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Previdi A, Jordan P, Egloff C, Coussement A, Ahmed-Eli S, Tudal L, Bienvenu T, Picone O, Dupont JM. Prenatal diagnosis of a 15q24.1 microdeletion in a fetus with cerebral and urogenital abnormalities. Clin Genet 2024. [PMID: 39012202 DOI: 10.1111/cge.14592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2024] [Revised: 06/21/2024] [Accepted: 07/05/2024] [Indexed: 07/17/2024]
Abstract
15q24.1 microdeletion syndrome is a recently described condition often resulting from non-allelic homologous recombination (NAHR). Typical clinical features include pre and post-natal growth retardation, facial dysmorphism, developmental delay and intellectual disability. Nonspecific urogenital, skeletal, and digit abnormalities may be present, although other congenital malformations are less frequent. Consequently, only one case was reported prenatally, complicating the genotype-phenotype correlation and the genetic counseling. We identified prenatally a second case, presenting with cerebral abnormalities including hydrocephaly, macrocephaly, cerebellum hypoplasia, vermis hypoplasia, rhombencephalosynapsis, right kidney agenesis with left kidney duplication and micropenis. Genome-wide aCGH assay allowed a diagnosis at 26 weeks of amenorrhea revealing a 1.6 Mb interstitial deletion on the long arm of chromosome 15 at 15q24.1-q24.2 (arr[GRCh37] 15q24.1q24.2(74,399,112_76,019,966)x1). A deep review of the literature was undertaken to further delineate the prenatal clinical features and the candidate genes involved in the phenotype. Cerebral malformations are typically nonspecific, but microcephaly appears to be the most frequent in postnatal cases. Our case is the first reported with a frank cerebellar involvement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anaïk Previdi
- APHP.Centre-Université Paris Cité, Site Hôpital Cochin, Service de Médecine Génomique des Maladies de Système et d'Organe, Paris, France
| | - Pénélope Jordan
- APHP.Centre-Université Paris Cité, Site Hôpital Cochin, Service de Médecine Génomique des Maladies de Système et d'Organe, Paris, France
| | - Charles Egloff
- AP-HP.Nord-Université Paris Cité, Site Hôpital Louis Mourier, Service de Gynécologie Obstétrique, Colombes, France
| | - Aurélie Coussement
- APHP.Centre-Université Paris Cité, Site Hôpital Cochin, Service de Médecine Génomique des Maladies de Système et d'Organe, Paris, France
| | - Samira Ahmed-Eli
- APHP.Centre-Université Paris Cité, Site Hôpital Cochin, Service de Médecine Génomique des Maladies de Système et d'Organe, Paris, France
| | - Laure Tudal
- AP-HP.Nord-Université Paris Cité, Site Hôpital Louis Mourier, Service de Gynécologie Obstétrique, Colombes, France
| | - Thierry Bienvenu
- APHP.Centre-Université Paris Cité, Site Hôpital Cochin, Service de Médecine Génomique des Maladies de Système et d'Organe, Paris, France
| | - Olivier Picone
- AP-HP.Nord-Université Paris Cité, Site Hôpital Louis Mourier, Service de Gynécologie Obstétrique, Colombes, France
| | - Jean-Michel Dupont
- APHP.Centre-Université Paris Cité, Site Hôpital Cochin, Service de Médecine Génomique des Maladies de Système et d'Organe, Paris, France
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Liu Y, Zhang Y, Zarrei M, Dong R, Yang X, Zhao D, Scherer SW, Gai Z. Refining critical regions in 15q24 microdeletion syndrome pertaining to autism. Am J Med Genet B Neuropsychiatr Genet 2020; 183:217-226. [PMID: 31953991 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.b.32778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2019] [Revised: 11/29/2019] [Accepted: 12/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Chromosome 15q24 microdeletion syndrome is characterized by developmental delay, facial dysmorphism, hearing loss, hypotonia, recurrent infection, and other congenital malformations including microcephaly, scoliosis, joint laxity, digital anomalies, as well as sometimes having autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. Here, we report a boy with a 2.58-Mb de novo deletion at chromosome 15q24. He is diagnosed with ASD and having multiple phenotypes similar to those reported in cases having 15q24 microdeletion syndrome. To delineate the critical genes and region that might be responsible for these phenotypes, we reviewed all previously published cases. We observe a potential minimum critical region of 650 kb (LCR15q24A-B) affecting NEO1 among other genes that might pertinent to individuals with ASD carrying this deletion. In contrast, a previously defined minimum critical region downstream of the 650-kb interval (LCR15q24B-D) is more likely associated with the developmental delay, facial dysmorphism, recurrent infection, and other congenital malformations. As a result, the ASD phenotype in this individual is potentially attributed by genes particularly NEO1 within the newly proposed critical region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Liu
- Pediatric Research Institute, Qilu Children's Hospital of Shandong University, Ji'nan, China
| | - Yanqing Zhang
- Pediatric Health Care Institute, Qilu Children's Hospital of Shandong University, Ji'nan, 250022, China
| | - Mehdi Zarrei
- The Centre for Applied Genomics, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Rui Dong
- Pediatric Research Institute, Qilu Children's Hospital of Shandong University, Ji'nan, China
| | - Xiaomeng Yang
- Pediatric Research Institute, Qilu Children's Hospital of Shandong University, Ji'nan, China
| | - Dongmei Zhao
- Pediatric Health Care Institute, Qilu Children's Hospital of Shandong University, Ji'nan, 250022, China
| | - Stephen W Scherer
- The Centre for Applied Genomics, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,McLaughlin Centre and Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Zhongtao Gai
- Pediatric Research Institute, Qilu Children's Hospital of Shandong University, Ji'nan, China
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Liu Y, Mapow B. Coexistence of urogenital malformations in a female fetus with de novo 15q24 microdeletion and a literature review. Mol Genet Genomic Med 2020; 8:e1265. [PMID: 32400031 PMCID: PMC7336734 DOI: 10.1002/mgg3.1265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2019] [Revised: 03/24/2020] [Accepted: 03/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background 15q24 microdeletion is a relatively new syndrome caused by nonallelic homologous recombination (NAHR) between low‐copy repeats (LCRs) in the 15q24 chromosome region. This syndrome is characterized by a spectrum of clinical symptoms including global developmental delay, intellectual disability, facial dysmorphisms, and congenital malformations of the extremities, eye, gastrointestinal tract, genitourinary system, and genitalia. Method Molecular cytogenetic analysis was performed using whole genome single‐nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) microarray analysis. Autopsy examination including gross and microscopic examination were performed. In addition, a thorough review of the literature on 15q24 microdeletion was completed and summarized in table format. Result Molecular cytogenetic analysis revealed a 3.88 MB interstitial deletion within 15q24.1 to 15q24.3 (74,353,735–78,228,485 bp) in our case. Autopsy examination showed congenital malformations within the genitourinary system and genitalia, including left kidney agenesis and uterus didelphys. After thorough literature review, we found a series of midline defects associated with 15q24 microdeletion syndrome. Conclusion We report the first case of coexistence of urogenital abnormalities, including left kidney agenesis and uterus didelphys, with 15q24 microdeletion syndrome, which is also associated with midline defects secondary to abnormal development. Since 15q24 microdeletion syndrome is a relatively new entity, fully characterizing its variation and severity requires additional examination of the genetics, molecular profile and structural and functional abnormalities in affected patients. Due to the limited data in the literature, statistical analysis of abnormalities in each organ system is not possible. However, we can predict that novel genetic pathways involving cell migration, adhesion, apoptosis, and embryo development might be discovered with the advanced study of 15q24 microdeletion syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaobin Liu
- Department of Pathology, Pennsylvania Hospital, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Beth Mapow
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Jefferson Health New jersey, Cherry Hill, New Jersey, USA
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Unmasking a novel disease gene NEO1 associated with autism spectrum disorders by a hemizygous deletion on chromosome 15 and a functional polymorphism. Behav Brain Res 2016; 300:135-42. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2015.10.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2015] [Revised: 10/14/2015] [Accepted: 10/21/2015] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Palazón-Bru A, Ramírez-Prado D, Cortés E, Aguilar-Segura MS, Gil-Guillén VF. An inferential study of the phenotype for the chromosome 15q24 microdeletion syndrome: a bootstrap analysis. PeerJ 2016; 4:e1641. [PMID: 26925314 PMCID: PMC4768676 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.1641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2015] [Accepted: 01/08/2016] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
In January 2012, a review of the cases of chromosome 15q24 microdeletion syndrome was published. However, this study did not include inferential statistics. The aims of the present study were to update the literature search and calculate confidence intervals for the prevalence of each phenotype using bootstrap methodology. Published case reports of patients with the syndrome that included detailed information about breakpoints and phenotype were sought and 36 were included. Deletions in megabase (Mb) pairs were determined to calculate the size of the interstitial deletion of the phenotypes studied in 2012. To determine confidence intervals for the prevalence of the phenotype and the interstitial loss, we used bootstrap methodology. Using the bootstrap percentiles method, we found wide variability in the prevalence of the different phenotypes (3–100%). The mean interstitial deletion size was 2.72 Mb (95% CI [2.35–3.10 Mb]). In comparison with our work, which expanded the literature search by 45 months, there were differences in the prevalence of 17% of the phenotypes, indicating that more studies are needed to analyze this rare disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Palazón-Bru
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Miguel Hernández University, San Juan de Alicante, Alicante, Spain; Research Unit, Elda Hospital, Elda, Alicante, Spain
| | - Dolores Ramírez-Prado
- Clinical Analysis Department, Elda Hospital, Elda, Alicante, Spain; Pharmacology, Pediatrics and Organic Chemistry Department, Miguel Hernández University, San Juan de Alicante, Alicante, Spain
| | - Ernesto Cortés
- Pharmacology, Pediatrics and Organic Chemistry Department, Miguel Hernández University , San Juan de Alicante, Alicante , Spain
| | - María Soledad Aguilar-Segura
- Pharmacology, Pediatrics and Organic Chemistry Department, Miguel Hernández University , San Juan de Alicante, Alicante , Spain
| | - Vicente Francisco Gil-Guillén
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Miguel Hernández University, San Juan de Alicante, Alicante, Spain; Research Unit, Elda Hospital, Elda, Alicante, Spain
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Inherited 15q24 microdeletion syndrome in twins and their father with phenotypic variability. Eur J Med Genet 2015; 58:111-5. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmg.2014.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2014] [Accepted: 12/01/2014] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Flore LA, Milunsky JM. Updates in the genetic evaluation of the child with global developmental delay or intellectual disability. Semin Pediatr Neurol 2012; 19:173-80. [PMID: 23245550 DOI: 10.1016/j.spen.2012.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Global developmental delay (GDD) and intellectual disability (ID) occur in up to 3% of the general population and are even more commonly encountered in the setting of the pediatric neurology clinic. New advances in technology and in the understanding of genetic disorders have led to changes in the diagnostic approach to a child with unexplained GDD or ID. Chromosomal microarray has become a first-line test for evaluation of patients in this population and has both significantly increased diagnostic yield and introduced new challenges in the interpretation of copy number variants of uncertain significance. The G-banded karyotype is now frequently utilized as an adjunct to the microarray rather than as a first-line test in individuals with GDD or ID. Fragile X DNA testing continues to be recommended in the initial evaluation of the child with GDD or ID. The presence or absence of certain cardinal features (such as microcephaly or macrocephaly, seizures, autism, abnormal neurologic examination, and facial dysmorphism) can be utilized to direct single-gene molecular testing. The availability of next-generation and massively parallel sequencing technologies has enabled the use of genetic testing panels, in which dozens of genes associated with GDD or ID may be rapidly analyzed. Most recently, the clinical availability of whole-genome and whole-exome sequencing has opened new possibilities for the evaluation of individuals with GDD or ID who have previously eluded a genetic diagnosis. Consultation with a medical geneticist is recommended when progressing beyond first-tier analyses to most efficiently prioritize testing.
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