboratory for Crop Stress Resistance and High-Efficiency Production, and College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Weixing Shan
- State Key Laboratory for Crop Stress Resistance and High-Efficiency Production, and College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
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Di R, Zhu L, Huang Z, Lu M, Yin L, Wang C, Bao Y, Duan Z, Powell CA, Hu Q, Zhang J, Zhang M, Yao W. Fusarium sacchari FsNis1 induces plant immunity. Gene 2024; 907:148260. [PMID: 38342252 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2024.148260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2023] [Revised: 01/19/2024] [Accepted: 01/25/2024] [Indexed: 02/13/2024]
Abstract
Pokkah Boeng disease (PBD), caused by Fusarium sacchari, severely affects sugarcane yield and quality. Necrosis-inducing secreted protein 1 (Nis1) is a fungal secreted effector that induces necrotic lesions in plants. It interacts with host receptor-like kinases and inhibits their kinase activity. FsNis1 contains the Nis1 structure and triggered a pathogen-associated molecular pattern-triggered immune response in Nicotiana benthamiana, as reflected by causing reactive oxygen species production, callose accumulation, and the upregulated expression of defense response genes. Knockout of this gene in F. sacchari revealed a significant reduction in its pathogenicity, whereas the pathogenicity of the complementary mutant recovered to the wild-type levels, making this gene an important virulence factor for F. sacchari. In addition, the signal peptide of FsNis1 was required for the induction of cell death and PTI response in N. benthamiana. Thus, FsNis1 may not only be a key virulence factor for F. sacchari but may also induce defense responses in plants. These findings provide new insights into the function of Nis1 in host-pathogen interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruolin Di
- State Key Lab for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agri-Biological Resources, Guangxi Key Lab of Sugarcane Biology, Guangxi University, Nanning 530005, China
| | - Lixiang Zhu
- State Key Lab for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agri-Biological Resources, Guangxi Key Lab of Sugarcane Biology, Guangxi University, Nanning 530005, China
| | - Zhen Huang
- State Key Lab for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agri-Biological Resources, Guangxi Key Lab of Sugarcane Biology, Guangxi University, Nanning 530005, China
| | - Minyan Lu
- State Key Lab for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agri-Biological Resources, Guangxi Key Lab of Sugarcane Biology, Guangxi University, Nanning 530005, China
| | - Liuyu Yin
- State Key Lab for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agri-Biological Resources, Guangxi Key Lab of Sugarcane Biology, Guangxi University, Nanning 530005, China
| | - Caixia Wang
- State Key Lab for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agri-Biological Resources, Guangxi Key Lab of Sugarcane Biology, Guangxi University, Nanning 530005, China
| | - Yixue Bao
- State Key Lab for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agri-Biological Resources, Guangxi Key Lab of Sugarcane Biology, Guangxi University, Nanning 530005, China
| | - Zhenzhen Duan
- State Key Lab for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agri-Biological Resources, Guangxi Key Lab of Sugarcane Biology, Guangxi University, Nanning 530005, China
| | | | - Qin Hu
- State Key Lab for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agri-Biological Resources, Guangxi Key Lab of Sugarcane Biology, Guangxi University, Nanning 530005, China
| | - Jisen Zhang
- State Key Lab for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agri-Biological Resources, Guangxi Key Lab of Sugarcane Biology, Guangxi University, Nanning 530005, China.
| | - Muqing Zhang
- State Key Lab for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agri-Biological Resources, Guangxi Key Lab of Sugarcane Biology, Guangxi University, Nanning 530005, China; IRREC-IFAS, University of Florida, Fort Pierce, FL 34945, USA.
| | - Wei Yao
- State Key Lab for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agri-Biological Resources, Guangxi Key Lab of Sugarcane Biology, Guangxi University, Nanning 530005, China; IRREC-IFAS, University of Florida, Fort Pierce, FL 34945, USA.
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3
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Li W, Zhu H, Chen J, Ru B, Peng Q, Miao J, Liu X. PsAF5 functions as an essential adapter for PsPHB2-mediated mitophagy under ROS stress in Phytophthora sojae. Nat Commun 2024; 15:1967. [PMID: 38438368 PMCID: PMC10912746 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-46290-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2023] [Accepted: 02/21/2024] [Indexed: 03/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Host-derived reactive oxygen species (ROS) are an important defense means to protect against pathogens. Although mitochondria are the main intracellular targets of ROS, how pathogens regulate mitochondrial physiology in response to oxidative stress remains elusive. Prohibitin 2 (PHB2) is an inner mitochondrial membrane (IMM) protein, recognized as a mitophagy receptor in animals and fungi. Here, we find that an ANK and FYVE domain-containing protein PsAF5, is an adapter of PsPHB2, interacting with PsATG8 under ROS stress. Unlike animal PHB2 that can recruit ATG8 directly to mitochondria, PsPHB2 in Phytophthora sojae cannot recruit PsATG8 to stressed mitochondria without PsAF5. PsAF5 deletion impairs mitophagy under ROS stress and increases the pathogen's sensitivity to H2O2, resulting in the attenuation of P. sojae virulence. This discovery of a PsPHB2-PsATG8 adapter (PsAF5) in plant-pathogenic oomycetes reveals that mitophagy induction by IMM proteins is conserved in eukaryotes, but with differences in the details of ATG8 recruitment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenhao Li
- State Key Laboratory for Crop Stress Resistance and High-Efficiency Production, College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Hongwei Zhu
- State Key Laboratory for Crop Stress Resistance and High-Efficiency Production, College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Jinzhu Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Crop Stress Resistance and High-Efficiency Production, College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Binglu Ru
- State Key Laboratory for Crop Stress Resistance and High-Efficiency Production, College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Qin Peng
- State Key Laboratory for Crop Stress Resistance and High-Efficiency Production, College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Jianqiang Miao
- State Key Laboratory for Crop Stress Resistance and High-Efficiency Production, College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China.
| | - Xili Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Crop Stress Resistance and High-Efficiency Production, College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China.
- Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, 2 Yuanmingyuanxi Road, Beijing, 100193, China.
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Fu Q, Yang J, Zhang K, Yin K, Xiang G, Yin X, Liu G, Xu Y. Plasmopara viticola effector PvCRN11 induces disease resistance to downy mildew in grapevine. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2024; 117:873-891. [PMID: 37950600 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.16534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2023] [Revised: 10/09/2023] [Accepted: 10/26/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023]
Abstract
The downy mildew of grapevine (Vitis vinifera L.) is caused by Plasmopara viticola and is a major production problem in most grape-growing regions. The vast majority of effectors act as virulence factors and sabotage plant immunity. Here, we describe in detail one of the putative P. viticola Crinkler (CRN) effector genes, PvCRN11, which is highly transcribed during the infection stages in the downy mildew-susceptible grapevine V. vinifera cv. 'Pinot Noir' and V. vinifera cv. 'Thompson Seedless'. Cell death-inducing activity analyses reveal that PvCRN11 was able to induce spot cell death in the leaves of Nicotiana benthamiana but did not induce cell death in the leaves of the downy mildew-resistant V. riparia accession 'Beaumont' or of the downy mildew-susceptible 'Thompson Seedless'. Unexpectedly, stable expression of PvCRN11 inhibited the colonization of P. viticola in grapevine and Phytophthora capsici in Arabidopsis. Both transgenic grapevine and Arabidopsis constitutively expressing PvCRN11 promoted plant immunity. PvCRN11 is localized in the nucleus and cytoplasm, whereas PvCRN11-induced plant immunity is nucleus-independent. The purified protein PvCRN11Opt initiated significant plant immunity extracellularly, leading to enhanced accumulations of reactive oxygen species, activation of MAPK and up-regulation of the defense-related genes PR1 and PR2. Furthermore, PvCRN11Opt induces BAK1-dependent immunity in the apoplast, whereas PvCRN11 overexpression in intracellular induces BAK1-independent immunity. In conclusion, the PvCRN11 protein triggers resistance against P. viticola in grapevine, suggesting a potential for the use of PvCRN11 in grape production as a protectant against downy mildew.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingqing Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, P.R. China
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, P.R. China
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology and Germplasm Innovation in Northwest China, Ministry of Agriculture, Yangling, Shaanxi, P.R. China
| | - Jing Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, P.R. China
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, P.R. China
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology and Germplasm Innovation in Northwest China, Ministry of Agriculture, Yangling, Shaanxi, P.R. China
| | - Kangzhuang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, P.R. China
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, P.R. China
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology and Germplasm Innovation in Northwest China, Ministry of Agriculture, Yangling, Shaanxi, P.R. China
| | - Kaixin Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, P.R. China
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, P.R. China
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology and Germplasm Innovation in Northwest China, Ministry of Agriculture, Yangling, Shaanxi, P.R. China
| | - Gaoqing Xiang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, P.R. China
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, P.R. China
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology and Germplasm Innovation in Northwest China, Ministry of Agriculture, Yangling, Shaanxi, P.R. China
| | - Xiao Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, P.R. China
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, P.R. China
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology and Germplasm Innovation in Northwest China, Ministry of Agriculture, Yangling, Shaanxi, P.R. China
| | - Guotian Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, P.R. China
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, P.R. China
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology and Germplasm Innovation in Northwest China, Ministry of Agriculture, Yangling, Shaanxi, P.R. China
| | - Yan Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, P.R. China
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, P.R. China
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology and Germplasm Innovation in Northwest China, Ministry of Agriculture, Yangling, Shaanxi, P.R. China
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Ahmed J, Ismail A, Ding L, Yool AJ, Chaumont F. A new method to measure aquaporin-facilitated membrane diffusion of hydrogen peroxide and cations in plant suspension cells. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2024; 47:527-539. [PMID: 37946673 DOI: 10.1111/pce.14763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2023] [Revised: 10/03/2023] [Accepted: 10/31/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023]
Abstract
Plant aquaporins (AQPs) facilitate the membrane diffusion of water and small solutes, including hydrogen peroxide (H2 O2 ) and, possibly, cations, essential signalling molecules in many physiological processes. While the determination of the channel activity generally depends on heterologous expression of AQPs in Xenopus oocytes or yeast cells, we established a genetic tool to determine whether they facilitate the diffusion of H2 O2 through the plasma membrane in living plant cells. We designed genetic constructs to co-express the fluorescent H2 O2 sensor HyPer and AQPs, with expression controlled by a heat shock-inducible promoter in Nicotiana tabacum BY-2 suspension cells. After induction of ZmPIP2;5 AQP expression, a HyPer signal was recorded when the cells were incubated with H2 O2 , suggesting that ZmPIP2;5 facilitates H2 O2 transmembrane diffusion; in contrast, the ZmPIP2;5W85A mutated protein was inactive as a water or H2 O2 channel. ZmPIP2;1, ZmPIP2;4 and AtPIP2;1 also facilitated H2 O2 diffusion. Incubation with abscisic acid and the elicitor flg22 peptide induced the intracellular H2 O2 accumulation in BY-2 cells expressing ZmPIP2;5. We also monitored cation channel activity of ZmPIP2;5 using a novel fluorescent photo-switchable Li+ sensor in BY-2 cells. BY-2 suspension cells engineered for inducible expression of AQPs as well as HyPer expression and the use of Li+ sensors constitute a powerful toolkit for evaluating the transport activity and the molecular determinants of PIPs in living plant cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jahed Ahmed
- Louvain Institute of Biomolecular Science and Technology, UCLouvain, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - Ahmed Ismail
- Louvain Institute of Biomolecular Science and Technology, UCLouvain, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
- Department of Horticulture, Faculty of Agriculture, Damanhour University, Damanhour, Egypt
| | - Lei Ding
- Louvain Institute of Biomolecular Science and Technology, UCLouvain, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - Andrea J Yool
- School of Biomedicine, Institute for Photonics and Advanced Sensing (IPAS), University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia
| | - François Chaumont
- Louvain Institute of Biomolecular Science and Technology, UCLouvain, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
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Zhang H, Yang Z, Cheng G, Luo T, Zeng K, Jiao W, Zhou Y, Huang G, Zhang J, Xu J. Sugarcane mosaic virus employs 6K2 protein to impair ScPIP2;4 transport of H2O2 to facilitate virus infection. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2024; 194:715-731. [PMID: 37930811 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiad567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2023] [Revised: 09/22/2023] [Accepted: 09/27/2023] [Indexed: 11/08/2023]
Abstract
Sugarcane mosaic virus (SCMV), one of the main pathogens causing sugarcane mosaic disease, is widespread in sugarcane (Saccharum spp. hybrid) planting areas and causes heavy yield losses. RESPIRATORY BURST OXIDASE HOMOLOG (RBOH) NADPH oxidases and plasma membrane intrinsic proteins (PIPs) have been associated with the response to SCMV infection. However, the underlying mechanism is barely known. In the present study, we demonstrated that SCMV infection upregulates the expression of ScRBOHs and the accumulation of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), which inhibits SCMV replication. All eight sugarcane PIPs (ScPIPs) interacted with SCMV-encoded protein 6K2, whereby two PIP2s (ScPIP2;1 and ScPIP2;4) were verified as capable of H2O2 transport. Furthermore, we revealed that SCMV-6K2 interacts with ScPIP2;4 via transmembrane domain 5 to interfere with the oligomerization of ScPIP2;4, subsequently impairing ScPIP2;4 transport of H2O2. This study highlights a mechanism adopted by SCMV to employ 6K2 to counteract the host resistance mediated by H2O2 to facilitate virus infection and provides potential molecular targets for engineering sugarcane resistance against SCMV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hai Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Biology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, National Engineering Research Center for Sugarcane, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, P. R. China
| | - Zongtao Yang
- Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Biology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, National Engineering Research Center for Sugarcane, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, P. R. China
| | - Guangyuan Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Biology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, National Engineering Research Center for Sugarcane, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, P. R. China
| | - Tingxu Luo
- Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Biology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, National Engineering Research Center for Sugarcane, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, P. R. China
| | - Kang Zeng
- Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Biology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, National Engineering Research Center for Sugarcane, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, P. R. China
| | - Wendi Jiao
- Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Biology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, National Engineering Research Center for Sugarcane, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, P. R. China
| | - Yingshuan Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Biology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, National Engineering Research Center for Sugarcane, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, P. R. China
| | - Guoqiang Huang
- Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Biology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, National Engineering Research Center for Sugarcane, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, P. R. China
| | - Jisen Zhang
- State Key Lab for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Biological Resources & Guangxi Key Lab for Sugarcane Biology, Guangxi University, Nanning 530005, P. R. China
| | - Jingsheng Xu
- Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Biology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, National Engineering Research Center for Sugarcane, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, P. R. China
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Li X, Ma Y, Zhang N, Li Y, Liang Z, Luo Y, Lin L, Zhang D, He Y, Wang Z, Zhang Z, Deng Y. Whole-genome sequencing of Fusarium spp. causing sugarcane root rot on both chewing cane and sugar-making cane. STRESS BIOLOGY 2024; 4:7. [PMID: 38270818 PMCID: PMC10811303 DOI: 10.1007/s44154-023-00145-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2023] [Accepted: 12/24/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2024]
Abstract
Previously we isolated three Fusarium strains (a F. sacchari strain namely GXUF-1, and another two F. commune strains namely GXUF-2 and GXUF-3), and we verified that GXUF-3 was able to cause sugarcane root rot to the chewing cane cultivar Badila. Considering that Fusarium spp. are a group of widely distributed fungal pathogens, we tested whether these three Fusarium isolates were able to cause root rot to Badila as well as sugar-making cane cultivar (Guitang42), using a suitable inoculation method established based on infection assays using Badila. We found that the three Fusarium strains were able to cause root rot symptoms to both Badila and Guitang42, to different extents. To better investigate the potential pathogenicity mechanisms, we performed Illumina high-throughput sequencing and analyzed the whole genomic sequence data of these three Fusarium strains. The results reveal that the assembly sizes of the three Fusarium strains were in a range of 44.7-48.2 Mb, with G + C contents of 48.0-48.5%, and 14,154-15,175 coding genes. The coding genes were annotated by multiple public databases, and potential pathogenic genes were predicted using proprietary databases (such as PHI, DFVF, CAZy, etc.). Furthermore, based on evolutionary analysis of the coding sequence, we found that contraction and expansion of gene families occurred in the three Fusarium strains. Overall, our results suggest a potential risk that the root rot disease may occur to the sugar-making canes although it was initially spotted from fruit cane, and provide clues to understand the pathogenic mechanisms of Fusarium spp. causing sugarcane root rot.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyang Li
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresource, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Biology, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, China
| | - Yuming Ma
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Microbial Signals and Disease Control, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Na Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Microbial Signals and Disease Control, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Yiming Li
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresource, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Biology, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, China
| | - Zhibin Liang
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Microbial Signals and Disease Control, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Yibao Luo
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresource, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Biology, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, China
| | - Longxin Lin
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresource, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Biology, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, China
| | - Dongliang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresource, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Biology, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, China
| | - Yongqiang He
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresource, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Biology, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, China
| | - Ziting Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresource, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Biology, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, China
| | - Zhiquan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresource, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Biology, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, China
| | - Yizhen Deng
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Microbial Signals and Disease Control, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China.
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8
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Lovelace AH. A Tale of Two Functions: How the Effector PsCRN108 Hijacks Plant Transcription Factors to Suppress Immunity. MOLECULAR PLANT-MICROBE INTERACTIONS : MPMI 2024; 37:4-5. [PMID: 38289708 DOI: 10.1094/mpmi-12-23-0205-cm] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Amelia H Lovelace
- The Sainsbury Laboratory, Norwich Research Park, Norwich NR4 7UH, U.K
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9
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Yang Z, Ai G, Lu X, Li Y, Miao J, Song W, Xu H, Liu J, Shen D, Dou D. Phytophthora sojae Effector PsCRN108 Targets CAMTA2 to Suppress HSP40 Expression and ROS Burst. MOLECULAR PLANT-MICROBE INTERACTIONS : MPMI 2024; 37:15-24. [PMID: 37856777 DOI: 10.1094/mpmi-05-23-0058-r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2023]
Abstract
Oomycete pathogens secrete numerous crinkling and necrosis proteins (CRNs) to manipulate plant immunity and promote infection. However, the functional mechanism of CRN effectors is still poorly understood. Previous research has shown that the Phytophthora sojae effector PsCRN108 binds to the promoter of HSP90s and inhibits their expression, resulting in impaired plant immunity. In this study, we found that in addition to HSP90, PsCRN108 also suppressed other Heat Shock Protein (HSP) family genes, including HSP40. Interestingly, PsCRN108 inhibited the expression of NbHSP40 through its promoter, but did not directly bind to its promoter. Instead, PsCRN108 interacted with NbCAMTA2, a negative regulator of plant immunity. NbCAMTA2 was a negative regulator of NbHSP40 expression, and PsCRN108 could promote such inhibition activity of NbCAMTA2. Our results elucidated the multiple roles of PsCRN108 in the suppression of plant immunity and revealed a new mechanism by which the CRN effector hijacked transcription factors to affect immunity. [Formula: see text] Copyright © 2024 The Author(s). This is an open access article distributed under the CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 International license.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zitong Yang
- Department of Plant Pathology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Gan Ai
- Department of Plant Pathology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Xinyu Lu
- Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China
| | - Yuke Li
- Department of Plant Pathology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Jinlu Miao
- Department of Plant Pathology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Wen Song
- Department of Plant Pathology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Heng Xu
- Department of Plant Pathology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Jinding Liu
- Bioinformatics Center, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Danyu Shen
- Department of Plant Pathology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Daolong Dou
- Department of Plant Pathology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
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10
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Huang Z, Zhou Y, Li H, Bao Y, Duan Z, Wang C, Powell CA, Wang K, Hu Q, Chen B, Zhang J, Zhang M, Yao W. Identification of common fungal extracellular membrane (CFEM) proteins in Fusarium sacchari that inhibit plant immunity and contribute to virulence. Microbiol Spectr 2023; 11:e0145223. [PMID: 37962343 PMCID: PMC10715082 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.01452-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2023] [Accepted: 09/15/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
IMPORTANCE Common fungal extracellular membrane (CFEM) domain-containing protein has long been considered an essential effector, playing a crucial role in the interaction of pathogens and plant. Strategies aimed at understanding the pathogenicity mechanism of F. sacchari are eagerly anticipated to ultimately end the spread of pokkah boeng disease. Twenty FsCFEM proteins in the genome of F. sacchari have been identified, and four FsCFEM effector proteins have been found to suppress BCL2-associated X protein-triggered programmed cell death in N. benthamiana. These four effector proteins have the ability to enter plant cells and inhibit plant immunity. Furthermore, the expression of these four FsCFEM effector proteins significantly increases during the infection stage, with the three of them playing an essential role in achieving full virulence. These study findings provide a direction toward further exploration of the immune response in sugarcane. By applying these discoveries, we can potentially control the spread of disease through techniques such as host-induced gene silencing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Huang
- State Key Lab for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agri-Biological Resources, Guangxi Key Lab of Sugarcane Biology, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
| | - Yuming Zhou
- State Key Lab for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agri-Biological Resources, Guangxi Key Lab of Sugarcane Biology, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
| | - Huixue Li
- State Key Lab for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agri-Biological Resources, Guangxi Key Lab of Sugarcane Biology, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
| | - Yixue Bao
- State Key Lab for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agri-Biological Resources, Guangxi Key Lab of Sugarcane Biology, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
| | - Zhenzhen Duan
- State Key Lab for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agri-Biological Resources, Guangxi Key Lab of Sugarcane Biology, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
| | - Caixia Wang
- State Key Lab for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agri-Biological Resources, Guangxi Key Lab of Sugarcane Biology, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
| | | | - Kai Wang
- State Key Lab for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agri-Biological Resources, Guangxi Key Lab of Sugarcane Biology, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
| | - Qin Hu
- State Key Lab for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agri-Biological Resources, Guangxi Key Lab of Sugarcane Biology, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
| | - Baoshan Chen
- State Key Lab for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agri-Biological Resources, Guangxi Key Lab of Sugarcane Biology, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
| | - Jisen Zhang
- State Key Lab for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agri-Biological Resources, Guangxi Key Lab of Sugarcane Biology, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
- IRREC-IFAS, University of Florida, Fort Pierce, Florida, USA
| | - Muqing Zhang
- State Key Lab for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agri-Biological Resources, Guangxi Key Lab of Sugarcane Biology, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
- IRREC-IFAS, University of Florida, Fort Pierce, Florida, USA
| | - Wei Yao
- State Key Lab for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agri-Biological Resources, Guangxi Key Lab of Sugarcane Biology, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
- IRREC-IFAS, University of Florida, Fort Pierce, Florida, USA
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11
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Zeng Q, Jia H, Ma Y, Xu L, Ming R, Yue J. Genome-Wide Identification and Expression Pattern Profiling of the Aquaporin Gene Family in Papaya ( Carica papaya L.). Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:17276. [PMID: 38139107 PMCID: PMC10744249 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242417276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2023] [Revised: 12/02/2023] [Accepted: 12/06/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Aquaporins (AQPs) are mainly responsible for the transportation of water and other small molecules such as CO2 and H2O2, and they perform diverse functions in plant growth, in development, and under stress conditions. They are also active participants in cell signal transduction in plants. However, little is known about AQP diversity, biological functions, and protein characteristics in papaya. To better understand the structure and function of CpAQPs in papaya, a total of 29 CpAQPs were identified and classified into five subfamilies. Analysis of gene structure and conserved motifs revealed that CpAQPs exhibited a degree of conservation, with some differentiation among subfamilies. The predicted interaction network showed that the PIP subfamily had the strongest protein interactions within the subfamily, while the SIP subfamily showed extensive interaction with members of the PIP, TIP, NIP, and XIP subfamilies. Furthermore, the analysis of CpAQPs' promoters revealed a large number of cis-elements participating in light, hormone, and stress responses. CpAQPs exhibited different expression patterns in various tissues and under different stress conditions. Collectively, these results provided a foundation for further functional investigations of CpAQPs in ripening, as well as leaf, flower, fruit, and seed development. They also shed light on the potential roles of CpAQP genes in response to environmental factors, offering valuable insights into their biological functions in papaya.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiuxia Zeng
- Center for Genomics and Biotechnology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China; (Q.Z.); (H.J.); (Y.M.); (L.X.)
- College of Agriculture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Haifeng Jia
- Center for Genomics and Biotechnology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China; (Q.Z.); (H.J.); (Y.M.); (L.X.)
- College of Agriculture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Yaying Ma
- Center for Genomics and Biotechnology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China; (Q.Z.); (H.J.); (Y.M.); (L.X.)
- College of Agriculture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Liangwei Xu
- Center for Genomics and Biotechnology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China; (Q.Z.); (H.J.); (Y.M.); (L.X.)
- College of Life Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Ray Ming
- Center for Genomics and Biotechnology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China; (Q.Z.); (H.J.); (Y.M.); (L.X.)
| | - Jingjing Yue
- Center for Genomics and Biotechnology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China; (Q.Z.); (H.J.); (Y.M.); (L.X.)
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12
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Zhang J, Huang X, Yang S, Huang A, Ren J, Luo X, Feng S, Li P, Li Z, Dong P. Endophytic Bacillus subtilis H17-16 effectively inhibits Phytophthora infestans, the pathogen of potato late blight, and its potential application. PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE 2023; 79:5073-5086. [PMID: 37572366 DOI: 10.1002/ps.7717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2022] [Revised: 08/03/2023] [Accepted: 08/13/2023] [Indexed: 08/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND As a highly prevalent epidemic disease of potato, late blight caused by Phytophthora infestans poses a serious threat to potato yield and quality. At present, chemical fungicides are mainly used to control potato late blight, but long-term overuse of chemical fungicides may lead to environmental pollution and human health threats. Endophytes, natural resources for plant diseases control, can promote plant growth, enhance plant resistance, and secrete antifungal substances. Therefore, there is an urgent need to find some beneficial endophytes to control potato late blight. RESULTS We isolated a strain of Bacillus subtilis H17-16 from potato healthy roots. It can significantly inhibit mycelial growth, sporangia germination and the pathogenicity of Phytophthora infestans, induce the resistance of potato to late blight, and promote potato growth. In addition, H17-16 has the ability to produce protease, volatile compounds (VOCs) and form biofilms. After H17-16 treatment, most of the genes involved in metabolism, virulence and drug resistance of Phytophthora infestans were down-regulated significantly, and the genes related to ribosome biogenesis were mainly up-regulated. Moreover, field and postharvest application of H17-16 can effectively reduce the occurrence of potato late blight, and the combination of H17-16 with chitosan or chemical fungicides had a better effect than single H17-16. CONCLUSION Our results reveal that Bacillus subtilis H17-16 has great potential as a natural fungicide for controlling potato late blight, laying a theoretical basis for its development as a biological control agent. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaomei Zhang
- School of Life Sciences, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Breeding for Tuber and Root Crops, Chongqing, China
| | - Xiaoqing Huang
- School of Life Sciences, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Breeding for Tuber and Root Crops, Chongqing, China
| | - Shidong Yang
- Shandong Nongdeli Biotechnology Co., Ltd, Jinan, China
| | - Airong Huang
- School of Life Sciences, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Breeding for Tuber and Root Crops, Chongqing, China
| | - Jie Ren
- School of Life Sciences, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Breeding for Tuber and Root Crops, Chongqing, China
| | - Xunguang Luo
- School of Life Sciences, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Breeding for Tuber and Root Crops, Chongqing, China
| | - Shun Feng
- School of Life Sciences, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Breeding for Tuber and Root Crops, Chongqing, China
| | - Peihua Li
- College of Agronomy, Xichang University, Xichang, China
| | - Zhengguo Li
- School of Life Sciences, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China
- Key Laboratory of Plant Hormones and Development Regulation of Chongqing, Chongqing, China
| | - Pan Dong
- School of Life Sciences, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Breeding for Tuber and Root Crops, Chongqing, China
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13
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Ai G, Si J, Cheng Y, Meng R, Wu Z, Xu R, Wang X, Zhai Y, Peng H, Li Y, Dou D, Jing M. The oomycete-specific BAG subfamily maintains protein homeostasis and promotes pathogenicity in an atypical HSP70-independent manner. Cell Rep 2023; 42:113391. [PMID: 37930886 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2023.113391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2023] [Revised: 09/08/2023] [Accepted: 10/20/2023] [Indexed: 11/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Protein homeostasis is vital for organisms and requires chaperones like the conserved Bcl-2-associated athanogene (BAG) co-chaperones that bind to the heat shock protein 70 (HSP70) through their C-terminal BAG domain (BD). Here, we show an unconventional BAG subfamily exclusively found in oomycetes. Oomycete BAGs feature an atypical N-terminal BD with a short and oomycete-specific α1 helix (α1'), plus a C-terminal small heat shock protein (sHSP) domain. In oomycete pathogen Phytophthora sojae, both BD-α1' and sHSP domains are required for P. sojae BAG (PsBAG) function in cyst germination, pathogenicity, and unfolded protein response assisting in 26S proteasome-mediated degradation of misfolded proteins. PsBAGs form homo- and heterodimers through their unique BD-α1' to function properly, with no recruitment of HSP70s to form the common BAG-HSP70 complex found in other eukaryotes. Our study highlights an oomycete-exclusive protein homeostasis mechanism mediated by atypical BAGs, which provides a potential target for oomycete disease control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gan Ai
- Department of Plant Pathology, Key Laboratory of Soybean Disease and Pest Control (Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs), Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Jierui Si
- Department of Plant Pathology, Key Laboratory of Soybean Disease and Pest Control (Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs), Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Yang Cheng
- Department of Plant Pathology, Key Laboratory of Soybean Disease and Pest Control (Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs), Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Rui Meng
- Department of Plant Pathology, Key Laboratory of Soybean Disease and Pest Control (Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs), Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Zishan Wu
- Department of Plant Pathology, Key Laboratory of Soybean Disease and Pest Control (Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs), Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Ruofei Xu
- Department of Plant Pathology, Key Laboratory of Soybean Disease and Pest Control (Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs), Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Xiaodan Wang
- Department of Plant Pathology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100091, China
| | - Ying Zhai
- USDA-ARS, Crop Diseases, Pests and Genetics Research Unit, Parlier, CA 93648, USA
| | - Hao Peng
- USDA-ARS, Crop Diseases, Pests and Genetics Research Unit, Parlier, CA 93648, USA
| | - Yurong Li
- Corteva Agriscience, Johnston, IA 50131, USA
| | - Daolong Dou
- Department of Plant Pathology, Key Laboratory of Soybean Disease and Pest Control (Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs), Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Maofeng Jing
- Department of Plant Pathology, Key Laboratory of Soybean Disease and Pest Control (Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs), Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China.
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14
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Wang Y, Yue J, Yang N, Zheng C, Zheng Y, Wu X, Yang J, Zhang H, Liu L, Ning Y, Bhadauria V, Zhao W, Xie Q, Peng YL, Chen Q. An ERAD-related ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme boosts broad-spectrum disease resistance and yield in rice. NATURE FOOD 2023; 4:774-787. [PMID: 37591962 DOI: 10.1038/s43016-023-00820-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2022] [Accepted: 07/10/2023] [Indexed: 08/19/2023]
Abstract
Rice is a staple crop for over half of the global population. However, blast disease caused by Magnaporthe orzae can result in more than a 30% loss in rice yield in epidemic years. Although some major resistance genes bolstering blast resistance have been identified in rice, their stacking in elite cultivars usually leads to yield penalties. Here we report that OsUBC45, a ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme functioning in the endoplasmic reticulum-associated protein degradation system, promotes broad-spectrum disease resistance and yield in rice. OsUBC45 is induced upon infection by M. oryzae, and its overexpression enhances resistance to blast disease and bacterial leaf blight by elevating pathogen-associated molecular pattern-triggered immunity (PTI) while nullifying the gene-attenuated PTI. The OsUBC45 overexpression also increases grain yield by over 10%. Further, OsUBC45 enhances the degradation of glycogen synthase kinase 3 OsGSK3 and aquaporin OsPIP2;1, which negatively regulate the grain size and PTI, respectively. The OsUBC45 reported in our study has the potential for improving yield and disease resistance for sustainable rice production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Wang
- MOA Key Lab of Pest Monitoring and Green Management and Frontiers Science Center for Molecular Design Breeding, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Jiaolin Yue
- MOA Key Lab of Pest Monitoring and Green Management and Frontiers Science Center for Molecular Design Breeding, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Nan Yang
- MOA Key Lab of Pest Monitoring and Green Management and Frontiers Science Center for Molecular Design Breeding, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Chuan Zheng
- MOA Key Lab of Pest Monitoring and Green Management and Frontiers Science Center for Molecular Design Breeding, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Yunna Zheng
- MOA Key Lab of Pest Monitoring and Green Management and Frontiers Science Center for Molecular Design Breeding, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Xi Wu
- MOA Key Lab of Pest Monitoring and Green Management and Frontiers Science Center for Molecular Design Breeding, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Jun Yang
- MOA Key Lab of Pest Monitoring and Green Management and Frontiers Science Center for Molecular Design Breeding, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Huawei Zhang
- Peking University Institute of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, Weifang, China
| | - Lijing Liu
- School of Life Sciences, Shandong University, Qingdao, China
| | - Yuese Ning
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Vijai Bhadauria
- MOA Key Lab of Pest Monitoring and Green Management and Frontiers Science Center for Molecular Design Breeding, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Wensheng Zhao
- MOA Key Lab of Pest Monitoring and Green Management and Frontiers Science Center for Molecular Design Breeding, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Qi Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, the Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
| | - You-Liang Peng
- MOA Key Lab of Pest Monitoring and Green Management and Frontiers Science Center for Molecular Design Breeding, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China.
| | - Qian Chen
- MOA Key Lab of Pest Monitoring and Green Management and Frontiers Science Center for Molecular Design Breeding, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China.
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15
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Liu D, Lun Z, Liu N, Yuan G, Wang X, Li S, Peng YL, Lu X. Identification and Characterization of Novel Candidate Effector Proteins from Magnaporthe oryzae. J Fungi (Basel) 2023; 9:jof9050574. [PMID: 37233285 DOI: 10.3390/jof9050574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Revised: 05/11/2023] [Accepted: 05/12/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The fungal pathogen Magnaporthe oryzae secretes a large number of effector proteins to facilitate infection, most of which are not functionally characterized. We selected potential candidate effector genes from the genome of M. oryzae, field isolate P131, and cloned 69 putative effector genes for functional screening. Utilizing a rice protoplast transient expression system, we identified that four candidate effector genes, GAS1, BAS2, MoCEP1 and MoCEP2 induced cell death in rice. In particular, MoCEP2 also induced cell death in Nicotiana benthamiana leaves through Agrobacteria-mediated transient gene expression. We further identified that six candidate effector genes, MoCEP3 to MoCEP8, suppress flg22-induced ROS burst in N. benthamiana leaves upon transient expression. These effector genes were highly expressed at a different stage after M. oryzae infection. We successfully knocked out five genes in M. oryzae, MoCEP1, MoCEP2, MoCEP3, MoCEP5 and MoCEP7. The virulence tests suggested that the deletion mutants of MoCEP2, MoCEP3 and MoCEP5 showed reduced virulence on rice and barley plants. Therefore, those genes play an important role in pathogenicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Di Liu
- MOA Key Laboratory of Pest Monitoring and Green Management, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Zhiqin Lun
- MOA Key Laboratory of Pest Monitoring and Green Management, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Ning Liu
- MOA Key Laboratory of Pest Monitoring and Green Management, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Guixin Yuan
- MOA Key Laboratory of Pest Monitoring and Green Management, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Xingbin Wang
- MOA Key Laboratory of Pest Monitoring and Green Management, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Shanshan Li
- MOA Key Laboratory of Pest Monitoring and Green Management, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - You-Liang Peng
- MOA Key Laboratory of Pest Monitoring and Green Management, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Xunli Lu
- MOA Key Laboratory of Pest Monitoring and Green Management, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
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16
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Zhu X, Guo L, Zhu R, Zhou X, Zhang J, Li D, He S, Qiao Y. Phytophthora sojae effector PsAvh113 associates with the soybean transcription factor GmDPB to inhibit catalase-mediated immunity. PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY JOURNAL 2023. [PMID: 36972124 DOI: 10.1111/pbi.14043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2023] [Revised: 02/17/2023] [Accepted: 02/28/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Phytophthora species are the most destructive plant pathogens worldwide and the main threat to agricultural and natural ecosystems; however, their pathogenic mechanism remains largely unknown. Here, we show that Avh113 effector is required for the virulence of Phytophthora sojae and is important for development of Phytophthora root and stem rot (PRSR) in soybean (Glycine max). Ectopic expression of PsAvh113 enhanced viral and Phytophthora infection in Nicotiana benthamiana. PsAvh113 directly associated with the soybean transcription factor GmDPB, inducing its degradation by the 26S proteasome. The internal repeat 2 (IR2) motif of PsAvh113 was important for its virulence and interaction with GmDPB, while silencing and overexpression of GmDPB in soybean hairy roots altered the resistance to P. sojae. Upon binding to GmDPB, PsAvh113 decreased the transcription of the downstream gene GmCAT1, which acts as a positive regulator of plant immunity. Furthermore, we revealed that PsAvh113 suppressed the GmCAT1-induced cell death by associating with GmDPB, thereby enhancing plant susceptibility to Phytophthora. Together, our findings reveal a vital role of PsAvh113 in inducing PRSR in soybean and offer a novel insight into the interplay between defence and counter-defence during the P. sojae infection of soybean.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoguo Zhu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Sciences, College of Life Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Liang Guo
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Sciences, College of Life Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ruiqing Zhu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Sciences, College of Life Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaoyi Zhou
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Sciences, College of Life Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jianing Zhang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Sciences, College of Life Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Die Li
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Sciences, College of Life Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Shidan He
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Sciences, College of Life Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yongli Qiao
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Sciences, College of Life Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, China
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17
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Ai G, Li T, Zhu H, Dong X, Fu X, Xia C, Pan W, Jing M, Shen D, Xia A, Tyler BM, Dou D. BPL3 binds the long non-coding RNA nalncFL7 to suppress FORKED-LIKE7 and modulate HAI1-mediated MPK3/6 dephosphorylation in plant immunity. THE PLANT CELL 2023; 35:598-616. [PMID: 36269178 PMCID: PMC9806616 DOI: 10.1093/plcell/koac311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2022] [Accepted: 10/18/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
RNA-binding proteins (RBPs) participate in a diverse set of biological processes in plants, but their functions and underlying mechanisms in plant-pathogen interactions are largely unknown. We previously showed that Arabidopsis thaliana BPA1-LIKE PROTEIN3 (BPL3) belongs to a conserved plant RBP family and negatively regulates reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation and cell death under biotic stress. In this study, we demonstrate that BPL3 suppresses FORKED-LIKE7 (FL7) transcript accumulation and raises levels of the cis-natural antisense long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) of FL7 (nalncFL7). FL7 positively regulated plant immunity to Phytophthora capsici while nalncFL7 negatively regulated resistance. We also showed that BPL3 directly binds to and stabilizes nalncFL7. Moreover, nalncFL7 suppressed accumulation of FL7 transcripts. Furthermore, FL7 interacted with HIGHLY ABA-INDUCED PP2C1 (HAI1), a type 2C protein phosphatase, and inhibited HAI1 phosphatase activity. By suppressing HAI1 activity, FL7 increased the phosphorylation levels of MITOGEN-ACTIVATED PROTEIN KINASE 3 (MPK3) and MPK6, thus enhancing immunity responses. BPL3 and FL7 are conserved in all plant species tested, but the BPL3-nalncFL7-FL7 cascade was specific to the Brassicaceae. Thus, we identified a conserved BPL3-nalncFL7-FL7 cascade that coordinates plant immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gan Ai
- College of Plant Protection, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Tianli Li
- College of Plant Protection, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Hai Zhu
- College of Plant Protection, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Xiaohua Dong
- College of Plant Protection, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Xiaowei Fu
- College of Plant Protection, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Chuyan Xia
- College of Plant Protection, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Weiye Pan
- College of Plant Protection, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Maofeng Jing
- College of Plant Protection, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Danyu Shen
- College of Plant Protection, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Ai Xia
- College of Plant Protection, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Brett M Tyler
- Center for Quantitative Life Sciences and Department of Botany and Plant Pathology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon 97331, USA
| | - Daolong Dou
- College of Plant Protection, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
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18
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Madina MH, Santhanam P, Asselin Y, Jaswal R, Bélanger RR. Progress and Challenges in Elucidating the Functional Role of Effectors in the Soybean- Phytophthora sojae Interaction. J Fungi (Basel) 2022; 9:jof9010012. [PMID: 36675833 PMCID: PMC9866111 DOI: 10.3390/jof9010012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2022] [Revised: 12/16/2022] [Accepted: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Phytophthora sojae, the agent responsible for stem and root rot, is one of the most damaging plant pathogens of soybean. To establish a compatible-interaction, P. sojae secretes a wide array of effector proteins into the host cell. These effectors have been shown to act either in the apoplastic area or the cytoplasm of the cell to manipulate the host cellular processes in favor of the development of the pathogen. Deciphering effector-plant interactions is important for understanding the role of P. sojae effectors in disease progression and developing approaches to prevent infection. Here, we review the subcellular localization, the host proteins, and the processes associated with P. sojae effectors. We also discuss the emerging topic of effectors in the context of effector-resistance genes interaction, as well as model systems and recent developments in resources and techniques that may provide a better understanding of the soybean-P. sojae interaction.
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19
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Qian Y, Zheng X, Wang X, Yang J, Zheng X, Zeng Q, Li J, Zhuge Q, Xiong Q. Systematic identification and functional characterization of the CFEM proteins in poplar fungus Marssonina brunnea. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2022; 12:1045615. [PMID: 36439212 PMCID: PMC9684206 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2022.1045615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2022] [Accepted: 10/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Proteins containing Common in Fungal Extracellular Membrane (CFEM) domains uniquely exist in fungi and play significant roles in their whole life history. In this study, a total of 11 MbCFEM proteins were identified from Marssonina brunnea f. sp. multigermtubi (MULT), a hemibiotrophic pathogenic fungus on poplars that causes severe leaf diseases. Phylogenic analysis showed that the 11 proteins (MbCFEM1-11) were divided into three clades based on the trans-membrane domain and the CFEM domain. Sequence alignment and WebLogo analysis of CFEM domains verified the amino acids conservatism therein. All of them possess eight cysteines except MbCFEM4 and MbCFEM11, which lack two cysteines each. Six MbCFEM proteins with a signal peptide and without trans-membrane domain were considered as candidate effectors for further functional analysis. Three-dimensional (3D) models of their CFEM domains presented a helical-basket structure homologous to the crucial virulence factor Csa2 of Candida albicans. Afterward, four (MbCFEM1, 6, 8, and 9) out of six candidate effectors were successfully cloned and a yeast signal sequence trap (YSST) assay confirmed their secretion activity. Pathogen challenge assays demonstrated that the transient expression of four candidate MbCFEM effectors in Nicotiana benthamiana promoted Fusarium proliferatum infection, respectively. In an N. benthamiana heterogeneous expression system, MbCFEM1, MbCFEM6, and MbCFEM9 appeared to suppress both BAX/INF1-triggered PCD, whereas MbCFEM8 could only defeat BAX-triggered PCD. Additionally, subcellular localization analysis indicated that the four candidate MbCFEM effectors accumulate in the cell membrane, nucleus, chloroplast, and cytosolic bodies. These results demonstrate that MbCFEM1, MbCFEM6, MbCFEM8, and MbCFEM9 are effectors of M. brunnea and provide valuable targets for further dissection of the molecular mechanisms underlying the poplar-M. brunnea interaction.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Qin Xiong
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, College of Biology and the Environment, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, China
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20
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Qian H, Song L, Wang L, Wang B, Liang W. The secreted FoAPY1 peptidase promotes Fusarium oxysporum invasion. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:1040302. [PMID: 36338032 PMCID: PMC9626516 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.1040302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2022] [Accepted: 10/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The secretion of peptidases from several pathogens has been reported, but the biological function of these proteins in plant-pathogen interactions is poorly understood. Fusarium oxysporum, a soil-borne plant pathogenic fungus that causes Fusarium wilt in its host, can secrete proteins into host plant cells during the infection process to interfere with the host plant defense response and promote disease occurrence. In this study, we identified a peptidase, FoAPY1, that could be secreted from F. oxysporum depending on the N-terminal signal peptide of the protein. FoAPY1 belongs to the peptidase M28 family and exerts peptidase activity in vitro. Furthermore, the FoAYP1 gene knockout strain (∆FoAYP1) presented reduced virulence to tomato plants, but its mycelial growth and conidiation were unchanged. Moreover, FoAYP1 overexpression tomato seedlings exhibited enhanced susceptibility to F. oxysporum and Botrytis cinerea strains. These data demonstrated that FoAYP1 contributes to the virulence of F. oxysporum may through peptidase activity against host plant proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hengwei Qian
- College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, China
| | - Limin Song
- Key Lab of Integrated Crop Pest Management of Shandong Province, College of Plant Health and Medicine, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China
| | - Lulu Wang
- Key Lab of Integrated Crop Pest Management of Shandong Province, College of Plant Health and Medicine, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China
| | - Baoshan Wang
- College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, China
| | - Wenxing Liang
- Key Lab of Integrated Crop Pest Management of Shandong Province, College of Plant Health and Medicine, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China
- *Correspondence: Wenxing Liang,
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21
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The molecular dialog between oomycete effectors and their plant and animal hosts. FUNGAL BIOL REV 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fbr.2022.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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22
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Wilson RA, McDowell JM. Recent advances in understanding of fungal and oomycete effectors. CURRENT OPINION IN PLANT BIOLOGY 2022; 68:102228. [PMID: 35605341 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbi.2022.102228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2022] [Revised: 04/04/2022] [Accepted: 04/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Fungal and oomycete pathogens secrete complex arrays of proteins and small RNAs to interface with plant-host targets and manipulate plant regulatory networks to the microbes' advantage. Research on these important virulence factors has been accelerated by improved genome sequences, refined bioinformatic prediction tools, and exploitation of efficient platforms for understanding effector gene expression and function. Recent studies have validated the expectation that oomycetes and fungi target many of the same sectors in immune signaling networks, but the specific host plant targets and modes of action are diverse. Effector research has also contributed to deeper understanding of the mechanisms of effector-triggered immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard A Wilson
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, USA
| | - John M McDowell
- School of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, USA.
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23
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Nemoto K, Niinae T, Goto F, Sugiyama N, Watanabe A, Shimizu M, Shiratake K, Nishihara M. Calcium-dependent protein kinase 16 phosphorylates and activates the aquaporin PIP2;2 to regulate reversible flower opening in Gentiana scabra. THE PLANT CELL 2022; 34:2652-2670. [PMID: 35441691 PMCID: PMC9252468 DOI: 10.1093/plcell/koac120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2021] [Accepted: 03/31/2022] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Flower opening is important for successful pollination in many plant species, and some species repeatedly open and close their flowers. This is thought to be due to turgor pressure changes caused by water influx/efflux, which depends on osmotic oscillations in the cells. In some ornamental plants, water-transporting aquaporins, also known as plasma membrane intrinsic proteins (PIPs), may play an important role in flower opening. However, the molecular mechanism(s) involved in corolla movement are largely unknown. Gentian (Gentiana spp.) flowers undergo reversible movement in response to temperature and light stimuli; using gentian as a model, we showed that the Gentiana scabra aquaporins GsPIP2;2 and GsPIP2;7 regulate repeated flower opening. In particular, phosphorylation of a C-terminal serine residue of GsPIP2;2 is important for its transport activity and relates closely to the flower re-opening rate. Furthermore, GsPIP2;2 is phosphorylated and activated by the calcium (Ca2+)-dependent protein kinase GsCPK16, which is activated by elevated cytosolic Ca2+ levels in response to temperature and light stimuli. We propose that GsCPK16-dependent phosphorylation and activation of GsPIP2;2 regulate gentian flower re-opening, with stimulus-induced Ca2+ signals acting as triggers.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Tomoya Niinae
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Fumina Goto
- Iwate Biotechnology Research Center, Kitakami, Iwate 024-0003, Japan
| | - Naoyuki Sugiyama
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Aiko Watanabe
- Iwate Biotechnology Research Center, Kitakami, Iwate 024-0003, Japan
| | - Motoki Shimizu
- Iwate Biotechnology Research Center, Kitakami, Iwate 024-0003, Japan
| | - Katsuhiro Shiratake
- Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan
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24
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Wang Y, Pruitt RN, Nürnberger T, Wang Y. Evasion of plant immunity by microbial pathogens. Nat Rev Microbiol 2022; 20:449-464. [PMID: 35296800 DOI: 10.1038/s41579-022-00710-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 115] [Impact Index Per Article: 57.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Plant pathogenic viruses, bacteria, fungi and oomycetes cause destructive diseases in natural habitats and agricultural settings, thereby threatening plant biodiversity and global food security. The capability of plants to sense and respond to microbial infection determines the outcome of plant-microorganism interactions. Host-adapted microbial pathogens exploit various infection strategies to evade or counter plant immunity and eventually establish a replicative niche. Evasion of plant immunity through dampening host recognition or the subsequent immune signalling and defence execution is a crucial infection strategy used by different microbial pathogens to cause diseases, underpinning a substantial obstacle for efficient deployment of host genetic resistance genes for sustainable disease control. In this Review, we discuss current knowledge of the varied strategies microbial pathogens use to evade the complicated network of plant immunity for successful infection. In addition, we discuss how to exploit this knowledge to engineer crop resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Wang
- Department of Plant Pathology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China.,The Key Laboratory of Plant Immunity, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Rory N Pruitt
- Centre for Molecular Biology of Plants (ZMBP), University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Thorsten Nürnberger
- Centre for Molecular Biology of Plants (ZMBP), University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.,Department of Biochemistry, University of Johannesburg, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Yuanchao Wang
- Department of Plant Pathology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China. .,The Key Laboratory of Plant Immunity, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China.
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25
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Yang K, Chen C, Wang Y, Li J, Dong X, Cheng Y, Zhang H, Zhai Y, Ai G, Song Q, Wang B, Liu W, Yin Z, Peng H, Shen D, Fang S, Dou D, Jing M. Nep1-Like Proteins From the Biocontrol Agent Pythium oligandrum Enhance Plant Disease Resistance Independent of Cell Death and Reactive Oxygen Species. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:830636. [PMID: 35310640 PMCID: PMC8931738 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.830636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2021] [Accepted: 01/12/2022] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Microbial necrosis and ethylene-inducing peptide 1 (Nep1)-like proteins (NLPs) act as cytolytic toxins and immunogenic patterns in plants. Our previous work shows that cytolytic NLPs (i.e., PyolNLP5 and PyolNLP7) from the biocontrol agent Pythium oligandrum enhance plant resistance against Phytophthora pathogens by inducing the expression of plant defensins. However, the relevance between PyolNLP-induced necrosis and plant resistance activation is still unclear. Here, we find that the necrosis-inducing activity of PyolNLP5 requires amino acid residues D127 and E129 within the conserved "GHRHDLE" motif. However, PyolNLP5-mediated plant disease resistance is irrelevant to its necrosis-inducing activity and the accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Furthermore, we reveal the positive role of non-cytotoxic PyolNLPs in enhancing plant resistance against Phytophthora pathogens and the fugal pathogen Sclerotinia sclerotiorum. Similarly, non-cytotoxic PyolNLPs also activate plant defense in a cell death-independent manner and induce defensin expression. The functions of non-cytotoxic PyolNLP13/14 rely on their conserved nlp24-like peptide pattern. Synthetic Pyolnlp24s derived from both cytotoxic and non-cytotoxic PyolNLPs can induce plant defensin expression. Unlike classic nlp24, Pyolnlp24s lack the ability of inducing ROS burst in plants with the presence of Arabidopsis nlp24 receptor RLP23. Taken together, our work demonstrates that PyolNLPs enhance plant resistance in an RLP23-independent manner, which requires the conserved nlp24-like peptide pattern but is uncoupled with ROS burst and cell death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kun Yang
- Department of Plant Pathology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Biological Interaction and Crop Health, Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Crop Diseases and Pests (Ministry of Education), Nanjing, China
| | - Chao Chen
- College of Plant Protection, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
| | - Yi Wang
- Department of Plant Pathology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Biological Interaction and Crop Health, Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Crop Diseases and Pests (Ministry of Education), Nanjing, China
| | - Jialu Li
- Department of Plant Pathology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Biological Interaction and Crop Health, Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Crop Diseases and Pests (Ministry of Education), Nanjing, China
| | - Xiaohua Dong
- Department of Plant Pathology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Biological Interaction and Crop Health, Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Crop Diseases and Pests (Ministry of Education), Nanjing, China
| | - Yang Cheng
- Department of Plant Pathology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Biological Interaction and Crop Health, Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Crop Diseases and Pests (Ministry of Education), Nanjing, China
| | - Huanxin Zhang
- Department of Plant Pathology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Biological Interaction and Crop Health, Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Crop Diseases and Pests (Ministry of Education), Nanjing, China
| | - Ying Zhai
- Department of Plant Pathology, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, United States
| | - Gan Ai
- Department of Plant Pathology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Biological Interaction and Crop Health, Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Crop Diseases and Pests (Ministry of Education), Nanjing, China
| | | | | | - Wentao Liu
- Shandong Linyi Tobacco Co., Ltd., Linyi, China
| | - Zhiyuan Yin
- Department of Plant Pathology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Biological Interaction and Crop Health, Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Crop Diseases and Pests (Ministry of Education), Nanjing, China
| | - Hao Peng
- Department of Plant Pathology, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, United States
| | - Danyu Shen
- Department of Plant Pathology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Biological Interaction and Crop Health, Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Crop Diseases and Pests (Ministry of Education), Nanjing, China
| | - Song Fang
- Tobacco Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao, China
| | - Daolong Dou
- Department of Plant Pathology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Biological Interaction and Crop Health, Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Crop Diseases and Pests (Ministry of Education), Nanjing, China
| | - Maofeng Jing
- Department of Plant Pathology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Biological Interaction and Crop Health, Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Crop Diseases and Pests (Ministry of Education), Nanjing, China
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26
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Guo L, Qi Y, Mu Y, Zhou J, Lu W, Tian Z. Potato StLecRK-IV.1 negatively regulates late blight resistance by affecting the stability of a positive regulator StTET8. HORTICULTURE RESEARCH 2022; 9:uhac010. [PMID: 35147183 PMCID: PMC9016858 DOI: 10.1093/hr/uhac010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2021] [Accepted: 12/12/2021] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Plant receptor-like kinases (RLKs) regulate many processes in plants. Many RLKs perform significant roles in plant immunity. Lectin receptor-like kinases (LecRLKs) are a large family of RLKs. However, the function of most of LecRLKs is poorly understood. In this study, we show that a potato LecRLK, StLecRK-IV.1, is involved in plant immunity against Phytophthora infestans. As a negative regulator of immunity, StLecRK-IV.1 is down-regulated by P. infestans and activated by abscisic acid (ABA). The transient expression of StLecRK-IV.1 in Nicotiana benthamiana enhanced P. infestans leaf colonization significantly. In contrast, the disease lesion size caused by P. infestans was reduced in Virus-induced gene silencing (VIGS) of StLecRK-IV.1 orthologue in N. benthamiana, NbLecRK-IV.1, as well as in potato plants with stable RNA interference of StLecRK-IV.1. Tetraspanin-8 (StTET8) was identified to be interacting with StLecRK-IV.1 using a membrane yeast-2-hybrid system, which was further verified by co-immunoprecipitation, a luciferase complementation assay, and a bimolecular fluorescence complementary (BiFC) test. StTET8 is a positive immune regulator that restrains P. infestans infection. The co-expression of StLecRK-IV.1 with StTET8 antagonized the positive roles of StTET8 against P. infestans. Moreover, the co-expression of StTET8 with StLecRK-IV.1 affected the stability of StTET8, which was confirmed by a Western blot assay and confocal assay. Taken together, our work firstly revealed that a potato L-type Lectin RLK, StLecRK-IV.1, negatively regulates plant immunity by targeting a positive regulator, StTET8, through affecting its stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Guo
- College of Agronomy, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology (HZAU), Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agricultural University (HZAU),Wuhan, 430070, China
- Key Laboratory of Potato Biology and Biotechnology (HZAU), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Huazhong Agricultural University,Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Yetong Qi
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology (HZAU), Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agricultural University (HZAU),Wuhan, 430070, China
- Key Laboratory of Potato Biology and Biotechnology (HZAU), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Huazhong Agricultural University,Wuhan, 430070, China
- Potato Engineering and Technology Research Center
of Hubei Province, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Yang Mu
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology (HZAU), Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agricultural University (HZAU),Wuhan, 430070, China
- Key Laboratory of Potato Biology and Biotechnology (HZAU), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Huazhong Agricultural University,Wuhan, 430070, China
- Potato Engineering and Technology Research Center
of Hubei Province, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Jing Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology (HZAU), Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agricultural University (HZAU),Wuhan, 430070, China
- Key Laboratory of Potato Biology and Biotechnology (HZAU), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Huazhong Agricultural University,Wuhan, 430070, China
- Potato Engineering and Technology Research Center
of Hubei Province, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Wenhe Lu
- College of Agronomy, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China
| | - Zhendong Tian
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology (HZAU), Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agricultural University (HZAU),Wuhan, 430070, China
- Key Laboratory of Potato Biology and Biotechnology (HZAU), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Huazhong Agricultural University,Wuhan, 430070, China
- Potato Engineering and Technology Research Center
of Hubei Province, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory. Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
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27
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Dong Y, Huang X, Yang Y, Li J, Zhang M, Shen H, Ren Y, Li X, Tian J, Shen D, Dou D, Xia A. Characterization of Salivary Secreted Proteins That Induce Cell Death From Riptortus pedestris (Fabricius) and Their Roles in Insect-Plant Interactions. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:912603. [PMID: 35860545 PMCID: PMC9289560 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.912603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2022] [Accepted: 06/08/2022] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Riptortus pedestris (Fabricius) is a polyphagous hemipteran crop pest that mainly feeds on the leguminous plants, resulting in shriveled and dimpled seeds. With recent several outbreaks in the Huang-Huai-Hai region of China, as well as in South Korea and Japan, this species has caused enormous economic losses to soybean crops. In the present study, we found that R. pedestris feeding results in local lesions at the infestation sites. To identify the key effectors that induce plant damage during feeding, the salivary glands of R. pedestris were dissected for transcriptome sequencing, and 200 putative secreted proteins were transiently expressed in N. benthamiana. Among them, three intracellular effectors (RP191, RP246, and RP302) and one apoplastic effector (RP309) were identified as necrosis-inducing proteins (NIPs), which also triggered the reactive oxidative burst. Yeast signal sequence trap and qRT-PCR analysis suggested that these proteins might be secreted into plant tissue during R. pedestris infestation. Pathogenicity assays revealed that RP191, 246, and 302 promote Phytophthora capsici infection or induce Spodoptera litura feeding by inhibiting plant immunity. RP302 is localized to the cytoplasm and nuclei, while RP191 and 246 are endoplasmic reticulum (ER) resident proteins. RP309 stimulates the expression of PTI marker genes, and its induced cell death depends on co-receptors NbBAK1 and NbSOBIR1, indicating that it is a HAMP. Bioinformatics analysis demonstrated that four NIPs are recently evolved effectors and only conserved in the Pentatomidae. In this study, saliva-secreted proteins were used as the starting point to preliminarily analyze the harm mechanism of R. pedestris, which might provide a new idea and theoretical basis for this species control.
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28
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Maurel C, Tournaire-Roux C, Verdoucq L, Santoni V. Hormonal and environmental signaling pathways target membrane water transport. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2021; 187:2056-2070. [PMID: 35235672 PMCID: PMC8644278 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiab373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2021] [Accepted: 07/13/2021] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Plant water transport and its molecular components including aquaporins are responsive, across diverse time scales, to an extremely wide array of environmental and hormonal signals. These include water deficit and abscisic acid (ABA) but also more recently identified stimuli such as peptide hormones or bacterial elicitors. The present review makes an inventory of corresponding signalling pathways. It identifies some main principles, such as the central signalling role of ROS, with a dual function of aquaporins in water and hydrogen peroxide transport, the importance of aquaporin phosphorylation that is targeted by multiple classes of protein kinases, and the emerging role of lipid signalling. More studies including systems biology approaches are now needed to comprehend how plant water transport can be adjusted in response to combined stresses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christophe Maurel
- BPMP, Univ Montpellier, CNRS, INRAE, Institut Agro, Montpellier, France
- Author for Communication:
| | | | - Lionel Verdoucq
- BPMP, Univ Montpellier, CNRS, INRAE, Institut Agro, Montpellier, France
| | - Véronique Santoni
- BPMP, Univ Montpellier, CNRS, INRAE, Institut Agro, Montpellier, France
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29
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Chepsergon J, Motaung TE, Moleleki LN. "Core" RxLR effectors in phytopathogenic oomycetes: A promising way to breeding for durable resistance in plants? Virulence 2021; 12:1921-1935. [PMID: 34304703 PMCID: PMC8516161 DOI: 10.1080/21505594.2021.1948277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2021] [Revised: 06/11/2021] [Accepted: 06/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Phytopathogenic oomycetes are known to successfully infect their hosts due to their ability to secrete effector proteins. Of interest to many researchers are effectors with the N-terminal RxLR motif (Arginine-any amino acid-Leucine-Arginine). Owing to advances in genome sequencing, we can now comprehend the high level of diversity among oomycete effectors, and similarly, their conservation within and among species referred to here as "core" RxLR effectors (CREs). Currently, there is a considerable number of CREs that have been identified in oomycetes. Functional characterization of these CREs propose their virulence role with the potential of targeting central cellular processes that are conserved across diverse plant species. We reason that effectors that are highly conserved and recognized by the host, could be harnessed in engineering plants for durable as well as broad-spectrum resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jane Chepsergon
- Department of Biochemistry, Genetics and Microbiology, Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, Gauteng, South Africa
| | - Thabiso E. Motaung
- Department of Biochemistry, Genetics and Microbiology, Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, Gauteng, South Africa
| | - Lucy Novungayo Moleleki
- Department of Biochemistry, Genetics and Microbiology, Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, Gauteng, South Africa
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30
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Wang X, Lu K, Yao X, Zhang L, Wang F, Wu D, Peng J, Chen X, Du J, Wei J, Ma J, Chen L, Zou S, Zhang C, Zhang M, Dong H. The Aquaporin TaPIP2;10 Confers Resistance to Two Fungal Diseases in Wheat. PHYTOPATHOLOGY 2021; 111:2317-2331. [PMID: 34058861 DOI: 10.1094/phyto-02-21-0048-r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Plants employ aquaporins (AQPs) of the plasma membrane intrinsic protein (PIP) family to import environmental substrates, thereby affecting various processes, such as the cellular responses regulated by the signaling molecule hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). Common wheat (Triticum aestivum) contains 24 candidate members of the PIP family, designated as TaPIP1;1 to TaPIP1;12 and TaPIP2;1 to TaPIP2;12. None of these TaPIP candidates have been characterized for substrate selectivity or defense responses in their source plant. Here, we report that T. aestivum AQP TaPIP2;10 facilitates the cellular uptake of H2O2 to confer resistance against powdery mildew and Fusarium head blight, two devastating fungal diseases in wheat throughout the world. In wheat, the apoplastic H2O2 signal is induced by fungal attack, while TaPIP2;10 is stimulated to translocate this H2O2 into the cytoplasm, where it activates defense responses to restrict further attack. TaPIP2;10-mediated transport of H2O2 is essential for pathogen-associated molecular pattern-triggered plant immunity (PTI). Typical PTI responses are induced by the fungal infection and intensified by overexpression of the TaPIP2;10 gene. TaPIP2;10 overexpression causes a 70% enhancement in wheat resistance to powdery mildew and an 86% enhancement in resistance to Fusarium head blight. By reducing the disease severities, TaPIP2;10 overexpression brings about >37% increase in wheat grain yield. These results verify the feasibility of using an immunity-relevant AQP to concomitantly improve crop productivity and immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaobing Wang
- College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province 210095, China
| | - Kai Lu
- College of Plant Protection, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, Shandong Province 271018, China
| | - Xiaohui Yao
- College of Plant Protection, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, Shandong Province 271018, China
| | - Liyuan Zhang
- College of Plant Protection, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, Shandong Province 271018, China
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, Shandong Province 271018, China
| | - Fubin Wang
- Institute of Environmental Sciences & Resources and Plant Protection, Jining Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jining, Shandon Province 272000, China
| | - Degong Wu
- College of Agriculture, Anhui Science and Technology University, Fengyang, Anhui Province 233100, China
| | - Jinfeng Peng
- College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province 210095, China
| | - Xiaochen Chen
- College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province 210095, China
| | - Junli Du
- College of Agriculture, Anhui Science and Technology University, Fengyang, Anhui Province 233100, China
| | - Jiankun Wei
- College of Plant Protection, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, Shandong Province 271018, China
| | - Jingyu Ma
- Institute of Environmental Sciences & Resources and Plant Protection, Jining Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jining, Shandon Province 272000, China
| | - Lei Chen
- College of Plant Protection, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, Shandong Province 271018, China
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, Shandong Province 271018, China
| | - Shenshen Zou
- College of Plant Protection, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, Shandong Province 271018, China
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, Shandong Province 271018, China
| | - Chunling Zhang
- College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province 210095, China
| | - Meixiang Zhang
- College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province 210095, China
| | - Hansong Dong
- College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province 210095, China
- College of Plant Protection, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, Shandong Province 271018, China
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, Shandong Province 271018, China
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Ai G, Zhu H, Fu X, Liu J, Li T, Cheng Y, Zhou Y, Yang K, Pan W, Zhang H, Wu Z, Dong S, Xia Y, Wang Y, Xia A, Wang Y, Dou D, Jing M. Phytophthora infection signals-induced translocation of NAC089 is required for endoplasmic reticulum stress response-mediated plant immunity. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2021; 108:67-80. [PMID: 34374485 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.15425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2020] [Revised: 07/09/2021] [Accepted: 07/14/2021] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Plants deploy various immune receptors to recognize pathogen-derived extracellular signals and subsequently activate the downstream defense response. Recently, increasing evidence indicates that the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) plays a part in the plant defense response, known as ER stress-mediated immunity (ERSI), that halts pathogen infection. However, the mechanism for the ER stress response to signals of pathogen infection remains unclear. Here, we characterized the ER stress response regulator NAC089, which was previously reported to positively regulate programed cell death (PCD), functioning as an ERSI regulator. NAC089 translocated from the ER to the nucleus via the Golgi in response to Phytophthora capsici culture filtrate (CF), which is a mixture of pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs). Plasma membrane localized co-receptor BRASSINOSTEROID INSENSITIVE 1-associated receptor kinase 1 (BAK1) was required for the CF-mediated translocation of NAC089. The nuclear localization of NAC089, determined by the NAC domain, was essential for immune activation and PCD. Furthermore, NAC089 positively contributed to host resistance against the oomycete pathogen P. capsici and the bacteria pathogen Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato (Pst) DC3000. We also proved that NAC089-mediated immunity is conserved in Nicotiana benthamiana. Together, we found that PAMP signaling induces the activation of ER stress in plants, and that NAC089 is required for ERSI and plant resistance against pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gan Ai
- The Key Laboratory of Plant Immunity, College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Hai Zhu
- The Key Laboratory of Plant Immunity, College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Xiaowei Fu
- The Key Laboratory of Plant Immunity, College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Jin Liu
- The Key Laboratory of Plant Immunity, College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Tianli Li
- The Key Laboratory of Plant Immunity, College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Yang Cheng
- The Key Laboratory of Plant Immunity, College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Yang Zhou
- The Key Laboratory of Plant Immunity, College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Kun Yang
- The Key Laboratory of Plant Immunity, College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Weiye Pan
- The Key Laboratory of Plant Immunity, College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Huanxin Zhang
- The Key Laboratory of Plant Immunity, College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Zishan Wu
- The Key Laboratory of Plant Immunity, College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Saiyu Dong
- The Key Laboratory of Plant Immunity, College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Yeqiang Xia
- The Key Laboratory of Plant Immunity, College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Yuanchao Wang
- The Key Laboratory of Plant Immunity, College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Ai Xia
- The Key Laboratory of Plant Immunity, College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Yiming Wang
- The Key Laboratory of Plant Immunity, College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Daolong Dou
- The Key Laboratory of Plant Immunity, College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Maofeng Jing
- The Key Laboratory of Plant Immunity, College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
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Wang W, Nie J, Lv L, Gong W, Wang S, Yang M, Xu L, Li M, Du H, Huang L. A Valsa mali Effector Protein 1 Targets Apple ( Malus domestica) Pathogenesis-Related 10 Protein to Promote Virulence. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:741342. [PMID: 34691119 PMCID: PMC8528966 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.741342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2021] [Accepted: 09/13/2021] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
To successfully colonize the plants, the pathogenic microbes secrete a mass of effector proteins which manipulate host immunity. Apple valsa canker is a destructive disease caused by the weakly parasitic fungus Valsa mali. A previous study indicated that the V. mali effector protein 1 (VmEP1) is an essential virulence factor. However, the pathogenic mechanism of VmEP1 in V. mali remains poorly understood. In this study, we found that the apple (Malus domestica) pathogenesis-related 10 proteins (MdPR10) are the virulence target of VmEP1 using a yeast two-hybrid screening. By bimolecular fluorescence (BiFC) and coimmunoprecipitation (Co-IP), we confirmed that the VmEP1 interacts with MdPR10 in vivo. Silencing of MdPR10 notably enhanced the V. mali infection, and overexpression of MdPR10 markedly reduced its infection, which corroborates its positive role in plant immunity against V. mali. Furthermore, we showed that the co-expression of VmEP1 with MdPR10 compromised the MdPR10-mediated resistance to V. mali. Taken together, our results revealed a mechanism by which a V. mali effector protein suppresses the host immune responses by interfering with the MdPR10-mediated resistance to V. mali during the infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weidong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, Yangling, China
- College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Jiajun Nie
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, Yangling, China
- College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Luqiong Lv
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, Yangling, China
- College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Wan Gong
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, Yangling, China
- College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Shuaile Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, Yangling, China
- College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Mingming Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, Yangling, China
- College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Liangsheng Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, Yangling, China
- College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Mingjun Li
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, Yangling, China
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Hongxia Du
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, Yangling, China
- College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Lili Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, Yangling, China
- College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
- *Correspondence: Lili Huang,
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