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Tataranu LG, Turliuc S, Rizea RE, Dricu A, Alexandru O, Staicu GA, Kamel A. A Synopsis of Biomarkers in Glioblastoma: Past and Present. Curr Issues Mol Biol 2024; 46:6903-6939. [PMID: 39057054 PMCID: PMC11275428 DOI: 10.3390/cimb46070412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2024] [Revised: 06/27/2024] [Accepted: 07/01/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Accounting for 48% of malignant brain tumors in adults, glioblastoma has been of great interest in the last decades, especially in the biomolecular and neurosurgical fields, due to its incurable nature and notable neurological morbidity. The major advancements in neurosurgical technologies have positively influenced the extent of safe tumoral resection, while the latest progress in the biomolecular field of GBM has uncovered new potential therapeutical targets. Although GBM currently has no curative therapy, recent progress has been made in the management of this disease, both from surgical and molecular perspectives. The main current therapeutic approach is multimodal and consists of neurosurgical intervention, radiotherapy, and chemotherapy, mostly with temozolomide. Although most patients will develop treatment resistance and tumor recurrence after surgical removal, biomolecular advancements regarding GBM have contributed to a better understanding of this pathology and its therapeutic management. Over the past few decades, specific biomarkers have been discovered that have helped predict prognosis and treatment responses and contributed to improvements in survival rates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ligia Gabriela Tataranu
- Neurosurgical Department, University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Carol Davila”, 020022 Bucharest, Romania;
- Neurosurgical Department, Clinical Emergency Hospital “Bagdasar-Arseni”, 041915 Bucharest, Romania;
| | - Serban Turliuc
- Medical Department, University of Medicine and Pharmacy “G. T. Popa”, 700115 Iasi, Romania;
| | - Radu Eugen Rizea
- Neurosurgical Department, University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Carol Davila”, 020022 Bucharest, Romania;
- Neurosurgical Department, Clinical Emergency Hospital “Bagdasar-Arseni”, 041915 Bucharest, Romania;
| | - Anica Dricu
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 200349 Craiova, Romania (O.A.); (G.-A.S.)
| | - Oana Alexandru
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 200349 Craiova, Romania (O.A.); (G.-A.S.)
| | - Georgiana-Adeline Staicu
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 200349 Craiova, Romania (O.A.); (G.-A.S.)
| | - Amira Kamel
- Neurosurgical Department, Clinical Emergency Hospital “Bagdasar-Arseni”, 041915 Bucharest, Romania;
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Nair NU, Schäffer AA, Gertz EM, Cheng K, Zerbib J, Sahu AD, Leor G, Shulman ED, Aldape KD, Ben-David U, Ruppin E. Chromosome 7 to the rescue: overcoming chromosome 10 loss in gliomas. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.01.17.576103. [PMID: 38313282 PMCID: PMC10836086 DOI: 10.1101/2024.01.17.576103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2024]
Abstract
The co-occurrence of chromosome 10 loss and chromosome 7 gain in gliomas is the most frequent loss-gain co-aneuploidy pair in human cancers, a phenomenon that has been investigated without resolution since the late 1980s. Expanding beyond previous gene-centric studies, we investigate the co-occurrence in a genome-wide manner taking an evolutionary perspective. First, by mining large tumor aneuploidy data, we predict that the more likely order is 10 loss followed by 7 gain. Second, by analyzing extensive genomic and transcriptomic data from both patients and cell lines, we find that this co-occurrence can be explained by functional rescue interactions that are highly enriched on 7, which can possibly compensate for any detrimental consequences arising from the loss of 10. Finally, by analyzing transcriptomic data from normal, non-cancerous, human brain tissues, we provide a plausible reason why this co-occurrence happens preferentially in cancers originating in certain regions of the brain.
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Otsuji R, Hata N, Yamamoto H, Kuga D, Hatae R, Sangatsuda Y, Fujioka Y, Noguchi N, Sako A, Togao O, Yoshitake T, Nakamizo A, Mizoguchi M, Yoshimoto K. Hemizygous deletion of cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 2A/B with p16 immuno-negative and methylthioadenosine phosphorylase retention predicts poor prognosis in IDH-mutant adult glioma. Neurooncol Adv 2024; 6:vdae069. [PMID: 39022644 PMCID: PMC11252564 DOI: 10.1093/noajnl/vdae069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Homozygous deletion of the tumor suppression genes cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 2A/B (CDKN2A/B) is a strong adverse prognostic factor in IDH-mutant gliomas, particularly astrocytoma. However, the impact of hemizygous deletion of CDKN2A/B is unknown. Furthermore, the influence of CDKN2A/B status in IDH-mutant and 1p/19q-codeleted oligodendroglioma remains controversial. We examined the impact of CDKN2A/B status classification, including hemizygous deletions, on the prognosis of IDH-mutant gliomas. Methods We enrolled 101 adults with IDH-mutant glioma between December 2002 and November 2021. CDKN2A/B deletion was evaluated with multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification (MLPA). Immunohistochemical analysis of p16/MTAP and promoter methylation analysis with methylation-specific MLPA was performed for cases with CDKN2A/B deletion. Kaplan - Meier plots and Cox proportion hazards model analyses were performed to evaluate the impact on overall (OS) and progression-free survival. Results Of 101 cases, 12 and 4 were classified as hemizygous and homozygous deletion, respectively. Immunohistochemistry revealed p16-negative and MTAP retention in cases with hemizygous deletion, whereas homozygous deletions had p16-negative and MTAP loss. In astrocytoma, OS was shorter in the order of homozygous deletion, hemizygous deletion, and copy-neutral groups (median OS: 38.5, 59.5, and 93.1 months, respectively). Multivariate analysis revealed hazard ratios of 9.30 (P = .0191) and 2.44 (P = .0943) for homozygous and hemizygous deletions, respectively. Conclusions CDKN2A/B hemizygous deletions exerted a negative impact on OS in astrocytoma. Immunohistochemistry of p16/MTAP can be utilized to validate hemizygous or homozygous deletions in combination with conventional molecular diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryosuke Otsuji
- Department of Neurosurgery, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Nobuhiro Hata
- Department of Neurosurgery, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
- Department of Neurosurgery, Oita University Faculty of Medicine, Yufu, Oita, Japan
| | - Hidetaka Yamamoto
- Department of Anatomic Pathology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
- Department of Pathology, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan
| | - Daisuke Kuga
- Department of Neurosurgery, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Ryusuke Hatae
- Department of Neurosurgery, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Yuhei Sangatsuda
- Department of Neurosurgery, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Yutaka Fujioka
- Department of Neurosurgery, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Naoki Noguchi
- Department of Neurosurgery, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Aki Sako
- Department of Neurosurgery, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Osamu Togao
- Department of Clinical Radiology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Tadamasa Yoshitake
- Department of Clinical Radiology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Akira Nakamizo
- Department of Neurosurgery, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Masahiro Mizoguchi
- Department of Neurosurgery, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
- Department of Neurosurgery, National Hospital Organization Kyushu Medical Center, Clinical Research Institute, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Koji Yoshimoto
- Department of Neurosurgery, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
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Genomic and Epigenomic Features of Glioblastoma Multiforme and its Biomarkers. JOURNAL OF ONCOLOGY 2022; 2022:4022960. [PMID: 36185622 PMCID: PMC9519330 DOI: 10.1155/2022/4022960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2022] [Revised: 08/14/2022] [Accepted: 09/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Glioblastoma multiforme is a serious and life-threatening tumor of central nervous system, characterized by aggressive behavior, poor prognosis, and low survival rate. Despite of the availability of aggressive antitumor therapeutic regimen for glioblastoma (radiotherapy followed by chemotherapeutic dose), recovery rate, and patients' survival ratio is attributed to the lack of selectivity of therapeutic drugs and less advancement in cancer therapeutics over last decade. Moreover, tools employed in conventional diagnosis of glioblastoma are more invasive and painful, making the process excruciating for the patients. These challenges urge for the need of novel biomarkers for diagnosis, prognosis, and prediction purpose with less invasiveness and more patient compliance. This article will explore the genetic biomarkers isocitrate dehydrogenase mutation, MGMT mutations, and EGFR that can be deployed as an analytical tool in diagnosis of disease and prognosis of a therapeutic course. The review also highlights the importance of employing novel microRNAs as prognostic biomarkers. Recent clinical advancements to treat GBM and to prevent relapse of the disease are also discussed in this article in the hope of finding a robust and effective method to treat GBM.
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Senhaji N, Squalli Houssaini A, Lamrabet S, Louati S, Bennis S. Molecular and Circulating Biomarkers in Patients with Glioblastoma. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:7474. [PMID: 35806478 PMCID: PMC9267689 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23137474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2022] [Revised: 04/28/2022] [Accepted: 05/16/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma is the most aggressive malignant tumor of the central nervous system with a low survival rate. The difficulty of obtaining this tumor material represents a major limitation, making the real-time monitoring of tumor progression difficult, especially in the events of recurrence or resistance to treatment. The identification of characteristic biomarkers is indispensable for an accurate diagnosis, the rigorous follow-up of patients, and the development of new personalized treatments. Liquid biopsy, as a minimally invasive procedure, holds promise in this regard. The purpose of this paper is to summarize the current literature regarding the identification of molecular and circulating glioblastoma biomarkers and the importance of their integration as a valuable tool to improve patient care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadia Senhaji
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Moulay Ismail University, Meknes 50000, Morocco
- Laboratory of Biomedical and Translational Research, Faculty of Medicine, Pharmacy and Dental Medicine of Fez, Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah University, Fez 30070, Morocco; (A.S.H.); (S.L.); (S.B.)
| | - Asmae Squalli Houssaini
- Laboratory of Biomedical and Translational Research, Faculty of Medicine, Pharmacy and Dental Medicine of Fez, Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah University, Fez 30070, Morocco; (A.S.H.); (S.L.); (S.B.)
| | - Salma Lamrabet
- Laboratory of Biomedical and Translational Research, Faculty of Medicine, Pharmacy and Dental Medicine of Fez, Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah University, Fez 30070, Morocco; (A.S.H.); (S.L.); (S.B.)
| | - Sara Louati
- Medical Biotechnology Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy of Rabat, Mohammed Vth University, Rabat 10000, Morocco;
| | - Sanae Bennis
- Laboratory of Biomedical and Translational Research, Faculty of Medicine, Pharmacy and Dental Medicine of Fez, Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah University, Fez 30070, Morocco; (A.S.H.); (S.L.); (S.B.)
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Fujii Y, Hatae R, Hata N, Suzuki SO, Sangatsuda Y, Takigawa K, Funakoshi Y, Fujioka Y, Kuga D, Mizoguchi M, Iwaki T, Yoshimoto K. A case of ganglioglioma grade 3 with
H3 K27M
mutation arising in the medial temporal lobe in an elderly patient. Neuropathology 2022; 42:197-203. [DOI: 10.1111/neup.12793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2021] [Revised: 11/08/2021] [Accepted: 11/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yutaro Fujii
- Department of Neurosurgery, Graduate School of Medical Sciences Kyushu University Fukuoka Japan
| | - Ryusuke Hatae
- Department of Neurosurgery, Graduate School of Medical Sciences Kyushu University Fukuoka Japan
| | - Nobuhiro Hata
- Department of Neurosurgery, Graduate School of Medical Sciences Kyushu University Fukuoka Japan
| | - Satoshi O. Suzuki
- Department of Neuropathology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences Kyushu University Fukuoka Japan
| | - Yuhei Sangatsuda
- Department of Neurosurgery, Graduate School of Medical Sciences Kyushu University Fukuoka Japan
| | - Kosuke Takigawa
- Department of Neurosurgery, Graduate School of Medical Sciences Kyushu University Fukuoka Japan
| | - Yusuke Funakoshi
- Department of Neurosurgery, Graduate School of Medical Sciences Kyushu University Fukuoka Japan
| | - Yutaka Fujioka
- Department of Neurosurgery, Graduate School of Medical Sciences Kyushu University Fukuoka Japan
| | - Daisuke Kuga
- Department of Neurosurgery, Graduate School of Medical Sciences Kyushu University Fukuoka Japan
| | - Masahiro Mizoguchi
- Department of Neurosurgery, Graduate School of Medical Sciences Kyushu University Fukuoka Japan
| | - Toru Iwaki
- Department of Neuropathology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences Kyushu University Fukuoka Japan
| | - Koji Yoshimoto
- Department of Neurosurgery, Graduate School of Medical Sciences Kyushu University Fukuoka Japan
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Amemiya T, Hata N, Mizoguchi M, Yokokawa R, Kawamura Y, Hatae R, Sangatsuda Y, Kuga D, Fujioka Y, Takigawa K, Akagi Y, Yoshimoto K, Iihara K, Miura T. Mesenchymal glioblastoma-induced mature de-novo vessel formation of vascular endothelial cells in a microfluidic device. Mol Biol Rep 2021; 48:395-403. [PMID: 33387197 PMCID: PMC7884354 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-020-06061-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2020] [Accepted: 12/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
High vascularization is a biological characteristic of glioblastoma (GBM); however, an in-vitro experimental model to verify the mechanism and physiological role of vasculogenesis in GBM is not well-established. Recently, we established a self-organizing vasculogenic model using human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) co-cultivated with human lung fibroblasts (hLFs). Here, we exploited this system to establish a realistic model of vasculogenesis in GBM. We developed two polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) devices, a doughnut-hole dish and a 5-lane microfluidic device to observe the contact-independent effects of glioblastoma cells on HUVECs. We tested five patient-derived and five widely used GBM cell lines. Confocal fluorescence microscopy was used to observe the morphological changes in Red Fluorescent Protein (RFP)-HUVECs and fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC)-dextran perfusion. The genetic and expression properties of GBM cell lines were analyzed. The doughnut-hole dish assay revealed KNS1451 as the only cells to induce HUVEC transformation to vessel-like structures, similar to hLFs. The 5-lane device assay demonstrated that KNS1451 promoted the formation of a vascular network that was fully perfused, revealing the functioning luminal construction. Microarray analysis revealed that KNS1451 is a mesenchymal subtype of GBM. Using a patient-derived mesenchymal GBM cell line, mature de-novo vessel formation could be induced in HUVECs by contact-independent co-culture with GBM in a microfluidic device. These results support the development of a novel in vitro research model and provide novel insights in the neovasculogenic mechanism of GBM and may potentially facilitate the future detection of unknown molecular targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takeo Amemiya
- Department of Neurosurgery, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, 812-8582 Japan
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka City, Japan
| | - Nobuhiro Hata
- Department of Neurosurgery, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, 812-8582 Japan
| | - Masahiro Mizoguchi
- Department of Neurosurgery, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, 812-8582 Japan
| | - Ryuji Yokokawa
- Department of Micro Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Kyoto city, Japan
| | - Yoichiro Kawamura
- Department of Neurosurgery, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, 812-8582 Japan
| | - Ryusuke Hatae
- Department of Neurosurgery, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, 812-8582 Japan
| | - Yuhei Sangatsuda
- Department of Neurosurgery, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, 812-8582 Japan
| | - Daisuke Kuga
- Department of Neurosurgery, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, 812-8582 Japan
| | - Yutaka Fujioka
- Department of Neurosurgery, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, 812-8582 Japan
| | - Kosuke Takigawa
- Department of Neurosurgery, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, 812-8582 Japan
| | - Yojiro Akagi
- Department of Neurosurgery, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, 812-8582 Japan
| | - Koji Yoshimoto
- Department of Neurosurgery, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, 812-8582 Japan
- Department of Neurosurgery, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima city, Japan
| | - Koji Iihara
- Department of Neurosurgery, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, 812-8582 Japan
| | - Takashi Miura
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka City, Japan
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Fujioka Y, Hata N, Hatae R, Suzuki SO, Sangatsuda Y, Nakahara Y, Mizoguchi M, Iihara K. A case of diffuse midline glioma, H3 K27M mutant mimicking a hemispheric malignant glioma in an elderly patient. Neuropathology 2019; 40:99-103. [PMID: 31762138 DOI: 10.1111/neup.12609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2019] [Revised: 08/31/2019] [Accepted: 08/31/2019] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Diffuse midline glioma, H3 K27M mutant arises from midline structures of the central nervous system and predominately affects pediatric patients. However, this disease entity was only recently established, and the clinical phenotypic spectrum remains largely unclear. We herein report a rare case of diffuse midline glioma, H3 K27M mutant with an unusual distribution in an elderly woman who presented with a diffuse glioma that invaded both sides of the thalami, and left hippocampus and frontoparietal lobes, thus mimicking a hemispheric malignant glioma. A biopsy of the lobular lesion led to a molecular diagnostic confirmation of diffuse midline glioma, H3 K27M mutant. The patient received concurrent bevacizumab and temozolomide therapy with radiation therapy and survived for 30 months. This case highlights the possibility that a glioma with cerebral hemispheric spread in an elderly patient may harbor the H3 K27M mutation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yutaka Fujioka
- Department of Neurosurgery, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan.,Department of Neurosurgery, Clinical Research Institute, National Hospital Organization Kyushu Medical Center, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Nobuhiro Hata
- Department of Neurosurgery, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan.,Department of Neurosurgery, Clinical Research Institute, National Hospital Organization Kyushu Medical Center, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Ryusuke Hatae
- Department of Neurosurgery, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Satoshi O Suzuki
- Department of Neuropathology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Yuhei Sangatsuda
- Department of Neurosurgery, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan.,Department of Neurosurgery, Clinical Research Institute, National Hospital Organization Kyushu Medical Center, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Yukiko Nakahara
- Department of Neurosurgery, School of Medicine, Saga University, Saga, Japan
| | - Masahiro Mizoguchi
- Department of Neurosurgery, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Koji Iihara
- Department of Neurosurgery, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
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Ochirjav E, Enkhbat B, Baldandorj T, Choe G. Reclassification of Mongolian Diffuse Gliomas According to the Revised 2016 World Health Organization Central Nervous System Tumor Classification. J Pathol Transl Med 2019; 53:298-307. [PMID: 31370384 PMCID: PMC6755654 DOI: 10.4132/jptm.2019.07.15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2019] [Accepted: 07/15/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The 2016 World Health Organization (WHO) classification of central nervous system (CNS) tumors has been modified to incorporate the IDH mutation and 1p/19q co-deletion in the diagnosis of diffuse gliomas. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the feasibility and prognostic significance of the revised 2016 WHO classification of CNS tumors in Mongolian patients with diffuse gliomas. Methods A total of 124 cases of diffuse gliomas were collected, and tissue microarray blocks were made. IDH1 mutation was tested using immunohistochemistry, and 1p/19q co-deletion status was examined using fluorescence in situ hybridization analysis. Results According to the 2016 WHO classification, 124 cases of diffuse brain glioma were reclassified as follows: 10 oligodendroglioma, IDHmut and 1p/19q co-deleted; three anaplastic oligodendroglioma, IDHmut and 1p/19q co-deleted; 35 diffuse astrocytoma, IDHmut, 11 diffuse astrocytoma, IDHwt, not otherwise specified (NOS); 22 anaplastic astrocytoma, IDHmut, eight anaplastic astrocytoma, IDHwt, NOS; and 35 glioblastoma, IDHwt, NOS, respectively. The 2016 WHO classification presented better prognostic value for overall survival in patients with grade II tumors than traditional histological classification. Among patients with grade II tumors, those with oligodendroglioma IDHmut and 1p/19q co-deleted and diffuse astrocytoma IDHmut showed significantly higher survival than those with diffuse astrocytoma IDHwt, NOS (p<.01). Conclusions Mongolian diffuse gliomas could be reclassified according to the new 2016 WHO classification. Reclassification revealed substantial changes in diagnosis of both oligodendroglial and astrocytic entities. We have confirmed that the revised 2016 WHO CNS tumor classification has prognostic significance in Mongolian patients with diffuse gliomas, especially those with grade II tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enkhee Ochirjav
- Department of Pathology, School of Biomedicine, Mongolian National University of Medical Sciences, Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia
| | - Bayarmaa Enkhbat
- Department of Pathology, School of Biomedicine, Mongolian National University of Medical Sciences, Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia
| | - Tuul Baldandorj
- Department of Pathology, School of Biomedicine, Mongolian National University of Medical Sciences, Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia
| | - Gheeyoung Choe
- Department of Pathology, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seongnam, Korea
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Sasmita AO, Wong YP, Ling APK. Biomarkers and therapeutic advances in glioblastoma multiforme. Asia Pac J Clin Oncol 2017; 14:40-51. [PMID: 28840962 DOI: 10.1111/ajco.12756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2017] [Accepted: 07/04/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is a malignant tumor within the brain. Generally classified as primary and secondary with several different subtypes, ample molecular biomarkers have risen throughout the years which have garnered the attention of researchers. The advancements in genomics and proteomics have allowed researchers to gather prominent molecular biomarkers. All these biomarkers are gathered by means of biopsy or bodily fluid sample collection and are quantitatively analyzed by polymerase chain reaction coupled with other computational technologies. This review highlights the significance, regulation and prevalence of molecular biomarkers such as O6 -methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase, epidermal growth factor receptor vIII, isocitrate dehydrogenase mutation and several others which expressed differently in different types and molecular subtypes of GBM. The discoveries and roles of GBM-specific microRNAs including miR-21 and miR-10b as biomarkers with promising prognostic values were also delineated. The role and mechanism of biomarkers in GBM tumorigenesis are essential in the development of therapy for patients suffering from the disease itself. Thus, this review also discusses the mechanisms, effects and limitations of therapy such as temozolomide, viral gene transfer, biomarker-based vaccines or even engineered T cells for more specific responses. Biomarkers have displayed a high value and could eventually be utilized as drug targets. It is hoped that by combining different aspects of the disease which present with different biomarkers could lead to the development of a robust, effective and innovative take on GBM therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew Octavian Sasmita
- Division of Applied Biomedical Sciences & Biotechnology, School of Health Sciences, International Medical University, Bukit Jalil, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Ying Pei Wong
- Division of Applied Biomedical Sciences & Biotechnology, School of Health Sciences, International Medical University, Bukit Jalil, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Anna Pick Kiong Ling
- Division of Applied Biomedical Sciences & Biotechnology, School of Health Sciences, International Medical University, Bukit Jalil, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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Hata N, Hatae R, Yoshimoto K, Murata H, Kuga D, Akagi Y, Sangatsuda Y, Suzuki SO, Iwaki T, Mizoguchi M, Iihara K. Insular primary glioblastomas with IDH mutations: Clinical and biological specificities. Neuropathology 2017; 37:200-206. [PMID: 28116838 DOI: 10.1111/neup.12362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2016] [Revised: 12/01/2016] [Accepted: 12/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH) mutation is a good prognostic marker for glioblastoma (GBM). Although it is infrequent in primary tumors, it is found in most lower-grade gliomas. Thus, it is unclear whether IDH mutation is a marker for a specific phenotype of apparently primary de novo GBMs (pGBMs), or a marker for secondary tumors (sGBMs). We addressed this issue by analyzing clinical, radiographic and molecular findings in our institutional case series. Our cases included 92 pGBMs, with five cases of IDH1 mutations at R132 and no IDH2 mutations. The median overall survival of these five patients was 29 months (range: 4 to >40 months), which is considered good prognoses. Clinical and radiographic characteristics were distinct from IDH-wildtype (IDH-wt) pGBMs. IDH-mutant (IDH-mut) tumors consistently involved insular lesions and were subdivided into: (i) the two cases of elderly patients with long clinical histories and features implying multistep tumor development; and (ii) the three cases of younger patients with diffusely swelling insular tumors, slight contrast enhancement and no necrosis. Genetic and expression analyses of IDH-mut pGBMs were similar to those of sGBMs, suggesting that they are indeed distinct from their IDH-wt counterparts. TERT promoter mutation, a genetic marker of oligodendroglial derivation, was detected in one long-surviving case, but genetic alterations in the astrocyte-sGBM pathway were generally prevalent in IDH-mut pGBMs. Our results present a unique phenotype of IDH-mut pGBMs arising from insular cortex region, the molecular backgrounds of which are similar to sGBMs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nobuhiro Hata
- Department of Neurosurgery, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan.,Department of Neurosurgery, Clinical Research Institute, National Hospital Organization Kyushu Medical Center, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Ryusuke Hatae
- Department of Neurosurgery, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Koji Yoshimoto
- Department of Neurosurgery, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Hideki Murata
- Department of Neurosurgery, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Daisuke Kuga
- Department of Neurosurgery, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Yojiro Akagi
- Department of Neurosurgery, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Yuhei Sangatsuda
- Department of Neurosurgery, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan.,Department of Neurosurgery, Clinical Research Institute, National Hospital Organization Kyushu Medical Center, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Satoshi O Suzuki
- Department of Neuropathology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Toru Iwaki
- Department of Neuropathology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Masahiro Mizoguchi
- Department of Neurosurgery, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan.,Department of Neurosurgery, Kitakyushu Municipal Medical Center, Kitakyushu, Japan
| | - Koji Iihara
- Department of Neurosurgery, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
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12
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Precise Detection of IDH1/2 and BRAF Hotspot Mutations in Clinical Glioma Tissues by a Differential Calculus Analysis of High-Resolution Melting Data. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0160489. [PMID: 27529619 PMCID: PMC4987040 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0160489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2016] [Accepted: 07/20/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
High resolution melting (HRM) is a simple and rapid method for screening mutations. It offers various advantages for clinical diagnostic applications. Conventional HRM analysis often yields equivocal results, especially for surgically obtained tissues. We attempted to improve HRM analyses for more effective applications to clinical diagnostics. HRM analyses were performed for IDH1R132 and IDH2R172 mutations in 192 clinical glioma samples in duplicate and these results were compared with sequencing results. BRAFV600E mutations were analyzed in 52 additional brain tumor samples. The melting profiles were used for differential calculus analyses. Negative second derivative plots revealed additional peaks derived from heteroduplexes in PCR products that contained mutations; this enabled unequivocal visual discrimination of the mutations. We further developed a numerical expression, the HRM-mutation index (MI), to quantify the heteroduplex-derived peak of the mutational curves. Using this expression, all IDH1 mutation statuses matched those ascertained by sequencing, with the exception of three samples. These discordant results were all derived from the misinterpretation of sequencing data. The effectiveness of our approach was further validated by analyses of IDH2R172 and BRAFV600E mutations. The present analytical method enabled an unequivocal and objective HRM analysis and is suitable for reliable mutation scanning in surgically obtained glioma tissues. This approach could facilitate molecular diagnostics in clinical environments.
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13
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Sa JK, Yoon Y, Kim M, Kim Y, Cho HJ, Lee JK, Kim GS, Han S, Kim WJ, Shin YJ, Joo KM, Paddison PJ, Ishitani T, Lee J, Nam DH. In vivo RNAi screen identifies NLK as a negative regulator of mesenchymal activity in glioblastoma. Oncotarget 2016; 6:20145-59. [PMID: 26023737 PMCID: PMC4652994 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.3980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2015] [Accepted: 05/06/2015] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most lethal brain cancer with profound genomic alterations. While the bona fide tumor suppressor genes such as PTEN, NF1, and TP53 have high frequency of inactivating mutations, there may be the genes with GBM-suppressive roles for which genomic mutation is not a primary cause for inactivation. To identify such genes, we employed in vivo RNAi screening approach using the patient-derived GBM xenograft models. We found that Nemo-Like Kinase (NLK) negatively regulates mesenchymal activities, a characteristic of aggressive GBM, in part via inhibition of WNT/β-catenin signaling. Consistent with this, we found that NLK expression is especially low in a subset of GBMs that harbors high WNT/mesenchymal activities. Restoration of NLK inhibited WNT and mesenchymal activities, decreased clonogenic growth and survival, and impeded tumor growth in vivo. These data unravel a tumor suppressive role of NLK and support the feasibility of combining oncogenomics with in vivo RNAi screen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason K Sa
- Graduate School of Health Science & Technology, Samsung Advanced Institute for Health Science & Technology (SAIHST), Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul, Korea.,Samsung Biomedical Research Institute, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, Korea.,Institute for Refractory Cancer Research, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yeup Yoon
- Graduate School of Health Science & Technology, Samsung Advanced Institute for Health Science & Technology (SAIHST), Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Misuk Kim
- Samsung Biomedical Research Institute, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, Korea.,Institute for Refractory Cancer Research, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yeonghwan Kim
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Hee Jin Cho
- Graduate School of Health Science & Technology, Samsung Advanced Institute for Health Science & Technology (SAIHST), Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul, Korea.,Samsung Biomedical Research Institute, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, Korea.,Institute for Refractory Cancer Research, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jin-Ku Lee
- Samsung Biomedical Research Institute, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, Korea.,Institute for Refractory Cancer Research, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - Gi-Soo Kim
- Institute for Refractory Cancer Research, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - Suji Han
- Graduate School of Health Science & Technology, Samsung Advanced Institute for Health Science & Technology (SAIHST), Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul, Korea.,Samsung Biomedical Research Institute, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, Korea.,Institute for Refractory Cancer Research, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - Woon Jin Kim
- Graduate School of Health Science & Technology, Samsung Advanced Institute for Health Science & Technology (SAIHST), Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul, Korea.,Samsung Biomedical Research Institute, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, Korea.,Institute for Refractory Cancer Research, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yong Jae Shin
- Samsung Biomedical Research Institute, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, Korea.,Institute for Refractory Cancer Research, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - Kyeung Min Joo
- Graduate School of Health Science & Technology, Samsung Advanced Institute for Health Science & Technology (SAIHST), Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul, Korea.,Samsung Biomedical Research Institute, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, Korea.,Institute for Refractory Cancer Research, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - Patrick J Paddison
- Human Biology Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Tohru Ishitani
- Division of Cell Regulation Systems, Medical Institute of Bioregulation, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Jeongwu Lee
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Do-Hyun Nam
- Graduate School of Health Science & Technology, Samsung Advanced Institute for Health Science & Technology (SAIHST), Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul, Korea.,Samsung Biomedical Research Institute, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, Korea.,Institute for Refractory Cancer Research, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, Korea.,Department of Neurosurgery, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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14
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Song F, Zhang L, Ji P, Zheng H, Zhao Y, Zhang W, Chen K. Altered expression and loss of heterozygosity of the migration and invasion inhibitory protein (MIIP) gene in breast cancer. Oncol Rep 2015; 33:2771-8. [PMID: 25873164 DOI: 10.3892/or.2015.3905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2014] [Accepted: 01/09/2015] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Previous studies have characterized the migration and invasion inhibitory protein (MIIP) as a novel putative tumor-suppressor gene that regulates cell migration and invasion as well as the mitotic checkpoint. The MIIP gene is located on chromosome 1p36.22, a common site for deletion in many solid tumors including breast cancer. In the present study, we evaluated MIIP expression and allelic deletion to gain insight into the role of the MIIP gene in breast cancer. MIIP gene mRNA and protein expression was assessed in 86 matched breast cancer and adjacent normal tissues. Loss of heterogeneity (LOH) of the MIIP gene was determined using single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) and microsatellite (MS) markers in 149 breast carcinomas and the corresponding normal lymphocytes. The analysis revealed that the expression levels of MIIP mRNA and protein were downregulated in tumor specimens compared to those in corresponding adjacent tissues. Advanced clinical stage and tumor size >2 cm were associated with a decreased MIIP expression level. Twenty-six percent (37/142) of tumors were shown to have LOH at the MIIP locus by MS and SNP markers. Breast cancer patients with LOH at the SNP marker rs2295283 experienced shorter survival time. The attenuated expression and LOH of the MIIP gene may contribute to the poor prognosis of breast cancer, supporting a tumor-suppressing role of MIIP gene in the pathogenesis of this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fangfang Song
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tiyuan Bei, Hexi, Tianjin 300060, P.R. China
| | - Ling Zhang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tiyuan Bei, Hexi, Tianjin 300060, P.R. China
| | - Ping Ji
- Department of Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Hong Zheng
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tiyuan Bei, Hexi, Tianjin 300060, P.R. China
| | - Yanrui Zhao
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tiyuan Bei, Hexi, Tianjin 300060, P.R. China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Kexin Chen
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tiyuan Bei, Hexi, Tianjin 300060, P.R. China
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15
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Shen C, Wang X, Tian L, Che G. Microsatellite alteration in multiple primary lung cancer. J Thorac Dis 2014; 6:1499-505. [PMID: 25364529 DOI: 10.3978/j.issn.2072-1439.2014.09.14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2014] [Accepted: 08/28/2014] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Patients with pulmonary neoplasms have an increased risk for developing a second tumor of the lung, either at the same time or different times. It is important to determine if the second tumor represents an independent primary tumor or recurrence/metastasis, because it will significantly change the management and prognosis. Microsatellite instability (MSI) and loss of heterozygosity (LOH) represents molecular disorders acquired by the cell during neoplastic transformation. Both are associated with genetic instability. Functional silencing of tumour suppressor genes may be the consequence of genomic instability, particularly of the globally occurring LOH phenomenon. Numerous studies have confirmed the role of MSI/LOH at both the early and the late stages of multiple primary lung cancer. This paper reviews the published literatures focused on the role of MSI/LOH significance in multiple primary lung cancer. Additionally, a new method based on the allelic variations at polymorphic microsatellite markers was offered that it does not rely on collection of normal tissue, performed with minimal tumor sample, and will complement clinical criteria for diagnostic discrimination between multiple primary cancers versus solitary metastatic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Shen
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, West-China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Xin Wang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, West-China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Long Tian
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, West-China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Guowei Che
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, West-China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
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16
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Hata N, Suzuki SO, Murata H, Hatae R, Akagi Y, Sangatsuda Y, Amano T, Yoshimoto K, Tahira T, Mizoguchi M. Genetic Analysis of a Case of Glioblastoma with Oligodendroglial Component Arising During the Progression of Diffuse Astrocytoma. Pathol Oncol Res 2014; 21:839-43. [DOI: 10.1007/s12253-014-9850-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2014] [Accepted: 10/14/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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17
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Ramalho-Carvalho J, Pires M, Lisboa S, Graça I, Rocha P, Barros-Silva JD, Savva-Bordalo J, Maurício J, Resende M, Teixeira MR, Honavar M, Henrique R, Jerónimo C. Altered expression of MGMT in high-grade gliomas results from the combined effect of epigenetic and genetic aberrations. PLoS One 2013; 8:e58206. [PMID: 23505468 PMCID: PMC3594314 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0058206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2012] [Accepted: 01/31/2013] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
MGMT downregulation in high-grade gliomas (HGG) has been mostly attributed to aberrant promoter methylation and is associated with increased sensitivity to alkylating agent-based chemotherapy. However, HGG harboring 10q deletions also benefit from treatment with alkylating agents. Because the MGMT gene is mapped at 10q26, we hypothesized that both epigenetic and genetic alterations might affect its expression and predict response to chemotherapy. To test this hypothesis, promoter methylation and mRNA levels of MGMT were determined by quantitative methylation-specific PCR (qMSP) or methylation-specific multiplex ligation dependent probe amplification (MS-MLPA) and quantitative RT-PCR, respectively, in a retrospective series of 61 HGG. MGMT/chromosome 10 copy number variations were determined by FISH or MS-MLPA analysis. Molecular findings were correlated with clinical parameters to assess their predictive value. Overall, MGMT methylation ratios assessed by qMSP and MS-MLPA were inversely correlated with mRNA expression levels (best coefficient value obtained with MS-MLPA). By FISH analysis in 68.3% of the cases there was loss of 10q26.1 and in 15% of the cases polysomy was demonstrated; the latter displayed the highest levels of transcript. When genetic and epigenetic data were combined, cases with MGMT promoter methylation and MGMT loss depicted the lowest transcript levels, although an impact in response to alkylating agent chemotherapy was not apparent. Cooperation between epigenetic (promoter methylation) and genetic (monosomy, locus deletion) changes affecting MGMT in HGG is required for effective MGMT silencing. Hence, evaluation of copy number alterations might add relevant prognostic and predictive information concerning response to alkylating agent-based chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- João Ramalho-Carvalho
- Cancer Epigenetics Group, Research Center of the Portuguese Oncology Institute-Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Department of Genetics, Portuguese Oncology Institute-Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Malini Pires
- Cancer Epigenetics Group, Research Center of the Portuguese Oncology Institute-Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Department of Genetics, Portuguese Oncology Institute-Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Susana Lisboa
- Department of Genetics, Portuguese Oncology Institute-Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Inês Graça
- Cancer Epigenetics Group, Research Center of the Portuguese Oncology Institute-Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Department of Genetics, Portuguese Oncology Institute-Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Patrícia Rocha
- Department of Genetics, Portuguese Oncology Institute-Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - João Diogo Barros-Silva
- Cancer Genetics Group, Research Center of the Portuguese Oncology Institute-Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Department of Genetics, Portuguese Oncology Institute-Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Joana Savva-Bordalo
- Cancer Epigenetics Group, Research Center of the Portuguese Oncology Institute-Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Department of Medical Oncology, Portuguese Oncology Institute-Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Joaquina Maurício
- Department of Medical Oncology, Portuguese Oncology Institute-Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Mário Resende
- Department of Neurosurgery, Local Health Unit of Matosinhos - Hospital Pedro Hispano, Matosinhos, Portugal
| | - Manuel R. Teixeira
- Cancer Genetics Group, Research Center of the Portuguese Oncology Institute-Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Department of Genetics, Portuguese Oncology Institute-Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences Abel Salazar (ICBAS), University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Mrinalini Honavar
- Department of Pathology, Local Health Unit of Matosinhos - Hospital Pedro Hispano, Matosinhos, Portugal
| | - Rui Henrique
- Cancer Epigenetics Group, Research Center of the Portuguese Oncology Institute-Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Department of Pathology, Portuguese Oncology Institute-Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences Abel Salazar (ICBAS), University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Carmen Jerónimo
- Cancer Epigenetics Group, Research Center of the Portuguese Oncology Institute-Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Department of Genetics, Portuguese Oncology Institute-Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences Abel Salazar (ICBAS), University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
- * E-mail:
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18
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Fleischer M, Kessler R, Klammer A, Warnke JP, Eschrich K. LOH on 10p14-p15 targets the PFKFB3 gene locus in human glioblastomas. Genes Chromosomes Cancer 2011; 50:1010-20. [PMID: 21987444 DOI: 10.1002/gcc.20914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2011] [Accepted: 07/06/2011] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Loss of heterozygosity (LOH) on chromosome arm 10p is very common in high-grade gliomas and is, among others, concentrated on the region 10p14-p15. Presence of multiple tumor suppressor genes is assumed, but until now only Krüpple-like transcription factor 6 (KLF6) has been suggested as possible target of LOH in this region. On the basis of the fact that the splice variant 4 (UBI2K4) of the PFKFB3 gene, located in 10p15.1, inhibits the anchorage-independent growth of U87 glioblastoma cells, we hypothesized that PFKFB3 is a target gene of LOH in glioblastomas. In this study, we analyzed 40 glioblastomas for LOH in 10p15, including the PFKFB3 and KLF6 loci, by PCR-based microsatellite analysis. We detected LOH of PFKFB3 in 55% (22/40) of glioblastomas. LOH of KLF6, mapped 2.5 cM telomerically to the PFKFB3 locus, was not stringently correlated to the PFKFB3 LOH. The allelic deletion of PFKFB3 resulted in a decrease of PFKFB3 mRNA level accompanied by a lower PFKFB3 protein level. The expression of growth-inhibiting splice variant UBI2K4 was effectively reduced in glioblastomas with PFKFB3 LOH and a positive correlation with overall PFKFFB3 expression was observed. The PFKFB3 LOH as well as the resulting low UBI2K4 expression level was associated with a poor prognosis of glioblastoma patients. We conclude that LOH on 10p14-p15 in glioblastomas targets PFKFB3 and in particular splice variant UBI2K4, a putative tumor suppressor protein in glioblastomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Fleischer
- Institute of Biochemistry, Medical Faculty, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
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19
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Mizoguchi M, Kuga D, Guan Y, Hata N, Nakamizo A, Yoshimoto K, Sasaki T. Loss of heterozygosity analysis in malignant gliomas. Brain Tumor Pathol 2011; 28:191-6. [PMID: 21629980 DOI: 10.1007/s10014-011-0038-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2011] [Accepted: 05/01/2011] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Despite recent advances in the diagnosis and treatment of glioblastomas, patient outcomes for these highly malignant tumors remain poor. Research into the molecular pathology of glioblastoma has uncovered various genetic changes that contribute to malignancy. Some of the identified molecular markers--such as loss of heterozygosity (LOH) on chromosome 1p/19q and chromosome 10, O6-methylguanine methyltransferase promoter hypermethylation, and mutation of isocitrate dehydrogenase-1--may help to predict patient outcomes. Indeed, LOH analysis is an effective approach to classify malignant gliomas. Genome-wide analyses have revealed that the extent and pattern of LOH regions may have important implications for the clinical course of the disease. As the genetic underpinnings of malignant gliomas are complex and varied, careful selection of the methods for genetic analysis in the clinic is important. The fundamental principles of each assay need to be understood to allow careful selection of practically useful methods. This review summarizes recent developments in the molecular analysis of malignant glioma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masahiro Mizoguchi
- Department of Neurosurgery, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan.
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20
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Chosdol K, Misra A, Puri S, Srivastava T, Chattopadhyay P, Sarkar C, Mahapatra AK, Sinha S. Frequent loss of heterozygosity and altered expression of the candidate tumor suppressor gene 'FAT' in human astrocytic tumors. BMC Cancer 2009; 9:5. [PMID: 19126244 PMCID: PMC2631005 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2407-9-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2008] [Accepted: 01/07/2009] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND We had earlier used the comparison of RAPD (Random Amplification of Polymorphic DNA) DNA fingerprinting profiles of tumor and corresponding normal DNA to identify genetic alterations in primary human glial tumors. This has the advantage that DNA fingerprinting identifies the genetic alterations in a manner not biased for locus. METHODS In this study we used RAPD-PCR to identify novel genomic alterations in the astrocytic tumors of WHO grade II (Low Grade Diffuse Astrocytoma) and WHO Grade IV (Glioblastoma Multiforme). Loss of heterozygosity (LOH) of the altered region was studied by microsatellite and Single Nucleotide Polymorphism (SNP) markers. Expression study of the gene identified at the altered locus was done by semi-quantitative reverse-transcriptase-PCR (RT-PCR). RESULTS Bands consistently altered in the RAPD profile of tumor DNA in a significant proportion of tumors were identified. One such 500 bp band, that was absent in the RAPD profile of 33% (4/12) of the grade II astrocytic tumors, was selected for further study. Its sequence corresponded with a region of FAT, a putative tumor suppressor gene initially identified in Drosophila. Fifty percent of a set of 40 tumors, both grade II and IV, were shown to have Loss of Heterozygosity (LOH) at this locus by microsatellite (intragenic) and by SNP markers. Semi-quantitative RT-PCR showed low FAT mRNA levels in a major subset of tumors. CONCLUSION These results point to a role of the FAT in astrocytic tumorigenesis and demonstrate the use of RAPD analysis in identifying specific alterations in astrocytic tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kunzang Chosdol
- Department of Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India.
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21
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Koy S, Plaschke J, Luksch H, Friedrich K, Kuhlisch E, Eckelt U, Martinez R. Microsatellite instability and loss of heterozygosity in squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck. Head Neck 2008; 30:1105-13. [PMID: 18615731 DOI: 10.1002/hed.20857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Microsatellite instability (MSI) in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) has been reported with a wide range of frequencies. The aim of our study was to disclose the frequency and basis of MSI in HNSCC and to correlate MSI and findings on loss of heterozygosity (LOH) with the clinical data. METHODS We analyzed MSI and LOH in 91 tumors. All tumors presenting instability were analyzed for the expression of mismatch repair genes (MMR) proteins. RESULTS Low-level microsatellite instability (MSI-L) was seen in 7.7% of the HNSCC. None of the MSI-L tumors had aberrant MMR protein expression. LOH rates up to 57% were identified for different regions on chromosome 3p. For the marker D10S197, we found a significant correlation between LOH and tumor stage IV. CONCLUSION Our results indicate that MMR gene inactivation is rare among primary HNSCC. In contrast, the MSI-L phenotype plays a role in a small subset of tumors. LOH on chromosome arm 3p and 10p12 seems to be involved in tumorigenesis and progression HNSCC, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susanne Koy
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technical University Dresden, Fetscherstr. 74, 01307 Dresden, Germany.
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22
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Kuga D, Mizoguchi M, Guan Y, Hata N, Yoshimoto K, Shono T, Suzuki SO, Kukita Y, Tahira T, Nagata S, Sasaki T, Hayashi K. Prevalence of copy-number neutral LOH in glioblastomas revealed by genomewide analysis of laser-microdissected tissues. Neuro Oncol 2008; 10:995-1003. [PMID: 18697953 DOI: 10.1215/15228517-2008-064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
We have employed a laser-capture microdissection technique and single-nucleotide polymorphism arrays to characterize genomic alterations associated with the development of glioblastoma multiforme (GBM). Combined analysis of loss of heterozygosity (LOH) and copy number revealed that more than half (56.3%) of the 254 identified LOH loci showed no copy-number alteration, indicating the presence of copy-number neutral LOH (cnLOH). Furthermore, we found a GBM case that showed cnLOH in 18 of the 22 autosomes. These results were confirmed by quantitative real-time PCR, microsatellite analysis, and fluorescence in situ hybridization. The high rate of cnLOH suggests that epigenetic abnormalities of many genes are involved in the development and progression of GBMs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daisuke Kuga
- Department of Neurosurgery, Medical Institute of Bioregulation, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
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Häyry V, Tanner M, Blom T, Tynninen O, Roselli A, Ollikainen M, Sariola H, Wartiovaara K, Nupponen NN. Copy number alterations of the polycomb gene BMI1 in gliomas. Acta Neuropathol 2008; 116:97-102. [PMID: 18427816 DOI: 10.1007/s00401-008-0376-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2007] [Revised: 04/01/2008] [Accepted: 04/04/2008] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Gliomas are heterogeneous tumours that grow in an uninhibited fashion, and these brain tumour cells share numerous characteristics with neural stem cells. The BMI1 gene encodes a component of the polycomb protein complex regulating epigenetically gene activity via histone modification. It functions for instance during the development of the central nervous system and maturation of neural cells. BMI-1 protein expression is deregulated in several forms of cancer and gene amplification has been identified in mantle cell lymphomas. Since BMI1 is located at chromosome 10p, a region implicated frequently in brain tumourigenesis, we investigated the genetic status and the corresponding expression patterns of BMI1 in a series of 100 low- and high-grade primary and recurrent gliomas. Chromogenic in situ hybridisation (CISH) with probes directed against BMI1 at 10p13 and the centromere of chromosome 10 was used in the analyses. Of all gliomas, 59% demonstrated aberrant copy numbers of BMI1. Deletions of the BMI1 locus were found in most types of tumours, and in a univariate survival analysis these cases had poor prognosis. Increased copy numbers of the BMI1 locus (3-5 copies) were found in all histological types, especially in high-grade astrocytomas. No difference in prognosis between cases with normal copy numbers and cases with increased copy numbers could be observed. This data suggests that BMI1 gene is aberrant at the chromosomal level in a subset of gliomas, and possibly contributes to brain tumour pathogenesis.
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24
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Müller I, Beeger C, Alix-Panabières C, Rebillard X, Pantel K, Schwarzenbach H. Identification of loss of heterozygosity on circulating free DNA in peripheral blood of prostate cancer patients: potential and technical improvements. Clin Chem 2008; 54:688-96. [PMID: 18281424 DOI: 10.1373/clinchem.2007.099333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Accurate identification of loss of heterozygosity (LOH) on circulating free DNA is often restricted by technical limitations such as poor quality and quantity of tumor-specific DNA and contamination by normal DNA. However, plasma DNA may harbor tumor-specific genetic alterations and could therefore be an interesting target for noninvasive examinations of tumor DNA. METHODS By PCR-based fluorescence microsatellite analysis using 12 polymorphic markers, we investigated LOH on cell-free DNA in blood plasma from 59 patients with localized prostate cancer (PCa) and 12 with metastatic disease (MPCa). In addition, plasma DNA from 21 PCa patients was fractionated into high- and low-molecular-weight DNA by 2 different column systems. To avoid appearance of artificial allelic loss and stabilize the amplification, TMAC (tetramethylammonium chloride) was added to each PCR. RESULTS Overall incidences of LOH at all markers analyzed were 10% in PCa and 12% in MPCa samples. Highest frequencies were found at markers D11S898 (28%) in PCa and D6S1631 (27%) in MPCa. Statistical evaluation showed significant associations between LOH and increasing Gleason scores for the marker combinations D6S1631*D8S286*D9S171 (P = 0.03) and D8S286*D9S171 (P = 0.05). Fractionation of plasma DNA resulted in a higher overall LOH frequency in the low-molecular-weight DNA fraction (23%) compared with the high-molecular-weight DNA (7%). CONCLUSIONS LOH analysis of circulating DNA can provide tumor-specific genetic information on PCa patients. Fractionation of plasma DNA and addition of TMAC improved LOH detection and general assay performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Imke Müller
- Institute of Tumor Biology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Germany
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25
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Guan Y, Hata N, Kuga D, Yoshimoto K, Mizoguchi M, Shono T, Suzuki SO, Tahira T, Kukita Y, Higasa K, Yokoyama N, Nagata S, Iwaki T, Sasaki T, Hayashi K. Narrowing of the regions of allelic losses of chromosome 1p36 in meningioma tissues by an improved SSCP analysis. Int J Cancer 2007; 122:1820-6. [DOI: 10.1002/ijc.23297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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26
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Larsen LA, Jespersgaard C, Andersen PS. Single-strand conformation polymorphism analysis using capillary array electrophoresis for large-scale mutation detection. Nat Protoc 2007; 2:1458-66. [PMID: 17545982 DOI: 10.1038/nprot.2007.200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
This protocol describes capillary array electrophoresis single-strand conformation polymorphism (CAE-SSCP), a screening method for detection of unknown and previously identified mutations. The method detects 98% of mutations in a sample material and can be applied to any organism where the goal is to determine genetic variation. This protocol describes how to screen for mutations in 192 singleplex or up to 768 multiplex samples over 3 days. The protocol is based on the principle of sequence-specific mobility of single-stranded DNA in a native polymer, and covers all stages in the procedure, from initial DNA purification to final CAE-SSCP data analysis, as follows: DNA is purified, followed by PCR amplification using fluorescent primers. After PCR amplification, double-stranded DNA is heat-denatured to separate the strands and subsequently cooled on ice to avoid reannealing. Finally, samples are analyzed by capillary electrophoresis and appropriate analysis software.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lars Allan Larsen
- Wilhelm Johannsen Centre for Functional Genome Research, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3, DK-2200, Copenhagen, Denmark
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27
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Raychaudhuri B, Han Y, Lu T, Vogelbaum MA. Aberrant constitutive activation of nuclear factor kappaB in glioblastoma multiforme drives invasive phenotype. J Neurooncol 2007; 85:39-47. [PMID: 17479228 DOI: 10.1007/s11060-007-9390-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2007] [Accepted: 04/06/2007] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Several recent studies have shown that aberrant constitutive activation of nuclear factor kappaB (NF-kappaB) is present in a variety of cancers including gliomas. NF-kappaB is known to play important roles in the physiological regulation of diverse cellular processes such as inflammation, growth and immunity. In contrast, aberrant activation of this latent transcription factor promotes cancer cell migration, invasion and resistance to chemotherapy. Here we show by electro-mobility shift assay (EMSA) and immuno-staining that constitutive NF-kappaB activation is present in various malignant glioma cell lines as well as in primary cultures derived from tumor tissue. This activation was not serum dependent and it led to high IL-8 gene transcription and protein production. Over-expression of an I-kappaB super-repressor (I-kappaB SR) transgene completely blocked constitutive NF-kappaB activation, nuclear localization and transcription of some but not all NF-kappaB regulated genes indicating that NF-kappaB signaling in glioma cells is I-kappaB dependent. Surprisingly, over-expression of IkappaBSR did not have any effect on the transcription levels of anti-apoptotic genes in these glioma cultures and cell lines. Down-regulation of NF-kappaB activation reduced invasion of glioma cells through matrigel. Collectively these data suggest that aberrant constitutive activation of NF-kappaB in glioblastoma cells promotes their invasive phenotype. Interruption of this aberrant NF-kappaB activity may help reduce the spread of this infiltrative tumor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baisakhi Raychaudhuri
- Brain Tumor Institute and Taussig Cancer Center, Cleveland Clinic, 9500 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
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28
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Peiffer DA, Le JM, Steemers FJ, Chang W, Jenniges T, Garcia F, Haden K, Li J, Shaw CA, Belmont J, Cheung SW, Shen RM, Barker DL, Gunderson KL. High-resolution genomic profiling of chromosomal aberrations using Infinium whole-genome genotyping. Genome Res 2006; 16:1136-48. [PMID: 16899659 PMCID: PMC1557768 DOI: 10.1101/gr.5402306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 397] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Array-CGH is a powerful tool for the detection of chromosomal aberrations. The introduction of high-density SNP genotyping technology to genomic profiling, termed SNP-CGH, represents a further advance, since simultaneous measurement of both signal intensity variations and changes in allelic composition makes it possible to detect both copy number changes and copy-neutral loss-of-heterozygosity (LOH) events. We demonstrate the utility of SNP-CGH with two Infinium whole-genome genotyping BeadChips, assaying 109,000 and 317,000 SNP loci, to detect chromosomal aberrations in samples bearing constitutional aberrations as well tumor samples at sub-100 kb effective resolution. Detected aberrations include homozygous deletions, hemizygous deletions, copy-neutral LOH, duplications, and amplifications. The statistical ability to detect common aberrations was modeled by analysis of an X chromosome titration model system, and sensitivity was modeled by titration of gDNA from a tumor cell with that of its paired normal cell line. Analysis was facilitated by using a genome browser that plots log ratios of normalized intensities and allelic ratios along the chromosomes. We developed two modes of SNP-CGH analysis, a single sample and a paired sample mode. The single sample mode computes log intensity ratios and allelic ratios by referencing to canonical genotype clusters generated from approximately 120 reference samples, whereas the paired sample mode uses a paired normal reference sample from the same individual. Finally, the two analysis modes are compared and contrasted for their utility in analyzing different types of input gDNA: low input amounts, fragmented gDNA, and Phi29 whole-genome pre-amplified DNA.
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