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Miklós Z, Horváth I. The Role of Oxidative Stress and Antioxidants in Cardiovascular Comorbidities in COPD. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:1196. [PMID: 37371927 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12061196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2023] [Revised: 05/28/2023] [Accepted: 05/30/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress driven by several environmental and local airway factors associated with chronic obstructive bronchiolitis, a hallmark feature of COPD, plays a crucial role in disease pathomechanisms. Unbalance between oxidants and antioxidant defense mechanisms amplifies the local inflammatory processes, worsens cardiovascular health, and contributes to COPD-related cardiovascular dysfunctions and mortality. The current review summarizes recent developments in our understanding of different mechanisms contributing to oxidative stress and its countermeasures, with special attention to those that link local and systemic processes. Major regulatory mechanisms orchestrating these pathways are also introduced, with some suggestions for further research in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zsuzsanna Miklós
- National Korányi Institute for Pulmonology, Korányi F. Street 1, H-1121 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Ildikó Horváth
- National Korányi Institute for Pulmonology, Korányi F. Street 1, H-1121 Budapest, Hungary
- Department of Pulmonology, University of Debrecen, Nagyerdei krt 98, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary
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Zhang W, Wang J, Chen B, Ji X, Zhao C, Chen M, Liao S, Jiang S, Pan Z, Wang W, Li L, Chen Y, Guo X, Deng F. Association of multiple air pollutants with oxygen saturation during sleep in COPD patients: Effect modification by smoking status and airway inflammatory phenotypes. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2023; 454:131550. [PMID: 37148791 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2023.131550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2023] [Revised: 04/11/2023] [Accepted: 04/30/2023] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Air pollution contributes substantially to the development of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). To date, the effect of air pollution on oxygen saturation (SpO2) during sleep and potential susceptibility factors remain unknown. In this longitudinal panel study, real-time SpO2 was monitored in 132 COPD patients, with 270 nights (1615 h) of sleep SpO2 recorded. Exhaled nitric oxide (NO), hydrogen sulfide (H2S) and carbon monoxide (CO) were measured to assess airway inflammatory characteristics. Exposure levels of air pollutants were estimated by infiltration factor method. Generalized estimating equation was used to investigate the effect of air pollutants on sleep SpO2. Ozone, even at low levels (<60 μg/m3), was significantly associated with decreased SpO2 and extended time of oxygen desaturation (SpO2 < 90%), especially in the warm season. The associations of other pollutants with SpO2 were weak, but significant adverse effects of PM10 and SO2 were observed in the cold season. Notably, stronger effects of ozone were observed in current smokers. Consistently, smoking-related airway inflammation, characterized by higher levels of exhaled CO and H2S but lower NO, significantly augmented the effect of ozone on SpO2 during sleep. This study highlights the importance of ozone control in protecting sleep health in COPD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenlou Zhang
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China; Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Junyi Wang
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China; Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Baiqi Chen
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Xuezhao Ji
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Chen Zhao
- Community Health Service Center, Huayuan Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100088, China
| | - Maike Chen
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Sha Liao
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Simin Jiang
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Zihan Pan
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Wanzhou Wang
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Luyi Li
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Yahong Chen
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing 100191, China.
| | - Xinbiao Guo
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Furong Deng
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China; Center for Environment and Health, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China.
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Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and atherosclerosis: common mechanisms and novel therapeutics. Clin Sci (Lond) 2022; 136:405-423. [PMID: 35319068 PMCID: PMC8968302 DOI: 10.1042/cs20210835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2021] [Revised: 02/17/2022] [Accepted: 03/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and atherosclerosis are chronic irreversible diseases, that share a number of common causative factors including cigarette smoking. Atherosclerosis drastically impairs blood flow and oxygen availability to tissues, leading to life-threatening outcomes including myocardial infarction (MI) and stroke. Patients with COPD are most likely to die as a result of a cardiovascular event, with 30% of all COPD-related deaths being attributed to cardiovascular disease (CVD). Both atherosclerosis and COPD involve significant local (i.e. lung, vasculature) and systemic inflammation and oxidative stress, of which current pharmacological treatments have limited efficacy, hence the urgency for the development of novel life-saving therapeutics. Currently these diseases must be treated individually, with no therapies available that can effectively reduce the likelihood of comorbid CVD other than cessation of cigarette smoking. In this review, the important mechanisms that drive atherosclerosis and CVD in people with COPD are explained and we propose that modulation of both the oxidative stress and the inflammatory burden will provide a novel therapeutic strategy to treat both the pulmonary and systemic manifestations related to these diseases.
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Campbell NK, Fitzgerald HK, Dunne A. Regulation of inflammation by the antioxidant haem oxygenase 1. Nat Rev Immunol 2021; 21:411-425. [PMID: 33514947 DOI: 10.1038/s41577-020-00491-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 175] [Impact Index Per Article: 58.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/15/2020] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Haem oxygenase 1 (HO-1), an inducible enzyme responsible for the breakdown of haem, is primarily considered an antioxidant, and has long been overlooked by immunologists. However, research over the past two decades in particular has demonstrated that HO-1 also exhibits numerous anti-inflammatory properties. These emerging immunomodulatory functions have made HO-1 an appealing target for treatment of diseases characterized by high levels of chronic inflammation. In this Review, we present an introduction to HO-1 for immunologists, including an overview of its roles in iron metabolism and antioxidant defence, and the factors which regulate its expression. We discuss the impact of HO-1 induction in specific immune cell populations and provide new insights into the immunomodulation that accompanies haem catabolism, including its relationship to immunometabolism. Furthermore, we highlight the therapeutic potential of HO-1 induction to treat chronic inflammatory and autoimmune diseases, and the issues faced when trying to translate such therapies to the clinic. Finally, we examine a number of alternative, safer strategies that are under investigation to harness the therapeutic potential of HO-1, including the use of phytochemicals, novel HO-1 inducers and carbon monoxide-based therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole K Campbell
- School of Biochemistry and Immunology, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland. .,Centre for Innate Immunity and Infectious Diseases, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, Victoria, Australia. .,Department of Molecular and Translational Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia.
| | - Hannah K Fitzgerald
- School of Biochemistry and Immunology, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Aisling Dunne
- School of Biochemistry and Immunology, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland.,School of Medicine, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
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Ween MP, White JB, Tran HB, Mukaro V, Jones C, Macowan M, Hodge G, Trim PJ, Snel MF, Hodge SJ. The role of oxidised self-lipids and alveolar macrophage CD1b expression in COPD. Sci Rep 2021; 11:4106. [PMID: 33602992 PMCID: PMC7892841 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-82481-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2020] [Accepted: 12/28/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
In chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) apoptotic bronchial epithelial cells are increased, and their phagocytosis by alveolar macrophages (AM) is decreased alongside bacterial phagocytosis. Epithelial cellular lipids, including those exposed on uncleared apoptotic bodies, can become oxidized, and may be recognized and presented as non-self by antigen presenting cells. CD1b is a lipid-presenting protein, previously only described in dendritic cells. We investigated whether CD1b is upregulated in COPD AM, and whether lipid oxidation products are found in the airways of cigarette smoke (CS) exposed mice. We also characterise CD1b for the first time in a range of macrophages and assess CD1b expression and phagocytic function in response to oxidised lipid. Bronchoalveolar lavage and exhaled breath condensate were collected from never-smoker, current-smoker, and COPD patients and AM CD1b expression and airway 8-isoprostane levels assessed. Malondialdehyde was measured in CS-exposed mouse airways by confocal/immunofluorescence. Oxidation of lipids produced from CS-exposed 16HBE14o- (HBE) bronchial epithelial cells was assessed by spectrophotometry and changes in lipid classes assessed by mass spectrometry. 16HBE cell toxicity was measured by flow cytometry as was phagocytosis, CD1b expression, HLA class I/II, and mannose receptor (MR) in monocyte derived macrophages (MDM). AM CD1b was significantly increased in COPD smokers (4.5 fold), COPD ex-smokers (4.3 fold), and smokers (3.9 fold), and AM CD1b significantly correlated with disease severity (FEV1) and smoking pack years. Airway 8-isoprostane also increased in smokers and COPD smokers and ex-smokers. Malondialdehyde was significantly increased in the bronchial epithelium of CS-exposed mice (MFI of 18.18 vs 23.50 for control). Oxidised lipid was produced from CS-exposed bronchial epithelial cells (9.8-fold of control) and showed a different overall lipid makeup to that of control total cellular lipid. This oxidised epithelial lipid significantly upregulated MDM CD1b, caused bronchial epithelial cell toxicity, and reduced MDM phagocytic capacity and MR in a dose dependent manner. Increased levels of oxidised lipids in the airways of COPD patients may be responsible for reduced phagocytosis and may become a self-antigen to be presented by CD1b on macrophages to perpetuate disease progression despite smoking cessation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miranda P Ween
- Department of Thoracic Medicine, Royal Adelaide Hospital, Adelaide, Australia. .,School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia.
| | - Jake B White
- School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia.,Proteomics, Metabolomics and MS Imaging Core Facility, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute (SAHMRI), Adelaide, Australia.,Vascular Research Centre, Lifelong Health Theme, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute (SAHMRI), Adelaide, Australia
| | - Hai B Tran
- Department of Thoracic Medicine, Royal Adelaide Hospital, Adelaide, Australia.,School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Violet Mukaro
- Department of Thoracic Medicine, Royal Adelaide Hospital, Adelaide, Australia.,Department of Critical Care, Melbourne Medical School, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Charles Jones
- School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Matthew Macowan
- Department of Thoracic Medicine, Royal Adelaide Hospital, Adelaide, Australia.,School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Gregory Hodge
- Department of Thoracic Medicine, Royal Adelaide Hospital, Adelaide, Australia.,School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Paul J Trim
- School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia.,Proteomics, Metabolomics and MS Imaging Core Facility, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute (SAHMRI), Adelaide, Australia
| | - Marten F Snel
- School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia.,Proteomics, Metabolomics and MS Imaging Core Facility, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute (SAHMRI), Adelaide, Australia
| | - Sandra J Hodge
- School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia
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Ghorbani R, Blomberg A, Schmidt FM. Impact of breath sampling on exhaled carbon monoxide. J Breath Res 2020; 14:047105. [PMID: 33021205 DOI: 10.1088/1752-7163/abb479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
The influence of breath sampling on exhaled carbon monoxide (eCO) and related pulmonary gas exchange parameters is investigated in a study with 32 healthy non-smokers. Mid-infrared tunable diode laser absorption spectroscopy and well-controlled online sampling is used to precisely measure mouth- and nose-exhaled CO expirograms at exhalation flow rates (EFRs) of 250, 120 and 60 ml s-1, and for 10 s of breath-holding followed by exhalation at 120 ml s-1. A trumpet model with axial diffusion is employed to fit simulated exhalation profiles to the experimental expirograms, which provides equilibrium airway and alveolar CO concentrations and the average lung diffusing capacity in addition to end-tidal concentrations. For all breathing maneuvers, excellent agreement is found between mouth- and nose-exhaled end-tidal CO (ETCO), and the individual values for ETCO and alveolar diffusing capacity are consistent across maneuvers. The eCO parameters clearly show a dependence on EFR, where the lung diffusing capacity increases with EFR, while ETCO slightly decreases. End-tidal CO is largely independent of ambient air CO and alveolar diffusing capacity. While airway CO is slightly higher than, and correlates strongly with, ambient air CO, and there is a weak correlation with ETCO, the results point to negligible endogenous airway CO production in healthy subjects. An EFR of around 120 ml s-1 can be recommended for clinical eCO measurements. The employed method provides means to measure variations in endogenous CO, which can improve the interpretation of exhaled CO concentrations and the diagnostic value of eCO tests in clinical studies. Clinical trial registration number: 2017/306-31.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramin Ghorbani
- Department of Applied Physics and Electronics, Umeå University, Umeå SE-90187, Sweden
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Zhou S, Liu N, Shen C, Zhang L, He T, Yu B, Li J. An adaptive Kalman filtering algorithm based on back-propagation (BP) neural network applied for simultaneously detection of exhaled CO and N 2O. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2019; 223:117332. [PMID: 31288168 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2019.117332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2019] [Revised: 06/17/2019] [Accepted: 06/28/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
A compact high-resolution spectroscopic sensor using a thermoelectrically (TE) cooled continuous-wave (CW) room temperature (RT) quantum cascade laser (QCL) was demonstrated for simultaneous measurements of exhaled carbon monoxide (CO) and nitrous oxide (N2O). The sampling pressure was optimized to improve the sensitivity, the optimal pressure was determined to be 150 mbar based on an optical density analysis of simulated and measured absorption spectra. An adaptive Kalman filtering algorithm based on back-propagation (BP) neural network was developed and proposed for real-time exhaled breath analysis in order to perform fast and high precision on-line measurements. The detection limits (1σ) of 1.14 ppb and 1.12 ppb were experimentally achieved for CO and N2O detection, respectively. Typical concentrations of exhaled CO and N2O from smokers and non-smokers were analyzed. The experimental results indicated that the state-of-the-art CW-QCL based sensor has a great potential for non-invasive, on-line identification and quantification of biomarkers in human breath.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheng Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Opto-Electronic Information Acquisition and Manipulation of Ministry of Education, Anhui University, 230601 Hefei, China; Laser Spectroscopy and Sensing Laboratory, Anhui University, 230601 Hefei, China.
| | - Ningwu Liu
- Key Laboratory of Opto-Electronic Information Acquisition and Manipulation of Ministry of Education, Anhui University, 230601 Hefei, China; Laser Spectroscopy and Sensing Laboratory, Anhui University, 230601 Hefei, China
| | - Chongyang Shen
- Key Laboratory of Opto-Electronic Information Acquisition and Manipulation of Ministry of Education, Anhui University, 230601 Hefei, China; Laser Spectroscopy and Sensing Laboratory, Anhui University, 230601 Hefei, China
| | - Lei Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Opto-Electronic Information Acquisition and Manipulation of Ministry of Education, Anhui University, 230601 Hefei, China; Laser Spectroscopy and Sensing Laboratory, Anhui University, 230601 Hefei, China
| | - Tianbo He
- Key Laboratory of Opto-Electronic Information Acquisition and Manipulation of Ministry of Education, Anhui University, 230601 Hefei, China; Laser Spectroscopy and Sensing Laboratory, Anhui University, 230601 Hefei, China
| | - Benli Yu
- Key Laboratory of Opto-Electronic Information Acquisition and Manipulation of Ministry of Education, Anhui University, 230601 Hefei, China; Laser Spectroscopy and Sensing Laboratory, Anhui University, 230601 Hefei, China
| | - Jingsong Li
- Key Laboratory of Opto-Electronic Information Acquisition and Manipulation of Ministry of Education, Anhui University, 230601 Hefei, China; Laser Spectroscopy and Sensing Laboratory, Anhui University, 230601 Hefei, China.
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8
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High inhaled oxygen concentration quadruples exhaled CO in healthy volunteers monitored by a highly sensitive laser spectrometer. Sci Rep 2019; 9:12259. [PMID: 31439950 PMCID: PMC6706429 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-48789-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2019] [Accepted: 08/12/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Carbon monoxide (CO) monitoring in human breath is the focus of many investigations as CO could possibly be used as a marker of various diseases. Detecting CO in human breath remains a challenge because low concentrations (<ppm) must be selectively detected and short response time resolution is needed to detect the end expiratory values reflecting actual alveolar concentrations. A laser spectroscopy based instrument was developed (ProCeas) that fulfils these requirements. The aim of this study was to validate the use of a ProCeas for human breath analysis in order to measure the changes of endogenous exhaled CO (eCO) induced by different inspired fractions of oxygen (FiO2) ranging between 21% and 100%. This study was performed on healthy volunteers. 30 healthy awaked volunteers (including asymptomatic smokers) breathed spontaneously through a facial mask connected to the respiratory circuit of an anesthesiology station. FiO2 was fixed to 21%, 50% and 100% for periods of 5 minutes. CO concentrations were continuously monitored throughout the experiment with a ProCeas connected to the airway circuit. The respiratory cycles being resolved, eCO concentration is defined by the difference between the value at the end of the exhalation phase and the level during inhalation phase. Inhalation of 100% FiO2 increased eCO levels by a factor of four in every subjects (smokers and non smokers). eCO returned in a few minutes to the initial value when FiO2 was switched back to 21%. This magnification of eCO at 21% and 100% FiO2 is greater than those described in previous publications. We hypothesize that these results can be explained by the healthy status of our subjects (with low basal levels of eCO) and also by the better measurement precision of ProCeas.
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Marmolejo-Tejada JM, Jaramillo-Botero A. Partially-oxidized phosphorene sensor for the detection of sub-nano molar concentrations of nitric oxide: a first-principles study. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2019; 21:19083-19091. [PMID: 31432839 DOI: 10.1039/c9cp03912k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The development of new techniques or instruments for detecting and accurately measuring biomarker concentrations in living organisms is essential for early diagnosis of diseases, and for tracking the effectiveness of treatments. In chronic diseases, such as asthma, precise phenotyping can help predict the response of patients to treatments and reduce the risk of complications. Fractional exhaled nitric oxide (FeNO) is a positive biomarker for eosinophilic asthma in humans, and it can be directly detected in the respiratory tract, at very low and volatile concentrations, which makes real-time measurement a challenge. This work describes the first-principles design and characterization of a molecular- and back-gated electronic field-effect transistor device for the detection and measurement of ultra-low FeNO concentrations (pM-nM) from a person' s exhaled breath, as a cost-efficient alternative to the slower and more expensive techniques based on off-line sputum characterization via mass spectrometry. The proposed device uses a partially oxidized phosphorene semiconducting channel material for FeNO detection, allowing nM L-1 concentration measurements of this analyte in an array configuration with an effective sensing surface area of 8.775 μm2, which results in a predicted limit of detection (LOD) of 19 nM L-1. In spite of the limited stability of phosphorene in oxygen-rich and humid environments, the proposed device would be practical for mobile applications with disposable sensors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan M Marmolejo-Tejada
- Electronics and Computer Science Division, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Cali 760031, Colombia
| | - Andres Jaramillo-Botero
- Electronics and Computer Science Division, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Cali 760031, Colombia and Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Division, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA.
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Kis A, Meszaros M, Tarnoki DL, Tarnoki AD, Lazar Z, Horvath P, Kunos L, Bikov A. Exhaled carbon monoxide levels in obstructive sleep apnoea. J Breath Res 2019; 13:036012. [DOI: 10.1088/1752-7163/ab231d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
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Ghorbani R, Schmidt FM. Fitting of single-exhalation profiles using a pulmonary gas exchange model—application to carbon monoxide. J Breath Res 2019; 13:026001. [DOI: 10.1088/1752-7163/aafc91] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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Guo H, Yang W, Jiang L, Lyu Y, Cheng T, Gao B, Li X. Association of short-term exposure to ambient air pollutants with exhaled nitric oxide in hospitalized patients with respiratory-system diseases. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2019; 168:394-400. [PMID: 30396136 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2018.10.094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2018] [Revised: 10/21/2018] [Accepted: 10/24/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous studies have suggested that exposure to ambient air pollutants may adversely affect human health. However, few studies have examined the health effects of exposure to ambient air pollutants in hospitalized patients. OBJECTIVES To evaluate the association between short-term exposure to ambient air pollutants and exhaled nitric oxide fraction (FeNO) in a large cohort of hospitalized patients. METHODS FeNO was detected for 2986 hospitalized patients (ages 18-88 years). Daily average concentrations of SO2, NO2, O3, CO, PM2.5 and PM10 in 2014 and 2015 were obtained from nine fixed-site monitoring stations. Multiple linear regression models were chosen to assess the associations of exposure to ambient air pollutants with FeNO while adjusting for confounding variables. Lagged variable models were selected to determine the association between FeNO and ambient air pollutants concentrations with lags of up to 7 days prior to FeNO testing. RESULTS Interquartile-range (IQR) increases in the daily average SO2 (8.00 μg/m3) and PM2.5 (37.0 μg/m3) were strongly associated with increases in FeNO, with increases of 3.41% [95% confidence interval (CI), 0.94-5.93%] and 2.72% (95%CI, -0.09% to 5.61%), respectively. However, FeNO levels were not statistically associated with PM10, NO2, O3 or CO. In the two-pollutant models, the maximum correlation was for ambient SO2. We also found that FeNO was associated with IQR increases in daily average ambient concentrations of SO2 up to 3 and 4 days after the exposure events. CONCLUSIONS Short-term exposure to SO2 and PM2.5 were positively correlated with FeNO levels in hospitalized patients in Shanghai.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huibin Guo
- Department of Environmental Science & Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, PR China
| | - Wenlan Yang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Li Jiang
- Department of Environmental Science & Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, PR China
| | - Yan Lyu
- Department of Environmental Science & Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, PR China
| | - Tiantao Cheng
- Department of Environmental Science & Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, PR China
| | - Beilan Gao
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Xiang Li
- Department of Environmental Science & Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, PR China; Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Shanghai 200092, PR China.
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Lu Z, Huang W, Wang L, Xu N, Ding Q, Cao C. Exhaled nitric oxide in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Int J Chron Obstruct Pulmon Dis 2018; 13:2695-2705. [PMID: 30214187 PMCID: PMC6124452 DOI: 10.2147/copd.s165780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Fractional exhaled nitric oxide (FENO) is a useful and noninvasive biomarker for eosinophilic airway inflammation, particularly in asthma. However, its utility in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) remains controversial. In this study, we performed a systematic review and meta-analysis to evaluate FENO levels in COPD. Methods A search of PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, and clinical trial registry was conducted from inception to January 2018. Studies were included if they reported FENO levels in patients with COPD and healthy controls. We then extracted relevant information and analyzed data. Standard mean difference (SMD) with 95% confidence interval (CI) was applied in this meta-analysis. Results A total of 2,073 studies were reviewed for eligibility, with 24 studies pooled for analysis. The FENO levels in patients with COPD were elevated mildly compared with healthy controls (SMD 1.28, 95% CI 0.60-1.96). A similar result was also observed in stable COPD, with an SMD of 1.21 (95% CI 0.47-1.96). On the other hand, we found no association between FENO levels and exacerbated COPD. Additionally, for patients with COPD, ex-smokers had higher levels of FENO than current smokers (SMD 2.05, 95% CI 1.13-2.97). Conclusion Our studies demonstrated a mild elevation of FENO in COPD, and the association between exacerbated COPD and FENO levels needs to be further explored. The potential mechanism is still unknown and conflicting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiyu Lu
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Ningbo First Hospital, Ningbo, People’s Republic of China, ,Ningbo University School of Medicine, Ningbo, People’s Republic of China
| | - Weina Huang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Ningbo First Hospital, Ningbo, People’s Republic of China,
| | - Linfeng Wang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Ningbo First Hospital, Ningbo, People’s Republic of China,
| | - Ning Xu
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Ningbo First Hospital, Ningbo, People’s Republic of China,
| | - Qunli Ding
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Medical School of Ningbo University, Ningbo, People’s Republic of China, ,Qunli Ding, Department of Respiratory Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Medical School of Ningbo University, 247 Renmin Road, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315020, People’s Republic of China, Tel/fax +86 574 8703 5778, Email
| | - Chao Cao
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Ningbo First Hospital, Ningbo, People’s Republic of China, ,Correspondence: Chao Cao, Department of Respiratory Medicine, Ningbo First Hospital, 59 Liuting Road, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315010, People’s Republic of China, Tel/fax +86 574 8708 9878, Email
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Ejazi MA, Shameem M, Bhargava R, Ahmad Z, Akhtar J, Khan NA, Alam MM, Alam MA, Adil Wafi CG. Correlation of exhaled carbon monoxide level with disease severity in chronic obstruction pulmonary disease. Lung India 2018; 35:401-406. [PMID: 30168459 PMCID: PMC6120306 DOI: 10.4103/lungindia.lungindia_11_18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Amplification of airway inflammation and its destruction due to oxidative stress is a major step in the pathogenesis of chronic obstruction pulmonary disease (COPD). Exhaled carbon monoxide (eCO) may be quantified to evaluate the airway inflammation and oxidative stress in such patients. Objectives: To assess the disease severity of COPD and treatment response by measuring eCO as a biomarker. Materials and Methods: COPD patients diagnosed according to the global initiative for chronic obstructive lung disease guidelines and healthy individuals as controls were selected. One hundred and fifty patients with COPD and 125 controls were included in the study. Participants were further subdivided on the basis of their smoking habits. Clinical examinations and spirometry were done to diagnose COPD by following the standard protocol. eCO was measured using a piCO + Smokerlyzer (Breath CO Monitor, Bedfont Scientific Ltd., Kent, UK). It was a single-center cross-sectional study. Results: Mean (± standard error of mean) CO levels in ex-smokers with COPD were higher (5.21 ± 1.546 ppm; P < 0.05) than in nonsmoking controls (1.52 ± 0.571 ppm) but were lower than in current smokers with COPD (12.55 ± 4.514 ppm; P < 0.05). eCO levels were higher in current smokers with COPD (12.55 ± 4.514 ppm; P < 0.05) compared to healthy smokers (9.71 ± 5.649). There was a negative correlation between eCO and forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1) in COPD (r = −0.28; P < 0.05). The mean eCO level was decreased (6.291–4.332; P < 0.001) with improvement in lung function (FEV1 38.75%–50.65%: P < 0.05) after treatment with inhaled steroid. Conclusion: Our study concludes that quantification of eCO level in COPD varies with different grades of airway obstruction and to measure the treatment response. Measuring the level of eCO can be used to assess the indirect assessment of airway inflammation, oxidative stress, and severity of airway obstruction in COPD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Arshad Ejazi
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Mohammad Shameem
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Rakesh Bhargava
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Zuber Ahmad
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Jamal Akhtar
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Nafeees A Khan
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Md Mazhar Alam
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Md Arif Alam
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - C G Adil Wafi
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, Uttar Pradesh, India
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Rogliani P, Ora J, Puxeddu E, Cazzola M. Airflow obstruction: is it asthma or is it COPD? Int J Chron Obstruct Pulmon Dis 2016; 11:3007-3013. [PMID: 27942210 PMCID: PMC5137932 DOI: 10.2147/copd.s54927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite the availability of guideline recommendations, diagnostic confusion between COPD and asthma appears common, and often it is very difficult to decide whether the obstruction is caused by asthma or COPD in a patient with airway obstruction. However, there are well-defined features that help in differentiating asthma from COPD in the presence of fixed airflow obstruction. Nonetheless, the presentations of asthma and COPD can converge and mimic each other, making it difficult to give these patients a diagnosis of either condition. The association of asthma and COPD in the same patient has been designated mixed asthma–COPD phenotype or overlap syndrome. However, since the absence of a clear definition and the inclusion of patients with different characteristics under this umbrella term, it may not facilitate treatment decisions, especially in the absence of clinical trials addressing this heterogeneous population. We are realizing that neither asthma nor COPD are single diseases, but rather syndromes consisting of several endotypes and phenotypes, consequently comprising a spectrum of diseases that must be recognized and adequately treated with targeted therapy. Therefore, we must treat patients by personalizing therapy on the basis of those treatable traits present in each subject.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paola Rogliani
- Department of Systems Medicine, Tor Vergata University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Josuel Ora
- Department of Systems Medicine, Tor Vergata University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Ermanno Puxeddu
- Department of Systems Medicine, Tor Vergata University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Mario Cazzola
- Department of Systems Medicine, Tor Vergata University of Rome, Rome, Italy
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16
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Lim CS, Rani FA, Tan LE. Response of exhaled nitric oxide to inhaled corticosteroids in patients with stable COPD: A systematic review and meta-analysis. CLINICAL RESPIRATORY JOURNAL 2016; 12:218-226. [PMID: 27328740 DOI: 10.1111/crj.12518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2016] [Revised: 06/13/2016] [Accepted: 06/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION To our knowledge, no meta-analysis has investigated the response of FeNO levels to corticosteroid treatment in ex-smokers with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). OBJECTIVES This meta-analysis assessed the potential role of fraction of exhaled nitric oxide (FeNO) as a biomarker for corticosteroid response in ex-smokers with stable COPD. METHODS Medline, Cochrane, EMBASE, Google Scholar databases were searched until November 5, 2014 using the following terms: corticosteroid, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, COPD, nitric oxide, NO, exhaled nitric oxide. Only randomized controlled trials (RCT) or two-arm prospective studies were included. The primary outcome measure was FeNO before and after treatment with inhaled corticosteroids (ICS) in ex-smokers with COPD. Sensitivity analysis was also performed. RESULTS Five studies were included in the analysis with a total of 171 COPD patients. All five studies included 125 ex-smokers and two of these also included 46 current smokers. There was a significant decrease of FeNO in ex-smoking COPD patients following inhaled corticosteroid treatment (-7.51, 95% CI: -11.51 to -3.51; P =0.003); and in a population of subjects that included both smokers and ex-smokers (-1.99, 95% CI: -3.41 to -0.56; P =0.006). CONCLUSION Our findings indicate that FeNO levels significantly decreased with corticosteroid treatment in ex-smokers with COPD. Additional studies are required to evaluate whether concurrent smoking has significant effect on FeNO response to ICS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chor-Shen Lim
- Respiratory Unit, Department of Medicine, Tropicana Medical Centre, Petaling Jaya, Selangor, 47810, Malaysia
| | - Fauzi Abdul Rani
- Respiratory Unit, Department of Medicine, Tropicana Medical Centre, Petaling Jaya, Selangor, 47810, Malaysia.,Respiratory Unit, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Selayang, Selangor, 68100, Malaysia
| | - Lan-Eng Tan
- Respiratory Unit, Department of Medicine, Tropicana Medical Centre, Petaling Jaya, Selangor, 47810, Malaysia
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17
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Guo Y, Ma J, Lu W, He J, Zhang R, Yuan J, Chen W. Associations of Exhaled Carbon Monoxide and Fractional Exhaled Nitric Oxide with Metabolic Syndrome: A Cohort Study. Sci Rep 2016; 6:24532. [PMID: 27076211 PMCID: PMC4830973 DOI: 10.1038/srep24532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2016] [Accepted: 03/30/2016] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Exhaled carbon monoxide (eCO) and fractional exhaled nitric oxide (FeNO) could reflect underlying inflammatory and oxidative stresses, which play important roles in pathogenetic pathways of metabolic syndrome (MetS). However, epidemiologic evidence was limited. We conducted a study in Wuhan-Zhuhai (WHZH) cohort of 3649 community participants to investigate the association between eCO, FeNO and MetS in both cross-sectional and prospective ways. The results showed that higher eCO and FeNO were associated cross-sectionally with a higher prevalence of MetS. The multivariable-adjusted odds ratios for MetS at baseline were 1.22 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.11 to 1.35) associated with per log eCO and 1.14 (95% CI: 1.00 to 1.30) associated with per log FeNO. During a follow-up of 3 years, 358/2181 new developed MetS cases were identified. Compared with lowest quartile of eCO and FeNO, the multivariable-adjusted risk ratios (95% CI) for MetS were 1.48 (1.06 to 2.06) related to the highest quartile of eCO. These findings remained consistent across sex but not smoking status, eCO was only associated with MetS in non-smokers when stratified by smoking status. In conclusion, our study demonstrated that eCO and FeNO were independently and positively associated with the prevalence of MetS cross-sectionally, while only eCO was positively related with the incidence of MetS prospectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanjun Guo
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,Key Laboratory of Environment and Health in Ministry of Education &Ministry of Environmental Protection, State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Jixuan Ma
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,Key Laboratory of Environment and Health in Ministry of Education &Ministry of Environmental Protection, State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Wei Lu
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,Key Laboratory of Environment and Health in Ministry of Education &Ministry of Environmental Protection, State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Jintong He
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,Key Laboratory of Environment and Health in Ministry of Education &Ministry of Environmental Protection, State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Runbo Zhang
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,Key Laboratory of Environment and Health in Ministry of Education &Ministry of Environmental Protection, State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Jing Yuan
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,Key Laboratory of Environment and Health in Ministry of Education &Ministry of Environmental Protection, State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Weihong Chen
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,Key Laboratory of Environment and Health in Ministry of Education &Ministry of Environmental Protection, State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
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18
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Zhou S, Behrooz L, Weitzman M, Pan G, Vilcassim R, Mirowsky JE, Breysee P, Rule A, Gordon T. Secondhand hookah smoke: an occupational hazard for hookah bar employees. Tob Control 2016; 26:40-45. [PMID: 26811352 DOI: 10.1136/tobaccocontrol-2015-052505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2015] [Revised: 12/01/2015] [Accepted: 12/09/2015] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Despite the increasing popularity of hookah bars, there is a lack of research assessing the health effects of hookah smoke among employees. This study investigated indoor air quality in hookah bars and the health effects of secondhand hookah smoke on hookah bar workers. METHODS Air samples were collected during the work shift of 10 workers in hookah bars in New York City (NYC). Air measurements of fine particulate matter (PM2.5), fine black carbon (BC2.5), carbon monoxide (CO), and nicotine were collected during each work shift. Blood pressure and heart rate, markers of active smoking and secondhand smoke exposure (exhaled CO and saliva cotinine levels), and selected inflammatory cytokines in blood (ineterleukin (IL)-1b, IL-6, IL-8, interferon γ (IFN-γ), tumour necrosis factor (TNF-α)) were assessed in workers immediately prior to and immediately after their work shift. RESULTS The PM2.5 (gravimetric) and BC2.5 concentrations in indoor air varied greatly among the work shifts with mean levels of 363.8 µg/m3 and 2.2 µg/m3, respectively. The mean CO level was 12.9 ppm with a peak value of 22.5 ppm CO observed in one hookah bar. While heart rate was elevated by 6 bpm after occupational exposure, this change was not statistically significant. Levels of inflammatory cytokines in blood were all increased at postshift compared to preshift testing with IFN-Υ increasing from 0.85 (0.13) to 1.6 (0.25) (mean (standard error of the mean; SEM)) pg/mL (p<0.01). Exhaled CO levels were significantly elevated after the work shift with 2 of 10 workers having values >90 ppm exhaled CO. CONCLUSIONS These results demonstrate that hookah bars have elevated concentrations of indoor air pollutants that appear to cause adverse health effects in employees. These data indicate the need for further research and a marked need for better air quality monitoring and policies in such establishments to improve the indoor air quality for workers and patrons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sherry Zhou
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan School of Medicine, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | | | - Michael Weitzman
- Department of Pediatrics, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA.,Department of Environmental Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA.,NYU College of Global Public Health, New York, New York, USA
| | - Grace Pan
- Department of Environmental Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA
| | - Ruzmyn Vilcassim
- Department of Environmental Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA
| | | | - Patrick Breysee
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Ana Rule
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Terry Gordon
- Department of Environmental Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA.,NYU College of Global Public Health, New York, New York, USA
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19
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Kim JH, Katoch A, Kim HW, Kim SS. Realization of ppm-level CO detection with exceptionally high sensitivity using reduced graphene oxide-loaded SnO2 nanofibers with simultaneous Au functionalization. Chem Commun (Camb) 2016; 52:3832-5. [DOI: 10.1039/c5cc10482c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
We have realized the highly sensitive, selective ppm-level carbon monoxide (CO) detection based on graphene oxide (RGO) nanosheets-loaded SnO2 nanofibers with simultaneous Au functionalization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jae-Hun Kim
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering
- Inha University
- Incheon 402-751
- Republic of Korea
| | - Akash Katoch
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering
- Inha University
- Incheon 402-751
- Republic of Korea
| | - Hyoun Woo Kim
- Division of Materials Science and Engineering
- Hanayng University
- Seoul
- Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Sub Kim
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering
- Inha University
- Incheon 402-751
- Republic of Korea
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20
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Cameli P, Bargagli E, Fossi A, Bennett D, Voltolini L, Refini R, Gotti G, Rottoli P. Exhaled nitric oxide and carbon monoxide in lung transplanted patients. Respir Med 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.rmed.2015.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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21
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Dove RE, Leong-Smith P, Roos-Engstrand E, Pourazar J, Shah M, Behndig AF, Mudway IS, Blomberg A. Cigarette smoke-induced induction of antioxidant enzyme activities in airway leukocytes is absent in active smokers with COPD. Eur Clin Respir J 2015; 2:27837. [PMID: 26557249 PMCID: PMC4629722 DOI: 10.3402/ecrj.v2.27837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2015] [Revised: 06/17/2015] [Accepted: 06/18/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Oxidative injury to the airway has been proposed as an important underlying mechanism in the pathogenesis of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). As the extent of oxidant-mediated damage is dependent on the endogenous antioxidant defences within the airways, we examined whether COPD was associated with deficiencies in the antioxidant network within the respiratory tract lining fluids (RTLFs) and resident airway leukocytes. We hypothesised that COPD would be associated with both basal depression of antioxidant defences and impaired adaptive antioxidant responses to cigarette smoke. METHODS Low molecular weight and enzymatic antioxidants together with metal-handling proteins were quantified in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid and airway leukocytes, derived from current (n=9) and ex-smoking COPD patients (n=15), as well as from smokers with normal lung function (n=16) and healthy never smokers (n=13). RESULTS Current cigarette smoking was associated with an increase in ascorbate and glutathione within peripheral RTLFs in both smokers with normal lung function compared with healthy never smokers and in COPD smokers compared with COPD ex-smokers. In contrast, intra-cellular antioxidant enzyme activities (glutathione peroxidase, glutathione reductase, and catalase) were only up-regulated in smokers with normal lung function compared with healthy never smokers and not in actively smoking COPD patients relative to COPD ex-smokers. CONCLUSIONS We found no evidence of impaired basal antioxidant defences, within either the RTLFs or airway leukocytes in stable ex-smoking COPD patients compared with healthy never smoking controls. Current cigarette smoking induced an up-regulation of low molecular weight antioxidants in the RTLFs of both control subjects with normal lung function and patients with COPD. Importantly, the present data demonstrated a cigarette smoke-induced increase in intra-cellular antioxidant enzyme activities only within the smokers with normal lung function, implying that patients with COPD who continue to smoke will experience enhanced oxidative stress, prompting disease progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosamund E. Dove
- Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Division of Medicine/Respiratory Medicine and Allergy, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
- MRC-PHE Centre for Environment and Health, School of Biomedical Sciences, Kings College London, London, UK
| | - Pheneatia Leong-Smith
- MRC-PHE Centre for Environment and Health, School of Biomedical Sciences, Kings College London, London, UK
| | - Ester Roos-Engstrand
- Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Division of Medicine/Respiratory Medicine and Allergy, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Jamshid Pourazar
- Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Division of Medicine/Respiratory Medicine and Allergy, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Mittal Shah
- MRC-PHE Centre for Environment and Health, School of Biomedical Sciences, Kings College London, London, UK
| | - Annelie F. Behndig
- Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Division of Medicine/Respiratory Medicine and Allergy, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Ian S. Mudway
- MRC-PHE Centre for Environment and Health, School of Biomedical Sciences, Kings College London, London, UK
| | - Anders Blomberg
- Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Division of Medicine/Respiratory Medicine and Allergy, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
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Mirowsky J, Gordon T. Noninvasive effects measurements for air pollution human studies: methods, analysis, and implications. JOURNAL OF EXPOSURE SCIENCE & ENVIRONMENTAL EPIDEMIOLOGY 2015; 25:354-80. [PMID: 25605444 PMCID: PMC6659729 DOI: 10.1038/jes.2014.93] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2014] [Revised: 09/26/2014] [Accepted: 11/05/2014] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Human exposure studies, compared with cell and animal models, are heavily relied upon to study the associations between health effects in humans and air pollutant inhalation. Human studies vary in exposure methodology, with some work conducted in controlled settings, whereas other studies are conducted in ambient environments. Human studies can also vary in the health metrics explored, as there exists a myriad of health effect end points commonly measured. In this review, we compiled mini reviews of the most commonly used noninvasive health effect end points that are suitable for panel studies of air pollution, broken into cardiovascular end points, respiratory end points, and biomarkers of effect from biological specimens. Pertinent information regarding each health end point and the suggested methods for mobile collection in the field are assessed. In addition, the clinical implications for each health end point are summarized, along with the factors identified that can modify each measurement. Finally, the important research findings regarding each health end point and air pollutant exposures were reviewed. It appeared that most of the adverse health effects end points explored were found to positively correlate with pollutant levels, although differences in study design, pollutants measured, and study population were found to influence the magnitude of these effects. Thus, this review is intended to act as a guide for researchers interested in conducting human exposure studies of air pollutants while in the field, although there can be a wider application for using these end points in many epidemiological study designs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaime Mirowsky
- Department of Environmental Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, Nelson Institute of Environmental Medicine, Tuxedo, New York, USA
| | - Terry Gordon
- Department of Environmental Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, Nelson Institute of Environmental Medicine, Tuxedo, New York, USA
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23
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McClendon CJ, Gerald CL, Waterman JT. Farm animal models of organic dust exposure and toxicity: insights and implications for respiratory health. Curr Opin Allergy Clin Immunol 2015; 15:137-44. [PMID: 25636160 PMCID: PMC4783132 DOI: 10.1097/aci.0000000000000143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Modern food animal production is a major contributor to the global economy, owing to advanced intensive indoor production facilities aimed at increasing market readiness and profit. Consequences of these advances are accumulation of dusts, gases, and microbial products that diminish air quality within production facilities. Chronic inhalation exposure contributes to onset and exacerbation of respiratory symptoms and diseases in animals and workers. This article reviews literature regarding constituents of farm animal production facility dusts, animal responses to production building and organic dust exposure, and the effect of chronic inhalation exposure on pulmonary oxidative stress and inflammation. RECENT FINDINGS Porcine models of production facility and organic dust exposures reveal striking similarities to observations of human cells, tissues, and clinical data. Oxidative stress plays a key role in mediating respiratory diseases in animals and humans, and enhancement of antioxidant levels through nutritional supplements can improve respiratory health. SUMMARY Pigs are well adapted to the exposures common to swine production buildings and thus serve as excellent models for facility workers. Insight for understanding mechanisms governing organic dust associated respiratory diseases may come from parallel comparisons between farmers and the animals they raise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chakia J. McClendon
- Department of Animal Sciences, North Carolina Agricultural and Technical State University, Greensboro, NC
- Department of Energy and Environmental Systems, North Carolina Agricultural and Technical State University, Greensboro, NC
| | - Carresse L. Gerald
- Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE
| | - Jenora T. Waterman
- Department of Animal Sciences, North Carolina Agricultural and Technical State University, Greensboro, NC
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Durmaz D, Göksu E, Kılıç T, Özbudak Ö, Eray O. The Role of Nitric Oxide In Predicting Revisit of Patients With Exacerbated Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease. J Emerg Med 2015; 48:247-53. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jemermed.2014.06.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2013] [Revised: 02/24/2014] [Accepted: 06/30/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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25
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Choi SJ, Kim SJ, Koo WT, Cho HJ, Kim ID. Catalyst-loaded porous WO3 nanofibers using catalyst-decorated polystyrene colloid templates for detection of biomarker molecules. Chem Commun (Camb) 2015; 51:2609-12. [DOI: 10.1039/c4cc09725d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A new facile catalyst loading method assisted by layer-by-layer self-assembly as well as pore formation on electrospun nanofibers (NFs) can generate in-depth research for establishing high performance gas sensing composites by exploring diverse catalyst-loaded porous NF composites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seon-Jin Choi
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering
- Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST)
- Daejeon 305–701
- Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Joon Kim
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering
- Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST)
- Daejeon 305–701
- Republic of Korea
| | - Won-Tae Koo
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering
- Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST)
- Daejeon 305–701
- Republic of Korea
| | - Hee-Jin Cho
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering
- Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST)
- Daejeon 305–701
- Republic of Korea
| | - Il-Doo Kim
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering
- Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST)
- Daejeon 305–701
- Republic of Korea
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26
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Coates J, Ybarra N, El Naqa I. Non-invasive whole-body plethysmograph for assessment and prediction of radiation-induced lung injury using simultaneously acquired nitric oxide and lung volume measurements. Physiol Meas 2014; 35:1737-50. [PMID: 25119582 DOI: 10.1088/0967-3334/35/9/1737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Radiation-induced lung injury (RILI) is a prevalent side effect in patients who undergo thoracic irradiation as part of their cancer treatment. Preclinical studies play a major role in understanding disease onset under controlled experimental conditions. The aim of this work is to develop a single-chambered optimized, non-invasive, whole-body plethysmograph prototype for unrestrained small animal lung volume measurements for preclinical RILI studies. The system is also designed to simultaneously obtain nitric oxide (NO) measurements of the expired breath. The device prototype was tested using computer simulations, phantom studies and in vivo measurements in experimental animal models of RILI. The system was found to improve resemblance to true breathing signal characteristics as measured by improved skewness (21.83%) and kurtosis (51.94%) in addition to increased overall signal sensitivity (3.61%) of the acquired breath signal, when compared to matching control data. NO concentration data was combined with breath measurements in order to predict early RILI onset. The system was evaluated using serial weekly measurements in hemi-thorax irradiated rats (n = 8) yielding a classification performance of 50.0%, 62.5%, 87.5% using lung volume only, NO only, and combined measurements of both, respectively. Our results indicate that improved performance could be achieved when measurements of lung volume are combined with those of NO. This would provide the overall plethysmography system with the ability to provide useful diagnostic and prognostic information for preclinical and, potentially, clinical thoracic dose escalation studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- James Coates
- Department of Oncology, Medical Physics Unit, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
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Jesenak M, Banovcin P, Havlicekova Z, Dobrota D, Babusikova E. Factors influencing the levels of exhaled carbon monoxide in asthmatic children. J Asthma 2014; 51:900-6. [PMID: 24945941 DOI: 10.3109/02770903.2014.936448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Bronchial asthma is characterised by chronic airway inflammation commonly associated with increased oxidative stress. Exhaled carbon monoxide (eCO) levels could act as markers of both oxidative stress and allergic inflammation. We aimed to study eCO levels in asthmatics and detect the possible factors influencing them. METHODS We studied 241 asthmatic children and 75 healthy children. The differences in eCO levels among various asthmatic phenotypes and the correlations between eCO and other measured parameters (spirometric indices, Asthma Control Test score, exhaled nitric oxide, total IgE, blood eosinophils and marker of oxidative damage of proteins) were analysed. RESULTS Levels of eCO widely differed according to the selected characteristics of asthma. Asthmatics showed higher eCO concentrations than controls (1.44 ± 0.12 ppm vs. 0.91 ± 0.11 ppm, p < 0.001). Acute exacerbation of asthma was accompanied by a significant increase in eCO compared to the clinically controlled stage (2.17 ± 0.36 ppm vs. 1.33 ± 0.13 ppm, p < 0.001). Atopic, non-atopic asthma and asthma associated with allergic rhinitis (AR) showed elevated levels of eCO. The levels of eCO negatively correlated with the marker of protein oxidation in asthmatics, especially in atopic form and during acute exacerbation. CONCLUSIONS In a population of asthmatic children, eCO levels could be considered as a marker of both allergic inflammation and oxidative stress in the airways. Concomitant AR and asthma control were the most important factors affecting the levels of eCO in asthmatic children. However, our results do not support the use of routine eCO in the clinical practice.
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Eppler AR, Fitzgerald C, Dorner SC, Aguilar-Villalobos M, Rathbun SL, Adetona O, Naeher LP. Using exhaled carbon monoxide and carboxyhemoglobin to evaluate the effectiveness of a chimney stove model in Peru. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF OCCUPATIONAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH 2014; 19:325-31. [PMID: 24588039 DOI: 10.1179/2049396713y.0000000039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Measurement of biological indicators of physiological change may be useful in evaluating the effectiveness of stove models, which are intended to reduce indoor smoke exposure and potential health effects. OBJECTIVES We examined changes in exhaled carbon monoxide (CO), percentage carboxy-hemoglobin, and total hemoglobin in response to the installation of a chimney stove model by the Juntos National Program in Huayatan, Peru in 2008. METHODS Biomarkers were measured in a convenience sample comprising 35 women who met requirements for participation, and were measured before and three weeks after installation of a chimney stove. The relationships between exposure to indoor smoke and biomarker measurements were also analyzed using simple linear regression models. RESULTS Exhaled CO reduced from 6.71 ppm (95% CI 5.84-7.71) to 3.14 ppm (95% CI 2.77-3.66) three weeks after stove installation (P < 0.001) while % COHb reduced from 1.76% (95% CI 1.62-1.91) to 1.18% (95% CI 1.12-1.25; P < 0.001). Changes in exhaled CO and % COHb from pre- to post-chimney stove installation were not correlated with corresponding changes in exposure to CO and PM2.5 even though the exposures also reduced after stove installation. CONCLUSION Exhaled CO and % COHb both showed improvement with reduction in concentration after the installation of the chimney cook stoves, indicating a positive physiological response subsequent to the intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam R Eppler
- The University of Georgia, College of Public Health, Department of Environmental Health Science, Athens, Georgia, USA
| | - Christopher Fitzgerald
- The University of Georgia, College of Public Health, Department of Environmental Health Science, Athens, Georgia, USA
| | - Stephen C Dorner
- The University of Georgia, College of Public Health, Department of Environmental Health Science, Athens, Georgia, USA
| | | | - Stephen L Rathbun
- The University of Georgia, College of Public Health, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Athens, Georgia, USA
| | - Olorunfemi Adetona
- The University of Georgia, College of Public Health, Department of Environmental Health Science, Athens, Georgia, USA
| | - Luke P Naeher
- The University of Georgia, College of Public Health, Department of Environmental Health Science, Athens, Georgia, USA
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Choi SJ, Jang BH, Lee SJ, Min BK, Rothschild A, Kim ID. Selective detection of acetone and hydrogen sulfide for the diagnosis of diabetes and halitosis using SnO(2) nanofibers functionalized with reduced graphene oxide nanosheets. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2014; 6:2588-97. [PMID: 24456186 DOI: 10.1021/am405088q] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Sensitive detection of acetone and hydrogen sulfide levels in exhaled human breath, serving as breath markers for some diseases such as diabetes and halitosis, may offer useful information for early diagnosis of these diseases. Exhaled breath analyzers using semiconductor metal oxide (SMO) gas sensors have attracted much attention because they offer low cost fabrication, miniaturization, and integration into portable devices for noninvasive medical diagnosis. However, SMO gas sensors often display cross sensitivity to interfering species. Therefore, selective real-time detection of specific disease markers is a major challenge that must be overcome to ensure reliable breath analysis. In this work, we report on highly sensitive and selective acetone and hydrogen sulfide detection achieved by sensitizing electrospun SnO2 nanofibers with reduced graphene oxide (RGO) nanosheets. SnO2 nanofibers mixed with a small amount (0.01 wt %) of RGO nanosheets exhibited sensitive response to hydrogen sulfide (Rair/Rgas = 34 at 5 ppm) at 200 °C, whereas sensitive acetone detection (Rair/Rgas = 10 at 5 ppm) was achieved by increasing the RGO loading to 5 wt % and raising the operation temperature to 350 °C. The detection limit of these sensors is predicted to be as low as 1 ppm for hydrogen sulfide and 100 ppb for acetone, respectively. These concentrations are much lower than in the exhaled breath of healthy people. This demonstrates that optimization of the RGO loading and the operation temperature of RGO-SnO2 nanocomposite gas sensors enables highly sensitive and selective detection of breath markers for the diagnosis of diabetes and halitosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seon-Jin Choi
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology , 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 305-701, Republic of Korea
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Biomarkers in Exhaled Breath Condensate and Serum of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease and Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer. Int J Chronic Dis 2013; 2013:578613. [PMID: 26464846 PMCID: PMC4590922 DOI: 10.1155/2013/578613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2013] [Accepted: 07/08/2013] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and lung cancer are leading causes of deaths worldwide which are associated with chronic inflammation and oxidative stress. Lung cancer, in particular, has a very high mortality rate due to the characteristically late diagnosis. As such, identification of novel biomarkers which allow for early diagnosis of these diseases could improve outcome and survival rate. Markers of oxidative stress in exhaled breath condensate (EBC) are examples of potential diagnostic markers for both COPD and non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC). They may even be useful in monitoring treatment response. In the serum, S100A8, S100A9, and S100A12 of the S100 proteins are proinflammatory markers. They have been indicated in several inflammatory diseases and cancers including secondary metastasis into the lung. It is highly likely that they not only have the potential to be diagnostic biomarkers for NSCLC but also prognostic indicators and therapeutic targets.
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Abstract
Carbon monoxide (CO), a low molecular weight gas, is a ubiquitous environmental product of organic combustion, which is also produced endogenously in the body, as the byproduct of heme metabolism. CO binds to hemoglobin, resulting in decreased oxygen delivery to bodily tissues at toxicological concentrations. At physiological concentrations, CO may have endogenous roles as a potential signaling mediator in vascular function and cellular homeostasis. Exhaled CO (eCO), similar to exhaled nitric oxide (eNO), has been evaluated as a candidate breath biomarker of pathophysiological states, including smoking status, and inflammatory diseases of the lung and other organs. eCO values have been evaluated as potential indicators of inflammation in asthma, stable COPD and exacerbations, cystic fibrosis, lung cancer, or during surgery or critical care. The utility of eCO as a marker of inflammation and its potential diagnostic value remain incompletely characterized. Among other candidate 'medicinal gases' with therapeutic potential, (e.g., NO and H2S), CO has been shown to act as an effective anti-inflammatory agent in preclinical animal models of inflammatory disease, acute lung injury, sepsis, ischemia/reperfusion injury and organ graft rejection. Current and future clinical trials will evaluate the clinical applicability of this gas as a biomarker and/or therapeutic in human disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan W Ryter
- Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 75 Francis Street, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
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32
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Breath biomarkers in diagnosis of pulmonary diseases. Clin Chim Acta 2012; 413:1770-80. [PMID: 22796631 DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2012.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2012] [Revised: 05/20/2012] [Accepted: 07/05/2012] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Breath analysis provides a convenient and simple alternative to traditional specimen testing in clinical laboratory diagnosis. As such, substantial research has been devoted to the analysis and identification of breath biomarkers. Development of new analytes enhances the desirability of breath analysis especially for patients who monitor daily biochemical parameters. Elucidating the physiologic significance of volatile substances in breath is essential for clinical use. This review describes the use of breath biomarkers in diagnosis of asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), cystic fibrosis (CF), lung cancer, as well as other pulmonary diseases. A number of breath biomarkers in lung pathophysiology will be described including nitric oxide (NO), carbon monoxide (CO), hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂) and other hydrocarbons.
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Yamamoto S, Okazaki M, Yamane M, Miyoshi K, Otani S, Kakishita T, Yoshida O, Waki N, Toyooka S, Oto T, Sano Y, Miyoshi S. Peculiar mechanisms of graft recovery through anti-inflammatory responses after rat lung transplantation from donation after cardiac death. Transpl Immunol 2012; 26:133-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trim.2011.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2011] [Revised: 10/03/2011] [Accepted: 11/04/2011] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Mikami M, Takahashi I, Matsuzaka M, Danjo K, Yamai K, Inoue R, Iwane K, Umeda T, Nakaji S. The relationship between exhaled carbon monoxide and human neutrophil function in the Japanese general population. LUMINESCENCE 2011; 26:162-6. [PMID: 21681908 DOI: 10.1002/bio.1199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2009] [Revised: 12/04/2009] [Accepted: 01/11/2010] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
We have evaluated the relationship between exhaled carbon monoxide (CO) level and neutrophil-related functions such as reactive oxygen species (ROS) production capability, phagocytic activity and serum opsonic activity in the general population. Serum opsonic activity was determined by measuring the effects of serum on neutrophil ROS production capability using lucigenin- and luminol-dependent chemiluminescence (LgCL, LmCL). LgCL is associated with the detection of O(2)(-) , whereas LmCL mainly detects H(2)O(2) and HOCl, which are higher reactive oxygen radicals. In females, exhaled CO level was found to have positive associations with ROS production capability and LgCL. However, the opposite tendency was seen between exhaled CO level and LmCL in both genders. This result suggests that neutrophil ROS production in females may have contributed to oxidative stress, which led to the increases in intrinsic CO and exhaled CO consequently. Such changes then may have inhibited the process of changing reactive oxygen radicals into higher oxidizing potential levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Makoto Mikami
- Department of Social Medicine, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, Hirosaki, 036-8562 Aomori, Japan
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Hanaoka M, Droma Y, Chen Y, Agatsuma T, Kitaguchi Y, Voelkel NF, Kubo K. Carbocisteine Protects Against Emphysema Induced by Cigarette Smoke Extract in Rats. Chest 2011; 139:1101-1108. [DOI: 10.1378/chest.10-0920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022] Open
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Antus B. [Role of exhaled nitric oxide in predicting steroid response in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease]. Orv Hetil 2011; 151:2083-8. [PMID: 21147678 DOI: 10.1556/oh.2010.28972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Exhaled nitric oxide is the most extensively studied exhaled biomarker. In patients with stable chronic obstructive pulmonary disease exhaled nitric oxide level appears to be normal or only slightly elevated. As exhaled nitric oxide is a good surrogate marker for eosinophilic airway inflammation and eosinophilic inflammation is steroid responsive, patients with elevated exhaled nitric oxide levels may benefit more from a short course of inhaled or systemic corticosteroid treatment. In acute exacerbation most studies report elevated exhaled nitric oxide levels that decrease along with treatment. More importantly, exhaled nitric oxide levels at exacerbation correlate with functional improvements after treatment suggesting the possibility of a role for exhaled nitric oxide in predicting the response to treatment. In conclusion, assessment of airway inflammation using exhaled nitric oxide may identify a subgroup of patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease that is likely to benefit from corticosteroid treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Balázs Antus
- Országos Korányi Tbc és Pulmonológiai Intézet Kórélettani Osztály Budapest Pihenő út 1. 1529.
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38
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Validation of the respiratory toxics exposure score (RTES) for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease screening. Int J Occup Med Environ Health 2011; 24:339-47. [DOI: 10.2478/s13382-011-0043-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2011] [Accepted: 09/12/2011] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
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Chatkin G, Chatkin JM, Aued G, Petersen GO, Jeremias ET, Thiesen FV. Evaluation of the exhaled carbon monoxide levels in smokers with COPD. J Bras Pneumol 2010; 36:332-8. [PMID: 20625671 DOI: 10.1590/s1806-37132010000300011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2009] [Accepted: 01/27/2010] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To measure exhaled carbon monoxide (COex) levels in smokers with and without COPD. METHODS Smokers treated at outpatient clinics of São Lucas Hospital in the city of Porto Alegre, Brazil, between September of 2007 and March of 2009 were invited to participate in this study. The participants completed a questionnaire regarding demographic and epidemiologic characteristics and were submitted to spirometry, as well as to determination of COex and urinary cotinine levels. The participants were divided into two groups: those with COPD and those without COPD. RESULTS The study involved 294 smokers, of whom 174 (59.18%) had been diagnosed with COPD. All of the participants presented with urinary cotinine levels > 50 ng/mL. Smokers with COPD presented significantly higher median values for age and pack-years than did those without COPD (p < 0.001 and p = 0.026, respectively). No other statistically significant differences were found. When adjusted for gender, age at smoking onset, number of cigarettes/day and urinary cotinine level, the mean values of COex were higher, but not statistically so, in the COPD group than in the non-COPD group (17.8 +/- 0.6 ppm and 16.6 +/- 0.7 ppm, respectively; p = 0.200). The differences remained nonsignificant when plotted logarithmically. A wide dispersion of COex values was found when the participants were classified by FEV1 level (r = -0.06; p = 0.53) or by Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease classification (r = 0.08; p = 0.34). The proportions of false-negative results for smoking were 18.4% and 6.7%, respectively, in the COPD and non-COPD groups (p = 0.007). CONCLUSIONS Since COex values did not differ significantly between smokers with COPD and those without, there seem to be no major contraindications to their use in smokers with COPD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gustavo Chatkin
- Department of Pulmonology, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul - PUCRS, Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul - São Lucas Hospital, Porto Alegre, Brazil.
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40
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Gajdócsy R, Horváth I. Exhaled carbon monoxide in airway diseases: from research findings to clinical relevance. J Breath Res 2010; 4:047102. [PMID: 21383489 DOI: 10.1088/1752-7155/4/4/047102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Breath tests have gained increasing interest in recent years mainly driven by the unmet clinical need to monitor airway diseases and to obtain information of unravelled aspects of respiratory disorders. Carbon monoxide is present in the exhaled breath and has been suggested to reflect ongoing oxidative stress, even if there are some confounding factors limiting its clinical usefulness. Increased concentration of exhaled carbon monoxide has been demonstrated in different acute and chronic airway diseases including allergic rhinitis, asthma, bronchiectasis, and post transplant bronchiolitis obliterans syndrome. Although exhaled carbon monoxide might not prove as a clinically useful biomarker of airway diseases, its measurement has helped to understand the place of heme oxygenase activity in allergic and non-allergic airway diseases. The scope of this review is the exciting field of exhaled carbon monoxide in airway diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Réka Gajdócsy
- Department of Pulmonology, National Koranyi Institute for Pulmonology, Budapest, Hungary
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42
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Lin JL, Thomas PS. Current perspectives of oxidative stress and its measurement in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. COPD 2010; 7:291-306. [PMID: 20673039 DOI: 10.3109/15412555.2010.496818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Cigarette smoking, the principal aetiology of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) in the developed countries, delivers and generates oxidative stress within the lungs. This imbalance of oxidant burden and antioxidant capacity has been implicated as an important contributing factor in the pathogenesis of COPD. Oxidative processes and free radical generation orchestrate the inflammation, mucous gland hyperplasia, and apoptosis of the airway lining epithelium which characterises COPD. Pivotal oxidative stress/pro-inflammatory molecules include reactive oxygen species such as the superoxides and hydroxyl radicals, pro-inflammatory cytokines including leukotrienes, interleukins, tumour necrosis factor alpha, and activated transcriptional factors such as nuclear factor kappa-B and activator protein 1. The lung has a large reserve of antioxidant agents such as glutathione and superoxide dismutase to counter oxidants. However, smoking also causes the depletion of antioxidants, which further contributes to oxidative tissue damage. The downregulation of antioxidant pathways has also been associated with acute exacerbations of COPD. The delivery of redox-protective antioxidants may have preventative and therapeutic potential of COPD. Although these observations have yet to translate into common clinical practice, preliminary clinical trials and studies of animal models have shown that interventions to counter this oxidative imbalance may have potential to better manage COPD. There is, thus, a need for the ability to monitor such interventions and exhaled breath condensate is rapidly emerging as a novel and noninvasive approach in the sampling of airway epithelial lining fluid which could be used for repeated analysis of oxidative stress and inflammation in the lungs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiun-Lih Lin
- University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia.
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43
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Kastelijn EA, Rijkers GT, Van Moorsel CH, Zanen P, Kwakkel-van Erp JM, Van De Graaf EA, Van Kessel DA, Grutters JC, Van Den Bosch JM. Systemic and exhaled cytokine and chemokine profiles are associated with the development of bronchiolitis obliterans syndrome. J Heart Lung Transplant 2010; 29:997-1008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.healun.2010.04.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2009] [Revised: 04/13/2010] [Accepted: 04/28/2010] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
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Mitchell LA, Channell MM, Royer CM, Ryter SW, Choi AMK, McDonald JD. Evaluation of inhaled carbon monoxide as an anti-inflammatory therapy in a nonhuman primate model of lung inflammation. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2010; 299:L891-7. [PMID: 20729385 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00366.2009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Carbon monoxide (CO) confers anti-inflammatory protection in rodent models of lung injury when applied at low concentration. Translation of these findings to clinical therapies for pulmonary inflammation requires validation in higher mammals. We have evaluated the efficacy of inhaled CO in reducing LPS-induced lung inflammation in cynomolgus macaques. LPS inhalation resulted in profound neutrophil influx and moderate increases in airway lymphocytes, which returned to baseline levels within 2 wk following exposure. CO exposure (500 ppm, 6 h) following LPS inhalation decreased TNF-α release in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid but did not affect IL-6 or IL-8 release. Lower concentrations of CO (250 ppm, 6 h) did not reduce pulmonary neutrophilia. Pretreatment with budesonide, a currently used inhaled corticosteroid, decreased LPS-induced expression of TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-8, and reduced LPS-induced neutrophilia by ∼84%. In comparison, CO inhalation (500 ppm, for 6 h after LPS exposure) reduced neutrophilia by ∼67%. Thus, inhaled CO was nearly as efficacious as pretreatment with an inhaled corticosteroid at reducing airway neutrophil influx in cynomolgus macaques. However, the therapeutic efficacy of CO required relatively high doses (500 ppm) that resulted in high carboxyhemoglobin (COHb) levels (>30%). Lower CO concentrations (250 ppm), associated with anti-inflammatory protection in rodents, were ineffective in cynomolgus macaques and also yielded relatively high COHb levels. These studies highlight the complexity of interspecies variation of dose-response relationships of CO to COHb levels and to the anti-inflammatory functions of CO. The findings of this study warrant further investigations for assessing the therapeutic application of CO in nonhuman primate models of tissue injury and in human diseases. The study also suggests that akin to many new therapies in human diseases, the translation of CO therapy to human disease will require additional extensive and rigorous proof-of-concept studies in humans in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leah A Mitchell
- Lovelace Respiratory Research Institute, Albuquerque, NM 87108, USA
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Owens EO. Endogenous carbon monoxide production in disease. Clin Biochem 2010; 43:1183-8. [PMID: 20655892 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinbiochem.2010.07.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2010] [Revised: 06/23/2010] [Accepted: 07/14/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Carbon monoxide (CO) in tissues and cells can originate from inhalation of CO or endogenously. Endogenous production, carboxyhemoglobin (COHb) formation, and exhaled CO levels are influenced by physiological factors, including disease. It is suggested that endogenous CO production can be used as a biomarker for oxidative and inflammatory processes. Also, endogenous CO can contribute to increased body burden of CO, which may both disrupt normal CO signaling cascades and increase the risk of CO toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth Oesterling Owens
- National Center for Environmental Assessment, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 109 TW Alexander Drive, Mailcode B-243-01, Research Triangle Park, NC 27711, USA.
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46
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Abstract
Although there is increasing interest in using pulmonary biomarkers for a more complete and clinically relevant assessment of COPD and a plethora of biomarkers are becoming available, there is little information regarding their reproducibility and correlation with other outcome measurements in COPD. The lack of well-validated biomarkers that can be used for monitoring disease activity, predicting future clinical outcomes and the effect of therapeutic interventions highlights the factual need to identify new biomarkers in COPD. It is likely that, using what is called 'integrative functional informatics', which is a novel direction in the interfacing and integration of different technologies (genomics, proteomics, metabolomics and metabonomics, pharmacogenetics, and integrative approaches) for collection and analysis of data on biomarkers, we will be able to identify robust, reliable, and reproducible biomarkers in COPD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mario Cazzola
- Department of Internal Medicine, Respiratory Clinical Pharmacology Unit, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy.
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Gelb AF, Flynn Taylor C, Krishnan A, Fraser C, Shinar CM, Schein MJ, Osann K. Central and Peripheral Airway Sites of Nitric Oxide Gas Exchange in COPD. Chest 2010; 137:575-84. [DOI: 10.1378/chest.09-1522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
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Antus B, Barta I, Horvath I, Csiszer E. Relationship between exhaled nitric oxide and treatment response in COPD patients with exacerbations. Respirology 2010; 15:472-7. [PMID: 20210889 DOI: 10.1111/j.1440-1843.2010.01711.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE Fractional exhaled nitric oxide (FENO) has been implicated as a pulmonary biomarker in various respiratory diseases, including COPD. In this longitudinal study, the benefit of measuring FENO in a routine clinical setting was assessed in COPD patients hospitalized with an exacerbation of the disease. METHODS FENO, lung function and blood gases were measured in 58 COPD patients at hospital admission due to an exacerbation, and at discharge following treatment with corticosteroids and bronchodilators. RESULTS FENO levels were significantly decreased at discharge, compared with those at admission (geometric mean 25.3 ppb (95% CI: 21.2-30.1) vs 19.7 ppb (95% CI: 17.2-22.6); P = 0.002). There was a significant positive correlation between FENO concentrations at admission and the increase in FEV(1) after treatment (r = 0.441, P < 0.001), and a significant inverse correlation between FENO values at admission and the mean length of hospital stay (r = -0.297, P = 0.016). Using receiver operating characteristic curve analysis, the optimum cut point for FENO as a predictor for significant increase in FEV(1) was 26.8 ppb (sensitivity: 74%, specificity: 75%). There were no correlations between FENO levels and absolute values for lung function variables at admission or discharge. CONCLUSIONS These data suggest that FENO levels determined at hospital admission may predict the overall response to treatment in COPD patients with acute exacerbations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Balazs Antus
- Department of Pathophysiology, National Koranyi Institute for TB and Pulmonology, Budapest, Hungary.
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Ghosh S, Gal J, Marczin N. Carbon monoxide: endogenous mediator, potential diagnostic and therapeutic target. Ann Med 2010; 42:1-12. [PMID: 20092397 DOI: 10.3109/07853890903482877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The primary objectives of this article are to review the potential role of carbon monoxide (CO) as an endogenous mediator, diagnostic marker for pulmonary disorders, and therapeutic target in critical illness. The review will start by focusing on the importance of the heme oxygenase (HO)-CO axis as an endogenous system as it relates to the cardiovascular and pulmonary systems. It will elucidate the influence of HO gene expression on critical events like shock, sepsis, ischemia-reperfusion and others. Our focus will then shift and look at the potential diagnostic role of exhaled CO in major inflammatory states of the lung, and finally we will highlight the activities on inhaled CO being considered as a possible therapeutic tool and the controversies surrounding it.
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Affiliation(s)
- Subhamay Ghosh
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Therapy, University of Pecs, 7624 Pecs, Hungary.
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Liu X, Salter A, Thomas P, Leigh J, Wang H. Exhaled nitric oxide levels and lung function changes of underground coal miners in Newcastle, Australia. JOURNAL OF TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH. PART A 2010; 73:437-44. [PMID: 20155584 DOI: 10.1080/15287390903486592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
The possibility of exhaled nitric oxide (eNO) in combination with lung function as a marker of airway inflammation produced by coal mining exposure was determined presuming that workers exposed to airborne hazards would possess different concentrations of eNO and decreased lung function indices, relative to control subjects recruited from the same area. The effect of smoking was also considered. A study (exposed) group comprising 186 male subjects (aged 19-58 yr) was recruited from Newcastle coal mining companies with 86 male subjects (aged 20-64 yr) from the same area, but working outside of the coal mining location, serving as controls. The parameters examined were eNO, lung function, and variables derived from an interview-administered questionnaire survey. After adjustment for age, body weight, and smoking status, no significant differences between exposed coal mining workers and controls were found for various lung function parameters. However, the exposed group was shown to have significantly lower concentrations of eNO. In the exposed group, forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV(1)), forced vital capacity (FVC), and FEV(1) (%) predicted were found to be significantly different between nonsmokers and smokers. The concentrations of eNO were not significantly different between smoking and nonsmokers within the exposed group. The consideration of nonsmokers alone showed that eNO was significantly lower in the exposed group compared to the control group. The consideration of smokers alone found that eNO was significantly lower in exposed subjects. In the exposed group, no significant association was detected between eNO levels and underground work duration but a significant negative association was shown between eNO and age. Data suggest that exposure to airborne hazards in coal mining is not significantly associated with lung function changes but is correlated with decreased eNO concentrations in exposed workers. While underground work duration was not found to be significantly associated with eNO concentrations in coal mining workers in this study, the potential for using eNO as a monitoring marker still exists and further studies are needed to establish its importance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohui Liu
- Discipline of Public Health, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
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