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Tian CF, Jing HY, Sinicrope FA, Wang JS, Gao BB, Sun XG, Yao ZG, Li LP, Saberzadeh-Ardestani B, Song W, Sha D. Tumor microenvironment characteristics association with clinical outcome in patients with resected intestinal-type gastric cancer. Oncologist 2024; 29:e1280-e1290. [PMID: 38907674 PMCID: PMC11448893 DOI: 10.1093/oncolo/oyae124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2024] [Accepted: 05/04/2024] [Indexed: 06/24/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tumor microenvironment (TME) characteristics including tumor stroma ratio (TSR), tumor budding (TB), and tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) were examined in resected gastric cancer. These TME features have been shown to indicate metastatic potential in colon cancer, and intestinal-type gastric cancer (IGC) has pathological similarities with that malignancy. METHODS TSR, TB, and TILs were quantified in routine histological sections from 493 patients with IGC who underwent radical resection at 2 university hospitals in China from 2010 to 2016. TME variables were dichotomized as follows: TSR (50%), TILs (median), TB per international guidelines (4 buds/0.785mm2), and platelet-lymphocyte ratio (PLR) per survival ROC. Association of TME features with patient clinicopathological characteristics, time-to-recurrence (TTR), and cancer-specific-survival (CSS) were examined using univariate and multivariate analysis, including a relative contribution analysis by Cox regression. RESULTS Patients whose tumors showed high TSR or high TB or low TILs were each significantly associated with increased T and N stage, higher histological grade, and poorer TTR and CSS at 5 years. Only TSR and N stage were independently associated with TTR and CSS after adjustment for covariates. PLR was only independently associated with TTR after adjustment for covariates. Among the variables examined, only TSR was significantly associated with both TTR (HR 1.72, 95% CI, 1.14-2.60, P = .01) and CSS (HR 1.62, 95% CI, 1.05-2.51, P = .03) multivariately. Relative contribution to TTR revealed that the top 3 contributors were N stage (45.1%), TSR (22.5%), and PLR (12.9%), while the top 3 contributors to CSS were N stage (59.9%), TSR (14.7%), and PLR (10.9%). CONCLUSIONS Among the examined TME features, TSR was the most robust for prognostication and was significantly associated with both TTR and CSS. Furthermore, the relative contribution of TSR to patient TTR and CSS was second only to nodal status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun-Fang Tian
- Department of Minimally Invasive Treatment of Cancer, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, 250021, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Hai-Yan Jing
- Department of Pathology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, 250021, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Frank A Sinicrope
- Department of Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, 55905, United States
| | - Jin-Shen Wang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, 250021, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Bin-Bin Gao
- Department of Minimally Invasive Treatment of Cancer, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, 250021, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao-Gang Sun
- Department of Minimally Invasive Treatment of Cancer, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, 250021, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhi-Gang Yao
- Department of Pathology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, 250021, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Le-Ping Li
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, 250021, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | | | - Wei Song
- Department of Minimally Invasive Treatment of Cancer, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, 250021, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Dan Sha
- Department of Minimally Invasive Treatment of Cancer, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, 250021, Shandong, People's Republic of China
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Kaundiyal S, Chandra S, Arora A. Study of tumor budding and its association with clinicopathological parameters in breast carcinoma. REVISTA DA ASSOCIACAO MEDICA BRASILEIRA (1992) 2024; 70:e20240173. [PMID: 39166665 PMCID: PMC11329258 DOI: 10.1590/1806-9282.20240173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2024] [Accepted: 04/19/2024] [Indexed: 08/23/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Tumor budding is a phenomenon in which the tumor cells detach from the main mass and are present at the invasive front. The present study was conducted to study tumor budding in invasive breast carcinoma and to correlate it with clinicopathological parameters and molecular subtypes. METHODS The study was conducted over a period of 1 year, and tumor budding was studied as a single or group of cells at the invasive front of breast carcinoma counted in a high-power field (40×). The grading was statistically correlated with tumor size, grade, lymph node status, lymphovascular invasion, pathological TNM staging, molecular subtype, and survival of patients. RESULTS A total of 50 cases of invasive breast carcinoma were included, out of which 66% (n=33) showed high-grade tumor budding, which was statistically significantly higher in grade 2 invasive ductal carcinoma (p<0.05). High tumor budding was associated with lymphovascular invasion, lymph node metastasis, and a high Ki-67 proliferative index. All cases showing low-grade budding were alive until 6 months of diagnosis, but there was no statistically significant association between stage and budding. CONCLUSION Tumor buds are significantly higher in grade 2 invasive ductal carcinoma with lymphovascular invasion, lymph node metastasis, and a high Ki-67 proliferative index. Immunohistochemistry may prove helpful in distinguishing tumor buds from their mimickers. Further studies with extended follow-up are recommended to predict tumor budding as a prognostic marker in breast carcinoma, which may play an important role in cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suresh Kaundiyal
- Swami Rama Himalayan University, Himalayan Institute of Medical Sciences, Department of Pathology – Dehradun, India
- Swami Rama Himalayan University, Himalayan Institute of Medical Sciences, Department of Surgery – Dehradun, India
| | - Smita Chandra
- Swami Rama Himalayan University, Himalayan Institute of Medical Sciences, Department of Pathology – Dehradun, India
- Swami Rama Himalayan University, Himalayan Institute of Medical Sciences, Department of Surgery – Dehradun, India
| | - Anshika Arora
- Swami Rama Himalayan University, Himalayan Institute of Medical Sciences, Department of Pathology – Dehradun, India
- Swami Rama Himalayan University, Himalayan Institute of Medical Sciences, Department of Surgery – Dehradun, India
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Sivamayuran V, Wijesinghe HD, Constantine R, Lokuhetty MDS. Tumor Budding in Invasive Breast Carcinoma, No Special Type: Association With Pathological Prognostic Factors and Comparison of 2 Different Scoring Systems. Int J Surg Pathol 2024:10668969241260213. [PMID: 39034045 DOI: 10.1177/10668969241260213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/23/2024]
Abstract
Introduction. In contrast to colorectal carcinoma, the significance of tumor budding in breast carcinoma is not established. The X20 objective which is used to assess tumor budding in colorectal carcinoma, is not widely available in countries with limited resources. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of tumor budding and its associations with pathological prognostic factors in invasive breast carcinoma-no special type (IBC-NST), and to assess the correlation between the tumor budding observed using ×20 and ×40 objectives. Methods. A total of 349 excision specimens of IBC-NST were studied. Tumor budding was defined as a single cell/cluster of up to 4 cells at the invasive front and was assessed in hotspots at the advancing edge of the tumor using ×20 and ×40 objectives. Tumor budding was categorized into low (<5/0.785 mm2), intermediate (5-9/0.785 mm2), and high budding (≥10/0.785 mm2) for ×20 objective and low (≤4/0.196 mm2) and high (≥5/0.196 mm2) for ×40 objective based on the number of buds per hotspot. The association between tumor budding and prognostic factors was analyzed with Mann-Whitney U test, Kruskal-Wallis test, χ2 test, and logistic regression. Correlation between tumor budding in ×20 and ×40 objectives was analyzed with Pearson correlation test. Results. The prevalence of tumor budding was 72.5%. There was a significant correlation between the number of buddings observed in ×40 objective and ×20 objective (0.958). High tumor budding observed in both objectives was significantly associated with size (P < .001), lymphovascular invasion (P < .001), perineural invasion (P < .001), lymph node status (P < .001), number of lymph nodes (P < .001), T stage (P < .001), and N stage (P < .001) on univariate analysis, but only lymph node positivity (P < .001) showed significant association on multivariate analysis. Conclusion. Tumor budding assessed with ×20 and ×40 objectives showed a significant correlation and was significantly associated lymph node metastasis on multivariate analysis.
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Dukoska DB, Zdravkovski P, Kostadinova-Kunovska S, Krsteska B, Karagjozov P, Dzambaz D, Nikolovski A, Antovic S, Jankulovski N, Petrushevska G. Tumor Budding as a Prognostic Marker in Primary Colon Cancer - A Single Center Experience. Pril (Makedon Akad Nauk Umet Odd Med Nauki) 2024; 45:47-58. [PMID: 39008643 DOI: 10.2478/prilozi-2024-0015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/17/2024]
Abstract
Introduction: Tumor budding (TB) is considered to be a morphological and prognostic factor relevant to colon cancer (CC). The aim of our study is to assess the TB and to evaluate its relationship to clinicopathological findings within stage II and III CC patients as a single center experience. Materials and methods: A total of 120 CC patients operated between 2018 and 2021 at the University Clinic of Digestive Surgery in Skopje, the Republic of North Macedonia were included in this retrospective, single center study. TB was evaluated by the magnification of 200x along the invasive front of the primary tumor on H&E and CKAE1/AE3 immunohistochemically stained sections. Two grades were used: low grade (TB1, 0-4 TBs) and high-grade, which includes intermediate (TB2, 5-9 TBs) and high grade (TB3 ≥10TBs) of TBs. Results: A statistically significant correlation has been identified between high-grade TB and age (p=0.05) of the patients. There was also a significantly higher occurrence of high-grade TB in patients within stage III CC. Statistically significant correlations were also found in lymph node status (p<0.01), vascular invasion (p<0.05), lymphatic invasion (p<0.01), postoperative relapse (p<0.01), and death (p<0.01). Tumor relapse and death were significantly more frequent in patients with high-grade TB than those with low-grade TB. Patients with registered high-grade TB demonstrated significantly lower relapse-free survival (RFS) and overall survival (OS) rates than patients with low-grade TB over the observation period (RFS: 53.8% vs. 98.5%, p<0.001; OS: 65.4% vs. 97.1%, p<0.001, respectively). Patients with lung and liver postoperative relapses had higher percentage of cases with high-grade TB (94.1%). Conclusion: Our results are highly suggestive that TB should be included as a histological biomarker in the pathology report of patients with stage II and stage III CC, because of its prognostic value.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Bajdevska Dukoska
- 1Institute of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University Ss. Cyril and Methodius, Skopje, RN Macedonia
| | - Panche Zdravkovski
- 1Institute of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University Ss. Cyril and Methodius, Skopje, RN Macedonia
| | | | - Blagica Krsteska
- 1Institute of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University Ss. Cyril and Methodius, Skopje, RN Macedonia
| | - Pance Karagjozov
- 2University Clinic of Digestive Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University Ss. Cyril and Methodius, Skopje, RN Macedonia
| | - Darko Dzambaz
- 2University Clinic of Digestive Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University Ss. Cyril and Methodius, Skopje, RN Macedonia
| | - Andrej Nikolovski
- 3University General City Hospital "Ss Naum Ohridski", University Ss. Cyril and Methodius, Skopje, RN Macedonia
| | - Svetozar Antovic
- 2University Clinic of Digestive Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University Ss. Cyril and Methodius, Skopje, RN Macedonia
| | - Nikola Jankulovski
- 2University Clinic of Digestive Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University Ss. Cyril and Methodius, Skopje, RN Macedonia
| | - Gordana Petrushevska
- 1Institute of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University Ss. Cyril and Methodius, Skopje, RN Macedonia
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Lu T, Ma J, Zou J, Jiang C, Li Y, Han J. CT-based intratumoral and peritumoral deep transfer learning features prediction of lymph node metastasis in non-small cell lung cancer. JOURNAL OF X-RAY SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 2024; 32:597-609. [PMID: 38578874 DOI: 10.3233/xst-230326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/07/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The main metastatic route for lung cancer is lymph node metastasis, and studies have shown that non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) has a high risk of lymph node infiltration. OBJECTIVE This study aimed to compare the performance of handcrafted radiomics (HR) features and deep transfer learning (DTL) features in Computed Tomography (CT) of intratumoral and peritumoral regions in predicting the metastatic status of NSCLC lymph nodes in different machine learning classifier models. METHODS We retrospectively collected data of 199 patients with pathologically confirmed NSCLC. All patients were divided into training (n = 159) and validation (n = 40) cohorts, respectively. The best HR and DTL features in the intratumoral and peritumoral regions were extracted and selected, respectively. Support Vector Machine (SVM), k-Nearest Neighbors (KNN), Light Gradient Boosting Machine (Light GBM), Multilayer Perceptron (MLP), and Logistic Regression (LR) models were constructed, and the performance of the models was evaluated. RESULTS Among the five models in the training and validation cohorts, the LR classifier model performed best in terms of HR and DTL features. The AUCs of the training cohort were 0.841 (95% CI: 0.776-0.907) and 0.955 (95% CI: 0.926-0.983), and the AUCs of the validation cohort were 0.812 (95% CI: 0.677-0.948) and 0.893 (95% CI: 0.795-0.991), respectively. The DTL signature was superior to the handcrafted radiomics signature. CONCLUSIONS Compared with the radiomics signature, the DTL signature constructed based on intratumoral and peritumoral areas in CT can better predict NSCLC lymph node metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianyu Lu
- Department of Radiology, The First Hospital of Jiaxing or The Affiliated Hospital of Jiaxing University, Jiaxing, China
| | - Jianbing Ma
- Department of Radiology, The First Hospital of Jiaxing or The Affiliated Hospital of Jiaxing University, Jiaxing, China
| | - Jiajun Zou
- Department of Radiology, The First Hospital of Jiaxing or The Affiliated Hospital of Jiaxing University, Jiaxing, China
| | - Chenxu Jiang
- Department of Radiology, The First Hospital of Jiaxing or The Affiliated Hospital of Jiaxing University, Jiaxing, China
| | - Yangyang Li
- Department of Radiology, The First Hospital of Jiaxing or The Affiliated Hospital of Jiaxing University, Jiaxing, China
| | - Jun Han
- Department of Radiology, The First Hospital of Jiaxing or The Affiliated Hospital of Jiaxing University, Jiaxing, China
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Silva DJ, Miranda G, Amaro T, Salgado M, Mesquita A. Prognostic Value of Tumor Budding for Early Breast Cancer. Biomedicines 2023; 11:2906. [PMID: 38001907 PMCID: PMC10669365 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11112906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2023] [Revised: 10/22/2023] [Accepted: 10/25/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tumor budding (TB) is a dynamic process associated with the epithelial-mesenchymal transition and a well-established prognostic biomarker for colorectal cancer. As part of the tumor microenvironment, tumor buds demonstrate increased cell motility and invasiveness. Current evidence demonstrates that high levels of TB correlate with disease progression and worst outcomes across different solid tumors. Our work aims to demonstrate the clinical applicability of TB analysis and its utility as a prognostic factor for patients with early breast cancer (EBC). METHODS Retrospective, single-center, observational study, enrolling patients with EBC diagnosed in a Portuguese hospital between 2014 and 2015. TB classification was performed according to the International Tumor Budding Conference 2016 guidelines. RESULTS A statistically significant relation was found between higher TB score and aggressive clinicopathological features (angiolymphatic/perineural invasion-p < 0.001; tumor size-p = 0.012; nuclear grading-p < 0.001; and Ki-67 index-p = 0.011), higher number of relapses (p < 0.001), and short disease-free survival (DFS) (p < 0.001). CONCLUSION We demonstrate that high TB correlates with shorter DFS and aggressive clinicopathological features used in daily practice to decide on the benefit of chemotherapy for EBC. TB represents a needed prognostic biomarker for EBC, comprising a new factor to be considered in the adjuvant decision-making process by identifying patients at a high risk of relapse and with higher benefit on treatment intensification. Clinical trials incorporating TB are needed to validate its prognostic impact.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diogo J. Silva
- Hospital Pedro Hispano, Local Health Unity of Matosinhos, 4464-513 Matosinhos, Portugal (M.S.); (A.M.)
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal
| | - Gonçalo Miranda
- Hospital Pedro Hispano, Local Health Unity of Matosinhos, 4464-513 Matosinhos, Portugal (M.S.); (A.M.)
| | - Teresina Amaro
- Hospital Pedro Hispano, Local Health Unity of Matosinhos, 4464-513 Matosinhos, Portugal (M.S.); (A.M.)
| | - Matilde Salgado
- Hospital Pedro Hispano, Local Health Unity of Matosinhos, 4464-513 Matosinhos, Portugal (M.S.); (A.M.)
| | - Alexandra Mesquita
- Hospital Pedro Hispano, Local Health Unity of Matosinhos, 4464-513 Matosinhos, Portugal (M.S.); (A.M.)
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal
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7
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Gürçay N, Acar LN, Ünal TDK, Tanrıkulu FB, Biner İU, Bulut S, Baykal H, Demirağ F, Fındık G. High grade tumor budding is associated with poor survival in pathologic stage I lung adenocarcinoma. Ann Diagn Pathol 2023; 66:152188. [PMID: 37566939 DOI: 10.1016/j.anndiagpath.2023.152188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2023] [Revised: 08/01/2023] [Accepted: 08/01/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023]
Abstract
AIM Tumor budding is a significant prognostic parameter that has been related to aggressive behavior in early-stage tumors of various origins. The aim of this study was to evaluate the clinicopathological significance of tumor budding in pathologic stage (pStage) I lung adenocarcinomas. METHODS This study comprised 107 patients who underwent curative resection for pStage I lung adenocarcinomas at our hospital between December 2010 and January 2016. We examined tumor budding on routine hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) slides from resected specimens. Tumors were categorized into two groups based on the degree of tumor budding: low grade (grade 0-1) and high grade (grade 2-3). We evaluated the relationship between tumor budding and overall survival (OS), disease-free survival (DFS) and clinicopathological parameters. RESULTS There is a significant difference (p = 0.002) between the 5-year DFS rates of the high-grade and the low-grade tumor budding group, which were 70 % and 90 %, respectively. High-grade tumor budding positive patients from the same pathological stage (p < 0.001; HR = 2.93 [1.51-5.68]) and clinical stage (p = 0.002) had poorer cumulative survival rates than low grade tumor budding positive patients. High grade tumor budding was positively associated with spread through air spaces (STAS) (p < 0 0.001), lymphovascular invasion (LVI) (p < 0.001), tumor necrosis (p < 0.001), high SUVmax value (SUVmax>3.0) (p < 0.001), and tumor size >20 mm (p = 0.024). High-grade tumor budding was significant prognostic factor of OS (p < 0.006) and DFS (p < 0.001) on univariate Cox regression hazard model analysis. However, it did not show significance in the multivariate analysis (p > 0.05). CONCLUSIONS High-grade tumor budding is an independent prognostic factor and associated with adverse clinicopathological features and poor survival rates. We proposed that high-grade tumor budding should be recognized as a new prognostic parameter and will be beneficial in predicting the clinical course in pStage I lung adenocarcinomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nesrin Gürçay
- Department of Pathology, Ankara Atatürk Chest Diseases and Thoracic Surgery Training and Research Hospital, Turkey.
| | - Leyla Nesrin Acar
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Ankara Atatürk Chest Diseases and Thoracic Surgery Training and Research Hospital, Turkey
| | - Tuba Dilay Kökenek Ünal
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Ankara Yildirim Beyazit University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Fatma Benli Tanrıkulu
- Department of Pathology, Ankara Atatürk Chest Diseases and Thoracic Surgery Training and Research Hospital, Turkey
| | - İnci Uslu Biner
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Ankara Atatürk Chest Diseases and Thoracic Surgery Training and Research Hospital, Turkey
| | - Sertan Bulut
- Department of Chest Disease, Ankara Atatürk Chest Diseases and Thoracic Surgery Training and Research Hospital, Turkey
| | - Hüsnü Baykal
- Department of Chest Disease, Ankara Atatürk Chest Diseases and Thoracic Surgery Training and Research Hospital, Turkey
| | - Funda Demirağ
- Department of Pathology, Ankara Atatürk Chest Diseases and Thoracic Surgery Training and Research Hospital, Turkey
| | - Göktürk Fındık
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Ankara Atatürk Chest Diseases and Thoracic Surgery Training and Research Hospital, Turkey
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8
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Ciflik KB, Dogan HT, Dogan E, Ciflik BO, Kocer B, Karaoglanoglu N, Yekeler E. Can tumour budding change the future of pulmonary adenocarcinoma? Pathol Res Pract 2023; 250:154808. [PMID: 37748210 DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2023.154808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2023] [Revised: 08/24/2023] [Accepted: 09/07/2023] [Indexed: 09/27/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pulmonary adenocarcinoma shows different prognosis even in the same pathological subtype and stage. In this study, it is aimed to investigate the relationship between tumour budding and known prognostic values and clinicopathological features in pulmonary adenocarcinoma. METHODS In this study, there have been 77 patients diagnosed with primary pulmonary adenocarcinoma. In the evaluation process, the number of budding between 0 and 4 is accepted as low budding (Bd1), the number of budding between 5 and 9 is considered as medium budding (Bd2), and the number of budding above 10 is considered as high budding (Bd3). RESULTS According to the findings of the study, it can be seen that there is a statistical difference between tumour budding and stromal fibrosis (p < 0.001). The presence of pleural invasion, lymph vascular invasion and perineural invasion in patients with Bd3 is found to be statistically higher than the patients with Bd1 (p = 0.048) (p = 0.041) (p = 0.029). CONCLUSIONS Tumour budding has been associated with pleural invasion, lymph vascular invasion, perineural invasion, and stromal fibrosis. This study is the first to show the relationship between tumour budding and stromal fibrosis in pulmonary adenocarcinomas. The role of tumour budding in lung cancers remains to be clarified.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Hayriye Tatli Dogan
- Department of Pathology, Ankara Yildirim Beyazit University, Ankara, Turkey.
| | - Elif Dogan
- Department of Pathology, Ankara City Hospital, Ankara, Turkey.
| | | | - Bulent Kocer
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Ankara City Hospital, Ankara, Turkey.
| | | | - Erdal Yekeler
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Ankara City Hospital, Ankara, Turkey.
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Chiesa-Estomba CM, Thompson L, Agaimy A, Zidar N, Simpson RHW, Franchi A, Rodrigo JP, Mäkitie AA, Almangush A, Leivo I, Ferlito A. Predictive value of tumor budding in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma: an update. Virchows Arch 2023; 483:441-449. [PMID: 37642731 DOI: 10.1007/s00428-023-03630-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2023] [Revised: 08/16/2023] [Accepted: 08/21/2023] [Indexed: 08/31/2023]
Abstract
Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma forms an anatomically and functionally complex group of malignancies. The significant local aggressiveness and frequent regional relapses motivate ongoing research to identify more reliable and sensitive prognostic and predictive biomarkers. One emerging area of cancer biology is the evaluation of tumor budding at the advancing invasive front of various types of epithelial cancers. Recent studies suggest that tumor budding is a relatively common phenomenon in cancer progression and that it may have important prognostic implications for patients due to its potential to provide valuable insights into the biology and clinical behavior of head and neck cancer. In this review, we aim to provide information about tumor budding in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. Thus, we hope to shed light on the complex biology of these malignancies, as well as aiding diagnostic, classification, and better characterization and thereby, looking for new avenues for improving patient outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos M Chiesa-Estomba
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Osakidetza, Donostia University Hospital, Biodonostia Research Institute, 20014, San Sebastian, Spain.
- Otorhinolaryngology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Deusto University, Bilbao, Spain.
| | - Lester Thompson
- Head and Neck Pathology Consultations, Woodland Hills, CA, 91364, USA
| | - Abbas Agaimy
- Institut Für Pathologie, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Nina Zidar
- Institute of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, 1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | | | - Alessandro Franchi
- Department of Translational Research and of New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, 56126, Pisa, Italy
| | - Juan P Rodrigo
- Department of Otolaryngology, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias, University of Oviedo, ISPA, IUOPA, CIBERONC, Oviedo, Spain
| | - Antti A Mäkitie
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Research Program in Systems Oncology, Helsinki University Hospital, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Alhadi Almangush
- Research Program in Systems Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Pathology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Ilmo Leivo
- Institute of Biomedicine, Pathology, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Alfio Ferlito
- Coordinator of the International Head and Neck, Scientific Group, Padua, Italy
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10
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Akçay EY, Tepeoğlu M, Atılgan AO, Yağcı S, Kılıç D, Özdemir BH. The prognostic significance of tumor budding and the expression of focal adhesion kinase and survivin in lung adenocarcinoma. Ann Diagn Pathol 2023; 66:152167. [PMID: 37329750 DOI: 10.1016/j.anndiagpath.2023.152167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2023] [Revised: 05/15/2023] [Accepted: 05/18/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Adenocarcinoma is the tumor group with the highest incidence among lung cancers with poor prognosis. Tumor budding (TB) is the migration of single tumor cells or small clusters of cells from the neoplastic epithelium to the invasive front of the tumor. Focal adhesion kinase (FAK) and survivin are considered as poor prognostic factors in several tumors. Hence, we investigated TB, FAK, and survivin expression in lung adenocarcinoma. METHODS The study included 103 cases of lung adenocarcinoma in the resection materials. In tumoral tissues; TB was counted and scored in one high-power field (HPF), as low if <5 in 1 HPF and high if ≥5 in 1 HPF. FAK and survivin were studied immunohistochemically. RESULTS The mean number of TB in 1 HPF is 3.96 ± 2.8. Low-grade TB was observed in 45 (43.7 %) and high-grade TB was observed in 58 (56.3 %) patients. There was a positive correlation between TB and pT stage (p = 0.017), clinical stage (p = 0.002), lymphovascular invasion (p = 0.001), and perineural invasion (p = 0.045). The 4-year survival rate in patients was 90 % in those with low-grade TB and 60 % in those with high-grade TB (p = 0.001). FAK and survivin expressions were significantly increased in tumors with high-grade TB (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION A significant correlation was found between the grade of TB and pT stage, clinical stage, lymphovascular and perineural invasion in lung adenocarcinoma. TB can be considered as a histological parameter showing poor prognosis. It is thought that high expression of FAK and survivin also affect the prognosis in these patients by increasing TB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eda Yılmaz Akçay
- Department of Pathology, Baskent University, Faculty of Medicine, Bahcelievler, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Merih Tepeoğlu
- Department of Pathology, Baskent University, Faculty of Medicine, Bahcelievler, Ankara, Turkey.
| | - Alev Ok Atılgan
- Department of Pathology, Baskent University, Faculty of Medicine, Bahcelievler, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Sergen Yağcı
- Department of Pathology, Baskent University, Faculty of Medicine, Bahcelievler, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Dalokay Kılıç
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Baskent University, Faculty of Medicine, Bahcelievler, Ankara, Turkey
| | - B Handan Özdemir
- Department of Pathology, Baskent University, Faculty of Medicine, Bahcelievler, Ankara, Turkey
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11
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Luo L, Liu H. High-grade tumor budding is a risk factor for survival in patients with laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma. Braz J Otorhinolaryngol 2023; 89:101310. [PMID: 37678011 PMCID: PMC10495643 DOI: 10.1016/j.bjorl.2023.101310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2023] [Revised: 08/07/2023] [Accepted: 08/12/2023] [Indexed: 09/09/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE With the increasing incidence and mortality of laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma worldwide, researchers continue to search for novel prognostic factors and treatment methods for preventing early laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma from becoming advanced laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma. This study aims to determine if tumor budding is an independent risk factor associated with the survival of patients with laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma. METHODS 268 cases of laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma were studied, and tumor budding was analyzed for associations with clinicopathological features and clinical outcomes. RESULTS Tumor budding was divided into low-grade tumor budding (0-6/0.785 mm2) and high-grade tumor budding (≥7/0.785 mm2) based on the results of the receiver operating characteristics curve analysis. Logistic regression analysis showed that smaller tumor cell nests, the low levels of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes, and higher pathological T staging were the risk factors for high-grade tumor budding (p < 0.05). In the low-grade tumor budding group, there was no statistic difference in survival between patients without tumor budding and those with 1-6/0.785 mm2 tumor budding. Multivariate survival analysis showed high-grade tumor budding (p < 0.001) was independent prognostic factors for disease-free survival and overall survival in laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma. High-grade tumor budding was also an independent prognostic factor for disease-free survival (p = 0.037) and overall survival (p = 0.009) in T1-2N0 laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma. CONCLUSIONS Smaller tumor cell nests, the low levels of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes, and higher pathological T staging were closely associated with high-grade tumor budding in laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma. High-grade tumor budding may be an adverse risk factor that affects not only the disease-free survival and overall survival of laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma patients but also the survival of T1-2N0 laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma patients. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE Level 4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Luo
- Capital Medical University, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Beijing Key Laboratory of Head and Neck Molecular Diagnostic Pathology, Department of Pathology, Beijing, China; Capital Medical University, Beijing Luhe Hospital, Department of Pathology, Beijing, China
| | - Honggang Liu
- Capital Medical University, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Beijing Key Laboratory of Head and Neck Molecular Diagnostic Pathology, Department of Pathology, Beijing, China.
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12
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Zombori-Tóth N, Hegedűs F, Almási S, Sejben A, Tiszlavicz L, Furák J, Cserni G, Zombori T. Proposal of a grading system for squamous cell carcinoma of the lung - the prognostic importance of tumour budding, single cell invasion, and nuclear diameter. Virchows Arch 2023; 483:393-404. [PMID: 37555982 PMCID: PMC10542270 DOI: 10.1007/s00428-023-03612-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2023] [Revised: 06/16/2023] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 08/10/2023]
Abstract
The prognostic markers of lung squamous cell carcinoma (LSCC) are less investigated. The aim of our study was to evaluate tumour budding (TB), minimal cell nest size, nuclear diameter (ND), and spread through air spaces (STAS) among patients with resected LSCC, semi-quantitatively. Furthermore, we aimed to identify a grading system for the best prognostic stratification of LSCC. Patients who underwent surgical resection at the Department of Surgery, University of Szeged between 2010 and 2016 were included. Follow-up data were collected from medical charts. Morphological characteristics were recorded from histologic revision of slides. Kaplan-Meier analysis, log rank test and Cox proportional-hazards model, ROC curve analysis, and intraclass correlation were utilised. Altogether 220 patients were included. In univariate analysis, higher degree of TB, infiltrative tumour border, larger ND, the presence of single cell invasion (SCI) and STAS were associated with adverse prognosis. Based on our results, we proposed an easily applicable grading scheme focusing on TB, ND, and SCI. In multivariate analysis, the proposed grading system (pOS < 0.001, pRFS < 0.001) and STAS (pOS = 0.008, pRFS < 0.001) were independent prognosticators. Compared to the previously introduced grading systems, ROC curve analysis revealed that the proposed grade had the highest AUC values (AUCOS: 0.83, AUCRFS: 0.78). Each category of the proposed grading system has good (ICC: 0.79-0.88) reproducibility. We validated the prognostic impact of TB, SCI, ND, and STAS in LSCC. We recommend a reproducible grading system combining TB, SCI, and ND for proper prognostic stratification of LSCC patients. Further research is required for validation of this grading scheme.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Fanni Hegedűs
- Department of Pathology, Albert Szent-Györgyi Medical Centre, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Szintia Almási
- Department of Pathology, Albert Szent-Györgyi Medical Centre, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Anita Sejben
- Department of Pathology, Albert Szent-Györgyi Medical Centre, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - László Tiszlavicz
- Department of Pathology, Albert Szent-Györgyi Medical Centre, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - József Furák
- Department of Surgery, Albert Szent-Györgyi Medical Centre, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Gábor Cserni
- Department of Pathology, Albert Szent-Györgyi Medical Centre, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
- Department of Pathology, Bács-Kiskun County Teaching Hospital, Kecskemét, Hungary
| | - Tamás Zombori
- Department of Pathology, Albert Szent-Györgyi Medical Centre, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary.
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13
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Sun J, Zhao W, Zhang C, Zheng E, Jiang X, Wang L, Hayashi T, Sasaki E, Tachibana M, Zhao G. Multiple bronchiolar adenomas/ciliated muconodular papillary tumors of the bilateral lung with tumor budding and potential malignant transformation into squamous cell carcinoma: a case report and literature review. Transl Lung Cancer Res 2023; 12:1611-1624. [PMID: 37577314 PMCID: PMC10413017 DOI: 10.21037/tlcr-23-374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2023] [Accepted: 07/12/2023] [Indexed: 08/15/2023]
Abstract
Background Bronchiolar adenoma (BA)/ciliated muconodular papillary tumor (CMPT) is a rare lung tumor characterized by ciliated, mucous and basal cells. Recently, some cases of driver mutations or malignant transformations have been reported. However, the nature of BA/CMPT remains controversial. Here, we report a case of bilateral pulmonary multiple BAs with tumor budding and squamous metaplasia. Case Description A 55-year-old man presented with multiple small nodules in the lower lobes of the bilateral lungs on physical examination 7 years prior. During the past 3 years of regular follow-up, some nodules had slightly enlarged. Because the nodules were mostly solid, the patient underwent video-assisted thoracoscopic segmentectomy of the left lower lung. A postoperative pathological diagnosis of BA was made. In all lesions, the fusion and mutation of major driver genes were not detected by next-generation sequencing (NGS). No recurrence or metastasis was observed after 37 months of follow-up. Notably, all five resected lesions were BA/CMPT, and one lesion was accompanied by squamous metaplasia and tumor budding. Conclusions Our report found that BA/CMPT with squamous metaplasia and tumor budding has the potential to transform into lung squamous cell carcinoma, expanding its connection with malignant transformation. Smoking may be one of the risk factors. We also found that BA/CMPT can be multiple lesions rather than a solitary lesion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaen Sun
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Ningbo No. 2 Hospital, Ningbo, China
- Health Science Center, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Weidi Zhao
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Ningbo No. 2 Hospital, Ningbo, China
- Health Science Center, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Chong Zhang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Ningbo No. 2 Hospital, Ningbo, China
- Health Science Center, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Enkuo Zheng
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Ningbo No. 2 Hospital, Ningbo, China
| | - Xu Jiang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Ningbo No. 2 Hospital, Ningbo, China
| | - Li Wang
- Department of Pathology, Ningbo Clinical Pathology Diagnosis Center, Ningbo, China
| | - Takuo Hayashi
- Department of Human Pathology, Graduate School of Medicine, Juntendo University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Eiichi Sasaki
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Diagnostics, Aichi Cancer Center Hospital, Nagoya, Japan
- Clinical Research Center, National Hospital Organization Nagoya Medical Center, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Mitsuhiro Tachibana
- Department of Diagnostic Pathology, Shimada General Medical Center, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Guofang Zhao
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Ningbo No. 2 Hospital, Ningbo, China
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Cholesterol depletion affects caveolin-1 expression, migration and invasion of oral tongue squamous cell carcinoma cell lines. Arch Oral Biol 2023; 150:105675. [PMID: 36989864 DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2023.105675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2022] [Revised: 12/21/2022] [Accepted: 03/10/2023] [Indexed: 03/18/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Cholesterol is a key lipid molecule within cell membranes. This is especially true in cavelolas, invaginated membrane nanodomains, which present the protein caveolin-1 (CAV-1). It is important to note that this structure is involved in many cell signalling pathways. Additionally, high cholesterol is seen in different tumor types but little is known in regards to oral tongue squamous cell carcinoma (OTSCC). The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of cholesterol depletion on primary (SCC-25) and metastatic (HSC-3) OTSCC cell lines. MATERIALS AND METHODS Cell membrane fluidity, cell viability, gene and protein expression of CAV-1 and of epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) markers, cell migration in Myogel and invasion-myoma assay were evaluated after cholesterol depletion with methyl-β-cyclodextrin (MβCD - 7.5, 10 or 15 mM) RESULTS: Decreased cell viability and increased membrane fluidity of SCC-25 cells was seen with cholesterol depletion but cell viability was less affected and there was no effect on membrane fluidity in HSC-3. Cholesterol depletion also decreased CAV-1 at 6 h but increased it after 24 h.; both epithelial and mesenchymal EMT genes were upregulated after 6 h, followed by downregulation at 24 h in SCC-25. In HSC-3, CAV-1 was downregulated, and E-cadherin gene (ECAD) was upregulated at 6 h. Only the protein β-catenin in SCC-25 was affected, and cell migration of both cell lines was decreased, affecting SCC-25 more intensely. The invasive capacity within human myoma organotypic model was increased in SCC-25 and decreased in HSC-3. CONCLUSION Cholesterol depletion affects CAV-1 and ECAD inversely. This affect also depends on cell type since the invasive capacity was augmented in primary cells while decreased in metastatic cells.
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15
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Okuyama K, Suzuki K, Yanamoto S. Relationship between Tumor Budding and Partial Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition in Head and Neck Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:cancers15041111. [PMID: 36831453 PMCID: PMC9953904 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15041111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2023] [Revised: 02/04/2023] [Accepted: 02/07/2023] [Indexed: 02/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Tumor budding (TB), a microscopic finding in the stroma ahead of the invasive fronts of tumors, has been well investigated and reported as a prognostic marker in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is a crucial step in tumor progression and metastasis, and its status cannot be distinguished from TB. The current understanding of partial EMT (p-EMT), the so-called halfway step of EMT, focuses on the tumor microenvironment (TME). Although this evidence has been investigated, the clinicopathological and biological relationship between TB and p-EMT remains debatable. At the invasion front, previous research suggested that cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) are important for tumor progression, metastasis, p-EMT, and TB formation in the TME. Although there is biological evidence of TB drivers, no report has focused on their organized functional relationships. Understanding the mechanism of TB onset and the relationship between p-EMTs may facilitate the development of novel diagnostic and prognostic methods, and targeted therapies for the prevention of metastasis in epithelial cancer. Thus far, major pieces of evidence have been established from colorectal cancer (CRC), due to a large number of patients with the disease. Herein, we review the current understanding of p-EMT and TME dynamics and discuss the relationship between TB development and p-EMT, focusing on CAFs, hypoxia, tumor-associated macrophages, laminin-integrin crosstalk, membrane stiffness, enzymes, and viral infections in cancers, and clarify the gap of evidence between HNSCC and CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kohei Okuyama
- Department of Periodontics and Oral Medicine, School of Dentistry, University of Michigan, 1011 North University Ave, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
- University of Michigan Rogel Cancer Center, 1600 Huron Pathway, Ann Arbor, MI 48105, USA
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgical Oncology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45, Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8510, Japan
- Correspondence: or
| | - Keiji Suzuki
- Department of Radiation Medical Sciences, Atomic Bomb Disease Institute, Nagasaki University, 1-12-4, Sakamoto, Nagasaki 852-8523, Japan
| | - Souichi Yanamoto
- Department of Oral Oncology, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, 1-2-3, Kasumi, Minami-ku, Hiroshima 734-8553, Japan
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Man YG, Mannion C, Jewett A, Hsiao YH, Liu A, Semczuk A, Zarogoulidis P, Gapeev AB, Cimadamore A, Lee P, Lopez-Beltran A, Montironi R, Massari F, Lu X, Cheng L. The most effective but largely ignored target for prostate cancer early detection and intervention. J Cancer 2022; 13:3463-3475. [PMID: 36313040 PMCID: PMC9608211 DOI: 10.7150/jca.72973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2022] [Accepted: 10/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Over the past two decades, the global efforts for the early detection and intervention of prostate cancer seem to have made significant progresses in the basic researches, but the clinic outcomes have been disappointing: (1) prostate cancer is still the most common non-cutaneous cancer in Europe in men, (2) the age-standardized prostate cancer rate has increased in nearly all Asian and African countries, (3) the proportion of advanced cancers at the diagnosis has increased to 8.2% from 3.9% in the USA, (4) the worldwide use of PSA testing and digital rectal examination have failed to reduce the prostate cancer mortality, and (5) there is still no effective preventive method to significantly reduce the development, invasion, and metastasis of prostate cancer… Together, these facts strongly suggest that the global efforts during the past appear to be not in a correlated target with markedly inconsistent basic research and clinic outcomes. The most likely cause for the inconsistence appears due to the fact that basic scientific studies are traditionally conducted on the cell lines and animal models, where it is impossible to completely reflect or replicate the in vivo status. Thus, we would like to propose the human prostate basal cell layer (PBCL) as “the most effective target for the early detection and intervention of prostate cancer”. Our proposal is based on the morphologic, immunohistochemical and molecular evidence from our recent studies of normal and cancerous human prostate tissues with detailed clinic follow-up data. We believe that the human tissue-derived basic research data may provide a more realistic roadmap to guide the clinic practice and to avoid the potential misleading from in vitro and animal studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan-gao Man
- Department of Pathology, Hackensack Meridian School of Medicine, Nutley, NJ, USA,✉ Corresponding authors: Yan-gao Man., MD., PhD. E-mail: or or Liang Cheng., MD. E-mail: or
| | - Ciaran Mannion
- Department of Pathology, Hackensack Meridian School of Medicine, Nutley, NJ, USA
| | - Anahid Jewett
- Tumor Immunology Laboratory, Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, UCLA School of Dentistry and Medicine, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Yi-Hsuan Hsiao
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Changhua Christian Hospital, Changhua, Taiwan
| | - Aijun Liu
- Department of Pathology, Chinese PLA General Hospital 7 th Medical Center, Beijing, China
| | - Andrzej Semczuk
- II ND Department of Gynecology, Lublin Medical University, Lublin, Poland
| | - Paul Zarogoulidis
- Pulmonary-Oncology Department, "Theageneio" Cancer Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Andrei B. Gapeev
- Laboratory of Biological Effects of Non-Ionizing Radiation, Institute of Cell Biophysics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Russian Federation
| | - Alessia Cimadamore
- Section of Pathological Anatomy, Polytechnic University of the Marche Region, School of Medicine, United Hospitals, Ancona, Italy
| | - Peng Lee
- Department of Pathology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA.,Department of Pathology, New York Harbor Healthcare System, New York, NY, USA
| | - Antonio Lopez-Beltran
- Department of Morphological Sciences, Cordoba University Medical School, Cordoba, Spain
| | - Rodolfo Montironi
- Molecular Medicine and Cell Therapy Foundation, Department of Clinical & Molecular Sciences, Polytechnic University of the Marche Region, Ancona, Italy
| | - Francesco Massari
- Medical Oncology, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Xin Lu
- Department of Biological Sciences, Boler-Parseghian Center for Rare and Neglected Diseases, Harper Cancer Research Institute, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, USA.,Tumor Microenvironment and Metastasis Program, Indiana University Melvin and Bren Simon Comprehensive Cancer Center, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Liang Cheng
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Brown University Medical School
- Lifespan Academic Medical Center, RI, USA.,✉ Corresponding authors: Yan-gao Man., MD., PhD. E-mail: or or Liang Cheng., MD. E-mail: or
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Zheng S, Luo J, Xie S, Lu S, Liu Q, Xiao H, Luo W, Huang Y, Liu K. Tumor budding of cervical squamous cell carcinoma: epithelial-mesenchymal transition-like cancer stem cells? PeerJ 2022; 10:e13745. [PMID: 35860042 PMCID: PMC9291004 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.13745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2022] [Accepted: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Recent evidence indicates that cancer stem cells (CSCs) are the origin of cancers. Scientists have identified CSCs in various tumors and have suggested the existence of a variety of states of CSCs. The existence of epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT)-like CSCs has been confirmed in vitro, but they have not been identified in vivo. Tumor budding was defined as single cell or clusters of ≤ 5 cells at the invasive front of cancers. Such tumor budding is hypothesized to be closely related to EMT and linked to CSCs, especially to those migrating at the invasive front. Therefore, tumor budding has been proposed to represent EMT-like stem cells. However, this hypothesis has not yet been proven. Thus, we studied the expression of EMT markers, certain CSC markers of tumor budding, and the tumor center of cervical squamous cell carcinoma (CxSCC). We performed tissue chip analyses of 95 primary CxSCCs from patients. Expression of EMT and CSC markers (E-cadherin, β-catenin, vimentin, Ki67, CD44, SOX2 , and ALDH1A1) in a set of tumor samples on tissue chips (87 cases of tumor budding/the main tumor body) were evaluated by immunohistochemistry. We found that the cell-membranous expression of β-catenin was stronger in the main tumor body than in tumor buds. Compared with the main tumor body, tumor buds had reduced proliferative activity as measured by Ki67. Moreover, vimentin expression was high and E-cadherin expression was low in tumor buds. Expression of EMT-related markers suggested that tumor buds were correlated with EMT. We noted that CxSCC tumor buds had a CD44negative/low/SOX2high/ALDH1A1high staining pattern, indicating that tumor buds of CxSCC present CSC-like immunophenotypic features. Taken together, our data indicate that tumor buds in CxSCC may represent EMT-like CSCs in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaoqiu Zheng
- Department of Pathology, Meizhou People’s Hospital, Meizhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Jing Luo
- Department of Pelvic Radiotherapy, Meizhou People’s Hospital, Meizhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Shoucheng Xie
- Department of Pathology, Meizhou People’s Hospital, Meizhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Shanming Lu
- Department of Pathology, Meizhou People’s Hospital, Meizhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Qinghua Liu
- Department of Pathology, Meizhou People’s Hospital, Meizhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Huanqin Xiao
- Department of Pathology, Meizhou People’s Hospital, Meizhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Wenjuan Luo
- Department of Pathology, Meizhou People’s Hospital, Meizhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Yanfang Huang
- Department of Pathology, Meizhou People’s Hospital, Meizhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Kun Liu
- Department of Pathology, Meizhou People’s Hospital, Meizhou, Guangdong, China
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Chen M, Wang X, Wang W, Gui X, Li Z. Immune- and Stemness-Related Genes Revealed by Comprehensive Analysis and Validation for Cancer Immunity and Prognosis and Its Nomogram in Lung Adenocarcinoma. Front Immunol 2022; 13:829057. [PMID: 35833114 PMCID: PMC9271778 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.829057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2021] [Accepted: 05/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) is a familiar lung cancer with a very poor prognosis. This study investigated the immune- and stemness-related genes to develop model related with cancer immunity and prognosis in LUAD. Method The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) was utilized for obtaining original transcriptome data and clinical information. Differential expression, prognostic value, and correlation with clinic parameter of mRNA stemness index (mRNAsi) were conducted in LUAD. Significant mRNAsi-related module and hub genes were screened using weighted gene coexpression network analysis (WGCNA). Meanwhile, immune-related differential genes (IRGs) were screened in LUAD. Stem cell index and immune-related differential genes (SC-IRGs) were screened and further developed to construct prognosis-related model and nomogram. Comprehensive analysis of hub genes and subgroups, involving enrichment in the subgroup [gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA)], gene mutation, genetic correlation, gene expression, immune, tumor mutation burden (TMB), and drug sensitivity, used bioinformatics and reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) for verification. Results Through difference analysis, mRNAsi of LUAD group was markedly higher than that of normal group. Clinical parameters (age, gender, and T staging) were ascertained to be highly relevant to mRNAsi. MEturquoise and MEblue were found to be the most significant modules (including positive and negative correlations) related to mRNAsi via WGCNA. The functions and pathways of the two mRNAsi-related modules were mainly enriched in tumorigenesis, development, and metastasis. Combining stem cell index-related differential genes and immune-related differential genes, 30 prognosis-related SC-IRGs were screened via Cox regression analysis. Then, 16 prognosis-related SC-IRGs were screened to construct a LASSO regression model at last. In addition, the model was successfully validated by using TCGA-LUAD and GSE68465, whereas c-index and the calibration curves were utilized to demonstrate the clinical value of our nomogram. Following the validation of the model, GSEA, immune cell correlation, TMB, clinical relevance, etc., have found significant difference in high- and low-risk groups, and 16-gene expression of the SC-IRG model also was tested by RT-PCR. ADRB2, ANGPTL4, BDNF, CBLC, CX3CR1, and IL3RA were found markedly different expression between the tumor and normal group. Conclusion The SC-IRG model and the prognostic nomogram could accurately predict LUAD survival. Our study used mRNAsi combined with immunity that may lay a foundation for the future research studies in LUAD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengqing Chen
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, the Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Xue Wang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, the Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Wenjun Wang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, the Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Xuemei Gui
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, the Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Zhan Li
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burn and Combined Injury, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Central Laboratory, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burn and Combined Injury, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
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Thakur N, Ailia MJ, Chong Y, Shin OR, Yim K. Tumor Budding as a Marker for Poor Prognosis and Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition in Lung Cancer: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Front Oncol 2022; 12:828999. [PMID: 35719992 PMCID: PMC9201279 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.828999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2021] [Accepted: 05/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Currently, tumor budding (TB) is considered to predict the prognosis of patients. The prognostic significance of TB has also been explored in patients with lung cancer, but has not been fully clarified. In the present meta-analysis, we evaluated the prognostic significance, clinicopathological value, and relationship with epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT) of TB in lung cancer. Methods The MEDLINE, EMBASE, and Cochrane databases were searched up to July 7, 2021, for the relevant articles that showed the relationship between TB and prognosis in patients with lung cancer. For statistical analysis, we used pooled hazard ratios (HRs) with their corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CIs) to assess the correlation between high-grade TB expression and overall survival (OS), disease-free survival (DFS), progression-free survival (PFS), clinicopathological factors, and EMT markers. Results A total of 3,784 patients from 10 independent studies were included in the statistical analysis. Our results indicated that high-grade TB was significantly associated with poor OS [HR 1.64 (95% CI, 1.43–1.87)] and DFS [HR 1.65 (95% CI, 1.22–2.25)]. In terms of clinicopathological characteristics, high-grade TB was associated with larger tumor size, higher T and N stage, pleural invasion, vascular invasion, lymphatic invasion, and severe nuclear atypia. Interestingly, smoking showed significant association with high-grade TB, despite the fact that previous studies could not show a significant relationship between them. Furthermore, through our systematic analysis, high-grade TB showed a significant relationship with EMT markers. Conclusion Our findings indicate that high-grade TB is associated with a worse prognosis in patients with lung cancer. TB evaluation should be implemented in routine pathological diagnosis, which may guide the patient’s treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nishant Thakur
- Department of Hospital Pathology, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Muhammad Joan Ailia
- Department of Hospital Pathology, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Yosep Chong
- Department of Hospital Pathology, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Ok Ran Shin
- Department of Hospital Pathology, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Kwangil Yim
- Department of Hospital Pathology, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, South Korea
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Laksmi LI, Seja IA, Warli SM. The Association between Tumor Budding Peritumoral and Histologic Grade in Penile Squamous Cell Carcinoma. Open Access Maced J Med Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.3889/oamjms.2022.8592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
ABSTRACTIntroduction Squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) is the largest type of Penile Cancer, which is usually lymphomatous that spreads to the inguinal lymph nodes. Inguinal lymph node metastases are the most important factor in predicting survival in penile SCC and therapy choices. Tumor budding is a biological phenomenon that has been described in malignancies and have both predictive and independent significant prognostic. Lack of information about tumor budding in penile SCC. This study determines whether there is a correlation between tumor budding peritumoral with histological grade in penile SCC.
Materials and Methods : Samples are taken from the paraffin blocks of patients diagnosed with penile SCC. The tumor budding peritumoral evaluation was classified as less 5 buds (low grade) and five or more buds (high grade) using H&E staining. Histological grade of penile SCC is assessed based on the WHO, and ISUP grade scoring system evaluated based on nuclear pleomorphism with varying amounts of keratin production, which is divided into 3 grade; grade I (well-differentiated carcinoma), grade II (moderately differentiated carcinoma), grade III (poorly differentiated carcinoma). The correlation of tumor budding peritumoral with histopathological grade in penile SCC was analyzed statistically.
Results The mean age of SCC patient was 51.16 years old with range 60-69 years old had the most respondents. The glans penis is the most prevalent site for a tumor, with stage IIIB is being the most dominant stage. The majority of the samples were from lymph node metastases. The majority of peritumoral budding tumors (60.7 percent) had high-grade budding.
Conclusions This research discovered a significant correlation between peritumoral budding tumors and grade histopathology of Penile SCC (p-value = 0.0005).
Keywords: Tumor budding, peritumoral, histopathological grade, penile SCC
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21
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Qian L, Zhang J, Lu S, He X, Feng J, Shi J, Liu Y. Potential key roles of tumour budding: a representative malignant pathological feature of non-small cell lung cancer and a sensitive indicator of prognosis. BMJ Open 2022; 12:e054009. [PMID: 35361643 PMCID: PMC8971788 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2021-054009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To investigate the relationship between tumour budding, clinicopathological characteristics of patients and prognosis in non-small cell lung cancer. STUDY DESIGN A retrospective study was used. PARTICIPANTS We selected 532 patients with non-small cell lung cancer from China, including 380 patients with adenocarcinoma and 152 with squamous cell carcinoma. PRIMARY AND SECONDARY OUTCOME MEASURES Tumour budding was visible using H&E staining as well as pancytokeratin staining. The count data and measurement data were compared using the χ2 test and the t-test, respectively. The overall survival rate was the follow-up result. The survival curves were drawn using the Kaplan-Meier method, and the differences between groups were analysed using the log-rank method. The independent prognostic factor of patients with lung cancer was determined using a multivariate Cox proportional hazard model. RESULTS In patients with lung adenocarcinoma, there was a correlation between tumour budding and spread through air spaces (OR 36.698; 95% CI 13.925 to 96.715; p<0.001), and in patients with squamous cell carcinoma, tumour budding state was closely related to the peritumoural space (OR 11.667; 95% CI 4.041 to 33.683; p<0.001). On Cox regression analysis, multivariate analysis showed that tumour budding, pleural and vascular invasion, spread through air spaces, tumour size, lymph node metastasis, and tumour node metastasis stage were independent risk factors of prognosis for patients with non-small cell lung cancer. CONCLUSIONS As an effective and simple pathological diagnostic index, it is necessary to establish an effective grading system in the clinical diagnosis of lung cancer to verify the value of tumour budding as a prognostic indicator. We hope that this analysis of Chinese patients with non-small cell lung cancer can provide useful reference material for the continued study of tumour budding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Qian
- Pathology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Jianguo Zhang
- Pathology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Shumin Lu
- Oncology, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xin He
- Pathology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Jia Feng
- Pathology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Jiahai Shi
- Nantong Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine in Cardiothoracic Diseases, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Yifei Liu
- Pathology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, China
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Gao LF, Zhong Y, Long T, Wang X, Zhu JX, Wang XY, Hu ZY, Li ZG. Tumor bud-derived CCL5 recruits fibroblasts and promotes colorectal cancer progression via CCR5-SLC25A24 signaling. J Exp Clin Cancer Res 2022; 41:81. [PMID: 35241150 PMCID: PMC8892738 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-022-02300-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2021] [Accepted: 02/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Tumor budding is included in the routine diagnosis of colorectal cancer (CRC) and is considered a tumor prognostic factor independent of TNM staging. This study aimed to identify the fibroblast-mediated effect of tumor bud-derived C–C chemokine ligand 5 (CCL5) on the tumor microenvironment (TME). Methods Recruitment assays and a human cytokine array were used to detect the main cytokines that CRC tumor buds secrete to recruit fibroblasts. siRNA transfection and inhibitor treatment were used to investigate the role of fibroblast CCL5 receptors in fibroblast recruitment. Subsequently, transcriptome sequencing was performed to explore the molecular changes occurring in fibroblasts upon stimulation with CCL5. Finally, clinical specimens and orthotopic xenograft mouse models were studied to explore the contribution of CCL5 to angiogenesis and collagen synthesis. Results Hematoxylin–eosin staining and immunochemistry revealed a higher number of fibroblasts at the invasive front of CRC tissue showing tumor budding than at sites without tumor budding. In vitro experiments demonstrated that CCL5 derived from tumor buds could recruit fibroblasts by acting on the CCR5 receptors on fibroblasts. Tumor bud-derived CCL5 could also positively regulate solute carrier family 25 member 24 (SLC25A24) expression in fibroblasts, potentially activating pAkt-pmTOR signaling. Moreover, CCL5 could increase the number of α-SMAhigh CD90high FAPlow fibroblasts and thus promote tumor angiogenesis by enhancing VEGFA expression and making fibroblasts transdifferentiate into vascular endothelial cells. Finally, the results also showed that CCL5 could promote collagen synthesis through fibroblasts, thus contributing to tumor progression. Conclusions At the invasive front of CRC, tumor bud-derived CCL5 can recruit fibroblasts via CCR5-SLC25A24 signaling, further promoting angiogenesis and collagen synthesis via recruited fibroblasts, and eventually create a tumor-promoting microenvironment. Therefore, CCL5 may serve as a potential diagnostic marker and therapeutic target for tumor budding in CRC. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13046-022-02300-w.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling-Fang Gao
- Department of Pathology, Shenzhen Hospital, Southern Medical University, Shenzhen, 518101, Guangdong, China.,Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, Guangdong, China
| | - Yan Zhong
- Department of Pathology, Shenzhen Hospital, Southern Medical University, Shenzhen, 518101, Guangdong, China
| | - Ting Long
- Department of Pathology, Shenzhen Hospital, Southern Medical University, Shenzhen, 518101, Guangdong, China
| | - Xia Wang
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, Guangdong, China
| | - Jia-Xian Zhu
- Department of Pathology, Shenzhen Hospital, Southern Medical University, Shenzhen, 518101, Guangdong, China
| | - Xiao-Yan Wang
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, Guangdong, China.,Department of Pathology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, Guangdong, China
| | - Zhi-Yan Hu
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, Guangdong, China.,Department of Pathology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, Guangdong, China
| | - Zu-Guo Li
- Department of Pathology, Shenzhen Hospital, Southern Medical University, Shenzhen, 518101, Guangdong, China. .,Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, Guangdong, China.
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Wang H, Wang S, Zhu X, Ding W, Shen T, Fan H, Zhang Y, Peng L, Yuan H, Liu X, Ling J, Sun J. Development of a Novel MR Colonography via Iron-Based Solid Lipid Nanoparticles. Int J Nanomedicine 2022; 17:821-836. [PMID: 35228799 PMCID: PMC8881925 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s347498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2021] [Accepted: 02/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To develop an iron-based solid lipid nanoparticle (SLN) absorbable by the intestinal wall and assess the differential diagnostic value of intestinal lesions in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). METHODS SLNs were prepared with the simultaneous loading of trivalent Fe ions (Fe3+), levodopa methyl ester (DM), and fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC). We evaluated the particle size, loading rate, encapsulation efficiency, and cytotoxicity of SLNs. The T1 contrast effects of the FeDM-FITC-SLNs and gadolinium-based contrast agent (GBCA) were compared in different mouse models: acute ulcerative colitis (AUC), chronic ulcerative colitis (CUC), colon adenocarcinoma (COAD), and normal control. MRI was performed in the same mouse with intravenous injection of GBCA on day 1 and enema of FeDM-FITC-SLNs on day 2. The signal-to-noise ratios (SNRs) were compared using one-way analysis of variance. Tissues were then collected for histology. RESULTS The average particle size of FeDM-FITC-SLN was 220 nm. The mean FeDM loading rate was 94.3%, and the encapsulation efficiency was 60.3%. The relaxivity was 4.02 mM-1·s-1. After enema with FeDM-FITC-SLNs, MRI showed the following contrast enhancement duration: AUC = COAD > normal > CUC. Confocal fluorescence microscopy confirmed that FeDM-FITC-SLNs were mainly distributed in the intestinal mucosa and tumor capsule. CONCLUSION Iron-based SLNs are promising alternatives for contrast enhancement at T1-weighted MRI and will help in the differential diagnosis of intestinal bowel diseases (IBDs).
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Affiliation(s)
- Huiyang Wang
- Department of Radiology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310016, People’s Republic of China
| | - Siqi Wang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xisong Zhu
- Department of Radiology, Quzhou Central Hospital Affiliated to Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Quzhou, 324002, People’s Republic of China
| | - Wenxiu Ding
- Department of Ultrasound Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310003, People’s Republic of China
| | - Tianlun Shen
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, People’s Republic of China
| | - Hongjie Fan
- Department of Radiology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310016, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yanhua Zhang
- Department of Pathology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310016, People’s Republic of China
| | - Lijun Peng
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310030, People’s Republic of China
| | - Hong Yuan
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310030, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiangrui Liu
- Department of Pharmacology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310058, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jun Ling
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jihong Sun
- Department of Radiology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310016, People’s Republic of China
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Liu K, Li K, Wu T, Liang M, Zhong Y, Yu X, Li X, Xie C, Zhang L, Liu X. Improving the accuracy of prognosis for clinical stage I solid lung adenocarcinoma by radiomics models covering tumor per se and peritumoral changes on CT. Eur Radiol 2021; 32:1065-1077. [PMID: 34453574 DOI: 10.1007/s00330-021-08194-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2020] [Revised: 06/22/2021] [Accepted: 07/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To assess methods to improve the accuracy of prognosis for clinical stage I solid lung adenocarcinoma using radiomics based on different volumes of interests (VOIs). METHODS This retrospective study included patients with postoperative clinical stage I solid lung adenocarcinoma from two hospitals, center 1 and center 2. Three databases were generated: dataset A (training set from center 1), dataset B (internal test set from center 1), and dataset C (external validation test from center 2). Disease-free survival (DFS) data were collected. CT radiomics models were constructed based on four VOIs: gross tumor volume (GTV), 3 mm external to the tumor border (peritumoral volume [PTV]0~+3), 6 mm crossing tumor border (PTV-3~+3), and 6 mm external to the tumor border (PTV0~+6). The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) was used to compare the model accuracies. RESULTS A total of 334 patients were included (204 and 130 from centers 1 and 2). The model using PTV-3~+3 (AUC 0.81 [95% confidence interval {CI}: 0.75, 0.94], 0.81 [0.63, 0.90] for datasets B and C) outperformed the other three models, GTV (0.73 [0.58, 0.81], 0.73 [0.58, 0.83]), PTV0~+3 (0.76 [0.52, 0.87], 0.75 [0.60, 0.83]), and PTV0~+6 (0.72 [0.60, 0.81], 0.69 [0.59, 0.81]), in datasets B and C, all p < 0.05. CONCLUSIONS A radiomics model based on a VOI of 6 mm crossing tumor border more accurately predicts prognosis of clinical stage I solid lung adenocarcinoma than that based on VOIs including overall tumor or external rims of 3 mm and 6 mm. KEY POINTS • Radiomics is a useful approach to improve the accuracy of prognosis for stage I solid adenocarcinoma. • The radiomics model based on VOIs that includes 3 mm within and external to the tumor border (peritumoral volume [PTV]-3~+3) outperformed models that included either only the tumor itself or those that only included the peritumoral volume.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kunfeng Liu
- Department of Radiology, Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai, China
| | - Kunwei Li
- Department of Radiology, Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai, China
| | - Tingfan Wu
- Translational Medicine Team, GE Healthcare, Shanghai, China
| | - Mingzhu Liang
- Department of Radiology, Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai, China
| | - Yinghua Zhong
- Department of Radiology, Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai, China
| | - Xiangyang Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Department of Thoracic Surgery, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xin Li
- Translational Medicine Team, GE Healthcare, Shanghai, China
| | - Chuanmiao Xie
- Department of Radiology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lanjun Zhang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xueguo Liu
- Department of Radiology, Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai, China. .,Department of Radiology, Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China.
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Wang YW, Chen CJ, Huang HC, Wang TC, Chen HM, Shih JY, Chen JS, Huang YS, Chang YC, Chang RF. Dual energy CT image prediction on primary tumor of lung cancer for nodal metastasis using deep learning. Comput Med Imaging Graph 2021; 91:101935. [PMID: 34090261 DOI: 10.1016/j.compmedimag.2021.101935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2020] [Revised: 02/02/2021] [Accepted: 05/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Lymph node metastasis (LNM) identification is the most clinically important tasks related to survival and recurrence from lung cancer. However, the preoperative prediction of nodal metastasis remains a challenge to determine surgical plans and pretreatment decisions in patients with cancers. We proposed a novel deep prediction method with a size-related damper block for nodal metastasis (Nmet) identification from the primary tumor in lung cancer generated by gemstone spectral imaging (GSI) dual-energy computer tomography (CT). The best model is the proposed method trained by the 40 keV dataset achieves an accuracy of 86 % and a Kappa value of 72 % for Nmet prediction. In the experiment, we have 11 different monochromatic images from 40∼140 keV (the interval is 10 keV) for each patient. When we used the model of 40 keV dataset, there has significant difference in other energy levels (unit of keV). Therefore, we apply in 5-fold cross-validation to explain the lower keV is more efficient to predict Nmet of the primary tumor. The result shows that tumor heterogeneity and size contributed to the proposed model to estimate whether absence or presence of nodal metastasis from the primary tumor.
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Affiliation(s)
- You-Wei Wang
- Department of Computer Science and Information Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chii-Jen Chen
- Department of Medical Imaging and Radiological Technology, Yuanpei University of Medical Technology, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Hsu-Cheng Huang
- Department of Medical Imaging, Taipei City Hospital, Yangming Branch, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Teh-Chen Wang
- Department of Medical Imaging, Taipei City Hospital, Yangming Branch, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hsin-Ming Chen
- Department of Medical Imaging, National Taiwan University Hospital and National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Jin-Yuan Shih
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital and National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Jin-Shing Chen
- Department of Surgery, National Taiwan University Hospital and National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Sen Huang
- Department of Medical Imaging, National Taiwan University Hospital and National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yeun-Chung Chang
- Department of Medical Imaging, National Taiwan University Hospital and National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan.
| | - Ruey-Feng Chang
- Department of Computer Science and Information Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.
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Mozarowski P, Rasaiah B, Reed M, Lewis A, Walde N, Voutsadakis IA. Prognostic Role of Tumor Budding in Breast Cancer Patients Receiving Neo-Adjuvant Therapy. J Clin Med 2021; 10:jcm10040827. [PMID: 33670512 PMCID: PMC7922902 DOI: 10.3390/jcm10040827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2020] [Revised: 02/11/2021] [Accepted: 02/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Isolated tumor cells or small clusters of tumor cells observed in the vicinity of the main tumor mass in pathology sections, termed tumor budding, are common in cancers and have been associated with prognosis in some settings. This study examined the clinical associations and treatment efficacy implications of tumor budding in breast cancer patients receiving neo-adjuvant therapy. Methods: Breast cancer patients that received neo-adjuvant therapy before definitive surgical treatment in a single cancer center over a 7-year period were included, and their records were reviewed. Data extracted included patient demographics, tumor characteristics and pathologic response to treatment at surgery. The initial breast cancer biopsy before any therapy was reviewed by two pathologists, and a hot spot area was evaluated for tumor budding (defined as 1 to 5 cancer cells observed detached from the main tumor mass). Results: Seventy-five patients who received neo-adjuvant therapy (73 received chemotherapy and 2 received hormonal therapy) were included. Tumor budding was observed in two-thirds of the patients. There were no significant differences in patient (age and menopause status) and tumor (stage, histology and molecular sub-type equivalent) characteristics between the group that had tumor budding and the group that did not have tumor budding in the pre-treatment biopsy. Likewise, no statistically significant differences were observed in the frequency of complete or partial responses between the two groups. Conclusion: In this cohort of breast cancer patients receiving neo-adjuvant therapy, tumor budding was frequent, but it was not associated with tumor characteristics or pathologic responses to treatment. The value of tumor budding as a prognostic factor in the neo-adjuvant setting within the general breast cancer population could not be confirmed, but such a value in specific sub-groups deserves further investigation, given the pathophysiologic rationale and data from other settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul Mozarowski
- Department of Pathology, Sault Area Hospital, Sault Ste. Marie, ON P6B 0A8, Canada; (P.M.); (B.R.)
| | - Bhubendra Rasaiah
- Department of Pathology, Sault Area Hospital, Sault Ste. Marie, ON P6B 0A8, Canada; (P.M.); (B.R.)
| | - Melissa Reed
- Clinical Trials Unit, Sault Area Hospital, Sault Ste. Marie, ON P6B 0A8, Canada; (M.R.); (A.L.); (N.W.)
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa School of Medicine, Ottawa, ON KK1H 8M5, Canada
| | - Alexis Lewis
- Clinical Trials Unit, Sault Area Hospital, Sault Ste. Marie, ON P6B 0A8, Canada; (M.R.); (A.L.); (N.W.)
- Department of Biology, Algoma University, Sault Ste. Marie, ON P6A 2G4, Canada
| | - Natalie Walde
- Clinical Trials Unit, Sault Area Hospital, Sault Ste. Marie, ON P6B 0A8, Canada; (M.R.); (A.L.); (N.W.)
| | - Ioannis A. Voutsadakis
- Algoma District Cancer Program, Sault Area Hospital, Sault Ste. Marie, ON P6B 0A8, Canada
- Section of Internal Medicine, Division of Clinical Sciences, Northern Ontario School of Medicine, Sudbury, ON P3E 2C6, Canada
- Correspondence:
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Bednarz-Misa I, Bromke MA, Krzystek-Korpacka M. Interleukin (IL)-7 Signaling in the Tumor Microenvironment. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2021; 1290:9-49. [PMID: 33559853 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-55617-4_2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Interleukin (IL)-7 plays an important immunoregulatory role in different types of cells. Therefore, it attracts researcher's attention, but despite the fact, many aspects of its modulatory action, as well as other functionalities, are still poorly understood. The review summarizes current knowledge on the interleukin-7 and its signaling cascade in context of cancer development. Moreover, it provides a cancer-type focused description of the involvement of IL-7 in solid tumors, as well as hematological malignancies.The interleukin has been discovered as a growth factor crucial for the early lymphocyte development and supporting the growth of malignant cells in certain leukemias and lymphomas. Therefore, its targeting has been explored as a treatment modality in hematological malignancies, while the unique ability to expand lymphocyte populations selectively and without hyperinflammation has been used in experimental immunotherapies in patients with lymphopenia. Ever since the early research demonstrated a reduced growth of solid tumors in the presence of IL-7, the interleukin application in boosting up the anticancer immunity has been investigated. However, a growing body of evidence indicative of IL-7 upregulation in carcinomas, facilitating tumor growth and metastasis and aiding drug-resistance, is accumulating. It therefore becomes increasingly apparent that the response to the IL-7 stimulus strongly depends on cell type, their developmental stage, and microenvironmental context. The interleukin exerts its regulatory action mainly through phosphorylation events in JAK/STAT and PI3K/Akt pathways, while the significance of MAPK pathway seems to be limited to solid tumors. Given the unwavering interest in IL-7 application in immunotherapy, a better understanding of interleukin role, source in tumor microenvironment, and signaling pathways, as well as the identification of cells that are likely to respond should be a research priority.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iwona Bednarz-Misa
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Mariusz A Bromke
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw, Poland
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Tumor budding in upper urinary tract urothelial carcinoma: a putative prognostic factor for extraurothelial recurrence and overall survival. Virchows Arch 2021; 479:45-55. [PMID: 33404852 DOI: 10.1007/s00428-020-02989-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2020] [Revised: 11/07/2020] [Accepted: 12/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Tumor budding, defined as a single cancer cell or clusters of fewer than five cancer cells observed at the tumor invasion front, has been reported to be associated with poor prognosis in various types of cancers. However, limited information regarding the pathological and prognostic significance of tumor budding in upper urinary tract urothelial carcinoma (UUTUC) is available. We investigated 135 consecutive patients with newly diagnosed invasive UUTUCs (73 with renal pelvic cancers and 62 with ureteral cancers) treated with nephroureterectomy or partial ureterectomy between 1999 and 2018 in our hospital. Under a × 200 magnification, tumors with 10 or more budding foci were defined as "high tumor budding". The median follow-up period was 53.6 months. Among the 135 patients, 41 (30%; 16 with renal pelvic cancers and 25 with ureteral cancers) showed high tumor budding. High tumor budding was related to adjuvant chemotherapy status, higher pathological T stage, lymphovascular invasion, lymph node metastasis, tumor location, concomitant variant histology, and non-papillary gross finding. The multivariate Cox analysis revealed that LVI and high tumor budding were independent predictors for extraurothelial recurrence (P = 0.039 and 0.014, hazard ratio = 2.50 and 2.88, respectively), and high tumor budding was an independent predictor for overall survival (P = 0.024, hazard ratio = 2.33). Tumor budding can be easily introduced in clinical practice with no need for immunohistochemical analysis, may be an important clinicopathological factor of UUTUC, and is suggested to be useful as a novel predictive prognostic factor of patients with invasive UUTUC.
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Wahab A, Onkamo O, Pirinen M, Almangush A, Salo T. The budding and depth of invasion model in oral cancer: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Oral Dis 2020; 28:275-283. [PMID: 33031610 DOI: 10.1111/odi.13671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2020] [Revised: 09/21/2020] [Accepted: 09/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tumour budding (B) and depth of invasion (D) have both been reported as promising prognostic markers in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). This meta-analysis assessed the prognostic value of the tumour budding and depth of invasion combination (BD model) in OSCC. METHODS Databases including Ovid MEDLINE, PubMed, Scopus and Web of Science were searched for articles that studied the BD model as a prognosticator in OSCC. PICO search strategy was "In OSCC patients, does BD model have a prognostic power?" We used the reporting recommendations for tumour marker prognostic studies (REMARK) criteria to evaluate the quality of studies eligible for systematic review and meta-analysis. RESULTS Nine studies were relevant as they analysed the BD model for prognostication of OSCC. These studies used either haematoxylin and eosin (HE) or pan-cytokeratin (PCK)-stained resected sections of OSCC. Our meta-analysis showed a significant association of BD model with OSCC disease-free survival (hazard ratio = 2.02; 95% confidence interval = 1.44-2.85). CONCLUSIONS The BD model is a simple and reliable prognostic indicator for OSCC. Evaluation of the BD model from HE- or PCK-stained sections could facilitate individualized treatment planning for OSCC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Awais Wahab
- Department of Pathology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.,Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Diseases, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Oona Onkamo
- Cancer Research and Translational Medicine Research Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Matti Pirinen
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.,Department of Public Health, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.,Department of Mathematics and Statistics, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Alhadi Almangush
- Department of Pathology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.,Research Program in Systems Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.,Institute of Biomedicine, Pathology, University of Turku, Turku, Finland.,Faculty of Dentistry, University of Misurata, Misurata, Libya
| | - Tuula Salo
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Diseases, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.,Cancer and Translational Medicine Research Unit, Medical Research Center Oulu, University of Oulu and Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland
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Abstract
Tumour budding is an emerging prognostic biomarker in colorectal cancer (CRC) and other solid cancers. Tumour buds are usually defined as isolated single cancer cells or clusters of up to four cancer cells located at the invasive tumour front. The prognostic value of tumour budding is now supported by a large body of evidence, whereas the utility of this phenotype as a predictive biomarker remains under investigation. The application of tumour budding indices in clinical practice requires a standardized scoring system that can be tailored to specific tumour types and clinical scenarios. In the context of CRC, tumour budding can be assessed according to the method agreed at the International Tumour Budding Consensus Conference (ITBCC) in 2016. Using the ITBCC scoring system, tumour budding is an independent predictor of lymph node metastasis in patients with pT1 CRC and of unfavourable survival in patients with stage II colon cancer. Regardless of the clinical scenario or tumour type, the assertion that 'the more tumour buds, the worse the clinical outcome' applies. In this Review, we provide an overview of tumour budding in solid cancers, highlighting the molecular and biological aspects of this phenomenon, including its associations with epithelial-mesenchymal transition and features of the tumour microenvironment. We also describe the available evidence demonstrating the value of tumour budding as a biomarker across various solid cancers.
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Discohesive growth pattern (Disco-p) as an unfavorable prognostic factor in lung adenocarcinoma: an analysis of 1062 Japanese patients with resected lung adenocarcinoma. Mod Pathol 2020; 33:1722-1731. [PMID: 32313186 DOI: 10.1038/s41379-020-0537-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2019] [Revised: 03/22/2020] [Accepted: 03/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Discohesive growth pattern (Disco-p) is often observed in lung adenocarcinoma (ADC) and mimics tumor budding (TB), stromal invasive-type micropapillary pattern (SMPP), and complex glandular pattern. However, the clinical impact of Disco-p in lung ADC has not been well studied. To investigate the prognostic significance of Disco-p, we analyzed 1062 Japanese patients with resected lung ADC. Disco-p was defined as an invasive growth pattern composed of single tumor cells, or trabeculae or small nests of tumor cells associated with desmoplastic fibrous stroma. We recorded the percentage of Disco-p in 5% increments independent of the major histologic pattern and investigated its correlation with different clinicopathological factors. We also analyzed the overall survival (OS) and disease-free survival (DFS). Disco-p was observed in 203 tumors (19.1%). Disco-p was significantly associated with male sex, smoking, lymph node metastasis, large tumor size, high TNM stage, lymphovascular and pleural invasion, spread through air spaces, and TB (all, p < 0.001). Of the total cases, only eight cases exhibited a dubious pattern between SMPP and Disco-p. Disco-p was also associated with wild-type EGFR (p < 0.001) and ALK fusion (p = 0.008). Patients harboring tumors with Disco-p had significantly worse prognoses (OS and DFS (both, p < 0.001)) compared with those without Disco-p. On multivariate analysis, Disco-p was an independent prognostic factor of worse OS (hazard ratio (HR), 2.572; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.789-3.680; p < 0.001), and DFS (HR, 3.413; 95% CI, 2.482-4.683; p < 0.001), whereas TB was not an independent unfavorable prognostic factor. Disco-p was an independent unfavorable prognostic factor in patients with resected lung ADC, although a careful evaluation is necessary to distinguish it from similar patterns. We proposed that Disco-p should be recognized as a new invasive pattern and accurately recorded for the better management of patients with lung ADCs.
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Tumour budding and its clinical implications in gastrointestinal cancers. Br J Cancer 2020; 123:700-708. [PMID: 32601463 PMCID: PMC7462864 DOI: 10.1038/s41416-020-0954-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2019] [Revised: 04/17/2020] [Accepted: 06/02/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Tumour budding in colorectal cancer has become an important prognostic factor. Represented by single cells or small tumour cell clusters at the invasion front of the tumour mass, these tumour buds seem to reflect cells in a ‘hybrid’ state of epithelial–mesenchymal transition, and evidence indicates that the presence of these entities is associated with lymph node metastasis, local recurrence and distant metastatic disease. The International Tumour Budding Consensus Conference (ITBCC) has highlighted a scoring system for the reporting of tumour budding in colorectal cancer, as well as different clinical scenarios that could affect patient management. Other organs are not spared: tumour budding has been described in numerous gastrointestinal and non-gastrointestinal cancers. Here, we give an update on ITBCC validation studies in the context of colorectal cancer and the clinical implications of tumour budding throughout the upper gastrointestinal and pancreatico-biliary tract.
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Neppl C, Zlobec I, Schmid RA, Berezowska S. Validation of the International Tumor Budding Consensus Conference (ITBCC) 2016 recommendation in squamous cell carcinoma of the lung-a single-center analysis of 354 cases. Mod Pathol 2020; 33:802-811. [PMID: 31796876 DOI: 10.1038/s41379-019-0413-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2019] [Revised: 10/25/2019] [Accepted: 10/28/2019] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
There are no universally accepted grading systems in pulmonary squamous cell carcinoma (pSQCC). Recently, tumor budding, cell nest size, and spread through airspaces (STAS) have been proposed as grading scheme candidates. Tumor budding is a well-established independent prognostic factor in colorectal cancer. The International Tumor Budding Consensus Conference (ITBCC) provided consensus on scoring in 2016, albeit for colorectal cancers. Here, we aimed to validate the ITBCC method in pSQCC and evaluate additional proposed grading parameters. We analyzed a fully clinico-pathologically annotated Western single-center cohort of 354 consecutive primary resected pSQCC (resected 2000-2013). Patients with SQCC of other organs were excluded to reliably exclude lung metastases. We assessed conventional grading, keratinization, STAS, and tumor budding according to ITBCC recommendations, and correlated them with clinico-pathological parameters and survival. Tumor budding was low (0-4 buds/0.785 mm2) in 41%, intermediate (5-9 buds/0.785 mm2) in 30%, and high (≥10 buds/0.785 mm2) in 29% of cases (mean bud count = 7.45 (H&E), min = 0, max = 84). Cell nests of 1, 2-4, 5-15, >15 cells were present in 68%, 20%, 5%, 7%, respectively. We detected STAS in 33% of cases, desmoplasia in 68%. Tumor budding assessed as continuous and categorized variables was highly concordant between hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) and pancytokeratin (AE1/AE3) stained slides (P < 0.001) and significantly associated with tumor size, UICC/AJCC pT, pN, stage (all P < 0.001) and presence of mediastinal lymph node metastases (H&E: P = 0.028). Tumor budding was a significant prognostic parameter for overall, disease-specific, and progression-free survival (PFS) (all P < 0.001). ITBCC tumor budding categories were independent prognostic factors for overall survival (HR = 1.581; 95% CI 1.186-2.108; P = 0.002), disease-specific survival (HR = 1.710; 95% CI 1.111-2.632; P = 0.015), and PFS (HR = 1.457; 95% CI 1.123-1.890; P = 0.005). STAS or conventional tumor grade had no prognostic value. In conclusion, we confirm tumor budding as an independent prognostic marker in pSQCC and validate the ITBCC 2016 scoring recommendations in pSQCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina Neppl
- Institute of Pathology, University of Bern, Murtenstrasse 31, 3010, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Inti Zlobec
- Institute of Pathology, University of Bern, Murtenstrasse 31, 3010, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Ralph A Schmid
- Division of General Thoracic Surgery, Inselspital University Hospital Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Sabina Berezowska
- Institute of Pathology, University of Bern, Murtenstrasse 31, 3010, Bern, Switzerland.
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Zhang S, Wang X, Gupta A, Fang X, Wang L, Zhang C. Expression of IL-17 with tumor budding as a prognostic marker in oral squamous cell carcinoma. Am J Transl Res 2019; 11:1876-1883. [PMID: 30972211 PMCID: PMC6456524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2018] [Accepted: 01/11/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
We evaluated the relationship between IL-17 expression and tumor budding in the oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) tumor invasion front (TIF). We also analyzed the correlation between OSCC prognosis and the co-expression of IL-17 and tumor budding. We obtained tumor tissues, tumor margins, and adjacent normal tissues from a total of 80 patients with OSCC. We measured IL-17 expression by ELISA and performed hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) and immunohistochemical staining to evaluate the presentation of tumor budding and IL-17 expression in the TIF. IL-17 expression was significantly increased in the tumor tissues and margins compared with that in the normal tissues, which was confirmed by immunohistochemical staining. There were correlations between IL-17-positive tumor budding and T classification, lymph node metastasis, distant metastasis, clinical stage, and recurrence. In a multivariate survival analysis, the IL-17-positive tumor budding, besides tumor budding alone, was highly correlated with prognosis. Our results demonstrate a positive relationship between IL-17 expression and tumor budding in the OSCC TIF. IL-17 combined with tumor budding can serve as a valuable predictor of prognosis for patients with OSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shijian Zhang
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial-Head and Neck Oncology, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghai, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Oral DiseasesShanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology and Shanghai Research Institute of StomatologyShanghai, China
| | - Xudong Wang
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial-Head and Neck Oncology, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghai, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Oral DiseasesShanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology and Shanghai Research Institute of StomatologyShanghai, China
| | - Anand Gupta
- Department of Dentistry, Government Medical College and HospitalChandigarh, India
| | - Xin Fang
- Unit of Biostatistics, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska InstituteStockholm 17177, Sweden
| | - Lei Wang
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial-Head and Neck Oncology, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghai, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Oral DiseasesShanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology and Shanghai Research Institute of StomatologyShanghai, China
| | - Chenping Zhang
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial-Head and Neck Oncology, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghai, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Oral DiseasesShanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology and Shanghai Research Institute of StomatologyShanghai, China
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Demir A, Alan O, Oruc E. Tumor budding for predicting prognosis of resected rectum cancer after neoadjuvant treatment. World J Surg Oncol 2019; 17:50. [PMID: 30871581 PMCID: PMC6419499 DOI: 10.1186/s12957-019-1588-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2019] [Accepted: 02/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Rectum cancer is a type of colorectal cancer. Its etiology and etiopathogenesis are similar to other colon diseases. We aimed to evaluate the tumor budding for predicting prognosis of resected rectum cancer patients. METHODS We retrospectively collected the data of 75 operated rectum adenocarcinoma patients who were treated neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy between 2013 and 2018 in Umraniye Research and Training Hospital and Acıbadem University Medical Oncology Outpatient Clinic. Tumor budding was investigated as a prognostic factor for disease-free survival. RESULTS This study included 75 rectum cancer patients and 51 were male (68%). Median age was 56 (range 19 to 77 years). There were 29 (39%) and 46 (61%) patients in tumor budding low-intermediate and high groups respectively. In multivariate analysis, tumor budding was found to be an independent prognostic factor for disease-free survival (p = 0.00). CONCLUSIONS According to our study, having high tumor budding suggests a high likelihood of relapse. Therefore, we might need additional follow-up protocol in these patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atakan Demir
- Division of Medical Oncology, Acibadem University School of Medicine, Acibadem Maslak Hospital, Buyukdere Cad. No: 40, 34457, Maslak, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ozkan Alan
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Marmara University Faculty of Medicine, Pendik Education and Research Hospital, Marmara University, Fevzi Cakmak Mahallesi, Muhsin Yazicioğlu Cd No:10, 34899, Pendik, Istanbul, Turkey.
| | - Ertugrul Oruc
- Division of Pathology, Istanbul Tuzla State Hospital, Içmeler Mah. Piri Reis Cad. No:74, Tuzla, Istanbul, Turkey
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Karpathiou G, Vieville M, Gavid M, Camy F, Dumollard JM, Magné N, Froudarakis M, Prades JM, Peoc'h M. Prognostic significance of tumor budding, tumor‐stroma ratio, cell nests size, and stroma type in laryngeal and pharyngeal squamous cell carcinomas. Head Neck 2019; 41:1918-1927. [DOI: 10.1002/hed.25629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2018] [Revised: 12/08/2018] [Accepted: 12/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Georgia Karpathiou
- Department of PathologyNorth Hospital, University Hospital of Saint‐Etienne Saint‐Etienne France
| | - Marine Vieville
- Department of Head and Neck SurgeryNorth Hospital, University Hospital of Saint‐Etienne Saint‐Etienne France
| | - Marie Gavid
- Department of Head and Neck SurgeryNorth Hospital, University Hospital of Saint‐Etienne Saint‐Etienne France
| | - Florian Camy
- Department of PathologyNorth Hospital, University Hospital of Saint‐Etienne Saint‐Etienne France
| | - Jean Marc Dumollard
- Department of PathologyNorth Hospital, University Hospital of Saint‐Etienne Saint‐Etienne France
| | - Nicolas Magné
- Radiotherapy DepartmentLucien Neuwirth Cancer Institute Saint‐Etienne France
| | - Marios Froudarakis
- Department of Pneumology and Thoracic OncologyNorth Hospital, University Hospital of Saint‐Etienne Saint‐Etienne France
| | - Jean Michel Prades
- Department of Head and Neck SurgeryNorth Hospital, University Hospital of Saint‐Etienne Saint‐Etienne France
| | - Michel Peoc'h
- Department of PathologyNorth Hospital, University Hospital of Saint‐Etienne Saint‐Etienne France
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Zhu Y, Liu H, Xie N, Liu X, Huang H, Wang C, Hou J. Impact of tumor budding in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma: A meta‐analysis. Head Neck 2018; 41:542-550. [PMID: 30549142 DOI: 10.1002/hed.25462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2017] [Revised: 06/11/2018] [Accepted: 08/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Yue Zhu
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial SurgeryGuanghua School of Stomatology, Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat‐sen University Guangzhou China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of StomatologySun Yat‐sen University Guangzhou China
| | - Haichao Liu
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial SurgeryGuanghua School of Stomatology, Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat‐sen University Guangzhou China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of StomatologySun Yat‐sen University Guangzhou China
| | - Nan Xie
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of StomatologySun Yat‐sen University Guangzhou China
- Department of Oral PatholgoyGuanghua School of Stomatology, Hospital of Stomatology Guangzhou China
| | - Xiqiang Liu
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial SurgeryGuanghua School of Stomatology, Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat‐sen University Guangzhou China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of StomatologySun Yat‐sen University Guangzhou China
| | - Hongzhang Huang
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial SurgeryGuanghua School of Stomatology, Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat‐sen University Guangzhou China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of StomatologySun Yat‐sen University Guangzhou China
| | - Cheng Wang
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial SurgeryGuanghua School of Stomatology, Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat‐sen University Guangzhou China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of StomatologySun Yat‐sen University Guangzhou China
| | - Jinsong Hou
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial SurgeryGuanghua School of Stomatology, Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat‐sen University Guangzhou China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of StomatologySun Yat‐sen University Guangzhou China
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Dou TH, Coroller TP, van Griethuysen JJM, Mak RH, Aerts HJWL. Peritumoral radiomics features predict distant metastasis in locally advanced NSCLC. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0206108. [PMID: 30388114 PMCID: PMC6214508 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0206108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2018] [Accepted: 10/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Radiomics provides quantitative tissue heterogeneity profiling and is an exciting approach to developing imaging biomarkers in the context of precision medicine. Normal-appearing parenchymal tissues surrounding primary tumors can harbor microscopic disease that leads to increased risk of distant metastasis (DM). This study assesses whether computed-tomography (CT) imaging features of such peritumoral tissues can predict DM in locally advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Material and methods 200 NSCLC patients of histological adenocarcinoma were included in this study. The investigated lung tissues were tumor rim, defined to be 3mm of tumor and parenchymal tissue on either side of the tumor border and the exterior region extended from 3 to 9mm outside of the tumor. Fifteen stable radiomic features were extracted and evaluated from each of these regions on pre-treatment CT images. For comparison, features from expert-delineated tumor contours were similarly prepared. The patient cohort was separated into training and validation datasets for prognostic power evaluation. Both univariable and multivariable analyses were performed for each region using concordance index (CI). Results Univariable analysis reveals that six out of fifteen tumor rim features were significantly prognostic of DM (p-value < 0.05), as were ten features from the visible tumor, and only one of the exterior features was. Multivariablely, a rim radiomic signature achieved the highest prognostic performance in the independent validation sub-cohort (CI = 0.64, p-value = 2.4×10−5) significantly over a multivariable clinical model (CI = 0.53), a visible tumor radiomics model (CI = 0.59), or an exterior tissue model (CI = 0.55). Furthermore, patient stratification by the combined rim signature and clinical predictor led to a significant improvement on the clinical predictor alone and also outperformed stratification using the combined tumor signature and clinical predictor. Conclusions We identified peritumoral rim radiomic features significantly associated with DM. This study demonstrated that peritumoral imaging characteristics may provide additional valuable information over the visible tumor features for patient risk stratification due to cancer metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tai H. Dou
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Thibaud P. Coroller
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States of America
| | - Joost J. M. van Griethuysen
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States of America
- Netherlands Cancer Institute (NKI), Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Raymond H. Mak
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States of America
| | - Hugo J. W. L. Aerts
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States of America
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Voutsadakis IA. Prognostic role of tumor budding in breast cancer. World J Exp Med 2018; 8:12-17. [PMID: 30211020 PMCID: PMC6134264 DOI: 10.5493/wjem.v8.i2.12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2018] [Revised: 08/04/2018] [Accepted: 08/13/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Tumor budding, defined as a small number of cancer cells observed in pathology sections detached from the main tumor mass, is a common phenomenon in cancer. It is suggested that cells in buds are in the process of actively moving away from the primary tumor in the first step of metastasis. Tumor budding has been observed in a variety of carcinomas and is best studied in colorectal cancers where it portends poor prognosis. More recently, tumor budding was found to be of prognostic significance in other cancers including breast cancer. Tumor budding in breast cancer is associated with other adverse pathologic factors, such as larger tumor size and lymphovascular invasion, but may have additional independent prognostic value. In the future, standardization of the quantification criteria for tumor budding may further aid in its adoption as a prognostic marker.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ioannis A Voutsadakis
- Algoma District Cancer Program, Sault Area Hospital, Sault Ste. Marie, Ontario, Canada; and Section of Internal Medicine, Division of Clinical Sciences, Northern Ontario School of Medicine, Sudbury, P3E 2C6, Canada
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40
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Chen YY, Huang TW. Prognostic factors of patients with pathologic stage I lung adenocarcinoma. J Thorac Dis 2018; 10:S1115-S1118. [PMID: 29850191 DOI: 10.21037/jtd.2018.04.37] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ying-Yi Chen
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei
| | - Tsai-Wang Huang
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei
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Almangush A, Pirinen M, Heikkinen I, Mäkitie AA, Salo T, Leivo I. Tumour budding in oral squamous cell carcinoma: a meta-analysis. Br J Cancer 2018; 118:577-586. [PMID: 29190636 PMCID: PMC5830589 DOI: 10.1038/bjc.2017.425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2017] [Revised: 10/27/2017] [Accepted: 10/30/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tumour budding has been reported as a promising prognostic marker in many cancers. This meta-analysis assessed the prognostic value of tumour budding in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). METHODS We searched OvidMedline, PubMed, Scopus and Web of Science for articles that studied tumour budding in OSCC. We used reporting recommendations for tumour marker (REMARK) criteria to evaluate the quality of studies eligible for meta-analysis. RESULTS A total of 16 studies evaluated the prognostic value of tumour budding in OSCC. The meta-analysis showed that tumour budding was significantly associated with lymph node metastasis (odds ratio=7.08, 95% CI=1.75-28.73), disease-free survival (hazard ratio=1.83, 95% CI=1.34-2.50) and overall survival (hazard ratio=1.88, 95% CI=1.25-2.82). CONCLUSIONS Tumour budding is a simple and reliable prognostic marker for OSCC. Evaluation of tumour budding could facilitate personalised management of OSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alhadi Almangush
- Department of Patholosgy, University of Helsinki, Haartmaninkatu 3, PO Box 21, Helsinki FIN-00014, Finland
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Diseases, University of Helsinki, Haartmaninkatu 8, PO Box 63, Helsinki FI-00014, Finland
- Institute of Dentistry, University of Misurata, PO Box 2478, Misurata, Libya
| | - Matti Pirinen
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), University of Helsinki, Helsinki FIN-00014, Finland
- Helsinki Institute for Information Technology HIIT and Department of Mathematics and Statistics, University of Helsinki, Helsinki FIN-00014, Finland
- Department of Public Health, University of Helsinki, Helsinki FIN-00014, Finland
| | - Ilkka Heikkinen
- Department of Patholosgy, University of Helsinki, Haartmaninkatu 3, PO Box 21, Helsinki FIN-00014, Finland
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Diseases, University of Helsinki, Haartmaninkatu 8, PO Box 63, Helsinki FI-00014, Finland
| | - Antti A Mäkitie
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology – Head and Neck Surgery, Helsinki University Hospital and University of Helsinki, Kasarminkatu 11-13, Helsinki FI-00130, Finland
| | - Tuula Salo
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Diseases, University of Helsinki, Haartmaninkatu 8, PO Box 63, Helsinki FI-00014, Finland
- Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki FIN-00014, Finland
- Research Group of Cancer Research and Translational Medicine, Medical Faculty, University of Oulu, PO Box 5281, Oulu 90014, Finland
- Medical Research Center, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu 90220, Finland
| | - Ilmo Leivo
- Department of Pathology, University of Turku, Kiinamyllynkatu 10, Turku 20520, Finland
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Tumor Budding and PDC Grade Are Stage Independent Predictors of Clinical Outcome in Mismatch Repair Deficient Colorectal Cancer. Am J Surg Pathol 2018; 42:60-68. [DOI: 10.1097/pas.0000000000000931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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Laedrach C, Salhia B, Cihoric N, Zlobec I, Tapia C. Immunophenotypic profile of tumor buds in breast cancer. Pathol Res Pract 2017; 214:25-29. [PMID: 29254793 PMCID: PMC7474545 DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2017.11.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2017] [Revised: 11/20/2017] [Accepted: 11/28/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tumor buds are associated with lympho-vascular invasion and lymph node metastases leading to the assumption that they are involved in the early metastatic process. Hence, it would be important to know if tumor buds can be targeted with the most widely used targeted therapies in breast cancer (BC) and if changes in hormone and Her2 status occur. The aim of this study was to answer these questions by determining whether hormone receptor (HR) and Her2 status are expressed in the tumor buds of a large cohort of BCs. DESIGN We constructed a tumor bud next-generation tissue microarray (ngTMA) consisting of n = 199 BCs of non-special type. Generally, two 1 mm punches were taken from the tumor bud areas in the periphery (PTB) and within the tumor center (ITB). HR and Her2 status was assessed using immunohistochemistry and fluorescence in situ hybridization, respectively. HR status was positive if ≥1% of tumor bud cells were positive. Her2 status was considered positive if bud cells showed strong complete membranous Her2 over-expression or Her2 amplification. RESULTS Most tumor buds were positive for estrogen (ER) (PTB: 86%; ITB: 88.3) and progesterone receptor (PgR) (PTB: 72%; ITB: 72.8%) and Her2 was positive in: PTB 11.5% and ITB 11%. A difference between the main tumor mass and tumor buds (PTB and ITB) was seen for PgR in 3.5% of cases (n = 7). No differences were seen for ER and Her2 between tumor buds and main tumor mass. CONCLUSION Most tumor buds (96.5%) share the same HR and Her2 expression profile of the main tumor mass, implying that tumor buds relay on the same pathways as the main tumor mass and might be equally responsive to targeted therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Laedrach
- Intstitute of Pathology, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - B Salhia
- Department of Translational Genomics, Keck School of Medicine of USC, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - N Cihoric
- Department of Radio-Oncology, Inselspital, Bern, Switzerland; Breast Center, Inselspital, Bern, Switzerland
| | - I Zlobec
- Intstitute of Pathology, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - C Tapia
- Intstitute of Pathology, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland; Breast Center, Inselspital, Bern, Switzerland; Department of Molecular Pathology, UT MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA; Department of Investigational Cancer Therapeutics, UT MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA.
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Bi MM, Shang B, Wang Z, Chen G. Expression of CXCR4 and VEGF-C is correlated with lymph node metastasis in non-small cell lung cancer. Thorac Cancer 2017; 8:634-641. [PMID: 28925100 PMCID: PMC5668524 DOI: 10.1111/1759-7714.12500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2017] [Revised: 07/26/2017] [Accepted: 07/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study investigated the correlations between CXCR4 and VEGF-C expression and lymph node metastasis in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). METHODS Tumor specimens, lymph nodes, and normal lung tissues were obtained from 110 NSCLC patients who underwent complete resection. Quantitative reverse transcription-PCR and immunohistochemistry assays were conducted to evaluate messenger RNA (mRNA) and protein expression of CXCR4 and VEGF-C. Logistic regression analysis was performed to determine the independent risk factors for lymph node metastasis in NSCLC. RESULTS CXCR4 and VEGF-C mRNA expression were observed in 78 (70.9%) and 64 (58.2%) lung cancer tissues, while CXCR4 and VEGF-C protein expression were observed in 76 (69.9%) and 58 (52.7%) lung cancer tissues, respectively. The expression rates of CXCR4 and VEGF-C mRNA in metastatic lymph nodes were 84.8% and 66.7%, which were higher than that in non-metastatic lymph nodes (27.3% and 18.2%), respectively. Logistic regression analysis revealed that positive expressions of CXCR4 and VEGF-C mRNA were independent risk factors for lymph node metastasis in NSCLC. Furthermore, combined expression of CXCR4 and VEGF-C showed a much higher odds ratio than CXCR4 or VEGF-C expression alone. CONCLUSIONS CXCR4 and VEGF-C were highly expressed in lung cancer tissues and metastatic lymph nodes. CXCR4 and VEGF-C expression levels were significantly correlated with lymph node metastasis in NSCLC. CXCR4 and VEGF-C might synergically promote lymphatic metastasis in lung cancer and might be a clinical predictor of lymph node metastasis in NSCLC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Ming Bi
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Bin Shang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Zhou Wang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Gang Chen
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, China
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Tumor Spread Through Air Spaces Is an Independent Predictor of Recurrence-free Survival in Patients With Resected Lung Squamous Cell Carcinoma. Am J Surg Pathol 2017; 41:1077-1086. [PMID: 28498282 DOI: 10.1097/pas.0000000000000872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Tumor spread through air spaces (STAS) is a newly recognized pattern of invasion in lung adenocarcinoma. However, clinical significance of STAS has not yet been characterized in lung squamous cell carcinoma. In this study, we investigated whether STAS could determine clinical outcome in Japanese patients with lung squamous cell carcinoma. We reviewed tumor slides from surgically resected lung squamous cell carcinomas (n=216). STAS was defined as tumor cells within air spaces in the lung parenchyma beyond the edge of the main tumor. Tumors were evaluated for histologic subtypes, tumor budding, and nuclear diameter. Recurrence-free survival (RFS) was analyzed using the log-rank test and the Cox proportional hazards model. Tumor STAS was observed in 87 patients (40%), increasing incidence with lymph node metastasis (P=0.037), higher pathologic stage (P=0.026), and lymphatic invasion (P=0.033). All cases with STAS showed a solid nest pattern. The 5-year RFS for patients with STAS was significantly lower than it was for patients without STAS in all patients (P=0.001) and in stage I patients (n=134; P=0.041). On multivariate analysis, STAS was an independent prognostic factor of a worse RFS (hazard ratio=1.61; P=0.023). Patients with STAS had a significantly increased risk of developing locoregional and distant recurrences (P=0.012 and 0.001, respectively). We found that tumor STAS was an independent predictor of RFS in patients with resected lung squamous cell carcinoma, and it was associated with aggressive tumor behavior.
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A Grading System Combining Tumor Budding and Nuclear Diameter Predicts Prognosis in Resected Lung Squamous Cell Carcinoma. Am J Surg Pathol 2017; 41:750-760. [PMID: 28248819 DOI: 10.1097/pas.0000000000000826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
For lung squamous cell carcinomas, there are no histologic findings that have been universally accepted as prognostic factors. Tumor budding and nuclear grade have been recognized as prognostic factors in other carcinomas. In this study, we investigated whether pathologic findings could determine clinical outcome in Japanese patients with lung squamous cell carcinomas. Tumor slides from surgically resected lung squamous cell carcinomas (1999 to 2012) were reviewed (n=216). Tumors were evaluated for histologic subtypes, differentiation, tumor budding, nuclear diameter, and mitosis. Recurrence-free survival (RFS) and overall survival (OS) were analyzed using the log-rank test and the Cox proportional hazards model. Tumor budding and large nuclei were independent prognostic factors of a worse RFS (P<0.001 and P=0.002, respectively) and a worse OS (P<0.001 and P=0.038, respectively) on multivariate analysis after adjustment for pathologic stage and lymphatic invasion. However, histologic subtypes, differentiation, and mitotic count did not correlate with prognosis. A grading system combining tumor budding and nuclear diameter was an independent prognostic factors of a worse RFS (grade 2 vs. 1, hazard ratio [HR]=2.91; P<0.001, and grade 3 vs. 1, HR=7.60, P<0.001) and a worse OS (grade 2 vs. 1, HR=2.15; P=0.014, and grade 3 vs. 1, HR=4.54, P<0.001). We found that a grading system combining tumor budding and nuclear diameter was a significant prognostic factor among Japanese patients with resected lung squamous cell carcinoma.
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Abstract
Growth patterns of pulmonary adenocarcinoma (ADC) have high prognostic impact and are accepted as a novel classification system for this entity. However, specifically for the papillary pattern, divergent data with respect to prevalence, clinical associations, and prognostic impact have been reported. By evaluating 674 resected pulmonary ADCs containing 308 cases with a papillary component and 101 papillary predominant cases, we documented differences in the morphologic composition of papillary growth patterns and delineated 3 different types. The different types were correlated with pathologic and clinical data including survival. Type 3 papillary cases with any or predominant papillary growth were associated with extensive spread through alveolar spaces, high proliferation, higher stage, low rates of EGFR mutations, and smoking, whereas type 1 papillary tumors showed the opposite associations. The subclassification of papillary growth revealed type-specific associations for overall and disease-free survival (disease-free survival type 1: 67.1 mo, type 2: 56.8 mo, type 3: 49.9 mo, P=0.025). The presence of any papillary type 3 pattern was a predominant pattern independent predictor of worse overall survival (hazard ratio=2.5, P=0.02). For a future grading system of lung ADC, categorization of papillary growth in 1 single category might not be adequate, as this pattern contains a heterogenous mix of tumors with a divergent prognosis. We suggest that papillary pattern types should be separated to further improve the prognostic power of ADC growth pattern analysis.
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Elevated systemic interleukin-7 in patients with colorectal cancer and individuals at high risk of cancer: association with lymph node involvement and tumor location in the right colon. Cancer Immunol Immunother 2016; 66:171-179. [PMID: 27866242 PMCID: PMC5281653 DOI: 10.1007/s00262-016-1933-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2016] [Accepted: 11/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Interleukin (IL)-7 is a cytokine essential for protective immunity, and it is considered as a promising agent for cancer immunotherapy. Recent studies, however, appear to associate IL-7 with aggressiveness of solid tumors. The IL-7 has been less studied in colorectal cancer (CRC) and conditions associated with increased risk of CRC development. To explore IL-7 status in bowel diseases, it was measured immunofluorometrically in 431 individuals (110 with CRC) by using Luminex platform. A level of IL-7 in CRC patients was significantly higher than in controls, did not differ from those with adenomas, but was lower than in both active and inactive inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) cases. In CRC, IL-7 was higher in patients with lymph node and distant metastases and with tumors located in right colon. In adenomas, IL-7 elevation was associated exclusively with villous growth pattern, while in IBD, circulating IL-7 reflected clinical activity of Crohn’s disease and ulcerative colitis. Systemic TNFα, IL-10, and PDGF-BB were independent predictors of circulating IL-7. In summary, our study is the first to demonstrate IL-7 elevation in CRC in association with metastatic disease and tumor location. Both associations should be considered when designing IL-7-based immunotherapies for CRC. Further studies on IL-7 functionality in CRC are necessary.
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Huang B, Cai J, Xu X, Guo S, Wang Z. High-Grade Tumor Budding Stratifies Early-Stage Cervical Cancer with Recurrence Risk. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0166311. [PMID: 27861522 PMCID: PMC5115730 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0166311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2016] [Accepted: 10/26/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study investigated prognostic significance of tumor budding in early-stage cervical cancer (ESCC) following radical surgery and its contribution to improve the stratification of patients with recurrence risk. METHODS The archival medical records and H&E-stained slides of 643 patients with IA2-IIA stage cervical cancer who underwent radical surgery were retrospectively reviewed. Clinicopathological parameters were noted, and tumor buds were counted using immunohistochemistry for each case. The prognostic significance of tumor budding was analyzed. Prediction models that comprised tumor budding were established, and the performance was compared between the novel models and classic criteria via log-rank test and receiver operating characteristic analysis. RESULTS Tumors with high-grade tumor budding (HTB) exhibited a substantially increased risk of recurrence (hazard ratio = 4.287, P < 0.001). Nine predictive models for recurrence were established, in which HTB was combined with recognized risk factors. The model using of at least two risk factors of HTB, tumor size ≥ 4 cm, deep stromal invasion of outer 1/3, and lymphovascular space invasion to stratify patients with an intermediate risk was most predictive of recurrence compared with the classic criteria. CONCLUSIONS Tumor budding is an independent, unfavorable, prognostic factor for ESCC patients following radical surgery and holds promise for improved recurrence risk stratification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bangxing Huang
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China.,Department of Pathology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Jing Cai
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Xia Xu
- Department of Pathology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Shuang Guo
- Department of Pathology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Zehua Wang
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
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Fukumoto K, Kikuchi E, Mikami S, Ogihara K, Matsumoto K, Miyajima A, Oya M. Tumor budding, a novel prognostic indicator for predicting stage progression in T1 bladder cancers. Cancer Sci 2016; 107:1338-44. [PMID: 27317460 PMCID: PMC5021027 DOI: 10.1111/cas.12990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2016] [Revised: 06/07/2016] [Accepted: 06/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumor budding has been defined as an isolated single cancer cell or a cluster composed of fewer than five cancer cells scattered in the stroma. It is a strong predictor for lymph node metastasis in T1 colorectal cancer. We introduced this concept to T1 non‐muscle invasive bladder cancer and evaluated whether tumor budding could have a prognostic impact on the clinical outcome. We identified 121 consecutive patients with newly diagnosed T1 bladder cancer between 1994 and 2014 at Keio University Hospital. All slides were re‐reviewed by a dedicated uropathologist. Budding foci were counted under ×200 magnification. When the number of budding foci was 10 or more, tumor budding was defined as positive. The relationship between tumor budding and clinical outcomes was assessed using a multivariate analysis. The median follow‐up was 52 months. Tumor budding was positive in 21 patients (17.4%). Tumor budding was significantly associated with T1 substaging, tumor architecture and lymphovascular invasion. The 5‐year progression‐free survival rate in T1 bladder cancer patients with tumor budding was 53.8%, which was significantly lower than that in patients without tumor budding (88.4%, P = 0.001). A multivariate Cox regression analysis revealed that tumor budding was independently associated with stage progression (P = 0.002, hazard ratio = 4.90). In a subgroup of patients treated with bacillus Calmette‐Guérin instillation (n = 88), tumor budding was also independently associated with stage progression (P = 0.003, hazard ratio = 5.65). Tumor budding may be a novel indicator for predicting stage progression in T1 bladder cancer, and would likely be easily introduced in clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keishiro Fukumoto
- Department of Urology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Eiji Kikuchi
- Department of Urology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.
| | - Shuji Mikami
- Division of Diagnostic Pathology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Koichiro Ogihara
- Department of Urology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | - Akira Miyajima
- Department of Urology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Mototsugu Oya
- Department of Urology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
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