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Yang G, Gou D, Bu LK, Wei XY, Hu H, Huo WB, Sultan M, Pei DS. Developmental Toxicity of PEDOT:PSS in Zebrafish: Effects on Morphology, Cardiac Function, and Intestinal Health. TOXICS 2024; 12:150. [PMID: 38393245 PMCID: PMC10892323 DOI: 10.3390/toxics12020150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2023] [Revised: 02/11/2024] [Accepted: 02/12/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024]
Abstract
Poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(styrenesulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS) is a conductive polymer commonly used in various technological applications. However, its impact on aquatic ecosystems remains largely unexplored. In this study, we investigated the toxicity effects of PEDOT:PSS on zebrafish. We first determined the lethal concentration (LC50) of PEDOT:PSS in zebrafish and then exposed AB-type zebrafish embryos to different concentrations of PEDOT:PSS for 120 h. Our investigation elucidated the toxicity effects of zebrafish development, including morphological assessments, heart rate measurements, behavioral analysis, transcriptome profiling, and histopathological analysis. We discovered that PEDOT:PSS exhibited detrimental effects on the early developmental stages of zebrafish, exacerbating the oxidative stress level, suppressing zebrafish activity, impairing cardiac development, and causing intestinal cell damage. This study adds a new dimension to the developmental toxicity of PEDOT:PSS in zebrafish. Our findings contribute to our understanding of the ecological repercussions of PEDOT:PSS and highlight the importance of responsible development and application of novel materials in our rapidly evolving technological landscape.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guan Yang
- College of Architecture and Urban Planning, Chongqing Jiaotong University, Chongqing 400074, China
- Chongqing Institute of Green and Intelligent Technology, Chongqing School of University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing 400714, China (W.-B.H.)
- School of Public Health, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Dongzhi Gou
- School of Public Health, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Ling-Kang Bu
- Chongqing Institute of Green and Intelligent Technology, Chongqing School of University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing 400714, China (W.-B.H.)
- School of Public Health, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Xing-Yi Wei
- College of Architecture and Urban Planning, Chongqing Jiaotong University, Chongqing 400074, China
- Chongqing Institute of Green and Intelligent Technology, Chongqing School of University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing 400714, China (W.-B.H.)
- School of Public Health, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Huan Hu
- College of Architecture and Urban Planning, Chongqing Jiaotong University, Chongqing 400074, China
- Chongqing Institute of Green and Intelligent Technology, Chongqing School of University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing 400714, China (W.-B.H.)
- School of Public Health, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Wen-Bo Huo
- Chongqing Institute of Green and Intelligent Technology, Chongqing School of University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing 400714, China (W.-B.H.)
- School of Public Health, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Marriya Sultan
- Chongqing Institute of Green and Intelligent Technology, Chongqing School of University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing 400714, China (W.-B.H.)
- School of Public Health, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - De-Sheng Pei
- School of Public Health, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
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Docherty KF, McMurray JJV, Claggett BL, Miao ZM, Adams KF, Arias-Mendoza A, Cleland JGF, Diaz R, Echeverria Correa LE, Felker GM, Fonseca C, Li J, Metra M, Sliwa-Hahnle K, Solomon SD, Vandekerckhove HJ, Vinereanu D, Voors AA, Heitner SB, Kupfer S, Malik FI, Meng L, Teerlink JR. Efficacy of omecamtiv mecarbil in heart failure with reduced ejection fraction according to N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide level: insights from the GALACTIC-HF trial. Eur J Heart Fail 2023; 25:248-259. [PMID: 36597719 DOI: 10.1002/ejhf.2763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2022] [Revised: 11/01/2022] [Accepted: 12/24/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) is predictive of both outcomes and response to treatment in patients with heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF). The aim of this study was to examine the effect of the cardiac myosin activator omecamtiv mecarbil according to baseline NT-proBNP level in the Global Approach to Lowering Adverse Cardiac outcomes Through Improving Contractility in Heart Failure trial (GALACTIC-HF). METHODS AND RESULTS The primary outcome was the composite of a worsening heart failure event (urgent clinic visit, emergency department visit, or hospitalization) or cardiovascular death. We prespecified analysis of the effect of treatment according to baseline NT-proBNP (≤ median, > median), excluding individuals with atrial fibrillation/flutter (AF/AFL). Of the 8232 patients analysed, 8206 had an available baseline NT-proBNP measurement. Among the 5971 patients not in AF/AFL, the median (Q1-Q3) NT-proBNP level was 1675 (812-3579) pg/ml. Hazard ratios (HR) for the effect of omecamtiv mecarbil, compared with placebo, for the primary endpoint in patients without AF/AFL were: ≤ median 0.94 (95% confidence interval [CI] 0.80-1.09), > median 0.81 (0.73-0.90) (p-interaction = 0.095); for the overall population (including patients with AF/AFL) the HRs were ≤ median 1.01 (0.90-1.15) and > median 0.88 (0.80-0.96) (p-interaction = 0.035). There was an interaction between treatment and NT-proBNP, examined as a continuous variable, with greater effect of omecamtiv mecarbil on the primary outcome in patients with a higher baseline NT-proBNP (p-interaction = 0.086). CONCLUSIONS In GALACTIC-HF, the benefit of omecamtiv mecarbil appeared to be larger in patients with higher baseline NT-proBNP levels, especially in patients without AF/AFL. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier NCT02929329; EudraCT number, 2016-002299-28.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kieran F Docherty
- British Heart Foundation Cardiovascular Research Centre, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - John J V McMurray
- British Heart Foundation Cardiovascular Research Centre, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Brian L Claggett
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Zi Michael Miao
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | | | - John G F Cleland
- Robertson Centre for Biostatistics and Clinical Trials, Institute of Health and Wellbeing, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Rafael Diaz
- Estudios Clinicos Latino America, Rosario, Argentina
| | | | - G Michael Felker
- Division of Cardiology, Duke University School of Medicine and Duke Clinical Research Institute, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Candida Fonseca
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hospital São Francisco Xavier, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Jing Li
- National Clinical Research Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Fuwai Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Marco Metra
- Cardiology, ASST Spedali Civili; Department of Medical and Surgical Specialties, Radiological Sciences, and Public Health, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | | | - Scott D Solomon
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | - Dragos Vinereanu
- University of Medicine and Pharmacy Carol Davila, University and Emergency Hospital, Bucharest, Romania
| | | | | | | | - Fady I Malik
- Cytokinetics, Inc., South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Lisa Meng
- Cytokinetics, Inc., South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - John R Teerlink
- Section of Cardiology, San Francisco Veterans Affairs Medical Center and School of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
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Salviae miltiorrhizae Liguspyragine Hydrochloride and Glucose Injection Protects against Myocardial Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury and Heart Failure. COMPUTATIONAL AND MATHEMATICAL METHODS IN MEDICINE 2022; 2022:7809485. [PMID: 35813430 PMCID: PMC9259341 DOI: 10.1155/2022/7809485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2022] [Revised: 06/02/2022] [Accepted: 06/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
Purpose Myocardial ischemia-reperfusion (MIR) injury is a common stimulus for cardiac diseases like cardiac arrhythmias and heart failure and may cause high mortality rates. Salviae miltiorrhizae liguspyragine hydrochloride and glucose injection (SGI) has been widely used to treat myocardial and cerebral infarctions in China even though its pharmacological mechanisms are not completely clear. Methods The protective effect and mechanism of SGI on MIR injury and heart failure were investigated through the H9c2 cell model induced by hypoxia/reoxygenation (H/R) and rapamycin, zebrafish model induced by H/R and isoprenaline, and rat MIR model. Results SGI significantly reduced the infarct size and alleviated the impairment of cardiac functions in the MIR rat model and H/R zebrafish model and promoted cell viability of cardiomyocyte-like H9c2 cells under H/R condition. Consistently, SGI significantly downregulated the serum level of biomarkers for cardiac damage and attenuated the oxidative damage in the MIR and H/R models. We also found that SGI could downregulate the increased autophagy level in those MIR and H/R models since autophagy can contribute to the injurious effects of ischemia-reperfusion in the heart, suggesting that SGI may alleviate MIR injury via regulating the autophagy pathway. In addition, we demonstrated that SGI also played a protective role in the isoproterenol-induced zebrafish heart failure model, and SGI significantly downregulated the increased autophagy and SP1/GATA4 pathways. Conclusion SGI may exert anti-MIR and heart failure by inhibiting activated autophagy and the SP1/GATA4 pathway.
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Therapeutic peptides: current applications and future directions. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2022; 7:48. [PMID: 35165272 PMCID: PMC8844085 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-022-00904-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 437] [Impact Index Per Article: 218.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2021] [Revised: 01/13/2022] [Accepted: 01/17/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Peptide drug development has made great progress in the last decade thanks to new production, modification, and analytic technologies. Peptides have been produced and modified using both chemical and biological methods, together with novel design and delivery strategies, which have helped to overcome the inherent drawbacks of peptides and have allowed the continued advancement of this field. A wide variety of natural and modified peptides have been obtained and studied, covering multiple therapeutic areas. This review summarizes the efforts and achievements in peptide drug discovery, production, and modification, and their current applications. We also discuss the value and challenges associated with future developments in therapeutic peptides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vijay Ramakrishnan
- Cardiorenal Research Laboratory, Department of Cardiovascular Medicine (V.R., J.C.B.), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN.,Division of Hematology (V.R.), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
| | - John C Burnett
- Cardiorenal Research Laboratory, Department of Cardiovascular Medicine (V.R., J.C.B.), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN.,Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering (J.C.B.), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
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