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Leroyer AS, Blin MG, Bachelier R, Bardin N, Blot-Chabaud M, Dignat-George F. CD146 (Cluster of Differentiation 146). Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2020; 39:1026-1033. [PMID: 31070478 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.119.312653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
CD146 (cluster of differentiation 146) is an adhesion molecule that is expressed by different cells constituting vessels, particularly endothelial cells. The last 30 years of research in this field have shown that CD146 plays a key role in the control of several vessel functions. Three forms of CD146 have been described, including 2 transmembrane isoforms and a soluble protein that is detectable in the plasma. These CD146 forms mediate pleiotropic functions through homophilic and heterophilic interactions with proteins present on surrounding partners. Several studies used neutralizing antibodies, siRNA, or genetically modified mice to demonstrate the involvement of CD146 in the regulation of angiogenesis, vascular permeability, and leukocyte transmigration. In this review, we will focus on the current knowledge of the roles of CD146 in vascular homeostasis and diseases associated with endothelial dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aurélie S Leroyer
- From the Aix-Marseille University, Center for CardioVascular and Nutrition Research, INSERM 1263, INRA 1260, France (A.S.L., M.G.B., R.B., N.B., M.B.-C., F.D.-G.)
| | - Muriel G Blin
- From the Aix-Marseille University, Center for CardioVascular and Nutrition Research, INSERM 1263, INRA 1260, France (A.S.L., M.G.B., R.B., N.B., M.B.-C., F.D.-G.)
| | - Richard Bachelier
- From the Aix-Marseille University, Center for CardioVascular and Nutrition Research, INSERM 1263, INRA 1260, France (A.S.L., M.G.B., R.B., N.B., M.B.-C., F.D.-G.)
| | - Nathalie Bardin
- From the Aix-Marseille University, Center for CardioVascular and Nutrition Research, INSERM 1263, INRA 1260, France (A.S.L., M.G.B., R.B., N.B., M.B.-C., F.D.-G.).,Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Marseille, Hôpital de la Conception, France (N.B., F.D.-G.)
| | - Marcel Blot-Chabaud
- From the Aix-Marseille University, Center for CardioVascular and Nutrition Research, INSERM 1263, INRA 1260, France (A.S.L., M.G.B., R.B., N.B., M.B.-C., F.D.-G.)
| | - Françoise Dignat-George
- From the Aix-Marseille University, Center for CardioVascular and Nutrition Research, INSERM 1263, INRA 1260, France (A.S.L., M.G.B., R.B., N.B., M.B.-C., F.D.-G.).,Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Marseille, Hôpital de la Conception, France (N.B., F.D.-G.)
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Bolhassani A, Shahbazi S, Milani A, Nadji SA. Small Heat Shock Proteins B1 and B6: Which One is the Most Effective Adjuvant in Therapeutic HPV Vaccine? IUBMB Life 2018; 70:1002-1011. [DOI: 10.1002/iub.1892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2018] [Revised: 06/05/2018] [Accepted: 06/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Azam Bolhassani
- Department of Hepatitis and AIDs; Pasteur Institute of Iran; Tehran Iran
| | - Sepideh Shahbazi
- Department of Hepatitis and AIDs; Pasteur Institute of Iran; Tehran Iran
| | - Alireza Milani
- Department of Hepatitis and AIDs; Pasteur Institute of Iran; Tehran Iran
| | - Seyed Alireza Nadji
- Virology Research Center (VRC); National Research Institute of Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases (NRITLD), Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences; Tehran Iran
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Miao W, Li L, Wang Y. A Targeted Proteomic Approach for Heat Shock Proteins Reveals DNAJB4 as a Suppressor for Melanoma Metastasis. Anal Chem 2018; 90:6835-6842. [PMID: 29722524 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.8b00986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Heat shock proteins are molecular chaperones that are involved in protein folding. In this study, we developed a targeted proteomic method, relying on LC-MS/MS in the parallel-reaction monitoring (PRM) mode, for assessing quantitatively the human heat shock proteome. The method facilitated the coverage of approximately 70% of the human heat shock proteome and displayed much better throughput and sensitivity than the shotgun proteomic approach. We also applied the PRM method for assessing the differential expression of heat shock proteins in three matched primary/metastatic pairs of melanoma cell lines. We were able to quantify ∼45 heat shock proteins in each pair of cell lines, and the quantification results revealed that DNAJB4 is down-regulated in the three lines of metastatic melanoma cells relative to the corresponding primary melanoma cells. Interrogation of The Cancer Genome Atlas data showed that lower levels of DNAJB4 expression conferred poorer prognosis in melanoma patients. Moreover, we found that DNAJB4 suppresses the invasion of cultured melanoma cells through diminished expression and activities of matrix metalloproteinases 2 and 9 (MMP-2 and MMP-9). Together, we established, for the first time, a high-throughput targeted proteomics method for profiling quantitatively the human heat shock proteome and discovered DNAJB4 as a suppressor for melanoma metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weili Miao
- Department of Chemistry , University of California , Riverside , California 92521-0403 , United States
| | - Lin Li
- Department of Chemistry , University of California , Riverside , California 92521-0403 , United States
| | - Yinsheng Wang
- Department of Chemistry , University of California , Riverside , California 92521-0403 , United States
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Hirani A, Grover A, Lee YW, Pathak Y, Sutariya V. Nanotechnology for Omics-Based Ocular Drug Delivery. Ophthalmology 2018. [DOI: 10.4018/978-1-5225-5195-9.ch017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Millions of people suffer from ocular diseases that impair vision and can lead to blindness. Advances in genomics and proteomics have revealed a number of different molecular markers specific for different ocular diseases, thereby optimizing the processes of drug development and discovery. Nanotechnology can increase the throughput of data obtained in omics-based studies and allows for more sensitive diagnostic techniques as more efficient drug delivery systems. Biocompatible and biodegradable nanomaterials developed through omics-based research are able to target reported molecular markers for different ocular diseases and offer novel alternatives to conventional drug therapy. In this chapter, the authors review the pathophysiology, current genomic and proteomic information, and current nanomaterial-based therapies of four ocular diseases: glaucoma, uveal melanoma, age-related macular degeneration, and diabetic retinopathy. Omics-based research can be used to elucidate specific genes and proteins and develop novel nanomedicine formulations to prevent, halt, or cure ocular diseases at the transcriptional or translational level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anjali Hirani
- University of South Florida, USA & Virginia Tech-Wake Forest University, USA
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Integration of microRNAome, proteomics and metabolomics to analyze arsenic-induced malignant cell transformation. Oncotarget 2017; 8:90879-90896. [PMID: 29207610 PMCID: PMC5710891 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.18741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2016] [Accepted: 04/21/2017] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Long-term exposure to arsenic has been linked to tumorigenesis in different organs and tissues, such as skin; however, the detailed mechanism remains unclear. In this present study, we integrated “omics” including microRNAome, proteomics and metabolomics to investigate the potential molecular mechanisms. Compared with non-malignant human keratinocytes (HaCaT), twenty-six miRNAs were significantly altered in arsenic-induced transformed cells. Among these miRNAs, the differential expression of six miRNAs was confirmed using Q-RT-PCR, representing potential oxidative stress genes. Two-dimensional gel electrophoresis (2D-PAGE) and mass spectrometry (MS) were performed to identify the differential expression of proteins in arsenic-induced transformed cells, and twelve proteins were significantly changed. Several proteins were associated with oxidative stress and carcinogenesis including heat shock protein beta-1 (HSPB1), peroxiredoxin-2 (PRDX2). Using ultra-performance liquid chromatography and Q-TOF mass spectrometry (UPLC/Q-TOF MS), 68 metabolites including glutathione, fumaric acid, citric acid, phenylalanine, and tyrosine, related to redox metabolism, glutathione metabolism, citrate cycle, met cycle, phenylalanine and tyrosine metabolism were identified and quantified. Taken together, these results indicated that arsenic-induced transformed cells exhibit alterations in miRNA, protein and metabolite profiles providing novel insights into arsenic-induced cell malignant transformation and identifying early potential biomarkers for cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma induced by arsenic.
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Hirani A, Grover A, Lee YW, Pathak Y, Sutariya V. Nanotechnology for Omics-Based Ocular Drug Delivery. Oncology 2017. [DOI: 10.4018/978-1-5225-0549-5.ch013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Millions of people suffer from ocular diseases that impair vision and can lead to blindness. Advances in genomics and proteomics have revealed a number of different molecular markers specific for different ocular diseases, thereby optimizing the processes of drug development and discovery. Nanotechnology can increase the throughput of data obtained in omics-based studies and allows for more sensitive diagnostic techniques as more efficient drug delivery systems. Biocompatible and biodegradable nanomaterials developed through omics-based research are able to target reported molecular markers for different ocular diseases and offer novel alternatives to conventional drug therapy. In this chapter, the authors review the pathophysiology, current genomic and proteomic information, and current nanomaterial-based therapies of four ocular diseases: glaucoma, uveal melanoma, age-related macular degeneration, and diabetic retinopathy. Omics-based research can be used to elucidate specific genes and proteins and develop novel nanomedicine formulations to prevent, halt, or cure ocular diseases at the transcriptional or translational level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anjali Hirani
- University of South Florida, USA & Virginia Tech-Wake Forest University, USA
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Abu N, Akhtar MN, Yeap SK, Lim KL, Ho WY, Abdullah MP, Ho CL, Omar AR, Ismail J, Alitheen NB. Flavokawain B induced cytotoxicity in two breast cancer cell lines, MCF-7 and MDA-MB231 and inhibited the metastatic potential of MDA-MB231 via the regulation of several tyrosine kinases In vitro. BMC COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2016; 16:86. [PMID: 26922065 PMCID: PMC4769841 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-016-1046-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2015] [Accepted: 02/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Background The kava-kava plant (Piper methysticum) is traditionally consumed by the pacific islanders and has been linked to be involved in several biological activities. Flavokawain B is a unique chalcone, which can be found in the roots of the kava-kava plant. In this study, the operational mechanism of the anti-cancer activity of a synthetic Flavokawain B (FKB) on two breast cancer cell lines, MCF-7 and MDA-MB231 was investigated. Method Several in vitro assays were attempted such as MTT, flow cytometry of cell cycle analysis, annexin V analysis, and JC-1 analysis to detect apoptosis. Moreover, in vitro metastasis assays were also performed such as transwell migration assay, invasion assay, rat aorta ring and HUVEC tube formation. Molecular analysis of related genes and proteins were conducted using real-time PCR and proteome profiler analysis. Results Based on our results, apoptosis was induced when both MCF-7 and MDA-MB231 were treated with FKB. A significant G2/M arrest was seen in MDA-MB231 cells. Additionally, FKB also inhibited the in vitro migration and invasion in MDA-MB231 cells in a dose dependent manner. Moreover, FKB can be a potential inhibitor in angiogenesis as it suppressed the formation of vessels in HUVEC cells as well as in the ex-vivo rat aortic ring assay. Conclusion Our findings suggested that FKB also regulated several receptor tyrosine kinases. Overall, FKB is not only a potential candidate to be an anti-cancer agent, but as an anti-metastatic agent as well. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12906-016-1046-8) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Ginkgo biloba extract decreases non-small cell lung cancer cell migration by downregulating metastasis-associated factor heat-shock protein 27. PLoS One 2014; 9:e91331. [PMID: 24618684 PMCID: PMC3950153 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0091331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2013] [Accepted: 02/09/2014] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Heat-shock proteins (HSPs) are molecular chaperones that protect proteins from damage. HSP27 expression is associated with cancer transformation and invasion. Ginkgo biloba extract (EGb761), the most widely sold herbal supplement, has antiangiogenic effects and induces tumor apoptosis. Data regarding the effect of EGb761 on HSP expression is limited, particularly in cancer. HSP27 expression in paired tumors and normal lung tissues of 64 patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) were detected by real-time PCR, western blotting, and immunohistochemistry. NSCLC cell lines (A549/H441) were used to examine the migratory abilities in vitro. NSCLC tissue showed higher HSP27 expression than normal lung tissue. Kaplan–Meier survival analysis showed that NSCLC patients with low HSP27 expression ratio (<1) had significantly longer survival time than those with a high expression ratio (>1) (p = 0.04). EGb761 inhibited HSP27 expression and migratory ability of A549/H441 cells, which is the same as HSP27-siRNA transfection effect. Moreover, EGb761 treatment activated the AKT and p38 pathways and did not affect the expression of PI3K, ERK, and JNK pathways. HSP27 is a poor prognostic indicator of NSCLC. EGb761 can decrease the migration ability of A549/H441 by inhibiting HSP27 expression most likely through AKT and p38 MAPK pathways activation.
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Ramasamy P, Murphy CC, Clynes M, Horgan N, Moriarty P, Tiernan D, Beatty S, Kennedy S, Meleady P. Proteomics in uveal melanoma. Exp Eye Res 2013; 118:1-12. [PMID: 24056206 DOI: 10.1016/j.exer.2013.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2013] [Revised: 09/06/2013] [Accepted: 09/10/2013] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Uveal melanoma is the most common primary intraocular malignancy in adults, with an incidence of 5-7 per million per year. It is associated with the development of metastasis in about 50% of cases, and 40% of patients with uveal melanoma die of metastatic disease despite successful treatment of the primary tumour. The survival rates at 5, 10 and 15 years are 65%, 50% and 45% respectively. Unlike progress made in many other areas of cancer, uveal melanoma is still poorly understood and survival rates have remained similar over the past 25 years. Recently, advances made in molecular genetics have improved our understanding of this disease and stratification of patients into low risk and high risk for developing metastasis. However, only a limited number of studies have been performed using proteomic methods. This review will give an overview of various proteomic technologies currently employed in life sciences research, and discuss proteomic studies of uveal melanoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pathma Ramasamy
- Royal College of Surgeons Ireland, Stephen's Green, Dublin 2, Ireland; National Institute for Cellular Biotechnology, Dublin City University, Collins Avenue, Glasnevin, Dublin 9, Ireland.
| | - Conor C Murphy
- Royal College of Surgeons Ireland, Stephen's Green, Dublin 2, Ireland; Royal Victoria Eye and Ear Hospital, Adelaide Road, Dublin 2, Ireland.
| | - Martin Clynes
- National Institute for Cellular Biotechnology, Dublin City University, Collins Avenue, Glasnevin, Dublin 9, Ireland.
| | - Noel Horgan
- Royal Victoria Eye and Ear Hospital, Adelaide Road, Dublin 2, Ireland.
| | - Paul Moriarty
- Royal Victoria Eye and Ear Hospital, Adelaide Road, Dublin 2, Ireland.
| | - Damien Tiernan
- Royal Victoria Eye and Ear Hospital, Adelaide Road, Dublin 2, Ireland.
| | - Stephen Beatty
- Macular Pigment Research Group, Waterford Institute of Technology, Waterford, Ireland.
| | - Susan Kennedy
- Royal Victoria Eye and Ear Hospital, Adelaide Road, Dublin 2, Ireland.
| | - Paula Meleady
- National Institute for Cellular Biotechnology, Dublin City University, Collins Avenue, Glasnevin, Dublin 9, Ireland.
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de Souza CF, Xander P, Monteiro AC, Silva AGDS, da Silva DCP, Mai S, Bernardo V, Lopes JD, Jasiulionis MG. Mining gene expression signature for the detection of pre-malignant melanocytes and early melanomas with risk for metastasis. PLoS One 2012; 7:e44800. [PMID: 22984562 PMCID: PMC3439384 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0044800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2012] [Accepted: 08/14/2012] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Metastatic melanoma is a highly aggressive skin cancer and currently resistant to systemic therapy. Melanomas may involve genetic, epigenetic and metabolic abnormalities. Evidence is emerging that epigenetic changes might play a significant role in tumor cell plasticity and metastatic phenotype of melanoma cells. PRINCIPAL FINDINGS In this study, we developed a systematic approach to identify genes implicated in melanoma progression. To do this, we used the Affymetrix GeneChip Arrays to screen 34,000 mouse transcripts in melan-a melanocytes, 4C pre-malignant melanocytes, 4C11- non-metastatic and 4C11+ metastatic melanoma cell lines. The genome-wide association studies revealed pathways commonly over-represented in the transition from immortalized to pre-malignant stage, and under-represented in the transition from non-metastatic to metastatic stage. Additionally, the treatment of cells with 10 µM 5-aza-2'-deoxycytidine (5AzaCdR) for 48 hours allowed us to identify genes differentially re-expressed at specific stages of melan-a malignant transformation. Treatment of human primary melanocytes with the demethylating agent 5AzaCdR in combination to the histone deacetylase inhibitor Trichostatin A (TSA) revealed changes on melanocyte morphology and gene expression which could be an indicator of epigenetic flexibility in normal melanocytes. Moreover, changes on gene expression recognized by affecting the melanocyte biology (NDRG2 and VDR), phenotype of metastatic melanoma cells (HSPB1 and SERPINE1) and response to cancer therapy (CTCF, NSD1 and SRC) were found when Mel-2 and/or Mel-3-derived patient metastases were exposed to 5AzaCdR plus TSA treatment. Hierarchical clustering and network analyses in a panel of five patient-derived metastatic melanoma cells showed gene interactions that have never been described in melanomas. SIGNIFICANCE Despite the heterogeneity observed in melanomas, this study demonstrates the utility of our murine melanoma progression model to identify molecular markers commonly perturbed in metastasis. Additionally, the novel gene expression signature identified here may be useful in the future into a model more closely related to translational research.
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Jmor F, Kalirai H, Taktak A, Damato B, Coupland SE. HSP-27 protein expression in uveal melanoma: correlation with predicted survival. Acta Ophthalmol 2012; 90:534-9. [PMID: 21114636 DOI: 10.1111/j.1755-3768.2010.02038.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Almost 40% of uveal melanomas (UM) are fatal, because of metastatic disease that usually involves the liver. Partial or complete deletion of chromosome 3 (i.e., monosomy 3) is a strong predictor of metastatic mortality; however, genetic analysis is not always possible. The aim of this study was to determine whether heat shock protein 27 (HSP-27) protein expression could reliably predict prognosis. METHODS Immunohistochemical analysis of HSP-27 protein expression was performed on formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded sections from 99 UM of known chromosome 3 status, as determined by multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification. Slides were evaluated blind by three independent observers. The percentage of tumour cells staining for HSP-27 was categorized as: 0 (<1%); 1 (1-24%); 2 (25-49%); 3 (50-74%) or 4 (>74%). The staining intensity was categorized as: 0 (no staining); 1 (weak); 2 (moderate) and 3 (strong). These two categories were multiplied together to obtain the HSP-27 expression score. All data were processed in spss for statistical analyses. RESULTS Heat shock protein 27 score was lower in monosomy 3 melanomas than in disomy 3 tumours (p<0.001; Mann-Whitney U-test). An 'accelerated failure time model' was used to generate predicted survival for all patients included in the study. Kaplan-Meier analysis indicated a significantly decreased predicted 8-year survival rate for patients with an HSP-27 Score≤6 (p=0.03; Log rank test). Predicting monosomy 3 was enhanced by considering the HSP-27 score together with basal tumour diameter, melanoma cytomorphology and mitotic rate. CONCLUSIONS Low HSP-27 expression correlates with monosomy 3 in UM and with increased predicted mortality. When assessed together with other clinical and pathological variables, the HSP-27 score enhances estimation of survival probability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fidan Jmor
- Division of Pathology, School of Cancer Studies, University of Liverpool, Department of Medical Physics and Clinical Engineering, Royal Liverpool University Hospital, Liverpool, UK
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Moon A, Bacchini P, Bertoni F, Olvi LG, Santini-Araujo E, Kim YW, Park YK. Expression of heat shock proteins in osteosarcomas. Pathology 2010; 42:421-5. [PMID: 20632817 DOI: 10.3109/00313025.2010.493866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Heat shock proteins (HSPs) protect cells against stress-associated injuries and are overexpressed in several malignant tumours. We investigated the potential roles of HSP27, HSP60, and HSP70 in conventional and low grade central osteosarcoma. METHODS Expressions of HSP27, HSP60, and HSP70 were analysed using immunohistochemistry on tissue sections from 52 cases of conventional osteosarcoma and 21 cases of low grade central osteosarcoma. We evaluated the expression of each protein and examined its relationship with clinicopathological parameters. RESULTS We found significantly different expressions of HSP27 and HSP70 between conventional and low grade central osteosarcoma [34.6% versus 4.8% (p = 0.008), 88.5% versus 14.3% (p < 0.001)]. However, HSP60 was highly expressed in both kinds of osteosarcoma (92.3% versus 85.7%). In conventional osteosarcoma, a higher expression of HSP27 was significantly related to distant metastasis (p = 0.034) and histological subtype [osteoblastic versus non-osteoblastic (p = 0.041)]. The expressions of HSP60 and HSP70 were not significantly related to any tested clinicopathological parameter. CONCLUSIONS HSP27 and HSP70 may be used as differential markers to distinguish conventional and low grade central osteosarcoma. HSP27 may be used as a possible prognostic marker in conventional osteosarcoma cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahrim Moon
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Korea
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Chapter 9: Oxidative stress in malignant progression: The role of Clusterin, a sensitive cellular biosensor of free radicals. Adv Cancer Res 2010; 104:171-210. [PMID: 19878777 DOI: 10.1016/s0065-230x(09)04009-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Clusterin/Apolipoprotein J (CLU) gene is expressed in most human tissues and encodes for two protein isoforms; a conventional heterodimeric secreted glycoprotein and a truncated nuclear form. CLU has been functionally implicated in several physiological processes as well as in many pathological conditions including ageing, diabetes, atherosclerosis, degenerative diseases, and tumorigenesis. A major link of all these, otherwise unrelated, diseases is that they are characterized by increased oxidative injury due to impaired balance between production and disposal of reactive oxygen or nitrogen species. Besides the aforementioned diseases, CLU gene is differentially regulated by a wide variety of stimuli which may also promote the production of reactive species including cytokines, interleukins, growth factors, heat shock, radiation, oxidants, and chemotherapeutic drugs. Although at low concentration reactive species may contribute to normal cell signaling and homeostasis, at increased amounts they promote genomic instability, chronic inflammation, lipid oxidation, and amorphous aggregation of target proteins predisposing thus cells for carcinogenesis or other age-related disorders. CLU seems to intervene to these processes due to its small heat-shock protein-like chaperone activity being demonstrated by its property to inhibit protein aggregation and precipitation, a main feature of oxidant injury. The combined presence of many potential regulatory elements in the CLU gene promoter, including a Heat-Shock Transcription Factor-1 and an Activator Protein-1 element, indicates that CLU gene is an extremely sensitive cellular biosensor of even minute alterations in the cellular oxidative load. This review focuses on CLU regulation by oxidative injury that is the common molecular link of most, if not all, pathological conditions where CLU has been functionally implicated.
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Smith J, Naseem R, Webb M. Purification and characterisation of the breast cancer metastasis suppressor, BRMS1. Protein Expr Purif 2009; 67:70-5. [PMID: 19401233 DOI: 10.1016/j.pep.2009.04.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2008] [Revised: 04/07/2009] [Accepted: 04/20/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
The breast cancer metastasis suppressor 1 (BRMS1) is a member of a family of proteins that actively suppress tumour metastasis. Understanding BRMS1 mediated metastasis suppression is critical to the development of new therapies designed to prevent and treat patients with late stage breast cancer. To aid research into the functional aspects that underpin BRMS1 mediated metastasis suppression we have expressed and purified recombinant BRMS1 and produced BRMS1 polyclonal antibodies. Using these antibodies to immunoprecipitate endogenous BRMS1 containing complexes from MCF7 breast cancer cell lines we have identified, by mass spectrometry, the small heat shock protein Hsp27 in complex with BRMS1. We also show that the expression of both BRMS1 and Hsp27 are inversely correlated with metastatic potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanne Smith
- University of Manchester, Faculty of Medical and Human Sciences, Department of Medical Genetics, Stopford Building, Manchester M13 9PT, UK
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Matalon ST, Drucker L, Fishman A, Ornoy A, Lishner M. The Role of heat shock protein 27 in extravillous trophoblast differentiation. J Cell Biochem 2008; 103:719-29. [PMID: 17661346 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.21476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Trophoblast cells from placental explants differentiate in culture to extravillous trophoblast cells (EVT cells). During trophoblast differentiation heat-shock-protein-27 (HSP27) mRNA and multidrug-resistance-protein-5 (MRP5, transporter of cyclic nucleotides) expression are increased. HSP27 is a regulator of actin filaments structure and dynamic, has a role in cell differentiation and may affect NF-kB activity. In this study we aimed to assess HSP27 level in trophoblast cells and its correlation with motility and differentiation related processes [MMPs activity, nitric oxide (NO), inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), proliferation and MRP5 levels]. We evaluated HSP27 expression in a first trimester human trophoblast explants model designed to assess EVT cells differentiation/migration with/without 6-mercaptopurine (6MP, an EVT inhibitor of migration). We found that HSP27 level is expressed in the nucleous and cytoplasm of non-proliferting villous-trophoblast cells (negative for Ki67) and in the cell periphery and cytoplasm of motile EVT cells. Moreover, 6MP decreased HSP27 nucleous expression that was associated with inhibited MMP2 activity and NO production. Also decreased iNOS expression and increased MRP5 mRNA levels were observed. In conclusion, HSP27 expression is modulated in concordance with migration dependent parameters in trophoblast cells.
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HSP27 regulates cell adhesion and invasion via modulation of focal adhesion kinase and MMP-2 expression. Eur J Cell Biol 2008; 87:377-87. [PMID: 18472181 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejcb.2008.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2007] [Revised: 03/21/2008] [Accepted: 03/22/2008] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Heat-shock protein 27 (HSP27), a member of the small heat-shock protein family, is a molecule involved in cellular protection in response to a variety of stresses such as heat shock, toxicants, and oxidative stress. HSP27 is also known to modulate cell functions via interaction with the actin cytoskeleton. To elucidate the functions of HSP27 in adhesion and invasion in more detail, we examined NIH3T3 cells overexpressing HSP27. HSP27 overexpression affected FAK phosphorylation and focal adhesion formation, depending on integrin-mediated actin cytoskeleton polymerization. In addition, the HSP27-overexpressing cells showed a retarded cell migration and invasion in wound-healing assays. Such HSP27-mediated retarded wound healing was correlated with reduced matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2) expression. The transcription factor for MMP-2 expression, signal transducer and activator or transcription 3 (STAT3), was correspondingly less phosphorylated. When a phosphomimetic form of HSP27 was transiently transfected, migration and invasion were similarly decreased via the regulation of the FAK/STAT3/MMP-2 signaling pathway, whereas a non-phosphorylatable form of HSP27 blocked HSP27-mediated phenotypes probably due to a dominant-negative effect on phosphorylation of endogenous HSP27. Altogether, our results suggest that HSP27 can enhance cell adhesion and modulate cell migration and invasion via the coordination of FAK-dependent actin organization and STAT3-dependent MMP-2 expression, and that phosphorylation of HSP27 is indispensable to regulate this signal pathway.
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Rajaiya J, Xiao J, Rajala RV, Chodosh J. Human adenovirus type 19 infection of corneal cells induces p38 MAPK-dependent interleukin-8 expression. Virol J 2008; 5:17. [PMID: 18221537 PMCID: PMC2265692 DOI: 10.1186/1743-422x-5-17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2007] [Accepted: 01/25/2008] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Human adenovirus type 19 (HAdV-19) is a major cause of epidemic keratoconjunctivitis, the only ocular adenoviral infection associated with prolonged corneal inflammation. In this study, we investigated the role of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) in HAdV-19 infection, with particular attention to the role of p38 MAPK in the transcriptional control of interleukin-8 (IL-8), a chemokine previously shown to be central to the initiation of adenovirus keratitis. Results We found that infection of corneal cells with HAdV-19 led to activation of p38 MAPK and its downstream targets, HSP-27 and ATF-2, within 15 to 30 minutes post-infection. Infection also induced phosphorylation of IκB and NFκB in a p38 MAPK-dependent fashion. Furthermore, HAdV-19 induced an interaction between p38 MAPK and NFκB-p65, followed by nuclear translocation of activated NFκB-p65 and its binding to the IL-8 promoter. The interaction between p38 MAPK and NFκB-p65 was inhibited in concentration-dependent fashion by SB203580, a chemical inhibitor of p38 MAPK, but not by SP600125, an inhibitor of JNK – another MAPK implicated in chemokine expression by HAdV-19 infected cells. IL-8 gene expression in HAdV-19 infection was significantly reduced in the presence of sequence-specific p38 MAPK siRNA but not control siRNA. Conclusion These results provide the first direct evidence for transcriptional regulation of IL-8 in HAdV-19 infected cells through the activation of the p38 MAPK signaling pathway. The p38 MAPK pathway may play a biologically important role in regulation of IL-8 gene expression in the adenovirus-infected cornea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaya Rajaiya
- Molecular Pathogenesis of Eye Infection Research Center, Dean A, McGee Eye Institute, Department of Ophthalmology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, USA.
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Shi B, Grahn JC, Reilly DA, Dizon TC, Isseroff RR. Responses of the 27-kDa heat shock protein to UVB irradiation in human epidermal melanocytes. Exp Dermatol 2007; 17:108-14. [PMID: 18031542 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0625.2007.00641.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Solar ultraviolet radiation (UVR) is a major environmental hazard for the skin, and UVB (280-320 nm) has been proposed to be a main factor for melanoma development. In response to sunlight exposure, the skin has adapted a number of innate resistance mechanisms. Among them is the small heat shock protein of 27 kDa (HSP27) known to play a role in the protection of cells from variety of environmental insults including UV irradiation. In this study, we demonstrated that UVB irradiation of cultured normal epidermal melanocytes initiates changes in HSP27 phosphorylation and localization. In unstressed melanocytes, HSP27 was present as the non-phosphorylated isoform. UVB irradiation with a physiological dose (7-25 mJ/cm(2)) resulted in the formation of a mono-phosphorylated isoform and sometimes a bi-phosphorylated isoform. The UVB-induced HSP27 phosphorylation was inhibited when melanocytes were treated with the antioxidant N-acetyl cysteine or inhibitor of p38 MAP kinase prior to UVB exposure, suggesting that UVB induced HSP27 phosphorylation through reactive oxygen species/p38 MAP kinase pathway. In response to UBV irradiation, HSP27 in melanocytes translocated from the cytoplasm to the nucleus. The HSP27 responses may provide some protective role against UVB-induced cell damage in the skin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Biao Shi
- Department of Dermatology, University of California Davis School of Medicine, Davis, CA 95616, USA
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19
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Sosa MS, Girotti MR, Salvatierra E, Prada F, de Olmo JAL, Gallango SJ, Albar JP, Podhajcer OL, Llera AS. Proteomic analysis identified N-cadherin, clusterin, and HSP27 as mediators of SPARC (secreted protein, acidic and rich in cysteines) activity in melanoma cells. Proteomics 2007; 7:4123-34. [DOI: 10.1002/pmic.200700255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
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20
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Neto DS, Pantaleão L, de Sá BCS, Landman G. Alpha-v-beta3 integrin expression in melanocytic nevi and cutaneous melanoma. J Cutan Pathol 2007; 34:851-6. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0560.2007.00730.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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21
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Zhao L, Liu L, Wang S, Zhang YF, Yu L, Ding YQ. Differential proteomic analysis of human colorectal carcinoma cell lines metastasis-associated proteins. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 2007; 133:771-82. [PMID: 17503081 DOI: 10.1007/s00432-007-0222-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2006] [Accepted: 03/23/2007] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Metastasis is a common phenomenon and the major lethal cause of colorectal carcinoma (CRC). To better comprehend the mechanism underlying CRC metastasis and to search for potential markers for predicting CRC metastasis, two CRC cell lines with different metastatic potentials, SW480 and SW620, were investigated by phenotypic analyses and proteomics technologies. METHODS The surgical orthotopic implantation (SOI) technique was originally used to develop a reproducible colorectal cancer model in nude mice with stable tumor growth and metastasizing course. Furthermore, differential proteome analysis of two CRC cell lines was conducted using two-dimensional (2-D) gel electrophoresis combined with matrix-assisted laser desorption/time of flight (MALDI-TOF) mass spectrometry. RESULTS Among the differential spots, 12 protein spots (11 proteins) were further identified using in-gel tryptic digestion and peptide mass fingerprinting (PMF). Interestingly, most of these proteins we identified have been reported to be associated with distinct aspect of tumor metastasis to some extent. Our immunohistochemistry assays of colorectal cancer revealed that heat shock protein (HSP) 27 overexpression relates to metastatic behavior of CRC cell. CONCLUSIONS The protein profile between two colorectal cell lines with different potential metastasis displayed obvious differences. The results imply that various different proteins may lead to CRC metastasis together. HSP27 overexpression played an important role in metastasis and progression of CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Zhao
- Department of Pathology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
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22
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Trougakos IP, Gonos ES. Regulation of clusterin/apolipoprotein J, a functional homologue to the small heat shock proteins, by oxidative stress in ageing and age-related diseases. Free Radic Res 2007; 40:1324-34. [PMID: 17090421 DOI: 10.1080/10715760600902310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 128] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Clusterin/apolipoprotein J (CLU) gene has a nearly ubiquitous expression pattern in human tissues. The two main CLU protein isoforms in human cells include the conventional glycosylated secreted heterodimer (sCLU) and a truncated nuclear form (nCLU). CLU has been implicated in various physiological processes and in many severe physiological disturbance states including ageing, cancer progression, vascular damage, diabetes, kidney and neuron degeneration. Although unrelated in their etiology and clinical manifestation, these diseases represent states of increased oxidative stress, which in turn, promotes amorphous aggregation of target proteins, increased genomic instability and high rates of cellular death. Among the various properties attributed to CLU so far, those mostly investigated and invariably appreciated are its small heat shock proteins-like chaperone activity and its involvement in cell death regulation, which are both directly correlated to the main features of oxidant injury. Moreover, the presence of both a heat shock transcription factor-1 and an activator protein-1 element in the CLU gene promoter indicate that CLU gene can be an extremely sensitive biosensor to reactive oxygen species. This review emphasizes on CLU gene regulation by oxidative stress that is the common link between all pathological conditions where CLU has been implicated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ioannis P Trougakos
- Laboratory of Molecular & Cellular Ageing, Institute of Biological Research & Biotechnology, National Hellenic Research Foundation, Athens, Greece
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Tartakover-Matalon S, Cherepnin N, Kuchuk M, Drucker L, Kenis I, Fishman A, Pomeranz M, Lishner M. Impaired migration of trophoblast cells caused by simvastatin is associated with decreased membrane IGF-I receptor, MMP2 activity and HSP27 expression. Hum Reprod 2006; 22:1161-7. [PMID: 17158816 DOI: 10.1093/humrep/del464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Statins inhibit 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme-A reductase, the rate-limiting enzyme of the mevalonate pathway, and are used successfully in the treatment of hypercholesterolaemia. Statins are contraindicated during pregnancy. Lately, we have shown that simvastatin has adverse affects on human first trimester placental explants' proliferation and migration. The objective of the present study was to investigate the molecules involved in mediating simvastatin's effect on trophoblast cell migration. We hypothesized that simvastatin attenuates insuline-like growth factor-I (IGF-I) receptor expression (involved in trophoblast motility), matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) activities, and heat shock protein 27 (HSP27) levels (whose mRNA is actively transcribed during trophoblast differentiation) in trophoblast cells thus consequently effecting their migration. METHODS Human placental explants were cultured above a matrigel with/without simvastatin (10 microM) for 5 days. In this model, trophoblast migrates from the villi into the matrigel. Western-blot and immunohistochemistry served for analysing HSP27 expression. Immunohistochemistry was used for assessing IGF-I receptor localization. MMPs activity was assayed by gel zymography. RESULTS Simvastatin reduced IGF-I receptor membranal expression, MMP2 activity and HSP27 expression in trophoblast cells (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS The inhibitory effect of simvastatin on trophoblast cell migration is associated with a significant decrease in the tested molecules, which probably contributes to the impaired migration.
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Demidem A, Morvan D, Madelmont JC. Bystander effects are induced by CENU treatment and associated with altered protein secretory activity of treated tumor cells: a relay for chemotherapy? Int J Cancer 2006; 119:992-1004. [PMID: 16557598 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.21761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
In a previous study, it was reported that secondary untreated melanoma tumors implanted several weeks after and at distance from primary chloroethylnitrosourea (CENU)-treated tumors underwent differentiation and growth inhibition. To see whether the primary treated tumor released soluble factors that mediated the secondary tumor response, serum transfer experiments were performed in vivo. Administration of serum from CENU-treated tumor-bearing donors arrested tumor proliferation, decreased vessel formation and induced tumor metabolite alterations encompassing glutathione decrease and polyunsaturated fatty acid and phosphoethanolamine increase. These changes mimicked secondary tumor phenotype. To reproduce the model in vitro, cell culture supernatant transfer experiments were performed. CENU-treated cell cultures showed polyploidy and reactive oxygen species (ROS) production. Cell cultures challenged by a conditioned medium of CENU-treated cells underwent growth inhibition, cytoskeleton disorders, cytokinesis retardation, metabolite alterations, glutathione decrease and phosphoethanolamine increase, without ROS elicitation. Proteomics of CENU-treated cell conditioned media revealed altered protein secretion activity by CENU-treated cells. Among de novo secreted proteins, the most expressed were phosphatidylethanolamine-binding protein (PEBP), cardiovascular heat shock protein (cHsp), Rho-associated coiled-coil forming kinase 2 (ROCK) and actin fragments. These proteins testified of cytoskeleton disorders, growth inhibition and metabolite alterations. This article demonstrates the release by CENU-treated tumors of growth inhibitory differentiation-inducing soluble factors. These factors mediate remote bystander effects and attest persistent biological activity of residual tumors after chemotherapy.
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Xu L, Chen S, Bergan RC. MAPKAPK2 and HSP27 are downstream effectors of p38 MAP kinase-mediated matrix metalloproteinase type 2 activation and cell invasion in human prostate cancer. Oncogene 2006; 25:2987-98. [PMID: 16407830 DOI: 10.1038/sj.onc.1209337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 160] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Although cell invasion is a necessary early step in cancer metastasis, its regulation is not well understood. We have previously shown, in human prostate cancer, that transforming growth factor beta (TGFbeta)-mediated increases in cell invasion are dependent upon activation of the serine/threonine kinase, p38 MAP kinase. In the current study, downstream effectors of p38 MAP kinase were sought by first screening for proteins phosphorylated after TGFbeta treatment, only in the absence of chemical inhibitors of p38 MAP kinase. This led us to investigate mitogen-activated protein kinase-activated protein kinase 2 (MAPKAPK2), a known substrate of p38 MAP kinase, as well as heat-shock protein 27 (HSP27), a known substrate of MAPKAPK2, in both PC3 and PC3-M human prostate cells. After transient transfection, wild-type MAPKAPK2 and HSP27 both increased TGFbeta-mediated matrix metalloproteinase type 2 (MMP-2) activity, as well as cell invasion, which in turn was inhibited by SB203580, an inhibitor of p38 MAP kinase. Conversely, dominant-negative MAPKAPK2 blocked phosphorylation of HSP27, whereas dominant-negative MAPKAPK2 or mutant, non-phosphorylateable, HSP27 each blocked TGFbeta-mediated increases in MMP-2, as well as cell invasion. Similarly, knock down of MAPKAPK2, HSP27 or both together, by siRNA, also blocked TGFbeta-mediated cell invasion. This study demonstrates that both MAPKAPK2 and HSP27 are necessary for TGFbeta-mediated increases in MMP-2 and cell invasion in human prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Xu
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology/Oncology, Northwestern University Medical School, Chicago, IL, USA
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Parcellier A, Brunet M, Schmitt E, Col E, Didelot C, Hammann A, Nakayama K, Nakayama KI, Khochbin S, Solary E, Garrido C. HSP27 favors ubiquitination and proteasomal degradation of p27
Kip1
and helps S‐phase re‐entry in stressed cells. FASEB J 2006; 20:1179-81. [PMID: 16641199 DOI: 10.1096/fj.05-4184fje] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Stress-inducible HSP27 protects cells from death through various mechanisms. We have recently demonstrated that HSP27 can also enhance the degradation of some proteins through the proteasomal pathway. Here, we show that one of these proteins is the cyclin-dependent kinase (Cdk) inhibitor p27Kip1. The ubiquitination and degradation of this protein that favors progression through the cell cycle was previously shown to involve either a Skp2-dependent mechanism,i.e., at the S-/G2-transition, or a KPC (Kip1 ubiquitination-promoting complex)-dependent mechanism, i.e.,at the G0/G1 transition. In this work, we demonstrate that, in response to serum depletion, p27Kip1 cellular content first increases then progressively decreases as cells begin to die. In this stressful condition, HSP27favors p27Kip1 ubiquitination and degradation by the proteasome. A similar observation was made in response to stress induced by the NO donor glyceryl trinitrate (GTN). HSP27-mediated ubiquitination ofp27Kip1 does not require its phosphorylation on Thr187 or Ser-10, nor does it depend on the SCFSkp2 ubiquitin ligase E3 complex. It facilitates the G1/S transition,which suggests that, in stressful conditions, HSP27might render quiescent cells competent to re-enter the cell cycle.
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27
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Bausero MA, Bharti A, Page DT, Perez KD, Eng JWL, Ordonez SL, Jantschitsch C, Kindas-Muegge I, Ciocca D, Asea A. Silencing the hsp25 gene eliminates migration capability of the highly metastatic murine 4T1 breast adenocarcinoma cell. Tumour Biol 2005; 27:17-26. [PMID: 16340246 PMCID: PMC1764206 DOI: 10.1159/000090152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2005] [Accepted: 07/07/2005] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The 25-kDa heat shock protein (Hsp25) is associated with various malignancies and is expressed at high levels in biopsies as well as circulating in the serum of breast cancer patients. In this study, we used RNA interference technology to silence the hsp25 gene in 4T1 breast adenocarcinoma cells, known as a poorly immunogenic, highly metastatic cell line. We demonstrate that transfection of 4T1 cells with short interference RNA-Hsp25 dramatically inhibits proliferation as compared with control transfected cells. In addition, we show that 4T1 cells transfected with short interference RNA-Hsp25 abrogates tumor migration potential by a mechanism that is in part due to the repression of matrix metalloproteinase 9 expression and a concomitant upregulation of its antagonist, tissue inhibitor metalloproteinase 1. Taken together, these findings provide a model system for the study of metastatic potential of tumors and are suggestive of an earlier unrecognized role for Hsp25 in tumor migration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria A. Bausero
- Center for Molecular Stress Response, Boston University Medical Center and Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Mass
- Laboratorio de Oncología Básica y Biología Molecular, Departamento de Bioquímica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Ajit Bharti
- Center for Molecular Stress Response, Boston University Medical Center and Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Mass
| | - Diana T. Page
- Center for Molecular Stress Response, Boston University Medical Center and Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Mass
| | - Kristen D. Perez
- Center for Molecular Stress Response, Boston University Medical Center and Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Mass
- Division of Investigative Pathology, Department of Pathology, Scott & Whit Clinic and Texas A&M University System Health Science Center College of Medicine, Temple, Tex., USA
| | - Jason W.-L. Eng
- Center for Molecular Stress Response, Boston University Medical Center and Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Mass
| | - Susana L. Ordonez
- Center for Molecular Stress Response, Boston University Medical Center and Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Mass
| | - Christian Jantschitsch
- Division of Special and Environmental Dermatology, Department of Dermatology, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | | | - Daniel Ciocca
- Institute of Experimental Medicine and Biology of Cuyo (IMBECU)-CONICET, Mendoza, Argentina
| | - Alexzander Asea
- Center for Molecular Stress Response, Boston University Medical Center and Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Mass
- Division of Investigative Pathology, Department of Pathology, Scott & Whit Clinic and Texas A&M University System Health Science Center College of Medicine, Temple, Tex., USA
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Abstract
Small heat shock proteins (sHSPs) function as molecular chaperones, preventing stress induced aggregation of partially denatured proteins and promoting their return to native conformations when favorable conditions pertain. Sequence similarity between sHSPs resides predominately in an internal stretch of residues termed the alpha-crystallin domain, a region usually flanked by two extensions. The poorly conserved N-terminal extension influences oligomer construction and chaperone activity, whereas the flexible C-terminal extension stabilizes quaternary structure and enhances protein/substrate complex solubility. sHSP polypeptides assemble into dynamic oligomers which undergo subunit exchange and they bind a wide range of cellular substrates. As molecular chaperones, the sHSPs protect protein structure and activity, thereby preventing disease, but they may contribute to cell malfunction when perturbed. For example, sHSPs prevent cataract in the mammalian lens and guard against ischemic and reperfusion injury due to heart attack and stroke. On the other hand, mutated sHSPs are implicated in diseases such as desmin-related myopathy and they have an uncertain relationship to neurological disorders including Parkinson's and Alzheimer's disease. This review explores the involvement of sHSPs in disease and their potential for therapeutic intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Sun
- Department of Biology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Canada
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29
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Croute F, Beau B, Murat JC, Vincent C, Komatsu H, Obata F, Soleilhavoup JP. Expression of stress-related genes in a cadmium-resistant A549 human cell line. JOURNAL OF TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH. PART A 2005; 68:703-18. [PMID: 16020198 DOI: 10.1080/15287390590925447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
This study was designed to explain the basis for Cd-acquired tolerance of A549 cells cultured in the presence of Cd. Thirty-day exposure of cultured human pneumocytes (A549 cell line) to 10 microM Cd was previously found to induce an acquired resistance persisting over several weeks of culture. Moreover, these Cd-resistant cells (R-cells) were found to proliferate faster than controls. No difference was found between R-cells and control cells (S-cells) concerning the basal and Cd-induced level of metallothioneins expression. However, after exposure to Cd, cell glutathione levels were unchanged in R-cells while they were either increased (at 10 microM Cd) or decreased (at 25 microM Cd) in S-cells. cDNA array analysis showed that genes encoding for (GPx1) glutathione peroxidase, glutathione reductase, catalase, and superoxide dismutase were similarly expressed in R- and S-cells, whereas the gene of (GPx2) glutathione peroxidase was overexpressed in R-cells. Most genes encoding stress proteins were similarly expressed, except for HSP27 and GRP94 genes, which were respectively under- (ratio 0.5 +/- 0.1) and over- (1.8 +/- 0.5) expressed in R-cells. Acute exposure to Cd was found to trigger the upregulation of genes encoding the chaperone proteins HSP90A, HSP27, HSP40, GRP78, HSP72, and HO-1 in S-cells. In R-cells, only HO-1 and HSP72 were overexpressed but at a lower level. This suggests that the Cd-related adverse conditions, leading to protein misfolding, are lowered in R-cells. It is likely that the upregulation of GPx2 in R-cells leads to a higher antioxidant defense in these cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Françoise Croute
- Laboratoire de Biologie Cellulaire et Pollution, Faculté de Médecine Toulouse-Purpan, Toulouse, France.
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Kang SH, Fung MA, Gandour-Edwards R, Reilly D, Dizon T, Grahn J, Isseroff RR. Heat shock protein 27 is expressed in normal and malignant human melanocytes in vivo. J Cutan Pathol 2005; 31:665-71. [PMID: 15491326 DOI: 10.1111/j.0303-6987.2004.00248.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Heat shock proteins (HSPs) are a family of highly conserved proteins found ubiquitously in mammalian cells, believed to be regulators of normal cell physiology and the cellular stress response. In addition, the small 27-kDa heat shock protein (HSP27) has previously been found to be a differentiation marker for keratinocytes and a prognostic marker associated with increased survival in certain cancerous tumors. METHODS Using immunohistochemistry on routinely processed paraffin sections, we examined skin biopsies from 15 invasive melanomas, 13 intradermal nevi, and two compound nevi immunostained with a mouse monoclonal antibody to HSP27. In addition, cultured melanocytes were heat stressed at 45 degrees C for 1 h and then fixed and immunostained in order to localize HSP27 expression intracellularly. RESULTS We found cytoplasmic and strong perinuclear staining of HSP27 in melanocytes in normal skin, in melanomas, and in nevi. Nuclear reactivity was absent. In addition, in cultured non-malignant melanocytes, HSP27 expression relocated from the cytoplasm to the nucleus with heat stress. CONCLUSIONS To our knowledge, this investigation is the first to demonstrate that HSP27 is expressed in melanocytes in normal skin, in nevi, and in non-malignant cultured melanocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven H Kang
- Department of Dermatology, University of California Davis, School of Medicine, One Shields Avenue Davis, CA 95616, USA
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Sreedhar AS, Csermely P. Heat shock proteins in the regulation of apoptosis: new strategies in tumor therapy: a comprehensive review. Pharmacol Ther 2004; 101:227-57. [PMID: 15031001 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2003.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 309] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Heat shock proteins (Hsp) form the most ancient defense system in all living organisms on earth. These proteins act as molecular chaperones by helping in the refolding of misfolded proteins and assisting in their elimination if they become irreversibly damaged. Hsp interact with a number of cellular systems and form efficient cytoprotective mechanisms. However, in some cases, wherein it is better if the cell dies, there is no reason for any further defense. Programmed cell death is a widely conserved general phenomenon helping in many processes involving the reconstruction of multicellular organisms, as well as in the elimination of old or damaged cells. Here, we review some novel elements of the apoptotic process, such as its interrelationship with cellular senescence and necrosis, as well as bacterial apoptosis. We also give a survey of the most important elements of the apoptotic machinery and show the various modes of how Hsp interact with the apoptotic events in detail. We review caspase-independent apoptotic pathways and anoikis as well. Finally, we show the emerging variety of pharmacological interventions inhibiting or, just conversely, inducing Hsp and review the emergence of Hsp as novel therapeutic targets in anticancer protocols.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amere Subbarao Sreedhar
- Department of Medical Chemistry, Semmelweis University, P.O. Box 260, H-1444 Budapest, Hungary
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Lee JE, Kim YJ, Kim JY, Lee WT, Yenari MA, Giffard RG. The 70 kDa heat shock protein suppresses matrix metalloproteinases in astrocytes. Neuroreport 2004; 15:499-502. [PMID: 15094511 DOI: 10.1097/00001756-200403010-00023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The 70 kDa heat shock protein (Hsp70) is synthesized in response to a variety of stresses, including ischemia, and is thought to act as a molecular chaperone to prevent protein denaturation and facilitate protein folding. Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), a family of serine proteases, are also upregulated by ischemia and are thought to promote cell death and tissue injury. We examined the influence of Hsp70 on expression and activity of MMPs. Astrocyte cultures were prepared from neonatal mice and transfected with retroviral vectors containing hsp70 or lacZ or mock infected, then exposed to oxygen-glucose deprivation followed by reperfusion. Zymograms and Western blots showed that Hsp70 over-expression suppressed MMP-2 and MMP-9. These findings suggest that Hsp70 may protect by regulating MMPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jong Eun Lee
- Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine, Room 136-A, Yonsei University, 134 Shinchon-Dong, Seodaemun-Ku, Seoul 120-752, Korea.
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Aldrian S, Kindas-Mügge I, Trautinger F, Fröhlich I, Gsur A, Herbacek I, Berger W, Micksche M. Overexpression of Hsp27 in a human melanoma cell line: regulation of E-cadherin, MUC18/MCAM, and plasminogen activator (PA) system. Cell Stress Chaperones 2003; 8:249-57. [PMID: 14984058 PMCID: PMC514878 DOI: 10.1379/1466-1268(2003)008<0249:oohiah>2.0.co;2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2002] [Revised: 03/04/2003] [Accepted: 03/12/2003] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Hsp27 is considered a potential marker for cell differentiation in diverse tissues. Several aspects linked to the differentiation process and to the transition from high to low metastatic potential were analyzed in melanoma cells transfected with Hsp27. E-cadherin plays a central role in cell differentiation, migration, and normal development. Loss of expression or function of E-cadherin has been documented in a variety of human malignancies. We observed by fluorescence-activated cell sorter (FACS) as well as immunofluorescence (IF) analysis a pronounced expression of E-cadherin in Hsp27-transfected A375 melanoma cells compared with control melanoma cells. The expression of the adhesion molecule MUC18/MCAM correlates directly with the metastatic potential of melanoma cells. In contrast to wild-type and neotransfected melanoma cells, in Hsp27-transfected cells the expression of MUC18/MCAM could not be detected by FACS and IF analysis. The plasminogen activator (PA) system plays a central role in mediating extracellular proteolysis and also in nonproteolytic events such as cell adhesion, migration, and transmembrane signaling. Hsp27 transfectants revealed elevated messenger ribonucleic acid expression of the urokinase-type PA (uPA) and its inhibitor, PA inhibitor type 1, which might indicate a neutralization effect of the proteolytic activity of uPA. Control cells failed to express both these molecules. The influence of Hsp27 expression on uPA activity and the involvement of E-cadherin could be demonstrated by use of anti-E-cadherin-blocking antibody. Our data provide evidence for an inhibitory-regulatory role of Hsp27 in tumor progression as found in our system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silke Aldrian
- Institute of Cancer Research, University of Vienna, Borschkegasse 8a, A-1090 Vienna, Austria
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