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Seo H, Hirota K, Ohta K. Molecular mechanisms of avian immunoglobulin gene diversification and prospect for industrial applications. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1453833. [PMID: 39346918 PMCID: PMC11427246 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1453833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2024] [Accepted: 08/26/2024] [Indexed: 10/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Poultry immunoglobulin genes undergo diversification through homologous recombination (HR) and somatic hypermutation (SHM). Most animals share a similar system in immunoglobulin diversification, with the rare exception that human and murine immunoglobulin genes diversify through V(D)J recombination. Poultry possesses only one functional variable gene for each immunoglobulin heavy (HC) and light chains (LC), with clusters of non-productive pseudogenes upstream. During the B cell development, the functional variable gene is overwritten by sequences from the pseudo-variable genes via a process known as gene conversion (GC), a kind of HR. Point mutations caused in the functional variable gene also contribute to immunoglobulin diversification. This review discusses the latest findings on the molecular mechanisms of antibody gene diversification in poultry, using chickens as a model. Additionally, it will outline how these basic research findings have recently been applied especially in the medical field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hidetaka Seo
- Department of Life Sciences, Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kouji Hirota
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Tokyo Metropolitan University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kunihiro Ohta
- Department of Life Sciences, Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
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Du K, Gao L, Li T, Rao W. Methods and applications of noncompetitive hapten immunoassays. ANALYTICAL METHODS : ADVANCING METHODS AND APPLICATIONS 2024. [PMID: 39045721 DOI: 10.1039/d4ay00922c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/25/2024]
Abstract
Hapten immunoassays have found extensive application across various domains such as disease diagnostics, environmental monitoring, as well as the evaluation of food and pharmaceutical safety. These techniques traditionally rely on competitive assay formats and often face challenges with sensitivity and specificity. This review focuses on the emergent noncompetitive immunoassay technologies that promise to transcend these limitations through innovative approaches. Noncompetitive immunoassays, leveraging novel elements such as anti-idiotype antibodies, anti-immunocomplex (IC) antibodies, and the strategic use of nanomaterial-enhanced signal detection, are setting new benchmarks for analytical performance. These advancements not only enhance the detection capabilities but also significantly improve specificity inherent in traditional methods. Moreover, the integration of novel materials and binding reagents in these assays offers substantial improvements in assay dynamics, providing faster, more accurate, and reliable results. This review consolidates the latest methodologies and their applications, underlining the transformative impact of noncompetitive technologies in the sensitive detection of haptens across various fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Du
- Shenzhen New Industries Biomedical Engineering Co., Ltd., Shenzhen 518118, China.
| | - Li Gao
- Shenzhen New Industries Biomedical Engineering Co., Ltd., Shenzhen 518118, China.
| | - Tinghua Li
- Shenzhen New Industries Biomedical Engineering Co., Ltd., Shenzhen 518118, China.
| | - Wei Rao
- Shenzhen New Industries Biomedical Engineering Co., Ltd., Shenzhen 518118, China.
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Taddeo A, Prim D, Bojescu ED, Segura JM, Pfeifer ME. Point-of-Care Therapeutic Drug Monitoring for Precision Dosing of Immunosuppressive Drugs. J Appl Lab Med 2021; 5:738-761. [PMID: 32533157 DOI: 10.1093/jalm/jfaa067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2019] [Accepted: 04/03/2020] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Immunosuppressive drugs (ISD) are an essential tool in the treatment of transplant rejection and immune-mediated diseases. Therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) for determination of ISD concentrations in biological samples is an important instrument for dose personalization for improving efficacy while reducing side effects. While currently ISD concentration measurements are performed at specialized, centralized facilities, making the process complex and laborious for the patient, various innovative technical solutions have recently been proposed for bringing TDM to the point-of-care (POC). CONTENT In this review, we evaluate current ISD-TDM and its value, limitations, and proposed implementations. Then, we discuss the potential of POC-TDM in the era of personalized medicine, and provide an updated review on the unmet needs and available technological solutions for the development of POC-TDM devices for ISD monitoring. Finally, we provide concrete suggestions for the generation of a meaningful and more patient-centric process for ISD monitoring. SUMMARY POC-based ISD monitoring may improve clinical care by reducing turnaround time, by enabling more frequent measurements in order to obtain meaningful pharmacokinetic data (i.e., area under the curve) faster reaction in case of problems and by increasing patient convenience and compliance. The analysis of the ISD-TDM field prompts the evolution of POC testing toward the development of fully integrated platforms able to support clinical decision-making. We identify 4 major areas requiring careful combined implementation: patient usability, data meaningfulness, clinicians' acceptance, and cost-effectiveness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adriano Taddeo
- Institute of Life Technologies - School of Engineering, HES-SO//University of Applied Sciences, Western Switzerland, Sion, Switzerland
| | - Denis Prim
- Institute of Life Technologies - School of Engineering, HES-SO//University of Applied Sciences, Western Switzerland, Sion, Switzerland
| | - Elena-Diana Bojescu
- Institute of Life Technologies - School of Engineering, HES-SO//University of Applied Sciences, Western Switzerland, Sion, Switzerland
| | - Jean-Manuel Segura
- Institute of Life Technologies - School of Engineering, HES-SO//University of Applied Sciences, Western Switzerland, Sion, Switzerland
| | - Marc E Pfeifer
- Institute of Life Technologies - School of Engineering, HES-SO//University of Applied Sciences, Western Switzerland, Sion, Switzerland
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Makris K, Sempos C, Cavalier E. The measurement of vitamin D metabolites: part I-metabolism of vitamin D and the measurement of 25-hydroxyvitamin D. Hormones (Athens) 2020; 19:81-96. [PMID: 31919677 DOI: 10.1007/s42000-019-00169-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2019] [Accepted: 12/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
It has been more than 80 years since the discovery of vitamin D and its ability to cure rickets in children. Vitamin D is a secosteroid and comes in two distinct forms, vitamin D2 and vitamin D3. During the last 40 years, the synthesis and metabolism of vitamin D were elucidated and more than 50 metabolites of vitamin D have been discovered, though commercial measurement procedures have been developed for only a few of them. The clinical significance of vitamin D in calcium and phosphorus homeostasis is well appreciated. However, recent epidemiological data have indicated that it has several extra-skeletal physiologic actions which are still a matter of scientific debate. Both research findings and the debate around the interpretation of the research results have created increased interest in more measurements of vitamin D. With the ever growing family of measurable vitamin D metabolites and the measuring techniques comes a question: What metabolic product will provide the right answers and which is the best way to measure it. The right choice of analytical technique is connected with the question of which metabolite we aim to measure, what is its serum concentration, and the purpose of the measurement. The aim of the first part of this review is to provide a brief overview of vitamin D metabolism and a more detailed analysis of the existing methods and the status of standardization for the measurement of 25-hydroxyvitamin D.
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Affiliation(s)
- Konstantinos Makris
- Clinical Biochemistry Department, KAT General Hospital, Kifissia, Athens, Greece.
| | - Christopher Sempos
- Vitamin D Standardization Program (VDSP), Havre de Grace, MD, 21078, USA
| | - Etienne Cavalier
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, University of Liege, CHU de Liege, Liege, Belgium
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Streamlined human antibody generation and optimization by exploiting designed immunoglobulin loci in a B cell line. Cell Mol Immunol 2020; 18:1545-1561. [PMID: 32457406 PMCID: PMC8166883 DOI: 10.1038/s41423-020-0440-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2020] [Revised: 04/06/2020] [Accepted: 04/07/2020] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) are widely utilized as therapeutic drugs for various diseases, such as cancer, autoimmune diseases, and infectious diseases. Using the avian-derived B cell line DT40, we previously developed an antibody display technology, namely, the ADLib system, which rapidly generates antigen-specific mAbs. Here, we report the development of a human version of the ADLib system and showcase the streamlined generation and optimization of functional human mAbs. Tailored libraries were first constructed by replacing endogenous immunoglobulin genes with designed human counterparts. From these libraries, clones producing full-length human IgGs against distinct antigens can be isolated, as exemplified by the selection of antagonistic mAbs. Taking advantage of avian biology, effective affinity maturation was achieved in a straightforward manner by seamless diversification of the parental clones into secondary libraries followed by single-cell sorting, quickly affording mAbs with improved affinities and functionalities. Collectively, we demonstrate that the human ADLib system could serve as an integrative platform with unique diversity for rapid de novo generation and optimization of therapeutic or diagnostic antibody leads. Furthermore, our results suggest that libraries can be constructed by introducing exogenous genes into DT40 cells, indicating that the ADLib system has the potential to be applied for the rapid and effective directed evolution and optimization of proteins in various fields beyond biomedicine.
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Vitamin D testing: advantages and limits of the current assays. Eur J Clin Nutr 2020; 74:231-247. [DOI: 10.1038/s41430-019-0553-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2019] [Revised: 12/17/2019] [Accepted: 12/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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Garnett E, Bruno-Gaston J, Cao J, Zarutskie P, Devaraj S. The importance of estradiol measurement in patients undergoing in vitro fertilization. Clin Chim Acta 2019; 501:60-65. [PMID: 31705856 DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2019.09.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2019] [Revised: 09/18/2019] [Accepted: 09/18/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Successful outcomes of in vitro fertilization (IVF) are dependent in part on successful oocyte maturation and retrieval during a controlled ovarian stimulation process, which is guided by serial ultrasound and estradiol measurements. Yet, laboratory analysis of estradiol poses challenges due to the need for accuracy and specificity across concentrations that span multiple orders of magnitude. The Endocrine Society released a 2013 position statement that called for improvements in methods to analyze estradiol, and while some progress has been made in standardization and assay specificity, further work is needed to meet the needs of patients in both the IVF setting and in other clinical contexts. This review highlights the capabilities and challenges of current laboratory methods for the analysis of estradiol in the IVF setting, including automated immunoassays and liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry, and discusses current efforts to improve the analytical sensitivity and standardization of estradiol assays. Clinical laboratorians should be aware of the limitations of current estradiol assays and select appropriate methods for the measurement of estradiol in their patient population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily Garnett
- Department of Pathology & Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Janet Bruno-Gaston
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Jing Cao
- Department of Pathology & Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Paul Zarutskie
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Sridevi Devaraj
- Department of Pathology & Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States.
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Wang J, Huang Z, Xue M, Huang H, Zheng X, Zhong N, Sun B. Evaluation of the clinical performance of the HISCL-5000 analyzer in the detection of Krebs von den Lungen-6 antigen and its diagnostic value in interstitial lung disease. J Clin Lab Anal 2019; 34:e23070. [PMID: 31691368 PMCID: PMC7031560 DOI: 10.1002/jcla.23070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2019] [Revised: 09/17/2019] [Accepted: 09/26/2019] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The sputum saccharide chain antigen (Krebs von den Lungen‐6 [KL‐6]) is a serum biomarker of lung injury. We aimed to evaluate the clinical performance of the automated immunoassay analyzer HISCL‐5000 in detecting KL‐6 by comparing it with LUMIPULSE G1200 and determine the diagnostic value of KL‐6 in interstitial lung disease (ILD). Methods A total of 145 serum samples from patients were tested using the two automated immunoassay analyzers in parallel. Results With a cutoff level of 500 U/mL, comparing the two systems, the agreement, sensitivity, specificity, and kappa value were 99.20%, 100%, 98.63%, and 0.984 (95% CI, 0.952‐1.000), respectively. Spearman's correlation and ICC showed that there was a strong correlation between serum KL‐6 levels measured by the two systems (rS = .991 [95% CI, 0.981‐0.995], ICC = 0.984 [95% CI, 0.978‐0.989], P < .01). The clinical diagnosis agreement rate in both systems was >80%. The kappa value was 0.707 (95% CI, 0.582‐0.832; SYSTEM B) and 0.707 (95% CI, 0.588‐0.826; SYSTEM A). The KL‐6 level in the ILD group (1339.5, 662.5‐2363) was significantly higher than that in the non‐ILD groups (252, 158.5‐353; Mann‐Whitney U = 381.5, P < .01), and the KL‐6 level (1558, 726‐2772.5) in the ILD group detected by SYSTEM A was significantly higher than that in the lung cancer group (339, 207‐424), other respiratory disease group (249, 194‐366), and control group (198, 131.5‐297; Kruskal‐Wallis H = 63.19, P < .01). Conclusions HISCL‐5000 showed well‐concordant results with those of HISCL‐5000 in the KL‐6 tests. In patients with ILD, KL‐6 showed a good diagnostic performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingxian Wang
- Department of Pathophysiology, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China.,Department of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory health, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center of Respiratory Disease, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,Experiment Center of Stem Cell and Tissue Engineering Research, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
| | - Zhifeng Huang
- Department of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory health, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center of Respiratory Disease, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Mingshan Xue
- Department of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory health, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center of Respiratory Disease, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Huimin Huang
- Department of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory health, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center of Respiratory Disease, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaomao Zheng
- Department of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory health, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center of Respiratory Disease, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Nanshan Zhong
- Department of Pathophysiology, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China.,Department of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory health, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center of Respiratory Disease, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Baoqing Sun
- Department of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory health, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center of Respiratory Disease, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
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Kutluk H, Bruch R, Urban GA, Dincer C. Impact of assay format on miRNA sensing: Electrochemical microfluidic biosensor for miRNA-197 detection. Biosens Bioelectron 2019; 148:111824. [PMID: 31698303 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2019.111824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2019] [Revised: 10/19/2019] [Accepted: 10/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are important biomarkers for the early detection of various diseases, especially cancer. Therefore, there is a continuing interest in different biosensing strategies that allow for the point-of-care measurement of miRNAs. Almost all miRNA sensors utilize cross-hybridization of the target miRNA with a capture probe for the recognition, which can be designed in either a sandwich or a competitive format. In this work, we present a low-cost microfluidic biosensor platform for the electrochemical measurement of miRNA-197 (a tumor biomarker candidate) in undiluted human serum samples, operating with very low sample volumes (580 nl) and a sample-to-result time of one hour. For this purpose, different on-chip miRNA bioassays based on sandwich and competitive formats are developed and compared in terms of their sensitivity, dynamic range, selectivity, precision, and simplicity. The obtained results show that, despite having a narrower dynamic range when compared to the competitive format, the sandwich assay has superior performance regarding its sensitivity and selectivity. The lowest limit of detection which can be achieved with the sandwich assay is 1.28 nM (0.74 fmole), while 4.05 nM (2.35 fmole) with the competitive format. Moreover, the sandwich assay proves to have a better distinction against single-base mismatch oligonucleotide sequences compared to the competitive one. Due to its versatility and easy handling, overcoming the issue with the sensitivity, the implemented electrochemical microfluidic biosensor could pave the way for rapid and low-cost on-site miRNA diagnostics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hazal Kutluk
- University of Freiburg, Department of Microsystems Engineering, Germany
| | - Richard Bruch
- University of Freiburg, Department of Microsystems Engineering, Germany; University of Freiburg Freiburg Center for Interactive Materials and Bioinspired Technologies, Germany
| | - Gerald A Urban
- University of Freiburg, Department of Microsystems Engineering, Germany; Freiburg Materials Research Center, Germany
| | - Can Dincer
- University of Freiburg, Department of Microsystems Engineering, Germany; University of Freiburg Freiburg Center for Interactive Materials and Bioinspired Technologies, Germany.
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Recent advances in immunodiagnostics based on biosensor technologies-from central laboratory to the point of care. Anal Bioanal Chem 2019; 411:7607-7621. [PMID: 31152226 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-019-01915-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2019] [Revised: 05/07/2019] [Accepted: 05/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Immunological methods are widely applied in medical diagnostics for the detection and quantification of a plethora of analytes. Associated analytical challenges usually require these assays to be performed in a central laboratory. During the last several years, however, the clinical demand for rapid immunodiagnostics to be performed in the immediate proximity of the patient has been constantly increasing. Biosensors constitute one of the key technologies enabling the necessary, yet challenging transition of immunodiagnostic tests from the central laboratory to the point of care. This review is intended to provide insights into the current state of this transition process with a focus on the role of biosensor-based systems. To begin with, an overview on standard immunodiagnostic tests presently employed in the central laboratory and at the point of care is given. The review then moves on to demonstrate how biosensor technologies are reshaping this landscape. Single analyte as well as multiplexed immunosensors applicable to point of care scenarios are presented. A section on the areas of clinical application then creates the bridge to day-to-day diagnostic practice. Finally, the depicted developments are critically weighed and future perspectives discussed in order to give the reader a firm idea on the forthcoming trends to be expected in this diagnostic field.
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Shu M, Xu Y, Dong JX, Zhong C, Hammock BD, Wang WJ, Wu GP. Development of a noncompetitive idiometric nanobodies phage immumoassay for the determination of fumonisin B1. FOOD AGR IMMUNOL 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/09540105.2019.1604637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Mei Shu
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yang Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jie-xian Dong
- Departments of Neurobiology, Physiology and Behavior, and of Physiology and Membrane Biology, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Chan Zhong
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, People’s Republic of China
| | - Bruce D. Hammock
- Department of Entomology and UCD Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Wen-jun Wang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, People’s Republic of China
| | - Guo-ping Wu
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, People’s Republic of China
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Shu M, Xu Y, Dong JX, Zhong C, Hammock BD, Wang WJ, Wu GP. Development of a noncompetitive idiometric nanobodies phage immumoassay for the determination of fumonisin B1. FOOD AGR IMMUNOL 2019. [DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/09540105.2019.1604637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Mei Shu
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yang Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jie-xian Dong
- Departments of Neurobiology, Physiology and Behavior, and of Physiology and Membrane Biology, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Chan Zhong
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, People’s Republic of China
| | - Bruce D. Hammock
- Department of Entomology and UCD Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Wen-jun Wang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, People’s Republic of China
| | - Guo-ping Wu
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, People’s Republic of China
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Yang Y, Zeng Y. Microfluidic communicating vessel chip for expedited and automated immunomagnetic assays. LAB ON A CHIP 2018; 18:3830-3839. [PMID: 30394473 PMCID: PMC6279511 DOI: 10.1039/c8lc00927a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Rapid, sensitive analysis of protein biomarkers is of tremendous biological and clinical significance. Immunoassays are workhorse tools for protein analysis and have been under continuous investigation to develop new methods and to improve the analytical performance. Herein we report a pneumatically gated microfluidic communicating vessel (μCOVE) chip for rapid and sensitive immunomagnetic ELISA. A distinct feature of our device is that it employs the communicating vessel principle as a simple means to generate a fast transient hydrodynamic flow to enable effective flow washing without the need for excessive incubation, which greatly simplifies and expedites the assay workflow, compared to conventional microfluidic flow-based immunoassays. Stationary multi-phase microfluidic techniques have been developed for fast bead washing. However, they have some limitations, such as the need for careful control of interfacial properties, large bead quantity required for reliable interphase bead transport, and relatively high bead loss during surface tension-gated traverse. Our single-phase μCOVE chip can overcome such limitations and facilitate the manipulation of magnetic beads to streamline the assay workflow. We showed that the μCOVE device affords highly sensitive quantification of the CEA and EGFR proteins with a LOD down to the sub-picogram per mL level. Direct detection of the EGFR in the crude A431 cell lysate was also demonstrated to further validate the ability of our device for rapid and quantitative analysis of complex biological samples. Overall, our work presents a unique platform that combines the merits of the stationary multi-phase systems and the flow-based microfluidics. This novel immunoassay microsystem has promising potential for a broad range of biological and clinical applications, owing to its simplicity and high performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Yang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66045, USA.
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Li Y, Zhang G, Mao X, Yang S, De Ruyck K, Wu Y. High sensitivity immunoassays for small molecule compounds detection – Novel noncompetitive immunoassay designs. Trends Analyt Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2018.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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15
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Development of Sandwich Double-Competitive ELISA for Sulfonamides. Comparative Analytical Characteristics and Matrix Effect Resistance. FOOD ANAL METHOD 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s12161-017-1036-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Arola HO, Tullila A, Nathanail AV, Nevanen TK. A Simple and Specific Noncompetitive ELISA Method for HT-2 Toxin Detection. Toxins (Basel) 2017; 9:E145. [PMID: 28425967 PMCID: PMC5408219 DOI: 10.3390/toxins9040145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2017] [Revised: 04/13/2017] [Accepted: 04/14/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
We developed an HT-2 toxin-specific simple ELISA format with a positive read-out. The assay is based on an anti-immune complex (IC) scFv antibody fragment, which is genetically fused with alkaline phosphatase (AP). The anti-IC antibody specifically recognizes the IC between a primary anti-HT-2 toxin Fab fragment and an HT-2 toxin molecule. In the IC ELISA format, the sample is added together with the scFv-AP antibody to the ELISA plate coated with the primary antibody. After 15 min of incubation and a washing step, the ELISA response is read. A competitive ELISA including only the primary antibody recognizes both HT-2 and T-2 toxins. The anti-IC antibody makes the assay specific for HT-2 toxin, and the IC ELISA is over 10 times more sensitive compared to the competitive assay. Three different naturally contaminated matrices: wheat, barley and oats, were used to evaluate the assay performance with real samples. The corresponding limits of detection were 0.3 ng/mL (13 µg/kg), 0.1 ng/mL (4 µg/kg) and 0.3 ng/mL (16 µg/kg), respectively. The IC ELISA can be used for screening HT-2 toxin specifically and in relevant concentration ranges from all three tested grain matrices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henri O Arola
- VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland, Tietotie 2 FI-02150 Espoo, Finland.
| | - Antti Tullila
- VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland, Tietotie 2 FI-02150 Espoo, Finland.
| | - Alexis V Nathanail
- Finnish Food Safety Authority (Evira), Chemistry and Toxicology Unit, Research and Laboratory Department, Mustialankatu 3, FI-00790 Helsinki, Finland.
| | - Tarja K Nevanen
- VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland, Tietotie 2 FI-02150 Espoo, Finland.
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Cavalier E, Lukas P, Bekaert AC, Peeters S, Le Goff C, Yayo E, Delanaye P, Souberbielle JC. Analytical and clinical evaluation of the new Fujirebio Lumipulse®G non-competitive assay for 25(OH)-vitamin D and three immunoassays for 25(OH)D in healthy subjects, osteoporotic patients, third trimester pregnant women, healthy African subjects, hemodialyzed and intensive care patients. Clin Chem Lab Med 2017; 54:1347-55. [PMID: 26741345 DOI: 10.1515/cclm-2015-0923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2015] [Accepted: 11/23/2015] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In this study, we provide a short analytical evaluation of the new Fujirebio Lumipulse®G non-competitive immunoassay for 25(OH)D. Clinical performance was compared with three commercial competitive automated immunoassays against a Vitamin D Standardization Program (VDSP)-traceable liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) in six different clinically relevant populations. METHODS Lumipulse®G 25(OH)D precision, measurement uncertainty, recovery, limit of quantification were assessed, as well as 25(OH)D2 and C3-epimer recovery. For method comparison, 250 serum samples obtained in healthy Caucasians and Africans, osteoporotic, hemodialyzed and intensive care patients and 3rd trimester pregnant women were analyzed by all methods. Correlation was studied using Passing-Bablok and Bland-Altman analysis. Concordance correlation coefficient (CCC) was calculated to evaluate agreement between immunoassays and the LC-MS/MS. RESULTS The Lumipulse®G 25(OH)D assay presented interesting analytical features and showed excellent correlation to the LC-MS/MS results (y=1.00×-1.35 ng/mL), as obtained in healthy Caucasian individuals. In the other special populations, Lumipulse®G presented a concordance with LC-MS/MS which was generally higher than competitors, even if all methods significantly under-recovered 25(OH)D in hemodialyzed patients. Intra-assay CV ranged from 12.1% at 9.6 ng/mL to 2.1% at 103.7 ng/mL and inter-assay CV ranged from 16.2 to 3.7% at the same concentrations, respectively. Measurement uncertainty, with a probability of 95%, were respectively 33.1 and 7.6% at these concentrations. LOQ was found to be at 4.6 ng/mL. Mean (95% CI) 25(OH)D2 revovery was 77% (74-81) and no cross-reactivity was observed with C3-epimer. CONCLUSIONS Fujirebio Lumipulse®G 25-OH Vitamin D Total assay is therefore considered suitable for assessment of vitamin D status in clinical routine.
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Herrmann M, Farrell CJL, Pusceddu I, Fabregat-Cabello N, Cavalier E. Assessment of vitamin D status – a changing landscape. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017; 55:3-26. [DOI: 10.1515/cclm-2016-0264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 126] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2016] [Accepted: 05/30/2016] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
In recent years it has been shown that vitamin D deficiency is associated with an increased incidence as well as the progression of a broad range of diseases including osteoporosis, rickets, cardiovascular disease, autoimmune disease, multiple sclerosis and cancer. Consequently, requests for the assessment of vitamin D status have increased dramatically. Despite significant progress in the analysis of vitamin D metabolites and an expansion of our pathophysiological knowledge of vitamin D, the assessment of vitamin D status remains a challenging and partially unresolved issue. Current guidelines from scientific bodies recommend the measurement of 25-hydroxy vitamin D (25-OHD) in blood as the preferred test. However, growing evidence indicates significant limitations of this test, including analytical aspects and interpretation of results. In addition, the relationships between 25-OHD and various clinical indices, such as bone mineral density and fracture risk, are rather weak and not consistent across races. Recent studies have systematically investigated new markers of vitamin D status including the vitamin D metabolite ratio (VMR) (ratio between 25-OHD and 24,25-dihydroxy vitamin D), bioavailable 25-OHD [25-OHD not bound to vitamin D binding protein (DBP)], and free 25-OHD [circulating 25-OHD bound to neither DBP nor albumin (ALB)]. These parameters may potentially change how we will assess vitamin D status in the future. Although these new biomarkers have expanded our knowledge about vitamin D metabolism, a range of unresolved issues regarding their measurement and the interpretation of results prevent their use in daily practice. It can be expected that some of these issues will be overcome in the near future so that they may be considered for routine use (at least in specialized centers). In addition, genetic studies have revealed several polymorphisms in key proteins of vitamin D metabolism that affect the circulating concentrations of vitamin D metabolites. The affected proteins include DBP, 7-dehydrocholesterol synthase and the vitamin D receptor (VDR). Here we aim to review existing knowledge regarding the biochemistry, physiology and measurement of vitamin D. We will also provide an overview of current and emerging biomarkers for the assessment of vitamin D status, with particular attention methodological aspects and their usefulness in clinical practice.
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Hashimoto K, Kurosawa K, Murayama A, Seo H, Ohta K. B Cell-Based Seamless Engineering of Antibody Fc Domains. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0167232. [PMID: 27907066 PMCID: PMC5131995 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0167232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2016] [Accepted: 11/10/2016] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Engineering of monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) enables us to obtain mAbs with additional functions. In particular, modifications in antibody's Fc (fragment, crystallizable) region can provide multiple benefits such as added toxicity by drug conjugation, higher affinity to Fc receptors on immunocytes, or the addition of functional modules. However, the generation of recombinant antibodies requires multiple laborious bioengineering steps. We previously developed a technology that enables rapid in vitro screening and isolation of specific mAb-expressing cells from the libraries constructed with chicken B-cell line DT40 (referred to as the 'ADLib system'). To upgrade this ADLib system with the ability to generate customized mAbs, we developed a novel and rapid engineering technology that enables seamless exchanges of mAbs' Fc domains after initial selections of mAb-producing clones by the ADLib system, using a gene-replacement unit for recombinase-mediated cassette exchange (RMCE). In this system, Cre-recombinase recognition sites were inserted into the Fc region of the active DT40 IgM allele, allowing the replacement of the Fc domain by the sequences of interest upon co-transfection of a Cre recombinase and a donor DNA, enabling the rapid exchange of Fc regions. Combining this method with the ADLib system, we demonstrate rapid Fc engineering to generate fluorescent antibodies and to enhance affinity to Fc receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koji Hashimoto
- Department of Life Sciences, Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kohei Kurosawa
- Department of Life Sciences, Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Akiho Murayama
- Department of Life Sciences, Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hidetaka Seo
- Department of Life Sciences, Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
- * E-mail:
| | - Kunihiro Ohta
- Department of Life Sciences, Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
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Parra M, Foj L, Filella X. Automated measurement of 25-OH Vitamin D on the LUMIPULSE®G1200: analytical verification and method comparison. Br J Biomed Sci 2016; 73:104-109. [DOI: 10.1080/09674845.2016.1188478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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Lin Y, Zhou Q, Lin Y, Tang D, Niessner R, Knopp D. Enzymatic Hydrolysate-Induced Displacement Reaction with Multifunctional Silica Beads Doped with Horseradish Peroxidase–Thionine Conjugate for Ultrasensitive Electrochemical Immunoassay. Anal Chem 2015; 87:8531-40. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.5b02253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Youxiu Lin
- Key
Laboratory of Analysis and Detection for Food Safety (Ministry of
Education and Fujian Province), Institute of Nanomedicine and Nanobiosensing,
Department of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350108, People’s Republic of China
| | - Qian Zhou
- Key
Laboratory of Analysis and Detection for Food Safety (Ministry of
Education and Fujian Province), Institute of Nanomedicine and Nanobiosensing,
Department of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350108, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yuping Lin
- Key
Laboratory of Analysis and Detection for Food Safety (Ministry of
Education and Fujian Province), Institute of Nanomedicine and Nanobiosensing,
Department of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350108, People’s Republic of China
| | - Dianping Tang
- Key
Laboratory of Analysis and Detection for Food Safety (Ministry of
Education and Fujian Province), Institute of Nanomedicine and Nanobiosensing,
Department of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350108, People’s Republic of China
| | - Reinhard Niessner
- Chair
for Analytical Chemistry, Institute of Hydrochemistry, Technische Universität München, Marchioninistrasse 17, D-81377 München, Germany
| | - Dietmar Knopp
- Chair
for Analytical Chemistry, Institute of Hydrochemistry, Technische Universität München, Marchioninistrasse 17, D-81377 München, Germany
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