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Liu X, Zhu H, Liu P, Ge J, Rao Q, He W, Sun J. Liver damage and lipid metabolic dysregulation in adult zebrafish (Danio rerio) induced by spirotetramat. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 951:175525. [PMID: 39147054 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.175525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2024] [Revised: 08/11/2024] [Accepted: 08/12/2024] [Indexed: 08/17/2024]
Abstract
Spirotetramat, an insecticide derived from cycloketone and extensively utilized in agricultural production, has been reported to be toxic to an array of aquatic organisms. Previous studies have indicated that spirotetramat can cause toxicity such as impaired ovarian development and apoptosis in zebrafish, but its toxicological effects on lipid metabolism and liver health in zebrafish remain unclear. In this study, we explored the effects of spirotetramat exposure on zebrafish (Danio rerio) by examining key markers of lipid metabolism, alterations in gene expression related to this process, and histological characteristics of the liver. Spirotetramat significantly reduced the condition factor, triglycerides and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels at 2 mg/L. The expression of genes related to fatty acid synthesis (acacb), β-oxidation (acox1, pparda) and pro-inflammatory cytokines (tnf-α, il-1β) was downregulated. However, the expression of genes related to lipid transport and uptake (cd36, ppara) and output (apob) was upregulated. The activity of alanine aminotransferase was significantly inhibited. Histopathology results showed that spirotetramat exposure led to liver cell vacuolation and necrosis. In addition, molecular docking results of spirotetramat and lipid transport related protein (ACC, ApoB) in both zebrafish and human showed the binding energy of human proteins is lower than that for zebrafish, and that the number of hydrogen bonds formed was higher. It is speculated that spirotetramat may also pose a significant potential hazard to humans, potentially affecting human lipid metabolism and health. This study expunge shed light on the ecological toxicity of spirotetramat by showing how it disrupts lipid metabolism and causes tissue damage specifically in zebrafish liver, contributing to a deeper understanding of its harmful effects in aquatic environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xunyue Liu
- Key Laboratory for Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insect Pests and Their Ecological Regulation of Zhejiang Province, College of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, Zhejiang A & F University, Hangzhou 311300, China; Key Laboratory of Microbial Control Technology for Industrial Pollution in Zhejiang Province, College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China
| | - Haojie Zhu
- Key Laboratory for Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insect Pests and Their Ecological Regulation of Zhejiang Province, College of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, Zhejiang A & F University, Hangzhou 311300, China
| | - Peng Liu
- Key Laboratory for Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insect Pests and Their Ecological Regulation of Zhejiang Province, College of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, Zhejiang A & F University, Hangzhou 311300, China
| | - Junyao Ge
- Key Laboratory for Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insect Pests and Their Ecological Regulation of Zhejiang Province, College of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, Zhejiang A & F University, Hangzhou 311300, China
| | - Qiong Rao
- Key Laboratory for Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insect Pests and Their Ecological Regulation of Zhejiang Province, College of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, Zhejiang A & F University, Hangzhou 311300, China
| | - Wenze He
- Key Laboratory for Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insect Pests and Their Ecological Regulation of Zhejiang Province, College of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, Zhejiang A & F University, Hangzhou 311300, China
| | - Jianqiang Sun
- Key Laboratory of Microbial Control Technology for Industrial Pollution in Zhejiang Province, College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China.
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Fiehn F, Beisel C, Binder M. Hepatitis C virus and hepatocellular carcinoma: carcinogenesis in the era of direct-acting antivirals. Curr Opin Virol 2024; 67:101423. [PMID: 38925094 DOI: 10.1016/j.coviro.2024.101423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2024] [Revised: 05/31/2024] [Accepted: 06/02/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024]
Abstract
Chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is a major cause of hepatic fibrosis and cirrhosis, with a risk for the development of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Although highly effective direct-acting antivirals (DAAs) are available, the incidence, morbidity, and mortality of HCV-associated HCC are still high. This article reviews the current knowledge of the mechanisms of HCV-induced carcinogenesis with a special focus on those processes that continue after virus clearance and outlines implications for patient surveillance after DAA treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felix Fiehn
- Research Group "Dynamics of Early Viral Infection and the Innate Antiviral Response", Division Virus-Associated Carcinogenesis (D430), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany; Medical Faculty Heidelberg, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Claudia Beisel
- Department of Internal Medicine IV, Gastroenterology and Infectious Diseases, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany; German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Marco Binder
- Research Group "Dynamics of Early Viral Infection and the Innate Antiviral Response", Division Virus-Associated Carcinogenesis (D430), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany.
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Hsia JZ, Liu D, Haynes L, Cruz-Cosme R, Tang Q. Lipid Droplets: Formation, Degradation, and Their Role in Cellular Responses to Flavivirus Infections. Microorganisms 2024; 12:647. [PMID: 38674592 PMCID: PMC11051834 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms12040647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2024] [Revised: 03/18/2024] [Accepted: 03/22/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Lipid droplets (LDs) are cellular organelles derived from the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), serving as lipid storage sites crucial for maintaining cellular lipid homeostasis. Recent attention has been drawn to their roles in viral replication and their interactions with viruses. However, the precise biological functions of LDs in viral replication and pathogenesis remain incompletely understood. To elucidate the interaction between LDs and viruses, it is imperative to comprehend the biogenesis of LDs and their dynamic interactions with other organelles. In this review, we explore the intricate pathways involved in LD biogenies within the cytoplasm, encompassing the uptake of fatty acid from nutrients facilitated by CD36-mediated membranous protein (FABP/FATP)-FA complexes, and FA synthesis via glycolysis in the cytoplasm and the TCL cycle in mitochondria. While LD biogenesis primarily occurs in the ER, matured LDs are intricately linked to multiple organelles. Viral infections can lead to diverse consequences in terms of LD status within cells post-infection, potentially involving the breakdown of LDs through the activation of lipophagy. However, the exact mechanisms underlying LD destruction or accumulation by viruses remain elusive. The significance of LDs in viral replication renders them effective targets for developing broad-spectrum antivirals. Moreover, considering that reducing neutral lipids in LDs is a strategy for anti-obesity treatment, LD depletion may not pose harm to cells. This presents LDs as promising antiviral targets for developing therapeutics that are minimally or non-toxic to the host.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Qiyi Tang
- Department of Microbiology, Howard University College of Medicine, Washington, DC 20059, USA; (J.Z.H.); (D.L.); (L.H.); (R.C.-C.)
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Corneillie L, Lemmens I, Weening K, De Meyer A, Van Houtte F, Tavernier J, Meuleman P. Virus-Host Protein Interaction Network of the Hepatitis E Virus ORF2-4 by Mammalian Two-Hybrid Assays. Viruses 2023; 15:2412. [PMID: 38140653 PMCID: PMC10748205 DOI: 10.3390/v15122412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2023] [Revised: 12/01/2023] [Accepted: 12/04/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Throughout their life cycle, viruses interact with cellular host factors, thereby influencing propagation, host range, cell tropism and pathogenesis. The hepatitis E virus (HEV) is an underestimated RNA virus in which knowledge of the virus-host interaction network to date is limited. Here, two related high-throughput mammalian two-hybrid approaches (MAPPIT and KISS) were used to screen for HEV-interacting host proteins. Promising hits were examined on protein function, involved pathway(s), and their relation to other viruses. We identified 37 ORF2 hits, 187 for ORF3 and 91 for ORF4. Several hits had functions in the life cycle of distinct viruses. We focused on SHARPIN and RNF5 as candidate hits for ORF3, as they are involved in the RLR-MAVS pathway and interferon (IFN) induction during viral infections. Knocking out (KO) SHARPIN and RNF5 resulted in a different IFN response upon ORF3 transfection, compared to wild-type cells. Moreover, infection was increased in SHARPIN KO cells and decreased in RNF5 KO cells. In conclusion, MAPPIT and KISS are valuable tools to study virus-host interactions, providing insights into the poorly understood HEV life cycle. We further provide evidence for two identified hits as new host factors in the HEV life cycle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Corneillie
- Laboratory of Liver Infectious Diseases, Department of Diagnostic Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Irma Lemmens
- VIB-UGent Center for Medical Biotechnology, Department of Biomolecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Karin Weening
- Laboratory of Liver Infectious Diseases, Department of Diagnostic Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Amse De Meyer
- Laboratory of Liver Infectious Diseases, Department of Diagnostic Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Freya Van Houtte
- Laboratory of Liver Infectious Diseases, Department of Diagnostic Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Jan Tavernier
- VIB-UGent Center for Medical Biotechnology, Department of Biomolecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Philip Meuleman
- Laboratory of Liver Infectious Diseases, Department of Diagnostic Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
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Fei S, Xia J, Ma G, Zhang M, Sun J, Feng M, Wang Y. Apolipoprotein D facilitate the proliferation of BmNPV. Int J Biol Macromol 2022; 223:830-836. [PMID: 36372108 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.11.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2022] [Revised: 10/30/2022] [Accepted: 11/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
The silkworm, Bombyx mori, a model Lepidopteran specie, is an important economic insect. It is specifically infected by Bombyx mori nucleopolyhedrovirus (BmNPV), causing huge losses to the sericulture industry. Therefore, the understandings of the interaction mechanism between BmNPV and the host will help to provide the theoretical basis for the sericulture industry to control BmNPV. Apolipoprotein D (ApoD) is a member of lipid transport family and capable of binding to a variety of lipophilic ligands. ApoD is mainly used in neurodegenerative disease research in mammals, and there is little research on ApoD against viruses. Here, we explored the effects of Bombyx mori Apolipoprotein D (BmApoD) on BmNPV replication. We knocked out and overexpressed BmApoD in BmN cells and infected them with Bombyx mori nucleopolyhedrovirus (BmNPV). The results showed that BmApoD promote the replication of BmNPV in BmN cells. It was also confirmed that BmApoD promote the replication of BmNPV after knocking down BmApoD in silkworm larvae. This study is the first to explore the role of ApoD in insect-virus interactions, providing new insights into the functional role of ApoD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shigang Fei
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Agro-Animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Junming Xia
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Agro-Animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Guangyu Ma
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Agro-Animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Mengmeng Zhang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Agro-Animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jingchen Sun
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Agro-Animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Min Feng
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Agro-Animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Yeyuan Wang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Agro-Animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China.
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