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Sasmal M, Islam ASM, Moni D, Katarkar A, Ali M. A microenvironment-sensitive red emissive probe with a large Stokes shift for specific recognition and quantification of serum albumin in complex biofluids and live cells. J Mater Chem B 2024; 12:4478-4488. [PMID: 38629135 DOI: 10.1039/d3tb02985a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/09/2024]
Abstract
Human serum albumin (HSA) is regarded as a useful biomarker for rapid medical diagnosis of various disorders mainly related to the kidneys and liver. Hence, it is crucial to identify and monitor the HSA level in complex biofluids (urine and blood samples) using a simple approach. Herein, we have designed and synthesized an intramolecular charge transfer (ICT) based environment-sensitive fluorescent molecular probe, (E)-2-(3-(2-(5-methoxy-1H-indol-3-yl)vinyl)-5,5-dimethylcyclohex-2-en-1-ylidene)malononitrile (DCI-MIN), that can selectively interact with HSA in PBS buffer solution and exhibit a ∼78-fold enhancement in fluorescence intensity with a significant Stokes shift (∼126 nm), which is important to avoid interference from the excitation light. The significant red fluorescence response can be attributed to the suppression of free intramolecular rotation of the DCI-MIN probe inside the hydrophobic binding cavity of HSA and the low polar microenvironment present within HSA. According to the 3σ/slope method, the detection limit was found to be 1.01 nM (0.0671 mg L-1) in aqueous solutions, which is significantly lower than the normal level of HSA in healthy urine and blood serum, indicating its high sensitivity. DCI-MIN has the ability to exhibit useful applications, including the detection and quantification of HSA concentration in complex biofluids (human urine and blood samples) as well as the imaging of serum albumin in living cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mihir Sasmal
- Department of Chemistry, Jadavpur University, Kolkata 700 032, India.
| | - Abu Saleh Musha Islam
- School of Chemical Sciences, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, 2A & 2B Raja S. C. Mullick Road, Kolkata 700032, India
| | - Dolan Moni
- Department of Chemistry, Jadavpur University, Kolkata 700 032, India.
| | - Atul Katarkar
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Lausanne, Ch. des Boveresses 155, 1066 Epalinges, Switzerland
| | - Mahammad Ali
- Department of Chemistry, Jadavpur University, Kolkata 700 032, India.
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2
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Pereira I, Robinson JL, Gill CG. Simultaneous quantitation of urinary albumin and creatinine for rapid clinical albuminuria diagnostics using high-throughput paper spray mass spectrometry. Analyst 2024; 149:1102-1110. [PMID: 38093632 DOI: 10.1039/d3an01855e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/13/2024]
Abstract
Albuminuria is a clinical condition associated with poor kidney function, diagnosed by determining the ratio of albumin to creatinine concentrations in patient urine samples. We present a high-throughput paper spray mass spectrometry (PS-MS) method for simultaneous quantitation of urinary albumin and creatinine for potential diagnosis of albuminuria. Minimal (urine dilution) or no sample preparation is required. The analytical performance of the method was evaluated, achieving linear calibration curves (R2 > 0.99) with little inter-day variability in the slope (N = 5 days), exhibiting coefficient of variation (CV) of 8% and 3% for albumin and creatinine, respectively. LOD and LOQ for albumin were 2.1 and 7.0 mg L-1, and for creatinine were 0.01 and 0.03 mmol L-1, respectively. Intra- and inter-day (N = 5) precisions (%CV) and accuracies (%bias) were <10% and ±11%, respectively, for both analytes. The method was applied to determine albumin-to-creatinine ratios in anonymous human patient urine samples (N = 56), and a correlation of R2 = 0.9744 was achieved between the PS-MS results and validated clinical method results. This work demonstrates the utility of PS-MS to simultaneously quantify a large (albumin) and a small (creatinine) molecule directly in patient urine samples, and its potential as a tool for clinical albuminuria diagnostics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Igor Pereira
- Applied Environmental Research Laboratories (AERL), Chemistry Department, Vancouver Island University, Nanaimo, BC, V9R 5S5, Canada.
| | | | - Chris G Gill
- Applied Environmental Research Laboratories (AERL), Chemistry Department, Vancouver Island University, Nanaimo, BC, V9R 5S5, Canada.
- Chemistry Department, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC, V8P 5C2, Canada
- Chemistry Department, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC, V5A 1S6, Canada
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195-1618, USA
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3
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Seegmiller JC, Bachmann LM. Urine Albumin Measurements in Clinical Diagnostics. Clin Chem 2024; 70:382-391. [PMID: 38321881 DOI: 10.1093/clinchem/hvad174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2023] [Accepted: 09/11/2023] [Indexed: 02/08/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Measurement of urine albumin is critical for diagnosis, risk classification, and monitoring of chronic kidney disease (CKD). Guidelines recommend clinical decision cutoffs for the urine albumin-to-creatinine ratio (ACR) of 30 and 300 mg/g (3 and 30 mg/mmol). However, differences among manufacturers' routine urine albumin measurement procedures have been found to exceed 40%, suggesting CKD diagnosis and risk classification may vary depending upon the specific measurement procedure implemented in the laboratory. CONTENT This review discusses urine albumin pathophysiology and clinical practice guideline recommendations for CKD. The review also provides recommendations for urine specimen collection and storage, and results reporting for the ACR. Recent advances in measurement techniques and development of reference systems intended to facilitate standardization of urine albumin measurements are reviewed. SUMMARY Urine albumin is an important measurement procedure used for diagnosis, risk classification, and management of CKD. Urine albumin results should be reported as the ACR using quantitative measurement procedures. Random urine collections used for albuminuria screening should be followed by confirmation with first morning void collections to reduce variation and increase diagnostic accuracy for urine albumin measurement. Most measurement procedures utilize immunoturbidimetric or immunonephelometric techniques. However, results vary significantly among measurement procedures, potentially resulting in differences in classification or risk assessment for CKD. The National Institute for Standards and Technology (NIST) and other laboratories are developing reference systems, including liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry candidate reference measurement procedures and reference materials, to enable standardization of routine measurement procedures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jesse C Seegmiller
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States
| | - Lorin M Bachmann
- Department of Pathology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, United States
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Pereira I, Monaghan J, Abruzzi LR, Gill CG. PAMAM-Functionalized Paper as a New Substrate for the Paper Spray Mass Spectrometry Measurement of Proteins. Anal Chem 2023; 95:7134-7141. [PMID: 37115227 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.2c05316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/29/2023]
Abstract
Paper surface functionalization with polyamidoamine (PAMAM) dendrimers has been developed for increased sensitivity analysis of proteins by paper spray mass spectrometry (PS-MS). PAMAM is a branched polymeric compound with an ethylenediamine core linked to repeating PAMAM units that generates an outer surface rich in primary amines. These positively charged amine groups can interact electrostatically with negatively charged residues (e.g., aspartate, glutamate) on the protein surface. PAMAM inner amide moieties can also promote hydrogen bonding with protein surface oxygens, making PAMAM a useful material for protein extraction. PAMAM-functionalized PS-MS paper strips were used to extract proteins from biofluids, dipped in acetonitrile to remove unbound constituents, dried, and then measured with PS-MS. The use of this strategy was optimized and compared with unmodified paper strips. PAMAM-functionalized paper substrates provided sixfold greater sensitivity for albumin, 11-fold for hemoglobin, sevenfold for insulin, and twofold for lysozyme. The analytical performance of the functionalized paper substrate was evaluated through the analysis of albumin in urine, achieving linearity with R2 > 0.99, LOD of 1.1 μg mL-1, LOQ of 3.8 μg mL-1, precision better than 10%, and relative recovery 70-83%. The method was applied to quantify urinary albumin from nine anonymous patient samples (concentrations ranged from 6.5 to 77.4 μg mL-1), illustrating its potential for the diagnosis of microalbuminuria. These data demonstrate the utility of paper modification with the PAMAM dendrimer for sensitive PS-MS analysis of proteins, opening a path for further applications in clinical diagnosis through the analysis of disease-related proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Igor Pereira
- Applied Environmental Research Laboratories (AERL), Chemistry Department, Vancouver Island University, Nanaimo, British Columbia V9R 5S5, Canada
| | - Joseph Monaghan
- Applied Environmental Research Laboratories (AERL), Chemistry Department, Vancouver Island University, Nanaimo, British Columbia V9R 5S5, Canada
- Chemistry Department, University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia V8P 5C2, Canada
| | - Lucas R Abruzzi
- Applied Environmental Research Laboratories (AERL), Chemistry Department, Vancouver Island University, Nanaimo, British Columbia V9R 5S5, Canada
- Chemistry Department, University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia V8P 5C2, Canada
| | - Chris G Gill
- Applied Environmental Research Laboratories (AERL), Chemistry Department, Vancouver Island University, Nanaimo, British Columbia V9R 5S5, Canada
- Chemistry Department, University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia V8P 5C2, Canada
- Chemistry Department, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia V5A 1S6, Canada
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195-1618, United States
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5
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Klovak V, Kulichenko S, Lelyushok S. Rhodamine 6G-Anionic Surfactant System Modified by Triton X-100 for Fluorescence Determination of Albumin. APPLIED SPECTROSCOPY 2023; 77:418-425. [PMID: 36537019 DOI: 10.1177/00037028221149494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The influence of sodium hexadecyl sulfate on the nature of the fluorescence spectra of rhodamine 6G in an aqueous solution and a solution of nonionic Triton X-100 was investigated. The change in the nature of the emission spectra is explained by the formation of hydrophobic stoichiometric and sub-stoichiometric reagent-surfactant associates. Stabilization of the colloid-chemical state and reduction of the total turbidity of rhodamine 6G-anionic surfactant associate solutions with the addition of nonionic surfactant as a modifier were registered. The method of modification of the rhodamine 6G-sodium hexadecyl sulfate system with a nonionic surfactant was used in the development of conditions for the fluorescence determination of protein substances in physiological solutions. The concentration conditions for the use of the modified reagent system rhodamine 6G-anionic surfactant-nonionic surfactant for the fluorescence determination of albumin in urine were optimized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Viktoriia Klovak
- Analytical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Chemistry, Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - Sergey Kulichenko
- Analytical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Chemistry, Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - Serhii Lelyushok
- Analytical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Chemistry, Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, Kyiv, Ukraine
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Liu H, Ng CY, Liu Q, Teo TL, Loh TP, Wong MS, Sethi SK, Tan JG, Heng PY, Saw S, Lam LCW, Lee JMY, Khaled KB, Phyu HP, Ong NWT. Commutability assessment of human urine certified reference materials for albumin and creatinine on multiple clinical analyzers using different statistical models. Anal Bioanal Chem 2023; 415:787-800. [PMID: 36562812 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-022-04472-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2022] [Revised: 11/27/2022] [Accepted: 12/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Urine albumin concentration and albumin-creatinine ratio are important for the screening of early-stage kidney damage. Commutable urine certified reference materials (CRMs) for albumin and creatinine are necessary for standardization of urine albumin and accurate measurement of albumin-urine ratio. Two urine CRMs for albumin and creatinine with certified values determined using higher-order reference measurement procedures were evaluated for their commutability on five brands/models of clinical analyzers where different reagent kits were used, including Roche Cobas c702, Roche Cobas c311, Siemens Atellica CH, Beckman Coulter AU5800, and Abbott Architect c16000. The commutability study was conducted by measuring at least 26 authentic patient urine samples and the human urine CRMs using both reference measurement procedures and the routine methods. Both the linear regression model suggested by the Clinical and Laboratory Standard Institute (CLSI) guidelines and log-transformed model recommended by the International Federation of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine (IFCC) Commutability Working Group were used to evaluate the commutability of the human urine CRMs. The commutability of the human urine CRMs was found to be generally satisfactory on all five clinical analyzers for both albumin and creatinine, suggesting that they are suitable to be used routinely by clinical laboratories as quality control or for method validation of urine albumin and creatinine measurements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Liu
- Chemical Metrology Division, Applied Sciences Group, Health Sciences Authority, 1 Science Park Road, #01-05/06, The Capricorn, Singapore Science Park II, Singapore, 117528, Singapore
| | - Cheng Yang Ng
- Chemical Metrology Division, Applied Sciences Group, Health Sciences Authority, 1 Science Park Road, #01-05/06, The Capricorn, Singapore Science Park II, Singapore, 117528, Singapore
| | - Qinde Liu
- Chemical Metrology Division, Applied Sciences Group, Health Sciences Authority, 1 Science Park Road, #01-05/06, The Capricorn, Singapore Science Park II, Singapore, 117528, Singapore.
| | - Tang Lin Teo
- Chemical Metrology Division, Applied Sciences Group, Health Sciences Authority, 1 Science Park Road, #01-05/06, The Capricorn, Singapore Science Park II, Singapore, 117528, Singapore
| | - Tze Ping Loh
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, National University Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Moh Sim Wong
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Khoo Teck Puat Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Sunil Kumar Sethi
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, National University Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Jun Guan Tan
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Khoo Teck Puat Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Ping Ying Heng
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Khoo Teck Puat Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Sharon Saw
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, National University Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
| | | | | | - Khairee Bin Khaled
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Ng Teng Fong General Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Hnin Pwint Phyu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Ng Teng Fong General Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Noel Wan Ting Ong
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Ng Teng Fong General Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
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Sasmal M, Musha Islam AS, Moni D, Maiti D, Dutta A, Ali M. Serum Albumin Inspired Self-Assembly/Disassembly of a Fluorogenic Nanoprobe for Real-Time Monitoring and Quantification of Urinary Albumin with Live Cell Imaging Application. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2022; 5:5854-5864. [PMID: 36441947 DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.2c00820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Abnormal levels (high/low) of urinary human serum albumin (HSA) are associated with a number of diseases and thus act as an essential biomarker for quick therapeutic monitoring and biomedical diagnosis, entailing the urgent development of an effective chemosensor to quantify the albumin levels. Herein, we have rationally designed and developed a small fluorogenic molecular probe, (Z)-2-(5-((8-hydroxy-2,3,6,7-tetrahydro-1H,5H-pyrido[3,2,1-ij]quinolin-9-yl) methylene)-4-oxo-2-thioxothiazolidin-3-yl) acetic acid (HJRA) with a twisted intramolecular charge transfer (TICT) property, which can easily self-assemble into nonfluorescent nanoaggregates in aqueous solution. However, HJRA nanoaggregates can selectively bind with serum albumin proteins (HSA/BSA) in ∼100% PBS medium, thereby facilitating the disassembly of nanoaggregates into monomers, exhibiting a clear turn-on red fluorescent response toward HSA and BSA. Analysis of the specific binding mechanism between HJRA and HSA using a site-selective fluorescence displacement assay and molecular docking simulations indicates that a variety of noncovalent interactions are responsible for the disassembly of nanoaggregates with the concomitant trapping of the HJRA monomer at site I in HSA, yielding a substantial red emission caused by the inhibition of intramolecular rotation of HJRA probe inside the hydrophobic cavity of HSA. The limit of detection (LOD) determined by the 3σ/slope method was found to be 1.13 nM, which is substantially below the normal HSA concentration level in healthy urine, signifying the very high sensitivity of the probe toward HSA. The comparable results and quick response toward quantification of HSA in urine by HJRA with respect to the Bradford method clearly point toward the superiority of this method compared to the existing ones and may lead to biomedical applications for HSA quantification in urine. It may also find potential application in live-cell imaging of HSA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mihir Sasmal
- Department of Chemistry, Jadavpur University, 188, Raja S. C. Mullick Road, Kolkata700 032, India
| | - Abu Saleh Musha Islam
- School of Chemical Sciences, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, 2A & 2B Raja S. C. Mullick Road, Kolkata700032, India
| | - Dolan Moni
- Department of Chemistry, Jadavpur University, 188, Raja S. C. Mullick Road, Kolkata700 032, India
| | - Debjani Maiti
- Department of Chemistry, Jadavpur University, 188, Raja S. C. Mullick Road, Kolkata700 032, India
| | - Ananya Dutta
- Department of Chemistry, Jadavpur University, 188, Raja S. C. Mullick Road, Kolkata700 032, India
| | - Mahammad Ali
- Department of Chemistry, Jadavpur University, 188, Raja S. C. Mullick Road, Kolkata700 032, India
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Shengda Qi, Zheng H, Almashriqi HS, Lv W, Zhai H. DNA-Templated Gold Nanoclusters for Fluorescence Resonance Energy Transfer-Based Human Serum Albumin Detection. JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY 2022. [DOI: 10.1134/s1061934822020113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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9
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Francotte A, Esson R, Abachin E, Vanhamme M, Dobly A, Carpick B, Uhlrich S, Dierick JF, Vanhee C. Development and validation of a targeted LC-MS/MS quantitation method to monitor cell culture expression of tetanus neurotoxin during vaccine production. Talanta 2022; 236:122883. [PMID: 34635263 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2021.122883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2021] [Revised: 09/10/2021] [Accepted: 09/12/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
The tetanus neurotoxin (TeNT) is one of the most toxic proteins known to man, which prior to the use of the vaccine against the TeNT producing bacteria Clostridium tetani, resulted in a 20% mortality rate upon infection. The clinical detrimental effects of tetanus have decreased immensely since the introduction of global vaccination programs, which depend on sustainable vaccine production. One of the major critical points in the manufacturing of these vaccines is the stable and reproducible production of high levels of toxin by the bacterial seed strains. In order to minimize time loss, the amount of TeNT is often monitored during and at the end of the bacterial culturing. The different methods that are currently available to assess the amount of TeNT in the bacterial medium suffer from variability, lack of sensitivity, and/or require specific antibodies. In accordance with the consistency approach and the three Rs (3Rs), both aiming to reduce the use of animals for testing, in-process monitoring of TeNT production could benefit from animal and antibody-free analytical tools. In this paper, we describe the development and validation of a new and reliable antibody free targeted LC-MS/MS method that is able to identify and quantify the amount of TeNT present in the bacterial medium during the different production time points up to the harvesting of the TeNT just prior to further upstream purification and detoxification. The quantitation method, validated according to ICH guidelines and by the application of the total error approach, was utilized to assess the amount of TeNT present in the cell culture medium of two TeNT production batches during different steps in the vaccine production process prior to the generation of the toxoid. The amount of TeNT generated under different physical stress conditions applied during bacterial culture was also monitored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antoine Francotte
- Department of Expertise and Service Provision, Quality of Vaccines and Blood Products, Sciensano, 14 rue Juliette Wytsman, 1050, Brussels, Belgium; Department of Chemical and Physical Health Risks, Medicines and Health Care Products, Sciensano, 14 rue Juliette Wytsman, 1050, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Raphael Esson
- Sanofi Pasteur, 1541 Avenue Marcel Mérieux, 69280, Marcy l'Etoile, France
| | - Eric Abachin
- Sanofi Pasteur, 1541 Avenue Marcel Mérieux, 69280, Marcy l'Etoile, France
| | - Melissa Vanhamme
- Department of Chemical and Physical Health Risks, Medicines and Health Care Products, Sciensano, 14 rue Juliette Wytsman, 1050, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Alexandre Dobly
- Department of Expertise and Service Provision, Quality of Vaccines and Blood Products, Sciensano, 14 rue Juliette Wytsman, 1050, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Bruce Carpick
- Sanofi Pasteur, 1755 Steeles Ave West, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Sylvie Uhlrich
- Sanofi Pasteur, 1541 Avenue Marcel Mérieux, 69280, Marcy l'Etoile, France
| | | | - Celine Vanhee
- Department of Chemical and Physical Health Risks, Medicines and Health Care Products, Sciensano, 14 rue Juliette Wytsman, 1050, Brussels, Belgium.
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10
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Karatoy Erdem B, Özcan M, Yılmaz VT, Akkaya B, Çetinkaya R, Ersoy F, Süleymanlar G, Akbas H. A UFLC-MS/MS Method for the Simultaneous Analysis of Urinary Podocin and Podocalyxin in Patients with Nephrotic Syndrome. Lab Med 2021; 53:246-254. [PMID: 34698337 DOI: 10.1093/labmed/lmab089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To create an efficient and robust mass spectrometric method for the simultaneous quantitation of podocin and podocalyxin in urine samples and to evaluate urinary podocin and podocalyxin levels in patients with nephrotic syndrome (NS). METHODS A mass spectrometric method was generated for the measurement of tryptic peptides in urine sediment. Separation of peptides was achieved via liquid chromatography, and mass spectrometric analyses were conducted by electrospray ionization triple-quadrupole mass spectrometry in the multiple reaction monitoring mode. RESULTS Intra- and interassay precision values were below 12% and accuracies ranged from 87% to 111% for both of peptides. The validated method was successfully applied to detect these peptides in patients with NS. Urine podocin and podocalyxin levels were significantly higher in patients with NS compared to healthy controls. CONCLUSIONS This proposed mass spectrometric method provides technological evidence that will benefit the clinical field in the early diagnosis and follow-up of NS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bilge Karatoy Erdem
- Akdeniz University Faculty of Medicine Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Antalya, Turkey
| | - Mualla Özcan
- Akdeniz University Faculty of Medicine Department of Pathology, Antalya, Turkey
| | - Vural Taner Yılmaz
- Akdeniz University Faculty of Medicine Department of Nephrology, Antalya, Turkey
| | - Bahar Akkaya
- Akdeniz University Faculty of Medicine Department of Pathology, Antalya, Turkey
| | - Ramazan Çetinkaya
- Akdeniz University Faculty of Medicine Department of Nephrology, Antalya, Turkey
| | - Fevzi Ersoy
- Akdeniz University Faculty of Medicine Department of Nephrology, Antalya, Turkey
| | - Gültekin Süleymanlar
- Akdeniz University Faculty of Medicine Department of Nephrology, Antalya, Turkey
| | - Halide Akbas
- Akdeniz University Faculty of Medicine Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Antalya, Turkey
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11
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Ohuchi M, Yagishita S, Taguchi K, Goto Y, Fukahori M, Enoki Y, Shimada T, Yamaguchi M, Matsumoto K, Hamada A. Use of an alternative signature peptide during development of a LC-MS/MS assay of plasma nivolumab levels applicable for multiple species. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2021; 1162:122489. [PMID: 33385769 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2020.122489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2020] [Revised: 08/25/2020] [Accepted: 12/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Recently, immune checkpoint inhibitors, including anti-programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1) antibodies, have dramatically changed treatment strategies for several cancers. In pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic studies, experiments using a variety of animal species are assumed. We have identified optimal multiple reaction monitoring transitions for signature candidate peptides of nivolumab in human, mouse, and rat plasma and developed a liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) method to quantify nivolumab (an anti-PD-1 antibody) using trastuzumab as the internal standard. Calibration curves were linear in the range of 1-200 µg/mL. The intra- and inter-day precision and accuracy in human plasma fulfilled Food and Drug Administration guideline criteria for bioanalytical validation. There was no need to change the measurement method in mouse plasma. On the other hand, in rat plasma, an interference peak was observed at a retention time similar to that of the surrogate peptide ASGITFSNSGMHWVR (550.75 > 661.50) employed in human and mouse plasma. Therefore, we confirmed that ASQSVSSYLAWYQQKPGQAPR (785.0 > 940.2) can be used as an alternate nivolumab surrogate peptide in rat plasma at the same concentration range as used in human and mouse plasma. Using our method, the concentration range and a gradual increase in trough value were confirmed in clinical samples from two antibody-treated patients, including one with gastric cancer and one with non-small-cell lung cancer. The time course and blood concentration transition also were evaluated in nivolumab administration experiments in mouse and rat. The present study showed that the selection of the optimal peptide is essential for accurate LC-MS/MS measurement of nivolumab concentration in human, mouse, and rat plasma. The method developed here is expected to be of use in non-clinical and clinical pharmacokinetic studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mayu Ohuchi
- Division of Molecular Pharmacology, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Tokyo, Japan; Department of Medical Oncology and Translational Research, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Shigehiro Yagishita
- Division of Molecular Pharmacology, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kazuaki Taguchi
- Division of Pharmacodynamics, Keio University Faculty of Pharmacy, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yasushi Goto
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, National Cancer Center Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masaru Fukahori
- Multidisciplinary Treatment Cancer Center, Kurume University Hospital, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Yuki Enoki
- Division of Pharmacodynamics, Keio University Faculty of Pharmacy, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takashi Shimada
- SHIMADZU Bioscience Research Partnership, Shimadzu Scientific Instruments, Bothell, WA, USA
| | | | - Kazuaki Matsumoto
- Division of Pharmacodynamics, Keio University Faculty of Pharmacy, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Akinobu Hamada
- Division of Molecular Pharmacology, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Tokyo, Japan; Department of Medical Oncology and Translational Research, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan.
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12
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Chen Y, Liu H, Loh TP, Liu Q, Teo TL, Lee TK, Sethi SK. Measurement of urine albumin by liquid chromatography-isotope dilution tandem mass spectrometry and its application to value assignment of external quality assessment samples and certification of reference materials. Clin Chem Lab Med 2020; 59:711-720. [DOI: 10.1515/cclm-2020-0969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2020] [Accepted: 09/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Objectives
Urine albumin is measured in clinical laboratories by immunoturbidimetry. However, large biases are observed among the different routine methods. To standardize the measurement of urine albumin, a reference measurement procedure (RMP) and urine albumin certified reference materials (CRMs) are needed.
Methods
A candidate RMP for urine albumin based on liquid chromatography-isotope dilution tandem mass spectrometry (LC-IDMS/MS) using human serum albumin as calibration standard was developed. Isotope-labeled human albumin was used as internal standard. Urine samples were digested using trypsin and eight resulting “signature” peptides of albumin were quantified by LC-IDMS/MS. The candidate RMP was employed in value assignment of external quality assessment (EQA) samples and certification of urine albumin reference materials. The commutability of the developed CRMs was assessed against patient samples.
Results
The candidate RMP (recovery 101.5–103.2% and CV 1.2–3.3% at about 7–40 mg/L) met optimal performance goal. The lower limit of quantification was 0.03 mg/L as determined by signal-to-noise method. The EQA results from clinical laboratories using different immunoturbidimetric methods were generally comparable with assigned target values determined by the candidate RMP, with albumin concentrations ranging from 5 to 226 mg/L. Urine albumin reference materials (two levels) certified using the candidate RMP showed good commutability in a preliminary study.
Conclusions
With optimal method precision and trueness, as well as comparability with routine methods, the developed RMP may be used for value assignment of EQA samples or certification of reference materials, which are important pillars in urine albumin method standardization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yizhao Chen
- Chemical Metrology Division, Applied Sciences Group , Health Sciences Authority , Singapore , Singapore
| | - Hong Liu
- Chemical Metrology Division, Applied Sciences Group , Health Sciences Authority , Singapore , Singapore
| | - Tze Ping Loh
- Department of Laboratory Medicine , National University Hospital , Singapore , Singapore
| | - Qinde Liu
- Chemical Metrology Division, Applied Sciences Group , Health Sciences Authority , Singapore , Singapore
| | - Tang Lin Teo
- Chemical Metrology Division, Applied Sciences Group , Health Sciences Authority , Singapore , Singapore
| | - Tong Kooi Lee
- Chemical Metrology Division, Applied Sciences Group , Health Sciences Authority , Singapore , Singapore
| | - Sunil Kumar Sethi
- Department of Laboratory Medicine , National University Hospital , Singapore , Singapore
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13
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Compensate for or Minimize Matrix Effects? Strategies for Overcoming Matrix Effects in Liquid Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry Technique: A Tutorial Review. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25133047. [PMID: 32635301 PMCID: PMC7412464 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25133047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2020] [Revised: 06/30/2020] [Accepted: 07/01/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
In recent decades, mass spectrometry techniques, particularly when combined with separation methods such as high-performance liquid chromatography, have become increasingly important in pharmaceutical, bio-analytical, environmental, and food science applications because they afford high selectivity and sensitivity. However, mass spectrometry has limitations due to the matrix effects (ME), which can be particularly marked in complex mixes, when the analyte co-elutes together with other molecules, altering analysis results quantitatively. This may be detrimental during method validation, negatively affecting reproducibility, linearity, selectivity, accuracy, and sensitivity. Starting from literature and own experience, this review intends to provide a simple guideline for selecting the best operative conditions to overcome matrix effects in LC-MS techniques, to obtain the best result in the shortest time. The proposed methodology can be of benefit in different sectors, such as pharmaceutical, bio-analytical, environmental, and food sciences. Depending on the required sensitivity, analysts may minimize or compensate for ME. When sensitivity is crucial, analysis must try to minimize ME by adjusting MS parameters, chromatographic conditions, or optimizing clean-up. On the contrary, to compensate for ME analysts should have recourse to calibration approaches depending on the availability of blank matrix. When blank matrices are available, calibration can occur through isotope labeled internal standards and matrix matched calibration standards; conversely, when blank matrices are not available, calibration can be performed through isotope labeled internal standards, background subtraction, or surrogate matrices. In any case, an adjusting of MS parameters, chromatographic conditions, or a clean-up are necessary.
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14
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Development of Human Serum Albumin Selective Fluorescent Probe Using Thieno[3,2- b]pyridine-5( 4H)-one Fluorophore Derivatives. SENSORS 2019; 19:s19235298. [PMID: 31805717 PMCID: PMC6928863 DOI: 10.3390/s19235298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2019] [Revised: 11/19/2019] [Accepted: 11/28/2019] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
The level of human serum albumin (HSA) in biological fluids is a key health indicator and its quantitative determination has great clinical importance. In this study, we developed a selective and sensitive fluorescent HSA probe by fluorescence-based high-throughput screening of a set of fluorescent thieno[3,2-b]pyridine-5(4H)-one derivatives against major plasma proteins: HSA, bovine serum albumin (BSA), globulin, fibrinogen, and transferrin. The fluorophore chosen finally (4) showed noticeable fluorescence enhancement in the presence of HSA (160-fold increase), and it exhibited rapid response, high sensitivity (detection limit 8 nM), and the ability to clearly distinguish HSA from BSA in pH 9 buffer condition. Moreover, the probe could be applicable to detect trace amounts of HSA in an artificial urine sample; further, it might be applied to the determination of the HSA concentration in complex biological samples for pre-clinical diagnosis.
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15
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Chiu HH, Liao HW, Shao YY, Lu YS, Lin CH, Tsai IL, Kuo CH. Development of a general method for quantifying IgG-based therapeutic monoclonal antibodies in human plasma using protein G purification coupled with a two internal standard calibration strategy using LC-MS/MS. Anal Chim Acta 2018; 1019:93-102. [PMID: 29625688 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2018.02.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2017] [Revised: 02/09/2018] [Accepted: 02/11/2018] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Monoclonal antibody (mAb) drugs have generated much interest in recent years for treating various diseases. Immunoglobulin G (IgG) represents a high percentage of mAb drugs that have been approved by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA). To facilitate therapeutic drug monitoring and pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic studies, we developed a general liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) method to quantify the concentration of IgG-based mAbs in human plasma. Three IgG-based drugs (bevacizumab, nivolumab and pembrolizumab) were selected to demonstrate our method. Protein G beads were used for sample pretreatment due to their universal ability to trap IgG-based drugs. Surrogate peptides that were obtained after trypsin digestion were quantified by using LC-MS/MS. To calibrate sample preparation errors and matrix effects that occur during LC-MS/MS analysis, we used two internal standards (IS) method that include the IgG-based drug-IS tocilizumab and post-column infused IS. Using two internal standards was found to effectively improve quantification accuracy, which was within 15% for all mAb drugs that were tested at three different concentrations. This general method was validated in term of its precision, accuracy, linearity and sensitivity for 3 demonstration mAb drugs. The successful application of the method to clinical samples demonstrated its' applicability in clinical analysis. It is anticipated that this general method could be applied to other mAb-based drugs for use in precision medicine and clinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huai-Hsuan Chiu
- School of Pharmacy, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hsiao-Wei Liao
- School of Pharmacy, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Yun Shao
- Department of Oncology, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taiwan
| | - Yen-Shen Lu
- Department of Oncology, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Hung Lin
- Department of Oncology, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taiwan; Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taiwan
| | - I-Lin Tsai
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Hua Kuo
- School of Pharmacy, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan; The Metabolomics Core Laboratory, Center of Genomic Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Pharmacy, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.
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16
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Seegmiller JC, Miller WG, Bachmann LM. Moving Toward Standardization of Urine Albumin Measurements. EJIFCC 2017; 28:258-267. [PMID: 29333145 PMCID: PMC5746835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Measurement of urine albumin is important for detecting and monitoring kidney disease. At the present time, measurement of urine albumin is not standardized due to the lack of a reference system, which includes both a reference measurement procedure and certified reference materials. Developing a reference system will provide a means for clinical laboratory measurement procedures to become standardized and will enable successful use of uniform clinical decision points. Currently, urine albumin results vary in excess of 40% depending on which commercially available measurement procedure is utilized for measurement. Clinicians may struggle with classification of kidney disease in part due to differences in measurements from lack of agreement among laboratory methodologies employed when assessing urine albumin concentrations. This report focuses on current findings in urine albumin testing, highlights important measurement and reporting considerations, and presents strategies for developing a reference measurement procedure to enable standardization of urine albumin measurements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jesse C. Seegmiller
- University of Minnesota, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - W. Greg Miller
- Virginia Commonwealth University, Department of Pathology, Richmond, Virginia, USA
| | - Lorin M. Bachmann
- Virginia Commonwealth University, Department of Pathology, Richmond, Virginia, USA
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17
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Gao T, Yang S, Cao X, Dong J, Zhao N, Ge P, Zeng W, Cheng Z. Smart Self-Assembled Organic Nanoprobe for Protein-Specific Detection: Design, Synthesis, Application, and Mechanism Studies. Anal Chem 2017; 89:10085-10093. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.7b02923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tang Gao
- Xiangya
School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha 410013, China
| | - Shuqi Yang
- Xiangya
School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha 410013, China
| | - Xiaozheng Cao
- Xiangya
School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha 410013, China
| | - Jie Dong
- Xiangya
School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha 410013, China
| | - Ning Zhao
- Molecular
Imaging Program at Stanford (MIPS), Canary Center at Stanford for
Cancer Early Detection, Department of Radiology and Bio-X Program,
School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94040, United States
| | - Peng Ge
- Xiangya
School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha 410013, China
| | - Wenbin Zeng
- Xiangya
School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha 410013, China
| | - Zhen Cheng
- Molecular
Imaging Program at Stanford (MIPS), Canary Center at Stanford for
Cancer Early Detection, Department of Radiology and Bio-X Program,
School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94040, United States
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18
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Bias due to isotopic incorporation in both relative and absolute protein quantitation with carbon-13 and nitrogen-15 labeled peptides. CLINICAL MASS SPECTROMETRY 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clinms.2017.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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19
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Kam RKT, Ho CS, Chan MHM. Serum Insulin-like Growth Factor I Quantitation by Mass Spectrometry: Insights for Protein Quantitation with this Technology. EJIFCC 2016; 27:318-330. [PMID: 28149264 PMCID: PMC5282915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
Abstract
Liquid chromatography mass spectrometry (LC-MS) is a widely used technique in the clinical laboratory, especially for small molecule quantitation in biological specimens, for example, steroid hormones and therapeutic drugs. Analysis of circulating macromolecules, including proteins and peptides, is largely dominated by traditional enzymatic, spectrophotometric, or immunological assays in clinical laboratories. However, these methodologies are known to be subjected to interfering substances, for example heterophilic antibodies, as well as subjected to non-specificity issues. In recent years, there has been a growing interest in using LC-MS platforms for protein analysis in the clinical setting, due to the superior specificity compared to immunoassay, and the possibility of simultaneous quantitation of multiple proteins. Different analytical approaches are possible using LC-MS-based methodology, including accurate mass measurement of intact molecules, protein digestion followed by detection of proteolytic peptides, and in combination with immunoaffinity purification. Proteins with different complexity, isoforms, variants, or chemical alteration can be simultaneously analysed by LC-MS, either by targeted or non-targeted approaches. While the LC-MS platform offers a more specific determination of proteins, there remain issues of LC-MS assay harmonization, correlation with current existing platforms, and the potential impact in making clinical decision. In this review, the clinical utility, historical aspect, and challenges in using LC-MS for protein analysis in the clinical setting will be discussed, using insulin-like growth factor (IGF) as an example.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard Kin Ting Kam
- Scientific Officer Department of Chemical Pathology The Chinese University of Hong Kong Prince of Wales Hospital Shatin New Territories Hong Kong SAR, China
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20
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Zangheri M, Di Nardo F, Mirasoli M, Anfossi L, Nascetti A, Caputo D, De Cesare G, Guardigli M, Baggiani C, Roda A. Chemiluminescence lateral flow immunoassay cartridge with integrated amorphous silicon photosensors array for human serum albumin detection in urine samples. Anal Bioanal Chem 2016; 408:8869-8879. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-016-9991-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2016] [Revised: 09/02/2016] [Accepted: 09/29/2016] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
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21
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Ma XX, Wang CC, Cai WS, Shao XG. Quantification of albumin in urine using preconcentration and near-infrared diffuse reflectance spectroscopy. CHINESE CHEM LETT 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cclet.2016.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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22
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Quantitative analysis of endogenous compounds. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2016; 128:426-437. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2016.06.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 125] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2016] [Revised: 06/08/2016] [Accepted: 06/09/2016] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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23
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Sarro M, Baggiani C, Giovannoli C, Cerruti M, Calza P, Anfossi L. Functionalized TiO2Nanoparticles as Labels for Immunoassay. ChemistrySelect 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.201600334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Marco Sarro
- Department of Chemistry; University of Turin; Via Giuria, 5 I-10125 Turin Italy
| | - Claudio Baggiani
- Department of Chemistry; University of Turin; Via Giuria, 5 I-10125 Turin Italy
| | - Cristina Giovannoli
- Department of Chemistry; University of Turin; Via Giuria, 5 I-10125 Turin Italy
| | - Marta Cerruti
- Materials Engineering; McGill University; 3610 University St. Montreal QC H3 A 0C5 Canada
| | - Paola Calza
- Department of Chemistry; University of Turin; Via Giuria, 5 I-10125 Turin Italy
| | - Laura Anfossi
- Department of Chemistry; University of Turin; Via Giuria, 5 I-10125 Turin Italy
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24
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Steffen P, Kwiatkowski M, Robertson WD, Zarrine-Afsar A, Deterra D, Richter V, Schlüter H. Protein species as diagnostic markers. J Proteomics 2016; 134:5-18. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2015.12.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2015] [Revised: 11/28/2015] [Accepted: 12/09/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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25
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Arnold SL, Stevison F, Isoherranen N. Impact of Sample Matrix on Accuracy of Peptide Quantification: Assessment of Calibrator and Internal Standard Selection and Method Validation. Anal Chem 2016; 88:746-53. [PMID: 26606514 PMCID: PMC4817721 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.5b03004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Protein quantification based on peptides using LC-MS/MS has emerged as a promising method to measure biomarkers, protein drugs, and endogenous proteins. However, the best practices for selection, optimization, and validation of the quantification peptides are not well established, and the influence of different matrices on protein digestion, peptide stability, and MS detection has not been systematically addressed. The aim of this study was to determine how biological matrices affect digestion, detection, and stability of peptides. The microsomal retinol dehydrogenase (RDH11) and cytosolic soluble aldehyde dehydrogenases (ALDH1As) involved in the synthesis of retinoic acid (RA) were chosen as model proteins. Considerable differences in the digestion efficiency, sensitivity, and matrix effects between peptides were observed regardless of the target protein's subcellular localization. The precision and accuracy of the quantification of RDH11 and ALDH1A were affected by the choice of calibration and internal standards. The final method using recombinant protein calibrators and stable isotope labeled (SIL) peptide internal standards was validated for human liver. The results demonstrate that different sample matrices have peptide, time, and matrix specific effects on protein digestion and absolute quantification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel L. Arnold
- Department of Pharmaceutics, University of Washington, Health Science Building, Room H-272M Box 357610 Seattle Washington 98195-7610 USA
| | - Faith Stevison
- Department of Pharmaceutics, University of Washington, Health Science Building, Room H-272M Box 357610 Seattle Washington 98195-7610 USA
| | - Nina Isoherranen
- Department of Pharmaceutics, University of Washington, Health Science Building, Room H-272M Box 357610 Seattle Washington 98195-7610 USA
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26
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Wang YR, Feng L, Xu L, Li Y, Wang DD, Hou J, Zhou K, Jin Q, Ge GB, Cui JN, Yang L. A rapid-response fluorescent probe for the sensitive and selective detection of human albumin in plasma and cell culture supernatants. Chem Commun (Camb) 2016; 52:6064-7. [DOI: 10.1039/c6cc00119j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
A rapid-response fluorescent probeACDMwas developed for selective and sensitive detection of human albumin (HA)viabinding on a non-drug binding site.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Ru Wang
- Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Dalian
- China
- Dalian Medical University
| | - Lei Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals
- Dalian University of Technology
- Dalian
- China
| | - Liang Xu
- School of Chemistry
- Dalian University of Technology
- Dalian
- China
| | - Yan Li
- Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Dalian
- China
| | - Dan-Dan Wang
- Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Dalian
- China
| | - Jie Hou
- Dalian Medical University
- Dalian 116044
- China
| | - Kun Zhou
- Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Dalian
- China
| | - Qiang Jin
- Dalian Medical University
- Dalian 116044
- China
| | - Guang-Bo Ge
- Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Dalian
- China
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals
| | - Jing-Nan Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals
- Dalian University of Technology
- Dalian
- China
| | - Ling Yang
- Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Dalian
- China
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27
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Abstract
Antibody-free approaches for quantitative LC–MS/MS-based protein bioanalysis are reviewed and critically evaluated, and compared with the more widely used immunoaffinity-based approaches. Antibody-free workflows will be divided into four groups and discussed in the following order: direct analysis of signature peptides after proteolytic digestion; enrichment of target proteins and signature peptides by fractionated protein precipitation; enrichment of target proteins and signature peptides by reversed-phase and ion-exchange solid-phase extraction; and enrichment of target proteins and signature peptides by (antibody-free) affinity-solid-phase extraction.
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28
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Scherl A. Clinical protein mass spectrometry. Methods 2015; 81:3-14. [PMID: 25752846 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymeth.2015.02.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2014] [Revised: 02/24/2015] [Accepted: 02/25/2015] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Quantitative protein analysis is routinely performed in clinical chemistry laboratories for diagnosis, therapeutic monitoring, and prognosis. Today, protein assays are mostly performed either with non-specific detection methods or immunoassays. Mass spectrometry (MS) is a very specific analytical method potentially very well suited for clinical laboratories. Its unique advantage relies in the high specificity of the detection. Any protein sequence variant, the presence of a post-translational modification or degradation will differ in mass and structure, and these differences will appear in the mass spectrum of the protein. On the other hand, protein MS is a relatively young technique, demanding specialized personnel and expensive instrumentation. Many scientists and opinion leaders predict MS to replace immunoassays for routine protein analysis, but there are only few protein MS applications routinely used in clinical chemistry laboratories today. The present review consists of a didactical introduction summarizing the pros and cons of MS assays compared to immunoassays, the different instrumentations, and various MS protein assays that have been proposed and/or are used in clinical laboratories. An important distinction is made between full length protein analysis (top-down method) and peptide analysis after enzymatic digestion of the proteins (bottom-up method) and its implication for the protein assay. The document ends with an outlook on what type of analyses could be used in the future, and for what type of applications MS has a clear advantage compared to immunoassays.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Scherl
- Department of Human Protein Science, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland; Department of Genetic and Laboratory Medicine, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland.
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29
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Lankes U, Brennan SO, Walmsley TA, George PM. Relative quantification of albumin and fibrinogen modifications by liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry in the diagnosis and monitoring of acute pancreatitis. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2015; 988:121-6. [PMID: 25770789 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2015.02.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2014] [Revised: 02/09/2015] [Accepted: 02/10/2015] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
The increasing availability of liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) in clinical laboratories provides the opportunity to replace or complement present underperforming immuno- and chemometric assays. Amylase and lipase show limited specificity and sensitivity for pancreatic inflammation and lack the capacity of monitoring the disease due to their short half-lives. Previous findings suggested that cleavage products of the pancreatic enzyme carboxypeptidase A could be a more suitable indicator for defining and classifying pancreatic inflammation. The plasma proteins albumin and β-fibrinogen were digested with trypsin and truncated forms (des-Leu-albumin, and des-Gln-β-fibrinogen) quantified against their non-truncated forms by LC-MS/MS. Four hundred fifty eight samples from 83 patients were used to evaluate the novel method and affirm its suitability for detecting acute pancreatitis. A robust, selective, precise and accurate LC-MS/MS method was set up to measure the proportion of truncated proteins. Reference ranges for the proportion of the truncated albumin and β-fibrinogen were from 2% to 9% and 3% to 25%, respectively. Acute pancreatitis patients had values above these ranges and were distinctly separated from reference control individuals. The longer circulating half-lives of albumin and fibrinogen compared to pancreatic enzymes themselves provide the potential to diagnose pancreatitis more specifically over a longer time period, to monitor the course of the disease, and to track recurrent complications. The wide range of the proportion and the differential half-life of both truncated proteins could also be used for assessing the severity of pancreatitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ulrich Lankes
- Steroid and Immunobiochemistry Unit, Canterbury Health Laboratories, 524 Hagley Avenue, Christchurch 8011, New Zealand.
| | - Stephen O Brennan
- Molecular Pathology Laboratory, University of Otago Christchurch, Christchurch 8011, New Zealand
| | - Trevor A Walmsley
- Clinical Biochemistry, Canterbury Health Laboratories, 524 Hagley Avenue, Christchurch 8011, New Zealand
| | - Peter M George
- Clinical Biochemistry, Canterbury Health Laboratories, 524 Hagley Avenue, Christchurch 8011, New Zealand
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30
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Selective analysis of human serum albumin based on SEC-ICP-MS after labelling with iophenoxic acid. Anal Bioanal Chem 2015; 407:2829-36. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-015-8507-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2014] [Revised: 01/15/2015] [Accepted: 01/20/2015] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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31
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Assessment of the influence of the patient's inflammatory state on the accuracy of a haptoglobin selected reaction monitoring assay. Clin Proteomics 2014; 11:38. [PMID: 25392709 PMCID: PMC4228078 DOI: 10.1186/1559-0275-11-38] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2014] [Accepted: 09/11/2014] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The use of targeted LC-MS/MS methods for protein quantitation in clinical laboratories implies a careful evaluation of potential sources of analytical interference. In this study, we investigated whether inflammation, which is associated with both the release of proteolytic enzymes and increased expression of acute phase protease inhibitors, is affecting the accuracy of a haptoglobin selected reaction monitoring (SRM) assay. RESULTS A SRM assay was developed and used to quantify haptoglobin in 57 human serum samples. The SRM assay had CVs (n = 6) of 12.9% at 698 mg/L and 11.8% at 1690 mg/L. Results of the SRM assay were compared to those of a commercial immunonephelometric test. Passing-Bablok regression gave a proportional bias of 0.92 (95% CI: 0.82 to 1.04) and a constant bias of 75.40 (95% CI: -71.09 to 251.04), indicating that SRM and immunonephelometric assays provided comparable results. We then investigated whether the accuracy of the SRM assay was influenced by the patient's inflammatory state by assessing the relationship between the serum CRP concentration and the bias between the two methods. No correlation was found between the SRM/immunoassay bias and the CRP concentration (Pearson correlation coefficient r = 0.0898). CONCLUSIONS These data indicate that neither the release of proteolytic enzymes nor the increased level of protease inhibitors occurring during inflammation processes have a significant impact on the haptoglobin SRM assay accuracy. Such studies provide important information about potential sources of analytical interferences in protein SRM assays.
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32
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Liu G, Zhao Y, Angeles A, Hamuro LL, Arnold ME, Shen JX. A novel and cost effective method of removing excess albumin from plasma/serum samples and its impacts on LC-MS/MS bioanalysis of therapeutic proteins. Anal Chem 2014; 86:8336-43. [PMID: 25083595 DOI: 10.1021/ac501837t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
We have developed an innovative method to remove albumin from plasma/serum samples for the LC-MS/MS quantitation of therapeutic proteins. Different combinations of organic solvents and acids were screened for their ability to remove albumin from plasma and serum samples. Removal efficiency was monitored by two signature peptides (QTALVELVK and LVNEVTEFAK) from albumin. Isopropanol with 1.0% trichloroacetic acid was found to be the most effective combination to remove albumin while retaining the protein of interest. Our approach was compared with a commercial albumin depletion kit on both efficiency of albumin removal and recovery of target proteins. We have demonstrated that our approach can remove 95% of the total albumin in human plasma samples while retaining close to 100% for two of three therapeutic proteins tested, with the third one at 60-80%. The commercial kit removed 98% of albumin but suffered at least 50% recovery loss for all therapeutic proteins when compared to our approach. Using BMS-C as a probe compound, the incorporation of the albumin removal approach has improved both assay sensitivity and ruggedness, compared to the whole plasma protein digestion approach alone. An LC-MS/MS method was developed and validated based on this new approach for the analysis of BMS-C in monkey serum. This assay was successfully applied to a toxicological study. When the albumin removal method was used in another clinical LC-MS/MS method, the sensitivity improved 10-fold to 50 ng/mL LLOQ comparing to a typical pellet digestion method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guowen Liu
- Bioanalytical Sciences, Research & Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Co. ; Route 206 and Province Line Road, Princeton, New Jersey 08543, United States
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Ladwig PM, Barnidge DR, Snyder MR, Katzmann JA, Murray DL. Quantification of Serum IgG Subclasses by Use of Subclass-Specific Tryptic Peptides and Liquid Chromatography–Tandem Mass Spectrometry. Clin Chem 2014; 60:1080-8. [DOI: 10.1373/clinchem.2014.222208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
BACKGROUND
Measurement of IgG subclasses is a useful tool for investigation of humoral immune deficiency in the presence of total IgG within reference intervals and IgG4-related disease. Nephelometry has been the method of choice for quantification. We describe an LC-MS/MS method that can multiplex all 4 subclasses along with total IgG by use of either IgG subclass-specific peptide stable isotope–labeled internal standards or a surrogate digest standard for quantification and does not rely on antigen/antibody reactions.
METHODS
We combined serum with labeled internal peptide standards and intact purified horse IgG. Samples were denatured, reduced, alkylated, and digested. We analyzed the digested serum by LC-MS/MS for IgG subclasses 1–4 and total IgG.
RESULTS
We assayed 112 patient sera by LC-MS/MS and immunonephelometry. The mean of the slopes and R2 values for IgG1, IgG2, IgG3, IgG4, and IgG were 1.18 and 0.93, respectively. Interassay imprecision for the LC-MS/MS method was <15% for total IgG and subclasses and was slightly improved by use of a calibrator peptide from an exogenous horse IgG. Summed total IgG correlated with the measured total IgG within 10%. Reference intervals and analytical measuring range were all similar to our previous validation data for the immunonephelometry assays.
CONCLUSIONS
Total IgG and IgG subclasses 1, 2, 3, and 4 can be quantified by LC-MS/MS with performance comparable to nephelometry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paula M Ladwig
- Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
| | | | | | | | - David L Murray
- Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
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Bachmann LM, Nilsson G, Bruns DE, McQueen MJ, Lieske JC, Zakowski JJ, Miller WG. State of the Art for Measurement of Urine Albumin: Comparison of Routine Measurement Procedures to Isotope Dilution Tandem Mass Spectrometry. Clin Chem 2014; 60:471-80. [DOI: 10.1373/clinchem.2013.210302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
BACKGROUND
Urine albumin is the primary biomarker for detection and monitoring of kidney damage. Because fixed decision criteria are used to identify patients with increased values, we investigated if commonly used routine measurement procedures gave comparable results.
METHODS
Results from 17 commercially available urine albumin measurement procedures were investigated vs an isotope dilution mass spectrometry (IDMS) procedure. Nonfrozen aliquots of freshly collected urine from 332 patients with chronic kidney disease, diabetes, cardiovascular disease, and hypertension were distributed to manufacturers to perform urine albumin measurements according to the respective instructions for use for each procedure. Frozen aliquots were used for measurements by the IDMS procedure. An error model was used to determine imprecision and bias components.
RESULTS
Median differences between the largest positive and negative biases vs IDMS were 45%, 37%, and 42% in the concentration intervals of 12–30 mg/L, 31–200 mg/L, and 201–1064 mg/L, respectively. Biases varied with concentration for most procedures and exceeded ±10% over the concentration interval for 14 of 16 quantitative procedures. Mean biases ranged from −35% to 34% at 15 mg/L. Dilution of samples with high concentrations introduced bias for 4 procedures. The combined CV was >10% for 5 procedures. It was not possible to estimate total error due to dependence of bias on concentration. CVs for sample-specific influences were 0% to 15.2%.
CONCLUSIONS
Bias was the dominant source of disagreement among routine measurement procedures. Consequently, standardization efforts will improve agreement among results. Variation of bias with concentration needs to be addressed by manufacturers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorin M Bachmann
- Department of Pathology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA
| | | | - David E Bruns
- Department of Pathology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA
| | - Matthew J McQueen
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - John C Lieske
- Mayo Clinic Renal Function Laboratory, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Rochester, MN
| | | | - W Greg Miller
- Department of Pathology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA
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Bronsema KJ, Bischoff R, van de Merbel NC. High-Sensitivity LC-MS/MS Quantification of Peptides and Proteins in Complex Biological Samples: The Impact of Enzymatic Digestion and Internal Standard Selection on Method Performance. Anal Chem 2013; 85:9528-35. [DOI: 10.1021/ac4015116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kees J. Bronsema
- Analytical Biochemistry, Department
of Pharmacy, University of Groningen, A. Deusinglaan 1, 9713 AV Groningen, The Netherlands
- Bioanalytical
Laboratory, PRA, Early Development Services, Westerbrink 3, 9405 BJ, Assen, The Netherlands
| | - Rainer Bischoff
- Analytical Biochemistry, Department
of Pharmacy, University of Groningen, A. Deusinglaan 1, 9713 AV Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Nico C. van de Merbel
- Analytical Biochemistry, Department
of Pharmacy, University of Groningen, A. Deusinglaan 1, 9713 AV Groningen, The Netherlands
- Bioanalytical
Laboratory, PRA, Early Development Services, Westerbrink 3, 9405 BJ, Assen, The Netherlands
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Analysis of biopharmaceutical proteins in biological matrices by LC-MS/MS I. Sample preparation. Trends Analyt Chem 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2012.11.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
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37
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Infusino I, Panteghini M. Serum albumin: Accuracy and clinical use. Clin Chim Acta 2013; 419:15-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2013.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2012] [Revised: 01/10/2013] [Accepted: 01/12/2013] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Lieske JC, Bondar O, Miller WG, Bachmann LM, Narva AS, Itoh Y, Zegers I, Schimmel H, Phinney K, Bunk DM. A reference system for urinary albumin: current status. Clin Chem Lab Med 2013; 51:981-9. [DOI: 10.1515/cclm-2012-0768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2012] [Accepted: 11/09/2012] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Kilpatrick EL, Liao WL, Camara JE, Turko IV, Bunk DM. Expression and characterization of 15N-labeled human C-reactive protein in Escherichia coli and Pichia pastoris for use in isotope-dilution mass spectrometry. Protein Expr Purif 2012; 85:94-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pep.2012.06.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2012] [Revised: 05/31/2012] [Accepted: 06/28/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Replacing immunoassays with tryptic digestion-peptide immunoaffinity enrichment and LC-MS/MS. Bioanalysis 2012; 4:281-90. [PMID: 22303832 DOI: 10.4155/bio.11.319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
For decades, immunoassays have provided the framework for protein biomarker studies in clinical medicine and in therapeutic monitoring for drug development. At the same time, investigators have uncovered many issues that make immunoassays unreliable in many human serum and plasma samples. LC-MS/MS after tryptic digestion of proteins is potentially an attractive solution, but the sensitivity of the method is not sufficient to measure many important low-abundance proteins directly. The use of antipeptide antibodies to immunoenrich peptides of interest can improve the sensitivity of the approach, greatly simplify the matrix enabling shortened chromatographic runs, and facilitate the multiplexed quantification of analytes, which could reduce the costs of quantitative protein measurements in complex specimens. We provide an overview of the method and the steps needed to develop an assay. In addition, we review the efforts to make this method generally more applicable.
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Garovic VD, Craici IM, Wagner SJ, White WM, Brost BC, Rose CH, Grande JP, Barnidge DR. Mass spectrometry as a novel method for detection of podocyturia in pre-eclampsia. Nephrol Dial Transplant 2012; 28:1555-61. [PMID: 22523117 DOI: 10.1093/ndt/gfs074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Podocyturia, i.e. urinary loss of viable podocytes, may serve as a diagnostic tool for pre-eclampsia and as a marker of active renal disease. The current method to detect podocyturia is technically complex, lengthy and requires a high level of expertise for interpretation. The aim of this study was to develop a new technique for the identification of urinary podocytes, based on the detection of podocyte-specific tryptic peptides by liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS), which will provide an operator-independent and highly reproducible method. METHODS AND RESULTS The diagnosis of pre-eclampsia was confirmed in the presence of hypertension (>140/90 mmHg) and proteinuria >0.3 g/24 h urine. The diagnosis of HELLP was confirmed based on the accepted clinical criteria of hemolysis, elevated liver enzymes and low platelet count. Random urine samples within 24 h prior to delivery were collected and centrifuged. One half of the sediment was cultured for 24 h to select for viable cells and then stained with a podocin antibody, followed by a secondary fluorescein isothiocyanate-labeled antibody to identify podocytes. The second half of the pellet was solubilized, digested and analyzed by LC-MS/MS using an internal standard. We have recruited 13 patients with pre-eclampsia and 6 patients with pre-eclampsia/HELLP syndrome. The presence of podocytes was confirmed in all patients by the podocyte culture method. In the respective samples, the presence of a podocin-specific tryptic peptide was confirmed with LC-MS/MS technology. CONCLUSION The LC-MS/MS method is a reliable technology for the identification of urinary podocytes, based on the presence of podocyte-specific proteins in the urine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vesna D Garovic
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA.
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42
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Internal standards in the quantitative determination of protein biopharmaceuticals using liquid chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2012; 893-894:1-14. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2012.02.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2011] [Revised: 02/10/2012] [Accepted: 02/13/2012] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
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43
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Rauh M. LC–MS/MS for protein and peptide quantification in clinical chemistry. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2012; 883-884:59-67. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2011.09.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2011] [Revised: 09/16/2011] [Accepted: 09/19/2011] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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44
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Liu R, Li G, Cui XF, Zhang DL, Yang QH, Mu XY, Pan WJ. Methodological evaluation and comparison of five urinary albumin measurements. J Clin Lab Anal 2012; 25:324-9. [PMID: 21919065 DOI: 10.1002/jcla.20477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Microalbuminuria is an indicator of kidney damage and a risk factor for the progression kidney disease, cardiovascular disease, and so on. Therefore, accurate and precise measurement of urinary albumin is critical. However, there are no reference measurement procedures and reference materials for urinary albumin. METHODS Nephelometry, turbidimetry, colloidal gold method, radioimmunoassay, and chemiluminescence immunoassay were performed for methodological evaluation, based on imprecision test, recovery rate, linearity, haemoglobin interference rate, and verified reference interval. Then we tested 40 urine samples from diabetic patients by each method, and compared the result between assays. RESULTS The results indicate that nephelometry is the method with best analytical performance among the five methods, with an average intraassay coefficient of variation (CV) of 2.6%, an average interassay CV of 1.7%, a mean recovery of 99.6%, a linearity of R=1.00 from 2 to 250 mg/l, and an interference rate of <10% at haemoglobin concentrations of <1.82 g/l. The correlation (r) between assays was from 0.701 to 0.982, and the Bland-Altman plots indicated each assay provided significantly different results from each other. CONCLUSION Nephelometry is the clinical urinary albumin method with best analytical performance in our study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Liu
- College of Precision Instrument and Opto-Electronics Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin, People's Republic of China.
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45
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Speeckaert MM, Speeckaert R, Van De Voorde L, Delanghe JR. Immunochemically unreactive albumin in urine: fiction or reality? Crit Rev Clin Lab Sci 2011; 48:87-96. [PMID: 21871001 DOI: 10.3109/10408363.2011.591366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Urinary albumin measurements are currently not standardized due to a lack of a reference method and reference (primary and secondary [matrix]) material. Multiple molecular forms of albumin in urine are identified. Modification of albumin by proteolysis during passage through the urinary tract and chemical modification during specimen storage leads to the formation of albumin fragments. Multiple methods have been developed to quantify albuminuria and significant different results are reported dependent on the available assay. The current point of view of the National Kidney Disease Education Program - IFCC Working Group on Standardization of Albumin considers the immunoassay with polyclonal sera as the primary method of quantifying urine albumin. This article reviews the process of albumin fragmentation and focuses on the controversial topic of immuno-unreactive, nonimmunoreactive, or immunochemically nonreactive albumin fractions and its consequences for albumin analysis. We conclude that at present there are no hard arguments for measuring immunochemically unreactive albumin in urine. Immunoassays using polyclonal antisera for the detection of urinary albumin remain the gold standard. The development of a reference measurement procedure remains one of the challenges for the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marijn M Speeckaert
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, University of Ghent, Faculty of Medicine, Belgium
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46
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Austin RJ, Kuestner RE, Chang DK, Madden KR, Martin DB. SILAC compatible strain of Pichia pastoris for expression of isotopically labeled protein standards and quantitative proteomics. J Proteome Res 2011; 10:5251-9. [PMID: 21942632 DOI: 10.1021/pr200551e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The methylotrophic yeast Pichia pastoris is a powerful eukaryotic platform for the production of heterologous protein. Recent publication of the P. pastoris genome has facilitated strain development toward biopharmaceutical and environmental science applications and has advanced the organism as a model system for the study of peroxisome biogenesis and methanol metabolism. Here we report the development of a P. pastoris arg-/lys- auxotrophic strain compatible with SILAC (stable isotope labeling by amino acids in cell culture) proteomic studies, which is capable of generating large quantities of isotopically labeled protein for mass spectrometry-based biomarker measurements. We demonstrate the utility of this strain to produce high purity human serum albumin uniformly labeled with isotopically heavy arginine and lysine. In addition, we demonstrate the first quantitative proteomic analysis of methanol metabolism in P. pastoris, reporting new evidence for a malate-aspartate NADH shuttle mechanism in the organism. This strain will be a useful model organism for the study of metabolism and peroxisome generation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan J Austin
- Institute for Systems Biology, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
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47
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Martin H. Laboratory measurement of urine albumin and urine total protein in screening for proteinuria in chronic kidney disease. Clin Biochem Rev 2011; 32:97-102. [PMID: 21611083 PMCID: PMC3100287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Laboratory measurement of urine total protein has been important for the diagnosis and monitoring of renal disease for decades, and since the late 1990s, urine albumin has been measured to determine whether a diabetic patient has incipient nephropathy. Evolving understanding of chronic kidney disease (CKD) and, in particular, the cardiovascular risks that CKD confers, demands more sensitive detection of protein in urine. As well, evidence is now emerging that cardiovascular and all-cause mortality risks are increased at levels within the current 'normal' range for urine albumin. Standardisation is essential to permit valid application of universal decision points, and a National Kidney Disease Education Program/International Federation of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine (NKDEP/IFCC) Working Party is making progress towards a reference system for urine albumin. In the meantime, available data suggest that Australasian laboratory performance is adequate in terms of precision and accuracy above current decision limits for urine albumin. In contrast, the complexity of proteins in urine makes standardisation of urine total protein measurement impossible. As well, urine total protein measurement is insufficiently sensitive to detect clinically important concentrations of urine albumin. An Australasian Expert Group, the Proteinuria Albuminuria Working Group (PAWG) has proposed that urine albumin/creatinine ratio is measured in a fresh, first morning, spot sample to screen for proteinuria in CKD. Both NKDEP/IFCC and PAWG emphasise the need for standardisation of sample collection and handling.
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Hu XT, Owens MA. Multiplexed protein quantification in maize leaves by liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry: an alternative tool to immunoassays for target protein analysis in genetically engineered crops. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2011; 59:3551-3558. [PMID: 21388131 DOI: 10.1021/jf104516r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
A multiplexing liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) method to quantify three proteins in maize leaves was developed and validated. For each protein, a hybrid Q-TRAP mass spectrometer was operated in the information-dependent acquisition (IDA) mode to select optimal potential signature peptides. The respective signature peptides were then further optimized and quantified as protein surrogates by multiple reaction monitoring (MRM). Leaf crude extracts were subject to microwave-assisted trypsin digestion for 30 min and then injected directly onto a high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) column without further separation or enrichment. The minimum sample process enabled us to achieve high recovery and good reproducibility, with a throughput of 200 samples per day. Using recombinant proteins as standards, a linear dynamic quantitative range of 2 orders of magnitude was obtained (correlation coefficient > 0.997) with good accuracy (deviation from nominal concentration < 15%) for all three proteins. Our study demonstrates that LC-MS/MS can be used as an alternative to immunoassays to quantify multiple low abundant proteins in genetically engineered crops.
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Affiliation(s)
- X Tiger Hu
- Pioneer Hi-Bred International, Johnston, Iowa 50131, United States.
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Meng Z, Veenstra TD. Targeted mass spectrometry approaches for protein biomarker verification. J Proteomics 2011; 74:2650-9. [PMID: 21540133 DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2011.04.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2011] [Revised: 03/22/2011] [Accepted: 04/12/2011] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
The search for protein biomarkers has been a highly pursued topic in the proteomics community in the last decade. This relentless search is due to the constant need for validated biomarkers that could facilitate disease risk stratification, disease diagnosis, prognosis, monitoring as well as drug development, which ultimately would improve our quality of life. The recent development of proteomic technologies including the advancement of mass spectrometers with high sensitivity and speed has greatly advanced the discovery of potential biomarkers. One of the bottlenecks lies in the development of well-established verification assays to screen the biomarker candidates identified in the discovery stage. Recently, absolute quantitation using multiple-reaction monitoring mass spectrometry (MRM-MS) in combination with isotope-labeled internal standards has been extensively investigated as a tool for high-throughput protein biomarker verification. In this review, we describe and discuss recent developments and applications of MRM-MS methods for biomarker verification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaojing Meng
- Laboratory of Proteomics and Analytical Technologies, Advanced Technology Program, SAIC-Frederick, Inc., National Cancer Institute at Frederick, Frederick, MD 21702, United States
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50
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Halquist MS, Thomas Karnes H. Quantitative liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry analysis of macromolecules using signature peptides in biological fluids. Biomed Chromatogr 2010; 25:47-58. [PMID: 21154882 DOI: 10.1002/bmc.1545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2010] [Revised: 09/10/2010] [Accepted: 09/14/2010] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Targeted protein quantification using peptide surrogates has increasingly become important to the validation of biomarker candidates and development of protein therapeutics. These approaches have been proposed and employed as alternatives to immunoassays in biological fluids. Technological advances over the last 20 years in biochemistry and mass spectrometry have prompted the use of peptides as surrogates to quantify enzyme digested proteins using triple quadrupole mass spectrometers. Multiple sample preparation processes are often incorporated to achieve quantification of target proteins using these signature peptides. This review article focuses on these processes or hyphenated techniques for quantification of proteins with peptide surrogates. The most recent advances and strategies involved with hyphenated techniques are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew S Halquist
- Virginia Commonwealth University, Department of Pharmaceutics, PO Box 980533, Richmond, Virginia 980533, USA
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