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Basham A, Anderson BE, Kingsley AD. Restricting angles of incidence to improve super resolution in time reversal focusing that uses metamaterial properties of a resonator array. THE JOURNAL OF THE ACOUSTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA 2024; 155:3233-3241. [PMID: 38742962 DOI: 10.1121/10.0025987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2023] [Accepted: 04/22/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024]
Abstract
Focusing waves with a spatial extent smaller than a half wavelength (i.e., super resolution or sub diffraction limit) is possible using resonators placed in the near field of time reversal (TR) focusing. While a two-dimensional (2D) Helmholtz resonator array in a three-dimensional reverberant environment has limited ability to produce a high-resolution spatial focus in the TR focusing of audible sound, it is shown that acoustic waves propagating out-of-plane with the resonator array are not as strongly affected by the smaller effective wavelength induced by the resonator array, partially negating the effect of the resonators. A physical 2D waveguide is shown to limit the out-of-plane propagation, leading to improved resolution. It is also shown that post processing using an orthogonal particle velocity decomposition of a spatial scan of the focusing can filter out-of-plane particle motion in the near field of the array, which bypasses the effect of the unwanted third spatial dimension of propagation. The spatial resolution in a reverberant environment is shown to improve in the presence of a 2D Helmholtz resonator array and then further improve by adding a 2D waveguide. The resolution among the resonator array is better still without using a waveguide and instead using the partial-pressure reconstruction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew Basham
- Acoustics Research Group, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah 84602, USA
| | - Brian E Anderson
- Acoustics Research Group, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah 84602, USA
| | - Adam D Kingsley
- Acoustics Research Group, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah 84602, USA
- RDA Inc., Warrenton, Virginia 20187, USA
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2
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Cinyol F, Baysal U, Köksal D, Babaoğlu E, Ulaşlı SS. Incorporating support vector machine to the classification of respiratory sounds by Convolutional Neural Network. Biomed Signal Process Control 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bspc.2022.104093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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3
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Cook J, Umar M, Khalili F, Taebi A. Body Acoustics for the Non-Invasive Diagnosis of Medical Conditions. Bioengineering (Basel) 2022; 9:bioengineering9040149. [PMID: 35447708 PMCID: PMC9032059 DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering9040149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2022] [Revised: 03/27/2022] [Accepted: 03/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
In the past few decades, many non-invasive monitoring methods have been developed based on body acoustics to investigate a wide range of medical conditions, including cardiovascular diseases, respiratory problems, nervous system disorders, and gastrointestinal tract diseases. Recent advances in sensing technologies and computational resources have given a further boost to the interest in the development of acoustic-based diagnostic solutions. In these methods, the acoustic signals are usually recorded by acoustic sensors, such as microphones and accelerometers, and are analyzed using various signal processing, machine learning, and computational methods. This paper reviews the advances in these areas to shed light on the state-of-the-art, evaluate the major challenges, and discuss future directions. This review suggests that rigorous data analysis and physiological understandings can eventually convert these acoustic-based research investigations into novel health monitoring and point-of-care solutions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jadyn Cook
- Department of Agricultural and Biological Engineering, Mississippi State University, 130 Creelman Street, Starkville, MS 39762, USA;
| | - Muneebah Umar
- Department of Biological Sciences, Mississippi State University, 295 Lee Blvd, Starkville, MS 39762, USA;
| | - Fardin Khalili
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Embry-Riddle Aeronautical University, 1 Aerospace Blvd, Daytona Beach, FL 32114, USA;
| | - Amirtahà Taebi
- Department of Agricultural and Biological Engineering, Mississippi State University, 130 Creelman Street, Starkville, MS 39762, USA;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-(662)-325-5987
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Hsu F, How CH, Huang SR, Chen YT, Chen JS, Hsin HT. Locating stridor caused by tumor compression by using a multichannel electronic stethoscope: a case report. J Clin Monit Comput 2020; 35:663-670. [PMID: 32388652 PMCID: PMC7224060 DOI: 10.1007/s10877-020-00517-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2019] [Accepted: 04/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
A 67-year-old male patient with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease was admitted to a hospital in northern Taiwan for progressive dyspnea and productive cough with an enlarged left upper lobe tumor (5.3 × 6.8 × 3.9 cm3). Previous chest auscultation on outpatient visits had yielded diffuse wheezes. A localized stridor (fundamental frequency of 125 Hz) was captured using a multichannel electronic stethoscope comprising four microelectromechanical system microphones. An energy-based localization algorithm was used to successfully locate the sound source of the stridor caused by tumor compression. The results of the algorithm were compatible with the findings obtained from computed tomography and bronchoscopy (mean radius = 9.40 mm and radial standard deviation = 14.97 mm). We demonstrated a potential diagnostic aid for pulmonary diseases through sound-source localization technology based on respiratory monitoring. The proposed technique can facilitate detection when advanced imaging tools are not immediately available. Continuing effort on the development of more precise estimation is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fushun Hsu
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Electronics and Bioinformatics, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Critical Care Medicine, Far Eastern Memorial Hospital, New Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Hung How
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Far Eastern Memorial Hospital, New Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shang-Ran Huang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Tsun Chen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Jin-Shing Chen
- Department of Surgery, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ho-Tsung Hsin
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Far Eastern Memorial Hospital, No. 21, Sec. 2, Nanya South Road, 22060, Banqiao, New Taipei, Taiwan.
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Ultrathin Acoustic Metasurface Holograms with Arbitrary Phase Control. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/app9173585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Holograms show great potential in optical or acoustical waves applications due to their capability to reconstruct images. In this paper, we propose a novel scheme to realize acoustic holograms based on an ultrathin metasurface with arbitrary phase control ability. Compared with the conventional imaging method, e.g., concave mirror, which has a bulky size and limited imaging effects, the acoustic metasurface comprises a single layer of Helmholtz-like elements that can largely reduce the complexity of production. With this ultrathin reflective metasurface, acoustic holograms are constructed through a subtle structure design for single and multiple focal imaging, while the potential thermoviscous effects are minimized. We further demonstrate that the metasurface has the capability of arbitrary phase control in a certain frequency range, where the reflected phase dispersion is linear. Our proposed ultrathin metasurface holograms would be very useful in numerous applications, such as acoustic sensing, medical imaging, and so on.
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Song X, Li M, Yang F, Xu S, Abubakar A. Feasibility study of acoustic imaging for human thorax using an acoustic contrast source inversion algorithm. THE JOURNAL OF THE ACOUSTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA 2018; 144:2782. [PMID: 30522278 DOI: 10.1121/1.5078590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2018] [Accepted: 10/23/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
In this work, an acoustic imaging method based on contrast source inversion and its feasibility in quantitatively reconstructing compressibility, attenuation, and density of human thorax is studied. In the acoustic wave equation, the inhomogeneity in density makes the relationship between the contrasts and the total pressure highly nonlinear. To reduce this nonlinearity, two contrast sources are introduced to ensure symmetry in the equation, such that the inverse problem can be solved efficiently by alternately updating two contrast sources and two contrasts. Moreover, to improve the stability of the algorithm, the multiplicative regularization scheme with two additive regularization factors is applied. Using this algorithm, acoustic parameters of human thorax from low frequency ultrasound measurement are reconstructed. Numerical results show that the acoustic parameters of human thorax can be properly reconstructed at frequency of tens of kHz using this algorithm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoqian Song
- State Key Laboratory on Microwave and Digital Communications, Beijing National Research Center for Information Science and Technology, Department of Electronic Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Maokun Li
- State Key Laboratory on Microwave and Digital Communications, Beijing National Research Center for Information Science and Technology, Department of Electronic Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Fan Yang
- State Key Laboratory on Microwave and Digital Communications, Beijing National Research Center for Information Science and Technology, Department of Electronic Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Shenheng Xu
- State Key Laboratory on Microwave and Digital Communications, Beijing National Research Center for Information Science and Technology, Department of Electronic Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
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Abstract
Recent developments in sensor technology and computational analysis methods enable new strategies to measure and interpret lung acoustic signals that originate internally, such as breathing or vocal sounds, or are externally introduced, such as in chest percussion or airway insonification. A better understanding of these sounds has resulted in a new instrumentation that allows for highly accurate as well as portable options for measurement in the hospital, in the clinic, and even at home. This review outlines the instrumentation for acoustic stimulation and measurement of the lungs. We first review the fundamentals of acoustic lung signals and the pathophysiology of the diseases that these signals are used to detect. Then, we focus on different methods of measuring and creating signals that have been used in recent research for pulmonary disease diagnosis. These new methods, combined with signal processing and modeling techniques, lead to a reduction in noise and allow improved feature extraction and signal classification. We conclude by presenting the results of human subject studies taking advantage of both the instrumentation and signal processing tools to accurately diagnose common lung diseases. This paper emphasizes the active areas of research within modern lung acoustics and encourages the standardization of future work in this field.
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Henry B, Royston TJ. Localization of adventitious respiratory sounds. THE JOURNAL OF THE ACOUSTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA 2018; 143:1297. [PMID: 29604685 PMCID: PMC5834319 DOI: 10.1121/1.5025842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
In a recent publication by Henry and Royston [J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 142, 1774-1783 (2017)], an algorithm was introduced to calculate the acoustic response to externally introduced and endogenous respiratory sounds within a realistic, patient-specific subglottal airway tree. This work is extended using an efficient numerical boundary element (BE) approach to calculate the resulting radiated sound field from the airway tree into the lung parenchyma taking into account the surrounding chest wall. Within the BE model of the left lung parenchyma, comprised of more than 6000 triangular surface elements, more than 30 000 monopoles are used to approximate complex airway-originated acoustic sources. The chest wall is modeled as a boundary condition on the parenchymal surface. Several cases were simulated, including a bronchoconstricted lung that had an internal acoustic source introduced in a bronchiole, approximating a wheeze. An acoustic source localization algorithm coupled to the BE model estimated the wheeze source location to within a few millimeters based solely on the acoustic field at the surface. Improved noninvasive means of locating adventitious respiratory sounds may enhance an understanding of acoustic changes correlated to pathology, and potentially provide improved noninvasive tools for the diagnosis of pulmonary diseases that uniquely alter acoustics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian Henry
- Richard and Loan Hill Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois at Chicago, 851 South Morgan Street, MC 063, Chicago, Illinois 60607, USA
| | - Thomas J Royston
- Richard and Loan Hill Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois at Chicago, 851 South Morgan Street, MC 063, Chicago, Illinois 60607, USA
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Henry B, Royston TJ. A multiscale analytical model of bronchial airway acoustics. THE JOURNAL OF THE ACOUSTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA 2017; 142:1774. [PMID: 29092575 PMCID: PMC5626572 DOI: 10.1121/1.5005497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2017] [Revised: 08/09/2017] [Accepted: 09/11/2017] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Sound transmission and resulting airway wall vibration in a complex multiscale viscoelastic model of the subglottal bronchial tree was calculated using a modified one-dimensional (1D) branching acoustic waveguide approach. This is an extension of previous work to enable use of complex airway trees that are partially derived from subject-specific medical images, without the need for self-similarity in the geometric structure. The approach was validated numerically for simplified airway geometries, as well as experimentally by comparison to previous studies. A comprehensive conducting airway tree with about 60 000 branches was then modified to create fibrotic, bronchoconstrictive, and pulmonary infiltrate conditions. The fibrotic case-systemic increase in soft tissue stiffness-increased the Helmholtz resonance frequency due to the increased acoustic impedance. Bronchoconstriction, with geometric changes in small conducting airways, decreased acoustic energy transmission to the peripheral airways due in part to the increased impedance mismatch between airway orders. Pulmonary infiltrate significantly altered the local acoustic field in the affected lobe. Calculation of acoustic differences between healthy versus pathologic cases can be used to enhance the understanding of vibro-acoustic changes correlated to pathology, and potentially provide improved tools for the diagnosis of pulmonary diseases that uniquely alter the acoustics of the airways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian Henry
- Richard and Loan Hill Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois at Chicago, 851 South Morgan Street, MC 063, Chicago, Illinois 60607, USA
| | - Thomas J Royston
- Richard and Loan Hill Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois at Chicago, 851 South Morgan Street, MC 063, Chicago, Illinois 60607, USA
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Moghaddasi H, Almasganj F, Zoroufian A. Imaging of heart acoustic based on the sub-space methods using a microphone array. COMPUTER METHODS AND PROGRAMS IN BIOMEDICINE 2017; 146:133-142. [PMID: 28688483 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmpb.2017.04.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2016] [Revised: 04/03/2017] [Accepted: 04/11/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Heart disease is one of the leading causes of death around the world. Phonocardiogram (PCG) is an important bio-signal which represents the acoustic activity of heart, typically without any spatiotemporal information of the involved acoustic sources. The aim of this study is to analyze the PCG by employing a microphone array by which the heart internal sound sources could be localized, too. METHOD In this paper, it is intended to propose a modality by which the locations of the active sources in the heart could also be investigated, during a cardiac cycle. In this way, a microphone array with six microphones is employed as the recording set up to be put on the human chest. In the following, the Group Delay MUSIC algorithm which is a sub-space based localization method is used to estimate the location of the heart sources in different phases of the PCG. RESULTS We achieved to 0.14cm mean error for the sources of first heart sound (S1) simulator and 0.21cm mean error for the sources of second heart sound (S2) simulator with Group Delay MUSIC algorithm. The acoustical diagrams created for human subjects show distinct patterns in various phases of the cardiac cycles such as the first and second heart sounds. Moreover, the evaluated source locations for the heart valves are matched with the ones that are obtained via the 4-dimensional (4D) echocardiography applied, to a real human case. CONCLUSIONS Imaging of heart acoustic map presents a new outlook to indicate the acoustic properties of cardiovascular system and disorders of valves and thereby, in the future, could be used as a new diagnostic tool.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanie Moghaddasi
- Biomedical Engineering Department, Amirkabir University of Technology, Tehran, Iran
| | - Farshad Almasganj
- Biomedical Engineering Department, Amirkabir University of Technology, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Arezoo Zoroufian
- Department of Cardiology, Tehran Heart Center, Tehran University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran
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11
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3D heart sound source localization via combinational subspace methods for long-term heart monitoring. Biomed Signal Process Control 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bspc.2016.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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12
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Acoustic Characterization of Axial Flow Left Ventricular Assist Device Operation In Vitro and In Vivo. ASAIO J 2016; 62:46-55. [PMID: 26536535 DOI: 10.1097/mat.0000000000000307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The use of left ventricular assist devices (LVADs), implantable pumps used to supplement cardiac output, has become an increasingly common and effective treatment for advanced heart failure. Although modern continuous-flow LVADs improve quality of life and survival more than medical management of heart failure, device malfunction remains a common concern. Improved noninvasive methods for assessment of LVAD function are needed to detect device complications. An electronic stethoscope was used to record sounds from the HeartMate II axial flow pump in vitro and in vivo. The data were then uploaded to a computer and analyzed using two types of acoustic analysis software. Left ventricular assist device acoustics were quantified and were related to pump speed, acoustic environment, and inflow and outflow graft patency. Peak frequency values measured in vivo were found to correlate strongly with both predicted values and in vitro measurements (r > 0.999). Plots of the area under the acoustic spectrum curve, obtained by integrating over 50 Hz increments, showed strong correlations between in vivo and in vitro measurements (r > 0.966). Device thrombosis was found to be associated with reduced LVAD acoustic amplitude in two patients who underwent surgical device exchange.
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13
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Dai Z, Peng Y, Mansy HA, Sandler RH, Royston TJ. Experimental and Computational Studies of Sound Transmission in a Branching Airway Network Embedded in a Compliant Viscoelastic Medium. JOURNAL OF SOUND AND VIBRATION 2015; 339:215-229. [PMID: 26097256 PMCID: PMC4469198 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsv.2014.11.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Breath sounds are often used to aid in the diagnosis of pulmonary disease. Mechanical and numerical models could be used to enhance our understanding of relevant sound transmission phenomena. Sound transmission in an airway mimicking phantom was investigated using a mechanical model with a branching airway network embedded in a compliant viscoelastic medium. The Horsfield self-consistent model for the bronchial tree was adopted to topologically couple the individual airway segments into the branching airway network. The acoustics of the bifurcating airway segments were measured by microphones and calculated analytically. Airway phantom surface motion was measured using scanning laser Doppler vibrometry. Finite element simulations of sound transmission in the airway phantom were performed. Good agreement was achieved between experiments and simulations. The validated computational approach can provide insight into sound transmission simulations in real lungs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zoujun Dai
- University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60607, USA
- Corresponding author.
| | - Ying Peng
- University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60607, USA
| | - Hansen A. Mansy
- University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL 32816, USA
- Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Richard H. Sandler
- University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL 32816, USA
- Nemours Children’s Hospital, Orlando, FL 32827, USA
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Chaos to randomness: distinguishing between healthy and non-healthy lung sound behaviour. AUSTRALASIAN PHYSICAL & ENGINEERING SCIENCES IN MEDICINE 2014; 38:47-54. [PMID: 25487463 DOI: 10.1007/s13246-014-0316-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2013] [Accepted: 11/24/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Lung abnormalities and respiratory diseases increase as side effects of urban life and development. Therefore, understanding lung dynamics and its changes during the presence of abnormalities are critical in order to design more reliable tools for the early diagnosis and screening of lung pathology. The goal of this paper is to indicate the chaotic nature of normal lung sound and its transition to randomness in the presence of lung disease. The latter characteristic could serve as an indicator for evaluating the recovery process for patients suffering from lung disease. To verify this idea, we compared group of healthy and non-healthy subjects and also group of non-healthy subjects before and after treatments. Chaotic and randomness indices applied to lung sound signals which captured by multichannel data acquisition system. Results show that the normal lung displays chaotic dynamics. However, with the increase in lung abnormality, moves toward more random behaviour and away from its original chaotic state. Also, chaotic and randomness indices indicate their abilities to classify healthy and non-healthy lung sounds.
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Dai Z, Peng Y, Mansy HA, Sandler RH, Royston TJ. Comparison of Poroviscoelastic Models for Sound and Vibration in the Lungs. JOURNAL OF VIBRATION AND ACOUSTICS 2014; 136:0510121-5101211. [PMID: 25278740 PMCID: PMC4112928 DOI: 10.1115/1.4026436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2013] [Revised: 12/18/2013] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Noninvasive measurement of mechanical wave motion (sound and vibration) in the lungs may be of diagnostic value, as it can provide information about the mechanical properties of the lungs, which in turn are affected by disease and injury. In this study, two previously derived theoretical models of the vibroacoustic behavior of the lung parenchyma are compared: (1) a Biot theory of poroviscoelasticity and (2) an effective medium theory for compression wave behavior (also known as a "bubble swarm" model). A fractional derivative formulation of shear viscoelasticity is integrated into both models. A measurable "fast" compression wave speed predicted by the Biot theory formulation has a significant frequency dependence that is not predicted by the effective medium theory. Biot theory also predicts a slow compression wave. The experimentally measured fast compression wave speed and attenuation in a pig lung ex vivo model agreed well with the Biot theory. To obtain the parameters for the Biot theory prediction, the following experiments were undertaken: quasistatic mechanical indentation measurements were performed to estimate the lung static shear modulus; surface wave measurements were performed to estimate lung tissue shear viscoelasticity; and flow permeability was measured on dried lung specimens. This study suggests that the Biot theory may provide a more robust and accurate model than the effective medium theory for wave propagation in the lungs over a wider frequency range.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zoujun Dai
- University of Illinois at Chicago , Chicago, IL 60607
| | - Ying Peng
- University of Illinois at Chicago , Chicago, IL 60607
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Dai Z, Peng Y, Henry BM, Mansy HA, Sandler RH, Royston TJ. A comprehensive computational model of sound transmission through the porcine lung. THE JOURNAL OF THE ACOUSTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA 2014; 136:1419. [PMID: 25190415 PMCID: PMC4165230 DOI: 10.1121/1.4890647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2013] [Revised: 05/22/2014] [Accepted: 07/08/2014] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
A comprehensive computational simulation model of sound transmission through the porcine lung is introduced and experimentally evaluated. This "subject-specific" model utilizes parenchymal and major airway geometry derived from x-ray CT images. The lung parenchyma is modeled as a poroviscoelastic material using Biot theory. A finite element (FE) mesh of the lung that includes airway detail is created and used in comsol FE software to simulate the vibroacoustic response of the lung to sound input at the trachea. The FE simulation model is validated by comparing simulation results to experimental measurements using scanning laser Doppler vibrometry on the surface of an excised, preserved lung. The FE model can also be used to calculate and visualize vibroacoustic pressure and motion inside the lung and its airways caused by the acoustic input. The effect of diffuse lung fibrosis and of a local tumor on the lung acoustic response is simulated and visualized using the FE model. In the future, this type of visualization can be compared and matched with experimentally obtained elastographic images to better quantify regional lung material properties to noninvasively diagnose and stage disease and response to treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zoujun Dai
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60607
| | - Ying Peng
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60607
| | - Brian M Henry
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60607
| | - Hansen A Mansy
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida 32816
| | | | - Thomas J Royston
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60607
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17
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Marques A, Bruton A, Barney A. Clinically useful outcome measures for physiotherapy airway clearance techniques: a review. PHYSICAL THERAPY REVIEWS 2014. [DOI: 10.1179/108331906x163441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
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Assessment of regional ventilation distribution: comparison of vibration response imaging (VRI) with electrical impedance tomography (EIT). PLoS One 2014; 9:e86638. [PMID: 24475160 PMCID: PMC3903564 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0086638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2013] [Accepted: 12/11/2013] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Vibration response imaging (VRI) is a bedside technology to monitor ventilation by detecting lung sound vibrations. It is currently unknown whether VRI is able to accurately monitor the local distribution of ventilation within the lungs. We therefore compared VRI to electrical impedance tomography (EIT), an established technique used for the assessment of regional ventilation. Methodology/Principal Findings Simultaneous EIT and VRI measurements were performed in the healthy and injured lungs (ALI; induced by saline lavage) at different PEEP levels (0, 5, 10, 15 mbar) in nine piglets. Vibration energy amplitude (VEA) by VRI, and amplitudes of relative impedance changes (rel.ΔZ) by EIT, were evaluated in seven regions of interest (ROIs). To assess the distribution of tidal volume (VT) by VRI and EIT, absolute values were normalized to the VT obtained by simultaneous spirometry measurements. Redistribution of ventilation by ALI and PEEP was detected by VRI and EIT. The linear correlation between pooled VT by VEA and rel.ΔZ was R2 = 0.96. Bland-Altman analysis showed a bias of −1.07±24.71 ml and limits of agreement of −49.05 to +47.36 ml. Within the different ROIs, correlations of VT-distribution by EIT and VRI ranged between R2 values of 0.29 and 0.96. ALI and PEEP did not alter the agreement of VT between VRI and EIT. Conclusions/Significance Measurements of regional ventilation distribution by VRI are comparable to those obtained by EIT.
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Pinho C, Oliveira A, Oliveira D, Dinis J, Marques A. Lungsounds@UA Interface and Multimedia Database. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF E-HEALTH AND MEDICAL COMMUNICATIONS 2014. [DOI: 10.4018/ijehmc.2014010105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The development of graphical user interfaces (GUIs) has been an emergent demand in the area of healthcare technologies. Specifically for respiratory healthcare there is a lack of tools to produce a complete multimedia database, where respiratory sounds and other clinical data are available in a single repository. This is essential for a complete patients' assessment and management in research/clinical settings. Therefore, this study aimed to develop a usable interface to collect and organise respiratory-related data in a single multimedia database. A GUI, named LungSounds@UA, composed by a multilayer of windows, was developed. The usability of the user-centred interface was assessed in a pilot study and in an evaluation session. The users testified the utility of the application and its great potential for research/clinical settings. However, some drawbacks were identified, such as a certain difficulty to intuitively navigate in the great amount of the available information, which will inform future developments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cátia Pinho
- School of Health Sciences, University of Aveiro, Institute of Electronics and Telematics Engineering of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Ana Oliveira
- School of Health Sciences, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Daniela Oliveira
- School of Health Sciences, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - João Dinis
- School of Health Sciences, University of Aveiro, Institute of Electronics and Telematics Engineering of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Alda Marques
- School of Health Sciences, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
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Abstract
BACKGROUND The concept of lung sounds conveying information regarding lung physiology has been used extensively in clinical practice, particularly with physical auscultation using a stethoscope. Advances in computer technology have facilitated the construction of dynamic visual images derived from recorded lung sounds. Arguably, the most significant progress in this field was the development of the commercially available vibration response imaging (VRI) (Deep Breeze Ltd, Or-Akiva, Israel). This device provides a non-invasive, dynamic image of both lungs constructed from sounds detected from the lungs using surface sensors. In the literature, VRI has been utilized in a multitude of clinical and research settings. This systematic review aims to address three study questions relating to whether VRI can be used as an evaluative device, whether the images generated can be characterized, and which tools and measures have been used to assess these images. METHODS/DESIGN This systematic review will involve implementing search strategies in five online journal databases in order to extract articles relating to the application of VRI. Appropriate articles will be identified against a set of pre-determined eligibility criteria and assessed for methodological quality using a standardized scale. Included articles will have data extracted by the reviewers using a standardized evidence table. A narrative synthesis based on a standardized framework will be conducted, clustering evidence into three main groups; one for each of the study questions. A meta-analysis will be conducted if two or more research articles meet pre-determined criteria that allow quantitative synthesis to take place. DISCUSSION This systematic review aims to provide a complete overview of the scope of VRI in the clinical and research settings, as well as to discuss methods to interpret the data obtained from VRI. The systematic review intends to help clinicians to make informed decisions on the clinical applicability of the device, to allow researchers to identify further potential avenues of investigation, and to provide methods for the evaluation and interpretation of dynamic and static images. The publication and registration of this review with PROSPERO provides transparency and accountability, and facilitates the appraisal of the proposed systematic review against the original design. TRIAL REGISTRATION PROSPERO registration number: CRD42013003751.
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Sen I, Saraclar M, Kahya YP. Exploring an optimal vector autoregressive model for multi-channel pulmonary sound data. COMPUTER METHODS AND PROGRAMS IN BIOMEDICINE 2013; 111:550-560. [PMID: 23790405 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmpb.2013.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2011] [Revised: 02/06/2013] [Accepted: 05/18/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of this study is to find a useful mathematical model for multi-channel pulmonary sound data. Vector auto-regressive (VAR) model schema is adopted and the best set of arguments, namely, the order and sample size of the model and the sampling rate of the data, is aimed to be determined. Both conventional prediction error criteria and a set of three new criteria which are derived specifically for pulmonary sound signals are used to evaluate the success of the model. In terms of these criteria, the second order 250-point model is selected to be the most descriptive VAR model for 14-channel pulmonary sound data. The preferred sampling rate is the original data acquisition rate, which is 9600 samples per second. The effect of normalization of the data with respect to the air flow is also examined. Six normalization schemes are implemented on the data prior to the model fit, and the resulting model parameters are examined in terms of the proposed criterion measures. It is concluded that normalization with respect to flow is not necessary prior to the VAR modeling of pulmonary sound data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ipek Sen
- Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Bogazici University, Istanbul, Turkey.
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22
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Kim HK, Yoo D, Sung HK, Lee HJ, Choi YH. Vibration response imaging in prediction of pulmonary function after pulmonary resection. Ann Thorac Surg 2012; 94:1680-6. [PMID: 22959575 DOI: 10.1016/j.athoracsur.2012.07.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2012] [Revised: 07/09/2012] [Accepted: 07/11/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Vibration response imaging (VRI) is a new technique that captures lung sounds generated by the flow of air through the lungs. It predicts postoperative values for an intended lung resection. In this study, we measured the predicted postoperative pulmonary function as determined by a perfusion lung scan and the VRI, and compared with results from the postoperative pulmonary function. METHODS This study was performed prospectively in patients who were candidates for major pulmonary resection. Each patient underwent a pulmonary function test, perfusion scintigraphy, and VRI within 1 week before operation. Postoperative lung function was measured at 4 to 6 weeks. RESULTS The study enrolled 44 patients. There were no significant differences for predicted postoperative forced expiratory volume in 1 second (ppoFEV(1)) and predicted postoperative diffusion capacity of the lung for carbon monoxide (ppoDlco) between scan and VRI. Both ppoFEV(1) and ppoDlco using a scan and VRI predicted the postoperative results well, respectively. The postoperative FEV(1) was correlated with ppoFEV(1) using a scan (r = 0.83, p < 0.001), and the ppoFEV(1) using a VRI (r = 0.83, p < 0.001). The postoperative Dlco was correlated with the ppoDlco using a scan (r = 0.85, p < 0.001), and the ppoDlco using a VRI (r = 0.80, p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS The VRI was highly predictive of postoperative FEV(1) and Dlco for lung resection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyun Koo Kim
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Korea University Guro Hospital, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
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23
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Bing D, Jian K, Long-feng S, Wei T, Hong-wen Z. Vibration response imaging: a novel noninvasive tool for evaluating the initial therapeutic effect of noninvasive positive pressure ventilation in patients with acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Respir Res 2012; 13:65. [PMID: 22856613 PMCID: PMC3478983 DOI: 10.1186/1465-9921-13-65] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2012] [Accepted: 07/24/2012] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The popular methods for evaluating the initial therapeutic effect (ITE) of noninvasive positive pressure ventilation (NPPV) can only roughly reflect the therapeutic outcome of a patient's ventilation because they are subjective, invasive and time-delayed. In contrast, vibration response imaging (VRI) can monitor the function of a patient's ventilation over the NPPV therapy in a non-invasive manner. This study aimed to investigate the value of VRI in evaluating the ITE of NPPV for patients with acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (AECOPD). METHODS Thirty-six AECOPD patients received VRI at three time points: before NPPV treatment (T1), at 15 min of NPPV treatment (T2), and at 15 min after the end of NPPV treatment (T4). Blood gas analysis was also performed at T1 and at 2 hours of NPPV treatment (T3). Thirty-nine healthy volunteers also received VRI at T1 and T2. VRI examination at the time point T2 in either the patients or volunteers did not require any interruption of the on-going NPPV. The clinical indices at each time point were compared between the two groups. Moreover, correlations between the PaCO2 changes (T3 vs T1) and abnormal VRI scores (AVRIS) changes (T2 vs T1) were analyzed. RESULTS No significant AVRIS differences were found between T1 and T2 in the healthy controls (8.51 ± 3.36 vs. 8.53 ± 3.57, P > 0.05). The AVRIS, dynamic score, MEF score and EVP score showed a significant decrease in AECOPD patients at T2 compared with T1 (P < 0.05), but a significant increase at T4 compared with T2 (P < 0.05). We also found a positive correlation (R2 = 0.6399) between the PaCO2 changes (T3 vs T1) and AVRIS changes (T2 vs T1). CONCLUSIONS VRI is a promising noninvasive tool for evaluating the initial therapeutic effects of NPPV in AECOPD patients and predicting the success of NPPV in the early stage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dai Bing
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, 155, Nanjing North Street, Heping district, Shenyang 110001, China
| | - Kang Jian
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, 155, Nanjing North Street, Heping district, Shenyang 110001, China
| | - Sun Long-feng
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, 155, Nanjing North Street, Heping district, Shenyang 110001, China
| | - Tan Wei
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, 155, Nanjing North Street, Heping district, Shenyang 110001, China
| | - Zhao Hong-wen
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, 155, Nanjing North Street, Heping district, Shenyang 110001, China
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24
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Progrès et innovations dans le domaine de l’auscultation. Ing Rech Biomed 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.irbm.2011.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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25
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Andrès E, Hajjam A, Brandt C. Advances and innovations in the field of auscultation, with a special focus on the development of new intelligent communicating stethoscope systems. HEALTH AND TECHNOLOGY 2012. [DOI: 10.1007/s12553-012-0017-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
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26
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Abstract
Pulmonary function testing is part of routine clinical practice in respiratory medicine. It is based around spirometry, which will remain the central measurement of lung function given its prognostic significance and its integral role in defining severity of airways disease. However, there is an increasing body of evidence from studies using new methods of lung function measurement which are providing new insights into pathophysiology of disease. This body of data is forming a basis for their future clinical role, once the economics of producing the relevant devices becomes attractive. The forced oscillation technique and multiple breath nitrogen washout are currently the most commonly used of the newer lung function techniques, which are refinements of long-established techniques. Optical coherence tomography, optical reflection, electrical impedance and vibration response imaging have arisen by development of novel devices. The recent use of these techniques is reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gregory G King
- Woolcock Institute of Medical Research, The Northern Clinical School, Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.
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27
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Joshi N, Reyes E, Araque H. The Role of Vibrational Mechanics in Respiratory Diseases Treated by Electroacupuncture. Med Acupunct 2011. [DOI: 10.1089/acu.2010.0778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Narahari Joshi
- Departamento de Fisiologia, Facultdad de Medicina, Universidad de Los Andes, Merida, Venezuela
| | - Elbert Reyes
- Departamento de Ciencias Morfológicas, Facultad de Medicina, Unidad de Histología, Universidad de Los Andes, Mérida, Venezuela
| | - Haydeé Araque
- “Seccional de Profesores Jubilados,” Programa Integral de Salud Maturitas Academiae, (PRISMA), Universidad de Los Andes, Merida, Venezuela
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28
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Park E, Park JH, Hong MJ, Kim WD, Lee KY, Kim SJ, Kim HJ, Ha KW, Chon GR, Kim HA, Yoo KH. Usefulness of Vibration Response Imaging (VRI) for Pneumonia Patients. Tuberc Respir Dis (Seoul) 2011. [DOI: 10.4046/trd.2011.71.1.30] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Eugene Park
- Department of Internal Medicine, Konkuk University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jung Hee Park
- Department of Internal Medicine, Konkuk University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Mi-Jin Hong
- Department of Internal Medicine, Konkuk University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Won Dong Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Konkuk University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Kye Young Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Konkuk University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sun Jong Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Konkuk University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hee Joung Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Konkuk University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Kyoung-Won Ha
- Department of Internal Medicine, Konkuk University Chungju Hospital, Chungju, Korea
| | - Gyu Rak Chon
- Department of Internal Medicine, Konkuk University Chungju Hospital, Chungju, Korea
| | - Hyun Ai Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Konkuk University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Kwang Ha Yoo
- Department of Internal Medicine, Konkuk University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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29
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Acoustic thoracic image of crackle sounds using linear and nonlinear processing techniques. Med Biol Eng Comput 2010; 49:15-24. [DOI: 10.1007/s11517-010-0663-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2010] [Accepted: 07/04/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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30
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Andrès E, Brandt C, Gass R, Reichert S. [New developments in the field of human auscultation]. REVUE DE PNEUMOLOGIE CLINIQUE 2010; 66:209-213. [PMID: 20561489 DOI: 10.1016/j.pneumo.2009.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2009] [Revised: 09/14/2009] [Accepted: 10/21/2009] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- E Andrès
- Service de médecine interne, diabète et maladies métaboliques, clinique médicale B, CHRU de Strasbourg, hôpital civil, hôpitaux universitaires de Strasbourg, 1, porte de l'Hôpital, 67091 Strasbourg cedex, France.
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Bartziokas K, Daenas C, Preau S, Zygoulis P, Triantaris A, Kerenidi T, Makris D, Gourgoulianis KI, Daniil Z. Vibration response imaging: evaluation of rater agreement in healthy subjects and subjects with pneumonia. BMC Med Imaging 2010; 10:6. [PMID: 20222975 PMCID: PMC2848624 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2342-10-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2009] [Accepted: 03/11/2010] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background We evaluated pulmonologists variability in the interpretation of Vibration response imaging (VRI) obtained from healthy subjects and patients hospitalized for community acquired pneumonia. Methods The present is a prospective study conducted in a tertiary university hospital. Twenty healthy subjects and twenty three pneumonia cases were included in this study. Six pulmonologists blindly analyzed images of normal subjects and pneumonia cases and evaluated different aspects of VRI images related to the quality of data aquisition, synchronization of the progression of breath sound distribution and agreement between the maximal energy frame (MEF) of VRI (which is the maximal geographical area of lung vibrations produced at maximal inspiration) and chest radiography. For qualitative assessment of VRI images, the raters' evaluations were analyzed by degree of consistency and agreement. Results The average value for overall identical evaluations of twelve features of the VRI image evaluation, ranged from 87% to 95% per rater (94% to 97% in control cases and from 79% to 93% per rater in pneumonia cases). Inter-rater median (IQR) agreement was 91% (82-96). The level of agreement according to VRI feature evaluated was in most cases over 80%; intra-class correlation (ICC) obtained by using a model of subject/rater for the averaged features was overall 0.86 (0.92 in normal and 0.73 in pneumonia cases). Conclusions Our findings suggest good agreement in the interpretation of VRI data between different raters. In this respect, VRI might be helpful as a radiation free diagnostic tool for the management of pneumonia.
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Accuracy of gray-scale coding in lung sound mapping. Comput Med Imaging Graph 2010; 34:362-9. [PMID: 20171843 DOI: 10.1016/j.compmedimag.2009.12.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2009] [Revised: 10/06/2009] [Accepted: 12/14/2009] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Stethoscope evaluation of the lungs is widely accepted and practiced; however, there are some widely recognized, major limitations with its use. A safe device that helped solve these limitations by translating sound into objective, quantifiable images would have clinical utility. Translating lung sounds into quantifiable images in which regional differences or asymmetry in intensities of breath sounds are presented as gradients in gray-scale is not a trivial process. Healthy lungs and lung pathology are characterized by different patterns of regional breath sound distribution and, therefore, the accuracy of mapping gray-scale images must be ensured in a controlled systematic fashion prior to clinical use of such a technique. Vibration response imaging (VRI) maps lung sounds from 40 sensors to a two-dimensional gray-scale image. To assess mapping accuracy, a simulated lung sound map with uniform signals was compared to modified maps where sound signals were reduced (1-3db) at one sensor. Also, 8 readers evaluated the gray-scale images. The computer algorithm accurately displayed gray-scale coding changes in correct locations in 97% of images. There was 95+/-4% accuracy rate by readers to correctly identify gray-scale changes. In addition, quantitative data at different stages of signal processing were investigated in a LSM of a subject with asthma. Signal processing was 97% accurate overall in that the gray-scale values from which the image was derived corresponded with intensity values from recorded signals. These results suggest VRI accurately maps acoustic signals to a gray-scale image and that trained readers can detect small changes.
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Sen I, Saraclar M, Kahya YP. Acoustic mapping of the lung based on source localization of adventitious respiratory sound components. ANNUAL INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE OF THE IEEE ENGINEERING IN MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY SOCIETY. IEEE ENGINEERING IN MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY SOCIETY. ANNUAL INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE 2010; 2010:3670-3673. [PMID: 21097045 DOI: 10.1109/iembs.2010.5627651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study is to devise a methodology to estimate and depict the source locations of respiratory adventitious sound components in the lungs, particularly crackles, associated with certain pulmonary diseases. Using the multichannel respiratory sound signals recorded on the chest wall, we have tried to locate the sources of crackling sounds. The source localization is performed using basic independent component analysis (basic ICA) followed by an evaluation of the mixing coefficients in a center of weights approach, where after the ICA, by taking the relevant mixing matrix coefficients and assuming them to be placed on the microphone locations, the estimated sound source location is calculated as the center of those weights. In order to select both the proper data segments prior to the ICA, and the relevant independent component (IC) among the source signal estimates of the ICA subsequently, a Bayesian classifier (under the assumption of Gaussian likelihoods) has been trained, using the data of the same subject yet a different acquisition session from the one intended for source localization. The outcome of the algorithm is a map of estimated source locations of crackles with respect to the microphone locations, which is presented together with the error performances (both validation and test) of the classifier. This approach for the estimation and mapping of the adventitious sound source locations in the lungs using the acoustic data may be a promising imaging alternative, which is practical, non-expensive and harmless.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ipek Sen
- Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Bogazici University, Istanbul, Turkey.
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Yarmus L, Ernst A, Feller-Kopman D. Emerging technologies for the thorax: indications, management and complications. Respirology 2009; 15:208-19. [PMID: 20051044 DOI: 10.1111/j.1440-1843.2009.01680.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The field of interventional pulmonology has rapidly expanded to include the management and treatment of complex diseases of the chest. The management of central airway obstruction, pleural disease diagnosis, treatment and palliation, advanced bronchoscopic techniques to aid in the diagnosis of lung cancer and innovative therapies to treat asthma and COPD have all emerged over the past decade. As astute clinicians, we are all aware of the risks and benefits of using these therapies to treat our patients. In order to appropriately treat and manage these often complex medical situations, the physician should have an expert knowledge of all available modalities, the expertise to safely perform the procedure and the ability to minimize the risk of and manage the associated complications that may arise. In this chapter we review and update some of the bronchoscopic and pleural interventions offered by interventional pulmonologists as well as the associated complications and management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lonny Yarmus
- Division of Interventional Pulmonology, The Johns Hopkins Hospital, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, USA
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Yosef M, Langer R, Lev S, Glickman YA. Effect of airflow rate on vibration response imaging in normal lungs. Open Respir Med J 2009; 3:116-22. [PMID: 19834576 PMCID: PMC2761668 DOI: 10.2174/1874306400903010116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2009] [Revised: 08/10/2009] [Accepted: 08/21/2009] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Evaluating the effect of airflow rate on amplitude of lung sound energy and regional distribution of lung sounds may assist in the interpretation of computerized acoustic measurements. Objectives: The aim of this study was to assess the effect of airflow rate on Vibration Response Imaging (VRI) measurement in healthy lungs. Methods: Lung sounds were recorded from 20 healthy adults in the frequency range of 150-250 Hz using 40 piezoelectric sensors positioned on the posterior chest wall. During the recordings, subjects were breathing at airflow rates ranging between 0.3 and 1.7L/s. Online visual feedback was provided using a pneumotach mouthpiece. Results: Amplitude of lung sound energy significantly increased with increasing airflow rate (p<0.00001, Friedman test). A strong relationship (R2=0.95) was obtained between amplitude of lung sound energy at peak inspiration and airflow rate raised to the third power. This correlation did not significantly affect normalized lung sound distribution maps at peak inspiration, especially when airflow was higher than 1.0L/s. Acoustic maps obtained at airflow rates below 0.7L/s differed from those recorded above 1.0L/s (p<0.05, Wilcoxon matched-paired signed-ranks test). Conclusion: These findings may be of importance when comparing healthy and diseased lungs or when monitoring changes in lung sounds during treatment follow-up.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meirav Yosef
- Deep Breeze, Ltd., 2 Hailan St., P.O. Box 140, Or-Akiva, 30600, Israel
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36
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Guntupalli KK, Reddy RM, Loutfi RH, Alapat PM, Bandi VD, Hanania NA. Evaluation of obstructive lung disease with vibration response imaging. J Asthma 2009; 45:923-30. [PMID: 19085584 DOI: 10.1080/02770900802395496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
As optimal treatment and prognosis differ between asthma and COPD, a new diagnostic approach to differentiating between the two disorders would be clinically desirable. We evaluated the utility of vibration response imaging in differentiating between asthma and COPD. Sixty-six subjects with asthma or COPD were recorded, before and after the administration of a short-acting bronchodilator, using a computerized lung sound analysis device. Gray-scale images of breath sound distribution in the lungs, quantitative data in breath sound graphs (timing, amplitude) and automatic crackle and wheeze detection programs were used to differentiate between asthma and COPD subjects. Imaging data were compared with the clinical diagnosis, made by the standard methods (medical history, physical examination, and spirometric indices). Blinded evaluation of images demonstrated a significantly higher rate of improvement in image dynamics, shape and overall improvement following bronchodilator in subjects with asthma compared with those with COPD. Quantitative data showed distinct patterns in timing and amplitude for these two pathologies. Combined analyses based on qualitative image evaluation and quantitative data demonstrated an overall 85% accuracy (84% for asthma, 86% for COPD) in differentiating between asthma and COPD. Combined qualitative and quantitative evaluations of lung sounds are quite sensitive in distinguishing between lung sound recordings of COPD and asthma individuals. Lung sound features of synchronization in timing and intensity provide objective data that may further differentiate these two airway disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kalpalatha K Guntupalli
- Baylor College of Medicine, Ben Taub General Hospital, 1504 Taub Loop, Houston, Texas 77030, USA.
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Guntupalli KK, Alapat PM, Bandi VD, Kushnir I. Validation of automatic wheeze detection in patients with obstructed airways and in healthy subjects. J Asthma 2009; 45:903-7. [PMID: 19085580 DOI: 10.1080/02770900802386008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Computerized lung-sound analysis is a sensitive and quantitative method to identify wheezing by its typical pattern on spectral analysis. We evaluated the accuracy of the VRI, a multi-sensor, computer-based device with an automated technique of wheeze detection. The method was validated in 100 sound files from seven subjects with asthma or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and seven healthy subjects by comparison of auscultation findings, examination of audio files, and computer detection of wheezes. Three blinded physicians identified 40 sound files with wheezes and 60 sound files without wheezes. Sensitivity and specificity were 83% and 85%, respectively. Negative predictive value and positive predictive value were 89% and 79%, respectively. Overall inter-rater agreement was 84%. False positive cases were found to contain sounds that simulate wheezes, such as background noises with high frequencies or strong noises from the throat that could be heard and identified without a stethoscope. The present findings demonstrate that the wheeze detection algorithm has good accuracy, sensitivity, specificity, negative predictive value and positive predictive value for wheeze detection in regional analyses with a single sensor and multiple sensors. Results are similar to those reported in the literature. The device is user-friendly, requires minimal patient effort, and, distinct from other devices, it provides a dynamic image of breath sound distribution with wheeze detection output in less than 1 minute.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kalpalatha K Guntupalli
- Baylor College of Medicine, Ben Taub General Hospital, 1504 Taub Loop, Houston, Texas 77030, USA.
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Andrès E, Gass R, Brandt C, Reichert S, Collet C, Nguyen G, Baldassari K. De nouveaux outils au service de l’auscultation. Ing Rech Biomed 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.irbm.2008.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Reichert S, Gass R, Brandt C, Andrès E. [Pulmonary auscultation in the era of evidence-based medicine]. Rev Mal Respir 2008; 25:674-82. [PMID: 18772825 DOI: 10.1016/s0761-8425(08)73797-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Distinction between normal and abnormal respiratory sounds is important for accurate diagnosis. CURRENT DATA This paper describes the state of the art, scientific publications and ongoing research related to the respiratory sounds. The study includes a description of the various techniques that are being used to record auscultatory sounds and a physical description of known pathological sounds (wheezes and crackles) for which automatic detection tools have been developed. VIEWPOINTS The next stage will include exploiting all the qualities of the sounds. This augmentation of the spectrum studied, linked to signal analysis techniques, will allow the definition of new characteristic markers.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Reichert
- Ecole de l'Auscultation, Faculté de Médecine de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
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Jean S, Cinel I, Tay C, Parrillo JE, Dellinger RP. Assessment of asymmetric lung disease in intensive care unit patients using vibration response imaging. Anesth Analg 2008; 107:1243-7. [PMID: 18806034 DOI: 10.1213/ane.0b013e3181804a99] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Vibration response imaging (VRI) is a computer-based technology that creates a visual dynamic two-dimensional image of distribution of vibration within the lung during the respiratory process. The acoustic signals, recorded from 36 posteriorly positioned surface skin sensors, are transferred to a hardware board where several stages of filtering are applied to select a specific frequency band. The filtered output signal frequencies are presented as a gray-scale coded dynamic image, consisting of a series of 0.17 s frames, and as a table featuring the percentage contribution of each lung to the total vibration signal. METHODS We describe the VRI technology in detail and examine images obtained from consecutive intensive care unit (ICU) patients with one diseased lung on chest radiograph. ICU patients with normal chest radiographs are presented as controls. Analysis of the image was performed by comparing the weighted pixel count analysis from both lungs. In this method, the pixels in the image were assigned values based on their grayscale color with the darker pixels assigned higher values. RESULTS In patients with normal chest radiographs, the right and left lungs developed similarly in dynamic VRI images, and the percent lung vibrations from both sides were comparable (53%+/-12% and 47%+/-12%, respectively). In ICU patients with asymmetric lung disease, however, the percent lung vibrations from the diseased and nondiseased lungs were 27%+/-23% and 73%+/-23%, respectively (P<0.001). In patients with asymmetric lung disease (one lung has moderate to severe disease and the other appears normal or close to normal as per chest radiograph), the diseased lung usually appeared in VRI as irregular, smaller, and lighter in color (reduced vibration signal) when compared to the nonaffected lung. The weighted pixel count from diseased and nondiseased lungs were 33%+/-21% and 67%+/-21%, respectively (P < 0.003). CONCLUSION The VRI technology may provide a radiation-free method for identifying and tracking of asymmetric lung parenchymal processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Smith Jean
- Department of Medicine, Robert Wood Johnson School of Medicine, University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey, Cooper University Hospital, Camden, NJ 08103, USA
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Andrès E, Brandt C, Gass R. De l’intérêt de caractériser les sons de l’auscultation pulmonaire à la création d’une école de l’auscultation. Presse Med 2008; 37:925-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lpm.2008.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2008] [Revised: 03/17/2008] [Accepted: 03/17/2008] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
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Reichert S, Gass R, Brandt C, Andrès E. Analysis of respiratory sounds: state of the art. CLINICAL MEDICINE. CIRCULATORY, RESPIRATORY AND PULMONARY MEDICINE 2008; 2:45-58. [PMID: 21157521 PMCID: PMC2990233 DOI: 10.4137/ccrpm.s530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This paper describes state of the art, scientific publications and ongoing research related to the methods of analysis of respiratory sounds. METHODS AND MATERIAL Review of the current medical and technological literature using Pubmed and personal experience. RESULTS The study includes a description of the various techniques that are being used to collect auscultation sounds, a physical description of known pathologic sounds for which automatic detection tools were developed. Modern tools are based on artificial intelligence and on technics such as artificial neural networks, fuzzy systems, and genetic algorithms… CONCLUSION The next step will consist in finding new markers so as to increase the efficiency of decision aid algorithms and tools.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Reichert
- Ph.D., e-health UTBM student, Alcatel-Lucent, Chief Technical Office, Strasbourg, France
| | - Raymond Gass
- Technical Academy Fellow, Alcatel-Lucent, Chief Technical Office, Strasbourg, France
| | - Christian Brandt
- M.D., Head of the Cardiology Department, Clinique Médicale B, CHRU Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Emmanuel Andrès
- M.D., Ph.D., Head of the Internal Medicine Department, Clinique Médicale B, CHRU Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
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Acikgoz S, Ozer MB, Royston TJ, Mansy HA, Sandler RH. Experimental and Computational Models for Simulating Sound Propagation Within the Lungs. JOURNAL OF VIBRATION AND ACOUSTICS 2008; 130:nihpa45263. [PMID: 18568101 PMCID: PMC2435193 DOI: 10.1115/1.2827358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
An acoustic boundary element model is used to simulate sound propagation in the lung parenchyma and surrounding chest wall. It is validated theoretically and numerically and then compared with experimental studies on lung-chest phantom models that simulate the lung pathology of pneumothorax. Studies quantify the effect of the simulated lung pathology on the resulting acoustic field measured at the phantom chest surface. This work is relevant to the development of advanced auscultatory techniques for lung, vascular, and cardiac sounds within the torso that utilize multiple noninvasive sensors to create acoustic images of the sound generation and transmission to identify certain pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Acikgoz
- Baxter Healthcare Corporation, Deerfield, IL, 60015
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Mansy HA, Grahe JR, Sandler RH. Elastic properties of synthetic materials for soft tissue modeling. Phys Med Biol 2008; 53:2115-30. [DOI: 10.1088/0031-9155/53/8/008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Fiz JA, Gnitecki J, Kraman SS, Wodicka GR, Pasterkamp H. Effect of body position on lung sounds in healthy young men. Chest 2008; 133:729-36. [PMID: 18198265 DOI: 10.1378/chest.07-1102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The effect of body position on the generation of abnormal respiratory sounds (eg, snoring and stridor) is well recognized. Postural effects on normal lung sounds have been studied in less detail but need to be clarified if respiratory acoustic measurements are to be used effectively in clinical practice. METHODS Lung sounds and airflow were recorded in six healthy male subjects. Two acoustic sensors were placed over corresponding sites of the right and left chest, first anteriorly and then on the back. Subjects were studied in sitting, supine, prone, and lateral decubitus positions. Lung sound intensity (LSI) was determined at flows of 0.4 to 0.6 L/s and 0.8 to 1.2 L/s within frequency bands of 150 to 300 Hz and 300 to 600 Hz. RESULTS LSI was greater over the dependent lungs in the lateral decubitus positions. In the sitting position, LSI was greater on the left compared with the right posterior lung at the same airflow within the same frequency bands. Compared with sitting, neither the supine nor prone positions caused a significant change in LSI. CONCLUSIONS Our study confirms previously reported asymmetries of normal lung sounds. The insignificant change of flow-specific LSI between the upright and horizontal positions in healthy subjects is encouraging for the clinical use of respiratory acoustic measurements. Further studies should address postural effects on lung sounds in patients with acute lung injury and other lung pathologies.
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Maher TM, Gat M, Allen D, Devaraj A, Wells AU, Geddes DM. Reproducibility of dynamically represented acoustic lung images from healthy individuals. Thorax 2007; 63:542-8. [PMID: 18024534 PMCID: PMC2571960 DOI: 10.1136/thx.2007.086405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Background and aim: Acoustic lung imaging offers a unique method for visualising the lung. This study was designed to demonstrate reproducibility of acoustic lung images recorded from healthy individuals at different time points and to assess intra- and inter-rater agreement in the assessment of dynamically represented acoustic lung images. Methods: Recordings from 29 healthy volunteers were made on three separate occasions using vibration response imaging. Reproducibility was measured using quantitative, computerised assessment of vibration energy. Dynamically represented acoustic lung images were scored by six blinded raters. Results: Quantitative measurement of acoustic recordings was highly reproducible with an intraclass correlation score of 0.86 (very good agreement). Intraclass correlations for inter-rater agreement and reproducibility were 0.61 (good agreement) and 0.86 (very good agreement), respectively. There was no significant difference found between the six raters at any time point. Raters ranged from 88% to 95% in their ability to identically evaluate the different features of the same image presented to them blinded on two separate occasions. Conclusion: Acoustic lung imaging is reproducible in healthy individuals. Graphic representation of lung images can be interpreted with a high degree of accuracy by the same and by different reviewers.
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Affiliation(s)
- T M Maher
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Interstitial Lung Disease Unit, Royal Brompton Hospital, Sydney St, London SW3 6NP, UK.
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Kramer MR, Raviv Y, Hardoff R, Shteinmatz A, Amital A, Shitrit D. Regional Breath Sound Distribution Analysis in Single-lung Transplant Recipients. J Heart Lung Transplant 2007; 26:1149-54. [DOI: 10.1016/j.healun.2007.07.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2007] [Revised: 07/25/2007] [Accepted: 07/27/2007] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
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