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Guo C, Zhou Z, Wen Z, Liu Y, Zeng C, Xiao D, Ou M, Han Y, Huang S, Liu D, Ye X, Zou X, Wu J, Wang H, Zeng EY, Jing C, Yang G. Global Epidemiology of Dengue Outbreaks in 1990-2015: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2017; 7:317. [PMID: 28748176 PMCID: PMC5506197 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2017.00317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 201] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2017] [Accepted: 06/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Dengue is an arthropod-borne infectious disease caused by dengue virus (DENV) infection and transmitted by Aedes mosquitoes. Approximately 50–100 million people are infected with DENV each year, resulting in a high economic burden on both governments and individuals. Here, we conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to summarize information regarding the epidemiology, clinical characteristics, and serotype distribution and risk factors for global dengue outbreaks occurring from 1990 to 2015. We searched the PubMed, Embase and Web of Science databases through December 2016 using the term “dengue outbreak.” In total, 3,853 studies were identified, of which 243 studies describing 262 dengue outbreaks met our inclusion criteria. The majority of outbreak-associated dengue cases were reported in the Western Pacific Region, particularly after the year 2010; these cases were primarily identified in China, Singapore and Malaysia. The pooled mean age of dengue-infected individuals was 30.1 years; of the included patients, 54.5% were male, 23.2% had DHF, 62.0% had secondary infections, and 1.3% died. The mean age of dengue patients reported after 2010 was older than that of patients reported before 2010 (34.0 vs. 27.2 years); however, the proportions of patients who had DHF, had secondary infections and died significantly decreased after 2010. Fever, malaise, headache, and asthenia were the most frequently reported clinical symptoms and signs among dengue patients. In addition, among the identified clinical symptoms and signs, positive tourniquet test (OR = 4.86), ascites (OR = 13.91) and shock (OR = 308.09) were identified as the best predictors of dengue infection, DHF and mortality, respectively (both P < 0.05). The main risk factors for dengue infection, DHF and mortality were living with uncovered water container (OR = 1.65), suffering from hypotension (OR = 6.18) and suffering from diabetes mellitus (OR = 2.53), respectively (all P < 0.05). The serotype distribution varied with time and across WHO regions. Overall, co-infections were reported in 47.7% of the evaluated outbreaks, and the highest pooled mortality rate (2.0%) was identified in DENV-2 dominated outbreaks. Our study emphasizes the necessity of implementing programs focused on targeted prevention, early identification, and effective treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Congcong Guo
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Medicine, Jinan UniversityGuangzhou, China
| | - Zixing Zhou
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Medicine, Jinan UniversityGuangzhou, China
| | - Zihao Wen
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Medicine, Jinan UniversityGuangzhou, China
| | - Yumei Liu
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Medicine, Jinan UniversityGuangzhou, China.,Department of Parasitology, School of Medicine, Jinan UniversityGuangzhou, China
| | - Chengli Zeng
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Medicine, Jinan UniversityGuangzhou, China
| | - Di Xiao
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Medicine, Jinan UniversityGuangzhou, China
| | - Meiling Ou
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Medicine, Jinan UniversityGuangzhou, China.,Department of Parasitology, School of Medicine, Jinan UniversityGuangzhou, China
| | - Yajing Han
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Medicine, Jinan UniversityGuangzhou, China.,Department of Parasitology, School of Medicine, Jinan UniversityGuangzhou, China
| | - Shiqi Huang
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Medicine, Jinan UniversityGuangzhou, China
| | - Dandan Liu
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Medicine, Jinan UniversityGuangzhou, China
| | - Xiaohong Ye
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Medicine, Jinan UniversityGuangzhou, China.,Department of Parasitology, School of Medicine, Jinan UniversityGuangzhou, China
| | - Xiaoqian Zou
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Medicine, Jinan UniversityGuangzhou, China.,Department of Parasitology, School of Medicine, Jinan UniversityGuangzhou, China
| | - Jing Wu
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Medicine, Jinan UniversityGuangzhou, China.,Department of Parasitology, School of Medicine, Jinan UniversityGuangzhou, China
| | - Huanyu Wang
- Department of Viral Encephalitis, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and PreventionBeijing, China.,State Key Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, Chinese Center for Disease Control and PreventionBeijing, China
| | - Eddy Y Zeng
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Environmental Exposure and Health, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health, School of Environment, Jinan UniversityGuangzhou, China
| | - Chunxia Jing
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Medicine, Jinan UniversityGuangzhou, China.,Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Environmental Exposure and Health, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health, School of Environment, Jinan UniversityGuangzhou, China
| | - Guang Yang
- Department of Parasitology, School of Medicine, Jinan UniversityGuangzhou, China.,Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Environmental Exposure and Health, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health, School of Environment, Jinan UniversityGuangzhou, China
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Abstract
The invention of polymerase chain reaction (PCR) in 1983 revolutionized many areas of science, due to its ability to multiply a number of copies of DNA sequences (known as amplicons). Here we report on a method to double the throughput of quantitative PCR which could be especially useful for PCR-based mass screening. We concurrently amplified two target genes using only single fluorescent dye. A FAM probe labelled olionucleotide was attached to a quencher for one amplicon while the second one was without a probe. The PCR was performed in the presence of the intercalating dye SYBR Green I. We collected the fluorescence amplitude at two points per PCR cycle, at the denaturation and extension steps. The signal at denaturation is related only to the amplicon with the FAM probe while the amplitude at the extension contained information from both amplicons. We thus detected two genes within the same well using a single fluorescent channel. Any commercial real-time PCR systems can use this method doubling the number of detected genes. The method can be used for absolute quantification of DNA using a known concentration of housekeeping gene at one fluorescent channel.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Pavel Neužil
- 1] Kist-Europe, Saarbrücken, Saarland, 66123, Germany [2] Central European Institute of Technology, Brno University of Technology, Technická 3058/10, CZ-616 00 Brno, Czech Republic [3] Northwestern Polytechnical University, School of Mechanical Engineering, 127 West Youyi Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710072, P.R.China
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Paudel D, Jarman R, Limkittikul K, Klungthong C, Chamnanchanunt S, Nisalak A, Gibbons R, Chokejindachai W. Comparison of real-time SYBR green dengue assay with real-time taqman RT-PCR dengue assay and the conventional nested PCR for diagnosis of primary and secondary dengue infection. NORTH AMERICAN JOURNAL OF MEDICAL SCIENCES 2012; 3:478-85. [PMID: 22363089 PMCID: PMC3271430 DOI: 10.4297/najms.2011.3478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dengue fever and dengue hemorrhagic fever are caused by dengue virus. Dengue infection remains a burning problem of many countries. To diagnose acute dengue in the early phase we improve the low cost, rapid SYBR green real time assay and compared the sensitivity and specificity with real time Taqman(®) assay and conventional nested PCR assay. AIMS To develop low cost, rapid and reliable real time SYBR green diagnostic dengue assay and compare with Taqman real-time assay and conventional nested PCR (modified Lanciotti). MATERIALS AND METHODS Eight cultured virus strains were diluted in tenth dilution down to undetectable level by the PCR to optimize the primer, temperature (annealing, and extension and to detect the limit of detection of the assay. Hundred and ninety three ELISA and PCR proved dengue clinical samples were tested with real time SYBR(®) Green assay, real time Taqman(®) assay to compare the sensitivity and specificity. RESULTS Sensitivity and specificity of real time SYBR® green dengue assay (84% and 66%, respectively) was almost comparable to those (81% and 74%) of Taqman real time PCR dengue assay. Real time SYBR(®) green RT-PCR was equally sensitive in primary and secondary infection while real time Taqman was less sensitive in the secondary infection. Sensitivity of real time Taqman on DENV3 (87%) was equal to SYBR green real time PCR dengue assay. CONCLUSION We developed low cost rapid diagnostic SYBR green dengue assay. Further study is needed to make duplex primer assay for the serotyping of dengue virus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Damodar Paudel
- Department of Internal Medicine Nepal Police Hospital, Maharagjung, Kathmandu, Nepal
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Gijavanekar C, Drabek R, Soni M, Jackson GW, Strych U, Fox GE, Fofanov Y, Willson RC. Detection and typing of viruses using broadly sensitive cocktail-PCR and mass spectrometric cataloging: demonstration with dengue virus. J Mol Diagn 2012; 14:402-7. [PMID: 22579629 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmoldx.2012.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2011] [Revised: 01/19/2012] [Accepted: 02/03/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Virus detection and taxonomic identification of serotypes, strains, or genotypes provide important information relevant for diagnosis, and for the epidemiological characterization and tracking of new strains in an endemic region. In the specific case of dengue virus, rapid serotype identification can also be useful in the treatment of secondary infections that may cause the more severe dengue hemorrhagic fever and dengue shock syndrome. In this work, dengue virus was used as a model to test a new approach of combining broadly sensitive RT-PCR amplification of nearly any virus strain with subsequent serotype- and finer-level identification by mass spectrometry. PCR primers were appended with promoter sequences, such that the resulting PCR products could be transcribed into RNA. RNA fragments generated by guanosine-specific RNase T(1) digestion were analyzed by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry. Viral serotypes were identified by comparing the pattern of observed fragment masses to a mass database. The database was created by computationally fragmenting 2517 dengue strains after each guanosine residue using the same primers. Computationally, all 2517 strains in the mass database were correctly identified at the serotype level from the predicted PCR product. The methodology was successfully demonstrated experimentally by identifying the serotypes of eight test strains using mosquito cell cultures infected with strains of all four serotypes and with full-length cDNA clones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charul Gijavanekar
- Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Houston, TX 77204, USA
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Barnard RT, Hall RA, Gould EA. Expecting the unexpected: nucleic acid-based diagnosis and discovery of emerging viruses. Expert Rev Mol Diagn 2011; 11:409-23. [PMID: 21545258 PMCID: PMC7103685 DOI: 10.1586/erm.11.24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Extrapolation from recent disease history suggests that changes in the global environment, including virus, vector and human behavior, will continue to influence the spectrum of viruses to which humans are exposed. In this article, these environmental changes will be enumerated, and their potential impact on target-focused, nucleic acid-based diagnostic tests will be considered, followed by a presentation of some emerging technological responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ross Thomas Barnard
- Australian Infectious Disease Research Centre, School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.
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Gijavanekar C, Añez-Lingerfelt M, Feng C, Putonti C, Fox GE, Sabo A, Fofanov Y, Willson RC. PCR detection of nearly any dengue virus strain using a highly sensitive primer 'cocktail'. FEBS J 2011; 278:1676-87. [PMID: 21410643 DOI: 10.1111/j.1742-4658.2011.08091.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
PCR detection of viral pathogens is extremely useful, but suffers from the challenge of detecting the many variant strains of a given virus that arise over time. Here, we report the computational derivation and initial experimental testing of a combination of 10 PCR primers to be used in a single high-sensitivity mixed PCR reaction for the detection of dengue virus. Primer sequences were computed such that their probability of mispriming with human DNA is extremely low. A 'cocktail' of 10 primers was shown experimentally to be able to detect cDNA clones representing the four serotypes and dengue virus RNA spiked into total human whole blood RNA. Computationally, the primers are predicted to detect 95% of the 1688 dengue strains analyzed (with perfect primer match). Allowing up to one mismatch and one insertion per primer, the primer set detects 99% of strains. Primer sets from three previous studies have been compared with the present set of primers and their relative sensitivity for dengue virus is discussed. These results provide the formulation and demonstration of a mixed primer PCR reagent that may enable the detection of nearly any dengue strain irrespective of serotype, in a single PCR reaction, and illustrate an approach to the broad problem of detecting highly mutable RNA viruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charul Gijavanekar
- Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Houston, Houston, TX 77204, USA
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