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Roth-Walter F, Adcock IM, Benito-Villalvilla C, Bianchini R, Bjermer L, Caramori G, Cari L, Chung KF, Diamant Z, Eguiluz-Gracia I, Knol EF, Jesenak M, Levi-Schaffer F, Nocentini G, O'Mahony L, Palomares O, Redegeld F, Sokolowska M, Van Esch BCAM, Stellato C. Metabolic pathways in immune senescence and inflammaging: Novel therapeutic strategy for chronic inflammatory lung diseases. An EAACI position paper from the Task Force for Immunopharmacology. Allergy 2024; 79:1089-1122. [PMID: 38108546 DOI: 10.1111/all.15977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2023] [Revised: 11/24/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023]
Abstract
The accumulation of senescent cells drives inflammaging and increases morbidity of chronic inflammatory lung diseases. Immune responses are built upon dynamic changes in cell metabolism that supply energy and substrates for cell proliferation, differentiation, and activation. Metabolic changes imposed by environmental stress and inflammation on immune cells and tissue microenvironment are thus chiefly involved in the pathophysiology of allergic and other immune-driven diseases. Altered cell metabolism is also a hallmark of cell senescence, a condition characterized by loss of proliferative activity in cells that remain metabolically active. Accelerated senescence can be triggered by acute or chronic stress and inflammatory responses. In contrast, replicative senescence occurs as part of the physiological aging process and has protective roles in cancer surveillance and wound healing. Importantly, cell senescence can also change or hamper response to diverse therapeutic treatments. Understanding the metabolic pathways of senescence in immune and structural cells is therefore critical to detect, prevent, or revert detrimental aspects of senescence-related immunopathology, by developing specific diagnostics and targeted therapies. In this paper, we review the main changes and metabolic alterations occurring in senescent immune cells (macrophages, B cells, T cells). Subsequently, we present the metabolic footprints described in translational studies in patients with chronic asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), and review the ongoing preclinical studies and clinical trials of therapeutic approaches aiming at targeting metabolic pathways to antagonize pathological senescence. Because this is a recently emerging field in allergy and clinical immunology, a better understanding of the metabolic profile of the complex landscape of cell senescence is needed. The progress achieved so far is already providing opportunities for new therapies, as well as for strategies aimed at disease prevention and supporting healthy aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Roth-Walter
- Comparative Medicine, The Interuniversity Messerli Research Institute of the University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Medical University Vienna and University Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Institute of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Center of Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - I M Adcock
- Molecular Cell Biology Group, National Heart & Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - C Benito-Villalvilla
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Chemistry, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - R Bianchini
- Comparative Medicine, The Interuniversity Messerli Research Institute of the University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Medical University Vienna and University Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - L Bjermer
- Department of Respiratory Medicine and Allergology, Lung and Allergy research, Allergy, Asthma and COPD Competence Center, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - G Caramori
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, Pneumologia, Italy
| | - L Cari
- Department of Medicine, Section of Pharmacology, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - K F Chung
- Experimental Studies Medicine at National Heart & Lung Institute, Imperial College London & Royal Brompton & Harefield Hospital, London, UK
| | - Z Diamant
- Department of Respiratory Medicine and Allergology, Institute for Clinical Science, Skane University Hospital, Lund, Sweden
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and Thomayer Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy & Pharmacology, University Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen and QPS-NL, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - I Eguiluz-Gracia
- Allergy Unit, Hospital Regional Universitario de Málaga-Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA)-ARADyAL, Málaga, Spain
| | - E F Knol
- Departments of Center of Translational Immunology and Dermatology/Allergology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - M Jesenak
- Department of Paediatrics, Department of Pulmonology and Phthisiology, Comenius University in Bratislava, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine in Martin, University Teaching Hospital, Martin, Slovakia
| | - F Levi-Schaffer
- Institute for Drug Research, Pharmacology Unit, Faculty of Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - G Nocentini
- Department of Medicine, Section of Pharmacology, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - L O'Mahony
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
- Department of Medicine, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
- School of Microbiology, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - O Palomares
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Chemistry, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - F Redegeld
- Division of Pharmacology, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - M Sokolowska
- Swiss Institute of Allergy and Asthma Research (SIAF), University of Zürich, Davos, Switzerland
- Christine Kühne - Center for Allergy Research and Education (CK-CARE), Davos, Switzerland
| | - B C A M Van Esch
- Division of Pharmacology, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - C Stellato
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry "Scuola Medica Salernitana", University of Salerno, Salerno, Italy
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Wrench CL, Baker JR, Monkley S, Fenwick PS, Murray L, Donnelly LE, Barnes PJ. Small airway fibroblasts from patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease exhibit cellular senescence. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2024; 326:L266-L279. [PMID: 38150543 PMCID: PMC11281792 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00419.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2022] [Revised: 09/26/2023] [Accepted: 12/05/2023] [Indexed: 12/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Small airway disease (SAD) is a key early-stage pathology of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). COPD is associated with cellular senescence whereby cells undergo growth arrest and express the senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP) leading to chronic inflammation and tissue remodeling. Parenchymal-derived fibroblasts have been shown to display senescent properties in COPD, however small airway fibroblasts (SAFs) have not been investigated. Therefore, this study investigated the role of these cells in COPD and their potential contribution to SAD. To investigate the senescent and fibrotic phenotype of SAF in COPD, SAFs were isolated from nonsmoker, smoker, and COPD lung resection tissue (n = 9-17 donors). Senescence and fibrotic marker expressions were determined using iCELLigence (proliferation), qPCR, Seahorse assay, and ELISAs. COPD SAFs were further enriched for senescent cells using FACSAria Fusion based on cell size and autofluorescence (10% largest/autofluorescent vs. 10% smallest/nonautofluorescent). The phenotype of the senescence-enriched population was investigated using RNA sequencing and pathway analysis. Markers of senescence were observed in COPD SAFs, including senescence-associated β-galactosidase, SASP release, and reduced proliferation. Because the pathways driving this phenotype were unclear, we used cell sorting to enrich senescent COPD SAFs. This population displayed increased p21CIP1 and p16INK4a expression and mitochondrial dysfunction. RNA sequencing suggested these senescent cells express genes involved in oxidative stress response, fibrosis, and mitochondrial dysfunction pathways. These data suggest COPD SAFs are senescent and may be associated with fibrotic properties and mitochondrial dysfunction. Further understanding of cellular senescence in SAFs may lead to potential therapies to limit SAD progression.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Fibroblasts and senescence are thought to play key roles in the pathogenesis of small airway disease and COPD; however, the characteristics of small airway-derived fibroblasts are not well explored. In this study we isolate and enrich the senescent small airway-derived fibroblast (SAF) population from COPD lungs and explore the pathways driving this phenotype using bulk RNA-seq.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine L Wrench
- Airway Disease Section, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College, London, United Kingdom
- Bioscience COPD/IPF, Research and Early Development, Respiratory & Immunology (R&I), Biopharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Jonathan R Baker
- Airway Disease Section, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College, London, United Kingdom
| | - Sue Monkley
- Translation Science and Experimental Medicine, Research and Early Development, Respiratory & Immunology (R&I), Biopharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Peter S Fenwick
- Airway Disease Section, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College, London, United Kingdom
| | - Lynne Murray
- Bioscience COPD/IPF, Research and Early Development, Respiratory & Immunology (R&I), Biopharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Louise E Donnelly
- Airway Disease Section, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College, London, United Kingdom
| | - Peter J Barnes
- Airway Disease Section, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College, London, United Kingdom
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Barnes PJ. Senotherapy for lung diseases. ADVANCES IN PHARMACOLOGY (SAN DIEGO, CALIF.) 2023; 98:249-271. [PMID: 37524489 DOI: 10.1016/bs.apha.2023.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/02/2023]
Abstract
Increasing evidence suggests that there is acceleration of lung ageing in chronic lung diseases, such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF), with the accumulation of senescent cells in the lung. Senescent cells fail to repair tissue damage and release an array of inflammatory proteins, known as the senescence-associated secretory phenotype, which drive further senescence and disease progression. This suggests that targeting cellular senescence with senotherapies may treat the underlying disease process in COPD and IPF and thus reduce disease progression and mortality. Several existing or future drugs may inhibit the development of cellular senescence which is driven by chronic oxidative stress (senostatics), including inhibitors of PI3K-mTOR signalling pathways, antagomirs of critical microRNAs and novel antioxidants. Other drugs (senolytics) selectively remove senescent cells by promoting apoptosis. Clinical studies with senotherapies are already underway in chronic lung diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter J Barnes
- National Heart & Lung Institute, Imperial College London, United Kingdom.
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Lung microRNAs Expression in Lung Cancer and COPD: A Preliminary Study. Biomedicines 2023; 11:biomedicines11030736. [PMID: 36979715 PMCID: PMC10045129 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11030736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Revised: 02/21/2023] [Accepted: 02/24/2023] [Indexed: 03/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is one of the deadliest diseases worldwide and represents an impending burden on the healthcare system. Despite increasing attention, the mechanisms underlying tumorigenesis in cancer-related diseases such as COPD remain unclear, making novel biomarkers necessary to improve lung cancer early diagnosis. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are short non-coding RNA that interfere with several pathways and can act as oncogenes or tumor suppressors. This study aimed to compare miRNA lung expression between subjects with NSCLC and COPD and healthy controls to obtain the miRNA expression profile by analyzing shared pathways. Lung specimens were collected from a prospective cohort of 21 sex-matched subjects to determine the tissue miRNA expression of hsa-miR-34a-5p, 33a-5p, 149-3p, 197-3p, 199-5p, and 320a-3p by RT-PCR. In addition, an in silico prediction of miRNA target genes linked to cancer was performed. We found a specific trend for has-miR-149-3p, 197-3p, and 34a-5p in NSCLC, suggesting their possible role as an index of the tumor microenvironment. Moreover, we identified novel miRNA targets, such as the Cyclin-Dependent Kinase (CDK) family, linked to carcinogenesis by in silico analysis. In conclusion. this study identified lung miRNA signatures related to the tumorigenic microenvironment, suggesting their possible role in improving the evaluation of lung cancer onset.
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Novel Immunomodulatory Therapies for Respiratory Pathologies. COMPREHENSIVE PHARMACOLOGY 2022. [PMCID: PMC8238403 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-820472-6.00073-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Hall RJ, O'Loughlin J, Billington CK, Thakker D, Hall IP, Sayers I. Functional genomics of GPR126 in airway smooth muscle and bronchial epithelial cells. FASEB J 2021; 35:e21300. [PMID: 34165809 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202002073r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2020] [Revised: 12/01/2020] [Accepted: 12/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
GPR126 is an adhesion G protein-coupled receptor which lies on chromosome 6q24. Genetic variants in this region are reproducibly associated with lung function and COPD in genome wide association studies (GWAS). The aims of this study were to define the role of GPR126 in the human lung and in pulmonary disease and identify possible casual variants. Online tools (GTEx and LDlink) identified SNPs which may have effects on GPR126 function/ expression, including missense variant Ser123Gly and an intronic variant that shows eQTL effects on GPR126 expression. GPR126 signaling via cAMP-mediated pathways was identified in human structural airway cells when activated with the tethered agonist, stachel. RNA-seq was used to identify downstream genes/ pathways affected by stachel-mediated GPR126 activation in human airway smooth muscle cells. We identified ~350 differentially expressed genes at 4 and 24 hours post stimulation with ~20% overlap. We identified that genes regulated by GPR126 activation include IL33, CTGF, and SERPINE1, which already have known roles in lung biology. Pathways altered by GPR126 included those involved in cell cycle progression and cell proliferation. Here, we suggest a role for GPR126 in airway remodeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert J Hall
- Division of Respiratory Medicine, National Institute for Health Research, Nottingham Biomedical Research Centre, Biodiscovery Institute, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Jonathan O'Loughlin
- Division of Respiratory Medicine, National Institute for Health Research, Nottingham Biomedical Research Centre, Biodiscovery Institute, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Charlotte K Billington
- Division of Respiratory Medicine, National Institute for Health Research, Nottingham Biomedical Research Centre, Biodiscovery Institute, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Dhruma Thakker
- Division of Respiratory Medicine, National Institute for Health Research, Nottingham Biomedical Research Centre, Biodiscovery Institute, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Ian P Hall
- Division of Respiratory Medicine, National Institute for Health Research, Nottingham Biomedical Research Centre, Biodiscovery Institute, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Ian Sayers
- Division of Respiratory Medicine, National Institute for Health Research, Nottingham Biomedical Research Centre, Biodiscovery Institute, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
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Chukowry PS, Spittle DA, Turner AM. Small Airways Disease, Biomarkers and COPD: Where are We? Int J Chron Obstruct Pulmon Dis 2021; 16:351-365. [PMID: 33628018 PMCID: PMC7899307 DOI: 10.2147/copd.s280157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2020] [Accepted: 12/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The response to treatment and progression of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) varies significantly. Small airways disease (SAD) is being increasingly recognized as a key pathological feature of COPD. Studies have brought forward pathological evidence of small airway damage preceding the development of emphysema and the detection of obstruction using traditional spirometry. In recent years, there has been a renewed interest in the early detection of SAD and this has brought along an increased demand for physiological tests able to identify and quantify SAD. Early detection of SAD allows early targeted therapy and this suggests the potential for altering the course of disease. The aim of this article is to review the evidence available on the physiological testing of small airways. The first half will focus on the role of lung function tests such as maximum mid-expiratory flow, impulse oscillometry and lung clearance index in detecting and quantifying SAD. The role of Computed Tomography (CT) as a radiological biomarker will be discussed as well as the potential of recent CT analysis software to differentiate normal aging of the lungs to pathology. The evidence behind SAD biomarkers sourced from blood as well as biomarkers sourced from sputum and broncho-alveolar lavage (BAL) will be reviewed. This paper focuses on CC-16, sRAGE, PAI-1, MMP-9 and MMP-12.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priyamvada S Chukowry
- Respiratory Research Department, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, UK
| | - Daniella A Spittle
- Institute of Inflammation and Ageing, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
| | - Alice M Turner
- Institute for Applied Health Research, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
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Victoni T, Barreto E, Lagente V, Carvalho VF. Oxidative Imbalance as a Crucial Factor in Inflammatory Lung Diseases: Could Antioxidant Treatment Constitute a New Therapeutic Strategy? OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2021; 2021:6646923. [PMID: 33628371 PMCID: PMC7889360 DOI: 10.1155/2021/6646923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2020] [Revised: 01/27/2021] [Accepted: 02/04/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Inflammatory lung disease results in a high global burden of death and disability. There are no effective treatments for the most severe forms of many inflammatory lung diseases, such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, emphysema, corticosteroid-resistant asthma, and coronavirus disease 2019; hence, new treatment options are required. Here, we review the role of oxidative imbalance in the development of difficult-to-treat inflammatory lung diseases. The inflammation-induced overproduction of reactive oxygen species (ROS) means that endogenous antioxidants may not be sufficient to prevent oxidative damage, resulting in an oxidative imbalance in the lung. In turn, intracellular signaling events trigger the production of proinflammatory mediators that perpetuate and aggravate the inflammatory response and may lead to tissue damage. The production of high levels of ROS in inflammatory lung diseases can induce the phosphorylation of mitogen-activated protein kinases, the inactivation of phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) signaling and histone deacetylase 2, a decrease in glucocorticoid binding to its receptor, and thus resistance to glucocorticoid treatment. Hence, antioxidant treatment might be a therapeutic option for inflammatory lung diseases. Preclinical studies have shown that antioxidants (alone or combined with anti-inflammatory drugs) are effective in the treatment of inflammatory lung diseases, although the clinical evidence of efficacy is weaker. Despite the high level of evidence for the efficacy of antioxidants in the treatment of inflammatory lung diseases, the discovery and clinical investigation of safer, more efficacious compounds are now a priority.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatiana Victoni
- University of Lyon, VetAgro Sup, APCSe, Marcy l'Étoile, France
| | - Emiliano Barreto
- Laboratory of Cell Biology, Federal University of Alagoas, Maceió, AL 57072-900, Brazil
| | - Vincent Lagente
- NuMeCan Institute (Nutrition, Metabolism and Cancer), INSERM, INRAE, CHU Rennes, Univ Rennes, Rennes, France
| | - Vinicius F. Carvalho
- Laboratório de Inflamação, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, RJ 21045-900, Brazil
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Sever ZK, Bircan HA, Sirin FB, Evrimler S, Celik S, Merd N. Serum biomarkers in patients with stable and exacerbated COPD-bronchiectasis overlap syndrome. THE CLINICAL RESPIRATORY JOURNAL 2020; 14:1032-1039. [PMID: 32750728 DOI: 10.1111/crj.13238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2019] [Revised: 07/16/2020] [Accepted: 07/27/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Bronchiectasis (B), commonly seen in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), is associated with exacerbations and predicts mortality. OBJECTIVES To differentiate patient groups with COPD-(B+) or COPD-(B-) and their exacerbations by using inflammatory markers. METHODS Consecutive COPD patients were divided into two groups according to findings on high resolution thorax CT (HRCT) images using Smith and modified Reiff scores. Patients were prospectively followed for possible future exacerbations. Serum fibrinogen, C-reactive protein (CRP), soluble urokinase-type plasminogen activator receptor (suPAR) and Plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) levels were studied during exacerbation and stable periods. RESULTS Eighty-seven patients were included and (85 M, 2 F), mean aged was 68.1 ± 9 (46-87). HRCT confirmed bronchiectasis in 38 (43.7%) patients, most commonly in tubular form (89.4%) and in lower lobes. COPD-B(+) group had lower body mass index (P = 0.036), more advanced stage of disease (P = 0.004) and more frequent exacerbation (P = 0.01). The HRCT scores were correlated with exacerbation rate (r = 0.356, P < 0.05). Fibrinogen and CRP values were higher in exacerbation (P = 0.01, P = 0.013, respectively) especially in COPD-B(+) patients. suPAR and PAI-1 levels were also higher in COPD-B(+) patients although it was not statistically significant. CONCLUSION Bronchiectasis is common and causes frequent exacerbations in COPD. Identifying of COPD-B(+) phenotype by HRCT scoring systems has considerable importance for both therapeutic options and clinical outcome of the disease. In addition to fibrinogen and CRP, high serum levels of suPAR and PAI-1 suggest us their significant roles in increased systemic inflammation associated with coexisting of COPD and bronchiectasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zekiye Kula Sever
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Suleyman Demirel University, Isparta, Turkey
| | - Haci Ahmet Bircan
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Suleyman Demirel University, Isparta, Turkey
| | - Fevziye Burcu Sirin
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Suleyman Demirel University, Isparta, Turkey
| | - Sehnaz Evrimler
- Department of Radiology, Faculty of Medicine, Suleyman Demirel University, Isparta, Turkey
| | - Seda Celik
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Suleyman Demirel University, Isparta, Turkey
| | - Neslihan Merd
- Department of Radiology, Faculty of Medicine, Suleyman Demirel University, Isparta, Turkey
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Abstract
INTRODUCTION Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a heterogeneous syndrome and may comprise several different phenotypes that are driven by different molecular mechanisms (endotypes). Several different clinical, genetic, and inflammatory phenotypes of COPD have been recognized and this may lead to more precise effective therapies. AREAS COVERED The different clinical phenotypes, including smoking versus nonsmoking COPD, small airway disease versus emphysema, non-exacerbators versus frequent exacerbators are discussed. Rare genetic endotypes (alpha1-antitrypsin deficiency, telomerase polymorphisms), and inflammatory phenotypes (eosinophilic versus neutrophilic) are also recognized in stable and exacerbating patients and have implications for the choice of therapy. EXPERT OPINION Clinical phenotypes have so far not proved to be very useful in selecting more personalized therapy for COPD. Even with genetic endotypes, this has not led to improved therapy. More promising is the recognition that COPD patients who have increased sputum or blood eosinophils tend to have more frequent exacerbations and inhaled corticosteroids are more effective in preventing exacerbation. Increased blood eosinophils have proved to be a useful biomarker now used to target ICS more effectively. Furthermore, COPD patients with low eosinophils are more likely to get pneumonia with ICS and to have lower airway bacterial colonization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter J Barnes
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London , London, UK
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Barnes PJ, Baker J, Donnelly LE. Cellular Senescence as a Mechanism and Target in Chronic Lung Diseases. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2020; 200:556-564. [PMID: 30860857 DOI: 10.1164/rccm.201810-1975tr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 273] [Impact Index Per Article: 68.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Cellular senescence is now considered an important driving mechanism for chronic lung diseases, particularly chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. Cellular senescence is due to replicative and stress-related senescence with activation of p53 and p16INK4a, respectively, leading to activation of p21CIP1 and cell cycle arrest. Senescent cells secrete multiple inflammatory proteins known as the senescence-associated secretory phenotype, leading to low-grade chronic inflammation, which further drives senescence. Loss of key antiaging molecules sirtuin-1 and sirtuin-6 may be important in acceleration of aging and arises from oxidative stress reducing phosphatase PTEN (phosphatase tensin homolog), thereby activating PI3K (phosphoinositide-3-kinase) and mTOR (mammalian target of rapamycin). MicroRNA-34a (miR-34a), which is regulated by PI3K-mTOR signaling, plays a pivotal role in reducing sirtuin-1/6, and its inhibition with an antagomir results in their restoration, reducing markers of senescence, reducing senescence-associated secretory phenotype, and reversing cell cycle arrest in epithelial cells from peripheral airways of patients with COPD. miR-570 is also involved in reduction of sirtuin-1 and cellular senescence and is activated by p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase. These miRNAs may be released from cells in extracellular vesicles that are taken up by other cells, thereby spreading senescence locally within the lung but also outside the lung through the circulation; this may account for comorbidities of COPD and other lung diseases. Understanding the mechanisms of cellular senescence may result in new treatments for chronic lung disease, either by inhibiting PI3K-mTOR signaling, by inhibiting specific miRNAs, or by deletion of senescent cells with senolytic therapies, already shown to be effective in experimental lung fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter J Barnes
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Jonathan Baker
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Louise E Donnelly
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
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Xia S, Zhou C, Kalionis B, Shuang X, Ge H, Gao W. Combined Antioxidant, Anti-inflammaging and Mesenchymal Stem Cell Treatment: A Possible Therapeutic Direction in Elderly Patients with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease. Aging Dis 2020; 11:129-140. [PMID: 32010487 PMCID: PMC6961773 DOI: 10.14336/ad.2019.0508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2019] [Accepted: 05/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) is a worldwide health problem associated with high morbidity and mortality, especially in elderly patients. Aging functions include mitochondrial dysfunction, cell-to-cell information exchange, protein homeostasis and extracellular matrix dysregulation, which are closely related to chronic inflammatory response and oxidation-antioxidant imbalance in the pathogenesis of COPD. COPD displays distinct inflammaging features, including increased cellular senescence and oxidative stress, stem cell exhaustion, alterations in the extracellular matrix, reduced levels of endogenous anti-inflammaging molecules, and reduced autophagy. Given that COPD and inflammaging share similar general features, it is very important to identify the specific mechanisms of inflammaging, which involve oxidative stress, inflammation and lung mesenchymal stem cell function in the development of COPD, especially in elderly COPD patients. In this review, we highlight the studies relevant to COPD progression, and focus on mechanisms associated with inflammaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shijin Xia
- 1Shanghai Institute of Geriatrics, Huadong Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Changxi Zhou
- 2Department of Respiratory Medicine, The Second Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Bill Kalionis
- 3Department of Maternal-Fetal Medicine Pregnancy Research Centre and University of Melbourne Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Royal Women's Hospital, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Xiaoping Shuang
- 4Department of Cardiovascular Diseases, Xiangyang Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Xiangyang, Hubei, China
| | - Haiyan Ge
- 5Department of Pulmonary Diseases, Huadong Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wen Gao
- 6Department of Thoracic Surgery, Huadong Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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Barnes PJ. Small airway fibrosis in COPD. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2019; 116:105598. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biocel.2019.105598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2019] [Revised: 08/30/2019] [Accepted: 08/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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Abstract
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a major global health problem that is poorly treated by current therapies as it has proved difficult to treat the underlying inflammation, which is largely corticosteroid-resistant in most patients. Although rare genetic endotypes of COPD have been recognized, despite the clinical heterogeneity of COPD, it has proved difficult to identify distinct inflammatory endotypes. Most patients have increased neutrophils and macrophages in sputum, reflecting the increased secretion of neutrophil and monocyte chemotactic mediators in the lungs. However, some patients also have increased eosinophils in sputum and this may be reflected by increased blood eosinophils. Increased blood and sputum eosinophils are associated with more frequent exacerbations and predict a good response to corticosteroids in reducing and treating acute exacerbations. Eosinophilic COPD may represent an overlap with asthma but the mechanism of eosinophilia is uncertain as, although an increase in sputum IL-5 has been detected, anti-IL-5 therapies are not effective in preventing exacerbations. More research is needed to link inflammatory endotypes to clinical manifestations and outcomes in COPD and in particular to predict response to precision medicines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter J. Barnes
- National Heart and Lung Institute Imperial College London UK
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Abstract
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis are regarded as a diseases of accelerated lung ageing and show all of the hallmarks of ageing, including telomere shortening, cellular senescence, activation of PI3 kinase-mTOR signaling, impaired autophagy, mitochondrial dysfunction, stem cell exhaustion, epigenetic changes, abnormal microRNA profiles, immunosenescence and a low grade chronic inflammation due to senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP). Many of these ageing mechanisms are driven by exogenous and endogenous oxidative stress. There is also a reduction in anti-ageing molecules, such as sirtuins and Klotho, which further accelerate the ageing process. Understanding these molecular mechanisms has identified several novel therapeutic targets and several drugs and dietary interventions are now in development to treat chronic lung disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter J Barnes
- Airway Disease Section, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College, London, UK.
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Bin Y, Xiao Y, Huang D, Ma Z, Liang Y, Bai J, Zhang W, Liang Q, Zhang J, Zhong X, He Z. Theophylline inhibits cigarette smoke-induced inflammation in skeletal muscle by upregulating HDAC2 expression and decreasing NF-κB activation. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2019; 316:L197-L205. [PMID: 30358442 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00005.2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammation is associated with skeletal muscle dysfunction and atrophy in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Theophylline has an anti-inflammatory role in COPD. However, the effects of theophylline on inflammation in skeletal muscle in COPD have rarely been reported. The aims of this study were to explore whether theophylline has an anti-inflammatory effect on skeletal muscle in a mouse model of emphysema and to investigate the molecular mechanism underlying this effect. In mice, cigarette smoke (CS) exposure for 28 wk resulted in atrophy of the gastrocnemius muscle. Histone deacetylase 2 (HDAC2) and nuclear factor-κBp65 (NF-κBp65) mRNA and protein levels were significantly decreased and increased, respectively, in gastrocnemius muscle. This effect was revered by aminophylline. The exposure of murine skeletal muscle C2C12 cells to CS extract (CSE) significantly increased IL-8 and TNF-α levels as well as NF-κBp65 mRNA and protein levels and NF-κBp65 activity. This effect was reversed by theophylline. HDAC2 knockdown enhanced the activity of NF-κBp65 and increased IL-8 and TNF-α levels in C2C12 cells. CSE significantly increased the interaction of HDAC2 with NF-κBp65 in C2C12 cells. These data suggest that theophylline has an anti-inflammatory effect on skeletal muscle in a mouse model of emphysema by upregulating HDAC2 expression and decreasing NF-κBp65 activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanfei Bin
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Ying Xiao
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Dongmei Huang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Zhiying Ma
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Yi Liang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Jing Bai
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Wenlu Zhang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Qiuli Liang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Jianquan Zhang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Xiaoning Zhong
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Zhiyi He
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
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Huang X, Zhu Z, Guo X, Kong X. The roles of microRNAs in the pathogenesis of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Int Immunopharmacol 2018; 67:335-347. [PMID: 30578969 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2018.12.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2018] [Revised: 11/16/2018] [Accepted: 12/05/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is characterized by a progressive and irreversible airflow obstruction, with an abnormal lung function. The etiology of COPD correlates with complex interactions between environmental and genetic determinants. However, the exact pathogenesis of COPD is obscure although it involves multiple aspects including oxidative stress, imbalance between proteolytic and anti-proteolytic activity, immunity and inflammation, apoptosis, and repair and destruction in both airways and lungs. Many genes have been demonstrated to be involved in those pathogenic processes of this disease in patients exposed to harmful environmental factors. Previous reports have investigated promising microRNAs (miRNAs) to disclose the molecular mechanisms for COPD development induced by different environmental exposure and genetic predisposition encounter, and find some potential miRNA biomarkers for early diagnosis and treatment targets of COPD. In this review, we summarized the expression profiles of the reported miRNAs from studies of COPD associated with environmental risk factors including cigarette smoking and air pollution exposures, and provided an overview of roles of those miRNAs in the pathogenesis of the disease. We also highlighted the potential utility and limitations of miRNAs serving as diagnostic biomarkers and therapeutic targets for COPD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinwei Huang
- Medical School, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan Province 650500, China
| | - Zongxin Zhu
- Medical School, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan Province 650500, China
| | - Xiaoran Guo
- Medical School, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan Province 650500, China
| | - Xiangyang Kong
- Medical School, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan Province 650500, China.
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Ahlström MG, Knudsen A, Ullum H, Gerstoft J, Kjaer A, Lebech AM, Hasbak P, Obel N. Association between smoking status assessed with plasma-cotinine and inflammatory and endothelial biomarkers in HIV-positive and HIV-negative individuals. HIV Med 2018; 19:679-687. [DOI: 10.1111/hiv.12647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/23/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- MG Ahlström
- Department of Infectious Diseases; Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet; Copenhagen Denmark
| | - A Knudsen
- Department of Infectious Diseases; Copenhagen University Hospital; Hvidovre Denmark
| | - H Ullum
- Department of Clinical Immunology; Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet; Copenhagen Denmark
| | - J Gerstoft
- Department of Infectious Diseases; Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet; Copenhagen Denmark
| | - A Kjaer
- Department of Nuclear Physiology; Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet; Copenhagen Denmark
| | - A-M Lebech
- Department of Infectious Diseases; Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet; Copenhagen Denmark
| | - P Hasbak
- Department of Nuclear Physiology; Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet; Copenhagen Denmark
| | - N Obel
- Department of Infectious Diseases; Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet; Copenhagen Denmark
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Heydari J, Jafari M, Khazaie S, Goosheh H, Ghanei M, Karbasi A. The Role of Oxidative Stress in Severity of Obstructive Pulmonary Complications in Sputum of Sulfur Mustard-Injured Patients. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF TOXICOLOGY 2017. [DOI: 10.29252/arakmu.11.5.5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
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Xu X, Wang H, Li H, Cui X, Zhang H. SERPINE1 -844 and -675 polymorphisms and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in a Chinese Han population. J Int Med Res 2016; 44:1292-1301. [PMID: 27856929 PMCID: PMC5536740 DOI: 10.1177/0300060516664270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2016] [Accepted: 07/25/2016] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective To investigate the association between serpin family E member 1 ( SERPINE1) -844 A/G and -675 4G/5G polymorphisms and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) in a Chinese Han population. Method SERPINE1 -844 A/G and -675 4G/5G polymorphisms were assessed by polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism sequencing of genomic DNA from patients with COPD and healthy smoking controls. Results Out of 140 patients with COPD and 100 controls, all SERPINE1 -844 and -675 polymorphisms were in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium. Differences in SERPINE1 -675 4G and 5G allele frequencies were statistically significant between the COPD and control groups (odds ratio [OR] 1.45, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.00, 2.09), but there was no significant between-group difference in SERPINE1 -844 A and G allele frequencies. The SERPINE1 -675 4G/4G genotype was associated with COPD (OR 1.87, 95% CI 1.06, 3.32 [binary logistic regression]). Haplotype analysis showed that COPD was associated with SERPINE1 -844G/4G (OR 2.11, 95% CI 1.32, 3.38) and SERPINE1 -844G/5G (OR 0.66, 95% CI 0.45, 0.95). Conclusion The SERPINE1 -675 polymorphism, but not SERPINE1 -844 polymorphism, was associated with susceptibility to COPD in a Chinese Han population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xia Xu
- Department of Geriatrics, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Hongchao Wang
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Jinan Central Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Haijun Li
- Department of Geriatrics, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Xiaopei Cui
- Department of Geriatrics, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Hongyu Zhang
- Department of Geriatrics, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, China
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Wang H, Yang T, Li D, Wu Y, Zhang X, Pang C, Zhang J, Ying B, Wang T, Wen F. Elevated circulating PAI-1 levels are related to lung function decline, systemic inflammation, and small airway obstruction in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Int J Chron Obstruct Pulmon Dis 2016; 11:2369-2376. [PMID: 27713627 PMCID: PMC5044991 DOI: 10.2147/copd.s107409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) and soluble urokinase-type plasminogen activator receptor (suPAR) participate in inflammation and tissue remolding in various diseases, but their roles in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) are not yet clear. This study aimed to investigate if PAI-1 and suPAR were involved in systemic inflammation and small airway obstruction (SAO) in COPD. Methods Demographic and clinical characteristics, spirometry examination, and blood samples were obtained from 84 COPD patients and 51 healthy volunteers. Serum concentrations of PAI-1, suPAR, tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-1 (TIMP-1), Matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9), and C-reactive protein (CRP) were detected with Magnetic Luminex Screening Assay. Differences between groups were statistically analyzed using one-way analysis of variance or chi-square test. Pearson’s partial correlation test (adjusted for age, sex, body mass index, cigarette status, and passive smoke exposure) and multivariable linear analysis were used to explore the relationships between circulating PAI-1 and indicators of COPD. Results First, we found that serum PAI-1 levels but not suPAR levels were significantly increased in COPD patients compared with healthy volunteers (125.56±51.74 ng/mL versus 102.98±36.62 ng/mL, P=0.007). Then, the correlation analysis showed that circulating PAI-1 was inversely correlated with pulmonary function parameters including the ratio of forced expiratory volume in 1 second to forced vital capacity (FEV1/FVC), FEV1/Pre (justified r=−0.308, P<0.001; justified r=−0.295, P=0.001, respectively) and SAO indicators such as FEV3/FVC, MMEF25–75/Pre (justified r=−0.289, P=0.001; justified r=−0.273, P=0.002, respectively), but positively related to the inflammatory marker CRP (justified r=0.351, P<0.001), the small airway remolding biomarker TIMP-1, and MMP-9 (justified r=0.498, P<0.001; justified r=0.267, P=0.002, respectively). Besides, multivariable linear analysis showed that FEV1/FVC, CRP, and TIMP-1 were independent parameters associated with PAI-1. Conclusion Our findings first illustrate that elevated serum PAI-1 levels are related to the lung function decline, systemic inflammation, and SAO in COPD, suggesting that PAI-1 may play critical roles in the pathogenesis of COPD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Wang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, People's Republic of China; Division of Pulmonary Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy of China, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Ting Yang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, People's Republic of China; Division of Pulmonary Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy of China, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Diandian Li
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, People's Republic of China; Division of Pulmonary Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy of China, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanqiu Wu
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, People's Republic of China; Division of Pulmonary Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy of China, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Xue Zhang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, People's Republic of China; Division of Pulmonary Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy of China, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Caishuang Pang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, People's Republic of China; Division of Pulmonary Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy of China, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Junlong Zhang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Binwu Ying
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Tao Wang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, People's Republic of China; Division of Pulmonary Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy of China, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Fuqiang Wen
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, People's Republic of China; Division of Pulmonary Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy of China, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
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Essa ES, El Wahsh RA. Association Between Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor-1-675 4G/5G Insertion/Deletion Polymorphism and Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease. COPD 2016; 13:756-759. [PMID: 27073968 DOI: 10.3109/15412555.2016.1168392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Molecular pathology of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is still being investigated to discover relationships with disease pathogenesis. Evidence of plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) overexpression in the sputum and the blood of COPD patients is growing. We aimed to investigate the potential relation between PAI-1 promoter 4G/5G insertion/deletion polymorphism and COPD development. In a case-control study, we genotyped 117 COPD patients and 160 control subjects for PAI-1 promoter 4G/5G polymorphism by an allele-specific polymerase chain reaction analysis. All subjects were male smokers. In the co-dominant model, there was a significant difference in the distribution of 5G/5G, 4G/5G and 4G/4G genotypes between COPD patients and controls (p = 0.002). In the recessive model, carriers of 4G/4G genotype were significantly higher in COPD patients than controls (p = 0.01). Carriers of 4G/4G genotype were at higher risk to develop COPD than those carrying 5G/5G or 4G/5G genotypes (crude odds ratio (OR) = 2.10, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.19-3.73, adjusted OR = 2.5, 95% CI = 1.22-3.99). In conclusion, PAI-1 4G/5G genetic variations are associated with COPD development in males.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enas S Essa
- a Department of Clinical Pathology , Faculty of Medicine, Menoufia University , Shebein ElKom , Egypt
| | - Rabab A El Wahsh
- b Department of Chest , Faculty of Medicine, Menoufia University , Shebein ElKom , Egypt
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Jiang Z, Zhu L. Update on molecular mechanisms of corticosteroid resistance in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Pulm Pharmacol Ther 2016; 37:1-8. [PMID: 26805715 DOI: 10.1016/j.pupt.2016.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2015] [Revised: 01/14/2016] [Accepted: 01/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is an inflammatory and irreversible pulmonary disorder that is characterized by inflammation and airway destruction. In recent years, COPD has become a global epidemic due to increased air pollution and exposure to cigarette smoke. Current therapeutics using bronchiodialator and anti-inflammatory corticosteroids are most widely used for all patients with persistent COPD, but these approaches are disappointing due to limited improvement in symptom control and survival rate. More importantly, a certain number of COPD patients are resistant to the corticosteroid treatment and their symptoms worsen. Therefore, more effective anti-inflammatory drugs and combinational treatment are required. Understanding of the underlying molecular and immunological mechanisms is critical to developing new therapeutics. Lung inflammation and the released pro-inflammatory cytokines affect glucocorticoid receptor (GR), histone deacetylase 2 (HDAC2) and surfactant protein D (SP-D) activities in many cell types. Macrophages, neutrophils, airway epithelial cells and lymphocytes are involved in the induction of corticosteroid resistance. This review updated the recent advances in molecular and immunological mechanisms of steroid resistance among patients and animal models with COPD. Meanwhile we discussed novel therapeutic approaches in controlling lung inflammation and improving corticosteroid sensitivity among the steroid resistant patients with COPD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhilong Jiang
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, 180 Feng Lin Road, Shanghai 200032, China.
| | - Lei Zhu
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, 180 Feng Lin Road, Shanghai 200032, China.
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25
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Molecular mechanisms of the impact of smoke-oxidants. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015; 67:377-82. [DOI: 10.1016/j.etp.2015.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2014] [Revised: 04/04/2015] [Accepted: 04/07/2015] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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Boe AE, Eren M, Morales-Nebreda L, Murphy SB, Budinger GRS, Mutlu GM, Miyata T, Vaughan DE. Nitric oxide prevents alveolar senescence and emphysema in a mouse model. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0116504. [PMID: 25756287 PMCID: PMC4355068 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0116504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2014] [Accepted: 12/01/2014] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Nω-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME) treatment induces arteriosclerosis and vascular senescence. Here, we report that the systemic inhibition of nitric oxide (NO) production by L-NAME causes pulmonary emphysema. L-NAME-treated lungs exhibited both the structural (alveolar tissue destruction) and functional (increased compliance and reduced elastance) characteristics of emphysema development. Furthermore, we found that L-NAME-induced emphysema could be attenuated through both genetic deficiency and pharmacological inhibition of plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1). Because PAI-1 is an important contributor to the development of senescence both in vitro and in vivo, we investigated whether L-NAME-induced senescence led to the observed emphysematous changes. We found that L-NAME treatment was associated with molecular and cellular evidence of premature senescence in mice, and that PAI-1 inhibition attenuated these increases. These findings indicate that NO serves to protect and defend lung tissue from physiological aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda E. Boe
- Department of Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, United States of America
- Feinberg Cardiovascular Research Institute, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, United States of America
| | - Mesut Eren
- Department of Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, United States of America
| | - Luisa Morales-Nebreda
- Department of Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, United States of America
| | - Sheila B. Murphy
- Department of Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, United States of America
- Feinberg Cardiovascular Research Institute, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, United States of America
| | - G. R. Scott Budinger
- Department of Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, United States of America
| | - Gökhan M. Mutlu
- Pulmonary and Critical Care Section, Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States of America
| | - Toshio Miyata
- United Centers for Advanced Research and Translational Medicine (ART), Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Douglas E. Vaughan
- Department of Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, United States of America
- Feinberg Cardiovascular Research Institute, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Schamberger AC, Mise N, Meiners S, Eickelberg O. Epigenetic mechanisms in COPD: implications for pathogenesis and drug discovery. Expert Opin Drug Discov 2015; 9:609-28. [PMID: 24850530 DOI: 10.1517/17460441.2014.913020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is the fourth leading cause of death worldwide. The growing burden of COPD is due to continuous tobacco use, which is the most important risk factor of the disease, indoor fumes, occupational exposures and also aging of the world's population. Epigenetic mechanisms significantly contribute to COPD pathophysiology. AREAS COVERED This review focuses on disease-relevant changes in DNA modification, histone modification and non-coding RNA expression in COPD, and provides insight into novel therapeutic approaches modulating epigenetic mechanisms. Recent findings revealed, among others, globally changed DNA methylation patterns, decreased levels of histone deacetylases and reduced microRNAs levels in COPD. The authors also discuss a potential role of the chromatin silencing Polycomb group of proteins in COPD. EXPERT OPINION COPD is a highly complex disease and therapy development is complicated by the fact that many smokers develop both COPD and lung cancer. Of interest, combination therapies involving DNA methyltransferase inhibitors and anti-inflammatory drugs provide a promising approach, as they might be therapeutic for both COPD and cancer. Although the field of epigenetic research has virtually exploded over the last 10 years, particular efforts are required to enhance our knowledge of the COPD epigenome in order to successfully establish epigenetic-based therapies for this widespread disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea C Schamberger
- Comprehensive Pneumology Center, Institute of Lung Biology and Disease, Helmholtz Zentrum München, University Hospital and Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL) , Max-Lebsche-Platz 31, 81377 Munich , Germany
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Marseglia L, Manti S, D'Angelo G, Nicotera A, Parisi E, Di Rosa G, Gitto E, Arrigo T. Oxidative stress in obesity: a critical component in human diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2014; 16:378-400. [PMID: 25548896 PMCID: PMC4307252 DOI: 10.3390/ijms16010378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 562] [Impact Index Per Article: 56.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2014] [Accepted: 12/15/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity, a social problem worldwide, is characterized by an increase in body weight that results in excessive fat accumulation. Obesity is a major cause of morbidity and mortality and leads to several diseases, including metabolic syndrome, diabetes mellitus, cardiovascular, fatty liver diseases, and cancer. Growing evidence allows us to understand the critical role of adipose tissue in controlling the physic-pathological mechanisms of obesity and related comorbidities. Recently, adipose tissue, especially in the visceral compartment, has been considered not only as a simple energy depository tissue, but also as an active endocrine organ releasing a variety of biologically active molecules known as adipocytokines or adipokines. Based on the complex interplay between adipokines, obesity is also characterized by chronic low grade inflammation with permanently increased oxidative stress (OS). Over-expression of oxidative stress damages cellular structures together with under-production of anti-oxidant mechanisms, leading to the development of obesity-related complications. The aim of this review is to summarize what is known in the relationship between OS in obesity and obesity-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucia Marseglia
- Neonatal and Pediatric Intensive Care Unit, Department of Pediatrics, University of Messina, Via Consolare Valeria 1, 98125 Messina, Italy.
| | - Sara Manti
- Unit of Paediatric Genetics and Immunology, Department of Paediatrics, University of Messina, Via Consolare Valeria 1, 98125 Messina, Italy.
| | - Gabriella D'Angelo
- Neonatal and Pediatric Intensive Care Unit, Department of Pediatrics, University of Messina, Via Consolare Valeria 1, 98125 Messina, Italy.
| | - Antonio Nicotera
- Unit of Child Neurology and Psychiatry, Department of Pediatrics, University of Messina, Via Consolare Valeria 1, 98125 Messina, Italy.
| | - Eleonora Parisi
- Unit of Child Neurology and Psychiatry, Department of Pediatrics, University of Messina, Via Consolare Valeria 1, 98125 Messina, Italy.
| | - Gabriella Di Rosa
- Unit of Child Neurology and Psychiatry, Department of Pediatrics, University of Messina, Via Consolare Valeria 1, 98125 Messina, Italy.
| | - Eloisa Gitto
- Neonatal and Pediatric Intensive Care Unit, Department of Pediatrics, University of Messina, Via Consolare Valeria 1, 98125 Messina, Italy.
| | - Teresa Arrigo
- Unit of Paediatric Genetics and Immunology, Department of Paediatrics, University of Messina, Via Consolare Valeria 1, 98125 Messina, Italy.
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Huang WT, Akhter H, Jiang C, MacEwen M, Ding Q, Antony V, Thannickal VJ, Liu RM. Plasminogen activator inhibitor 1, fibroblast apoptosis resistance, and aging-related susceptibility to lung fibrosis. Exp Gerontol 2014; 61:62-75. [PMID: 25451236 DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2014.11.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2014] [Revised: 11/24/2014] [Accepted: 11/27/2014] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a fatal lung disorder with unknown cause and no effective treatment. The incidence of and mortality from IPF increase with age, suggesting that advanced age is a major risk factor for IPF. The mechanism underlying the increased susceptibility of the elderly to IPF, however, is unknown. In this study, we show for the first time that the protein level of plasminogen activator inhibitor 1 (PAI-1), a protease inhibitor which plays an essential role in the control of fibrinolysis, was significantly increased with age in mouse lung homogenate and lung fibroblasts. Upon bleomycin challenge, old mice experienced augmented PAI-1 induction and lung fibrosis as compared to young mice. Most interestingly, we show that fewer (myo)fibroblasts underwent apoptosis and more (myo)fibroblasts with increased level of PAI-1 accumulated in the lung of old than in young mice after bleomycin challenge. In vitro studies further demonstrate that fibroblasts isolated from lungs of old mice were resistant to H2O2 and tumor necrosis factor alpha-induced apoptosis and had augmented fibrotic responses to TGF-β1, compared to fibroblasts isolated from young mice. Inhibition of PAI-1 activity with a PAI-1 inhibitor, on the other hand, eliminated the aging-related apoptosis resistance and TGF-β1 sensitivity in isolated fibroblasts. Moreover, we show that knocking down PAI-1 in human lung fibroblasts with PAI-1 siRNA significantly increased their sensitivity to apoptosis and inhibited their responses to TGF-β1. Together, the results suggest that increased PAI-1 expression may underlie the aging-related sensitivity to lung fibrosis in part by protecting fibroblasts from apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Tan Huang
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, USA
| | - Hasina Akhter
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, USA
| | - Chunsun Jiang
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, USA
| | - Mark MacEwen
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, USA
| | - Qiang Ding
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, USA
| | - Veena Antony
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, USA
| | - Victor John Thannickal
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, USA
| | - Rui-Ming Liu
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, USA; Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, USA.
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Li S, Li X, Wang Y, Yang J, Chen Z, Shan S. Global secretome characterization of A549 human alveolar epithelial carcinoma cells during Mycoplasma pneumoniae infection. BMC Microbiol 2014; 14:27. [PMID: 24507763 PMCID: PMC3922035 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2180-14-27] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2013] [Accepted: 02/03/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mycoplasma pneumoniae (M. pneumoniae) is one of the major etiological agents for community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) in all age groups. The early host response to M. pneumoniae infection relies on the concerted release of proteins with various biological activities. However, no comprehensive analysis of the secretory proteins has been conducted to date regarding the host response upon M. pneumoniae infection. RESULTS We employed the liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS)-based label-free quantitative proteomic technology to identify and characterize the members of the human alveolar epithelial carcinoma A549 cell secretome during M. pneumoniae infection. A total of 256 proteins were identified, with 113 being differentially expressed (>1.5-fold change), among which 9 were only expressed in control cells, 10 only in M. pneumoniae-treated cells, while 55 were up-regulated and 39 down-regulated by M. pneumoniae. The changed expression of some of the identified proteins was validated by RT-PCR and immunoblot analysis. Cellular localization analysis of the secretome data revealed 59.38% of the proteins were considered as "putative secretory proteins". Functional analysis revealed that the proteins affected upon M. pneumoniae infection were mainly related to metabolic process, stress response, and immune response. We further examined the level of one up-regulated protein, IL-33, in clinical samples. The result showed that IL-33 levels were significantly higher in the plasma and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) of M. pneumoniae pneumonia (MPP) patients. CONCLUSIONS The present study provided systematic information about the changes in the expression of secretory proteins during M. pneumoniae infection, which is useful for the discovery of specific biomarkers and targets for pharmacological intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Jun Yang
- Department of Pediatric Pulmonology, The Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310003, China.
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Savarimuthu Francis SM, Davidson MR, Tan ME, Wright CM, Clarke BE, Duhig EE, Bowman RV, Hayward NK, Fong KM, Yang IA. MicroRNA-34c is associated with emphysema severity and modulates SERPINE1 expression. BMC Genomics 2014; 15:88. [PMID: 24479666 PMCID: PMC3922660 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2164-15-88] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2012] [Accepted: 01/23/2014] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND MicroRNAs (MiRNA) are small non-coding RNAs that regulate gene expression. The aim of this study was to identify miRNAs differentially expressed between mild and moderately emphysematous lung, as well as their functional target mRNAs. Resected lung from patients with COPD undergoing lung cancer surgery was profiled using miRNA (Agilent Human miRNA profiler G4470 V1.01) and mRNA (OperonV2.0) microarrays. Cells of lung origin (BEAS-2B and HFL1) were profiled using mRNA microarrays (Illumina HumanHT-12 V3) after in vitro manipulation. RESULTS COPD patients had mean (SD) age 68 (6) years, FEV1 72 (17)% predicted and gas transfer (KCO) 70 (10)% predicted. Five miRNAs (miR-34c, miR-34b, miR-149, miR-133a and miR-133b) were significantly down-regulated in lung from patients with moderate compared to mild emphysema as defined by gas transfer (p < 0.01). In vitro upregulation of miR-34c in respiratory cells led to down-regulation of predicted target mRNAs, including SERPINE1, MAP4K4, ZNF3, ALDOA and HNF4A. The fold change in ex-vivo expression of all five predicted target genes inversely correlated with that of miR-34c in emphysematous lung, but this relationship was strongest for SERPINE1 (p = 0.05). CONCLUSION Differences in miRNA expression are associated with emphysema severity in COPD patients. MiR-34c modulates expression of its putative target gene, SERPINE1, in vitro in respiratory cell lines and ex vivo in emphysematous lung tissue.
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