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Zimta AA, Tomuleasa C, Sahnoune I, Calin GA, Berindan-Neagoe I. Long Non-coding RNAs in Myeloid Malignancies. Front Oncol 2019; 9:1048. [PMID: 31681586 PMCID: PMC6813191 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2019.01048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2019] [Accepted: 09/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) represents 80% of adult leukemias and 15-20% of childhood leukemias. AML are characterized by the presence of 20% blasts or more in the bone marrow, or defining cytogenetic abnormalities. Laboratory diagnoses of myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) depend on morphological changes based on dysplasia in peripheral blood and bone marrow, including peripheral blood smears, bone marrow aspirate smears, and bone marrow biopsies. As leukemic cells are not functional, the patient develops anemia, neutropenia, and thrombocytopenia, leading to fatigue, recurrent infections, and hemorrhage. The genetic background and associated mutations in AML blasts determine the clinical course of the disease. Over the last decade, non-coding RNAs transcripts that do not codify for proteins but play a role in regulation of functions have been shown to have multiple applications in the diagnosis, prognosis and therapeutic approach of various types of cancers, including myeloid malignancies. After a comprehensive review of current literature, we found reports of multiple long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) that can differentiate between AML types and how their exogenous modulation can dramatically change the behavior of AML cells. These lncRNAs include: H19, LINC00877, RP11-84C10, CRINDE, RP11848P1.3, ZNF667-AS1, AC111000.4-202, SFMBT2, LINC02082-201, MEG3, AC009495.2, PVT1, HOTTIP, SNHG5, and CCAT1. In addition, by performing an analysis on available AML data in The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA), we found 10 lncRNAs with significantly differential expression between patients in favorable, intermediate/normal, or poor cytogenetic risk categories. These are: DANCR, PRDM16-DT, SNHG6, OIP5-AS1, SNHG16, JPX, FTX, KCNQ1OT1, TP73-AS1, and GAS5. The identification of a molecular signature based on lncRNAs has the potential for have deep clinical significance, as it could potentially help better define the evolution from low-grade MDS to high-grade MDS to AML, changing the course of therapy. This would allow clinicians to provide a more personalized, patient-tailored therapeutic approach, moving from transfusion-based therapy, as is the case for low-grade MDS, to the introduction of azacytidine-based chemotherapy or allogeneic stem cell transplantation, which is the current treatment for high-grade MDS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alina-Andreea Zimta
- MedFuture - Research Center for Advanced Medicine, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Ciprian Tomuleasa
- Department of Hematology, Research Center for Functional Genomics and Translational Medicine, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
- Department of Hematology, Ion Chiricuta Clinical Cancer Center, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Iman Sahnoune
- Department of Experimental Therapeutics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | - George A. Calin
- Department of Experimental Therapeutics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
- Center for RNA Interference and Non-Coding RNAs, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Ioana Berindan-Neagoe
- MedFuture - Research Center for Advanced Medicine, Research Center for Functional Genomics and Translational Medicine, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
- Department of Functional Genomics and Experimental Pathology, Ion Chiricuta Clinical Cancer Center, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
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Avraham-Lubin BCR, Goldenberg-Cohen N, Sadikov T, Askenasy N. VEGF induces neuroglial differentiation in bone marrow-derived stem cells and promotes microglia conversion following mobilization with GM-CSF. Stem Cell Rev Rep 2013; 8:1199-210. [PMID: 22810360 DOI: 10.1007/s12015-012-9396-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Evaluation of potential tropic effects of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) on the incorporation and differentiation of bone-marrow-derived stem cells (BMSCs) in a murine model of anterior ischemic optic neuropathy (AION). METHODS In the first approach, small-sized subset of BMCs were isolated from GFP donors mice by counterflow centrifugal elutriation and depleted of hematopoietic lineages (Fr25lin(-)). These cells were injected into a peripheral vein (1 × 10(6) in 0.2 ml) or inoculated intravitreally (2 × 10(5)) to syngeneic mice, with or without intravitreal injection of 5 μg/2μL VEGF, simultaneously with AION induction. In a second approach, hematopoietic cells were substituted by myelablative transplant of syngeseic GFP + bone marrow cells. After 3 months, progenitors were mobilized with granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) followed by VEGF inoculation into the vitreous body and AION induction . Engraftment and phenotype were examined by immunohistochemistry and FISH at 4 and 24 weeks post-transplantation, and VEGF receptors were determined by real time PCR. RESULTS VEGF had no quantitative effect on incorporation of elutriated cells in the injured retina, yet it induced early expression of neuroal markers in cells incorporated in the RGC layer and promoted durable gliosis, most prominent perivascular astrocytes. These effects were mediated by VEGF-R1/Flt-1, which is constitutively expresses in the elutriated fraction of stem cells. Mobilization with GM-CSF limited the differentiation of bone marrow progenitors to microglia, which was also fostered by VEGF. CONCLUSIONS VEGF signaling mediated by Flt-1 induces early neural and sustained astrocytic differentiation of stem cells elutriated from adult bone-marrow, with significant contribution to stabilization retinal architecture following ischemic injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bat-Chen R Avraham-Lubin
- The Krieger Eye Research Laboratory, Felsenstein Medical Research Center, Tel Aviv University, Petach Tikva, Israel
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Aliotta JM, Lee D, Puente N, Faradyan S, Sears EH, Amaral A, Goldberg L, Dooner MS, Pereira M, Quesenberry PJ. Progenitor/stem cell fate determination: interactive dynamics of cell cycle and microvesicles. Stem Cells Dev 2012; 21:1627-38. [PMID: 22214238 DOI: 10.1089/scd.2011.0550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
We have shown that hematopoietic stem/progenitor cell phenotype and differentiative potential change throughout cell cycle. Lung-derived microvesicles (LDMVs) also change marrow cell phenotype by inducing them to express pulmonary epithelial cell-specific mRNA and protein. These changes are accentuated when microvesicles isolated from injured lung. We wish to determine if microvesicle-treated stem/progenitor cell phenotype is linked to cell cycle and to the injury status of the lung providing microvesicles. Lineage depleted, Sca-1+ (Lin-/Sca-1+) marrow isolated from mice were cultured with interleukin 3 (IL-3), IL-6, IL-11, and stem cell factor (cytokine-cultured cells), removed at hours zero (cell cycle phase G0/G1), 24 (late G1/early S), and 48 (late S/early G2/M), and cocultured with lung tissue, lung conditioned media (LCM), or LDMV from irradiated or nonirradiated mice. Alternatively, Lin-/Sca-1+ cells not exposed to exogenous cytokines were separated into G0/G1 and S/G2/M cell cycle phase populations by fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS) and used in coculture. Separately, LDMV from irradiated and nonirradiated mice were analyzed for the presence of adhesion proteins. Peak pulmonary epithelial cell-specific mRNA expression was seen in G0/G1 cytokine-cultured cells cocultured with irradiated lung and in late G1/early S cells cocultured with nonirradiated lung. The same pattern was seen in cytokine-cultured Lin-/Sca-1 cells cocultured with LCM and LDMV and when FACS-separated Lin-/Sca-1 cells unexposed to exogenous cytokines were used in coculture. Cells and LDMV expressed adhesion proteins whose levels differed based on cycle status (cells) or radiation injury (LDMV), suggesting a mechanism for microvesicle entry. These data demonstrate that microvesicle modification of progenitor/stem cells is influenced by cell cycle and the treatment of the originator lung tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason M Aliotta
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Rhode Island Hospital, The Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI 02903, USA.
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Gross E, Quillet-Mary A, Ysebaert L, Laurent G, Fournie JJ. Cancer stem cells of differentiated B-cell malignancies: models and consequences. Cancers (Basel) 2011; 3:1566-79. [PMID: 24212774 PMCID: PMC3757378 DOI: 10.3390/cancers3021566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2011] [Revised: 03/21/2011] [Accepted: 03/21/2011] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The concept of cancer stem cells has revolutionized our current vision of cancer development and was validated in solid tumors and cancers of the primitive hematopoietic compartment. Proof of the principle is still lacking, however, in malignancies of differentiated B-cells. We review here the current literature, which nevertheless suggests hierarchical organizations of the tumor clone for mostly incurable B-cell cancers such as multiple myeloma, lymphomas and B-chronic lymphocytic leukemia. We propose two models accounting for cancer stem cells in these contexts: a “top-to-bottom” clonal hierarchy from memory B-cells and a “bottom-to-top” model of clonal reprogramming. Selection pressure on the growing tumor can drive such reprogramming and increase its genetic diversity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emilie Gross
- INSERM, UMR1037-Cancer Research Center of Toulouse, 31300 Toulouse, France; E-Mails: (E.G.); (A.Q.-M.); (L.Y.); (G.L.)
- ERL 5294 CNRS, BP3028 CHU Purpan, 31300 Toulouse, France
- Université Toulouse III Paul-Sabatier, 31300 Toulouse, France
| | - Anne Quillet-Mary
- INSERM, UMR1037-Cancer Research Center of Toulouse, 31300 Toulouse, France; E-Mails: (E.G.); (A.Q.-M.); (L.Y.); (G.L.)
- ERL 5294 CNRS, BP3028 CHU Purpan, 31300 Toulouse, France
- Université Toulouse III Paul-Sabatier, 31300 Toulouse, France
| | - Loic Ysebaert
- INSERM, UMR1037-Cancer Research Center of Toulouse, 31300 Toulouse, France; E-Mails: (E.G.); (A.Q.-M.); (L.Y.); (G.L.)
- ERL 5294 CNRS, BP3028 CHU Purpan, 31300 Toulouse, France
- Université Toulouse III Paul-Sabatier, 31300 Toulouse, France
- Service d'Hématologie, CHU Purpan, 31300 Toulouse, France
| | - Guy Laurent
- INSERM, UMR1037-Cancer Research Center of Toulouse, 31300 Toulouse, France; E-Mails: (E.G.); (A.Q.-M.); (L.Y.); (G.L.)
- ERL 5294 CNRS, BP3028 CHU Purpan, 31300 Toulouse, France
- Université Toulouse III Paul-Sabatier, 31300 Toulouse, France
- Service d'Hématologie, CHU Purpan, 31300 Toulouse, France
| | - Jean-Jacques Fournie
- INSERM, UMR1037-Cancer Research Center of Toulouse, 31300 Toulouse, France; E-Mails: (E.G.); (A.Q.-M.); (L.Y.); (G.L.)
- ERL 5294 CNRS, BP3028 CHU Purpan, 31300 Toulouse, France
- Université Toulouse III Paul-Sabatier, 31300 Toulouse, France
- Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mail: ; Tel.: +33-562-748-364; Fax: +33-562-744-558
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Quesenberry PJ, Dooner MS, Aliotta JM. Stem cell plasticity revisited: the continuum marrow model and phenotypic changes mediated by microvesicles. Exp Hematol 2010; 38:581-92. [PMID: 20382199 PMCID: PMC2887723 DOI: 10.1016/j.exphem.2010.03.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2010] [Revised: 02/27/2010] [Accepted: 03/31/2010] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The phenotype of marrow hematopoietic stem cells is determined by cell-cycle state and microvesicle entry into the stem cells. The stem cell population is continually changing based on cell-cycle transit and can only be defined on a population basis. Purification of marrow stem cells only addresses the heterogeneity of these populations. When whole marrow is studied, the long-term repopulating stem cells are in active cell cycle. However, with some variability, when highly purified stem cells are studied, the cells appear to be dormant. Thus, the study of purified stem cells is intrinsically misleading. Tissue-derived microvesicles enhanced by injury effect the phenotype of different cell classes. We propose that previously described stem cell plasticity is due to microvesicle modulation. We further propose a stem cell population model in which the individual cell phenotypes continually change, but the population phenotype is relatively stable. This, in turn, is modulated by microvesicle and microenvironmental influences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter J. Quesenberry
- Rhode Island Hospital, The Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Division of Hematology and Oncology, Providence, RI
| | - Mark S. Dooner
- Rhode Island Hospital, The Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Division of Hematology and Oncology, Providence, RI
| | - Jason M. Aliotta
- Rhode Island Hospital, The Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Division of Hematology and Oncology, Providence, RI
- Rhode Island Hospital, The Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Division of Pulmonary, Sleep and Critical Care Medicine, Providence, RI
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Fu L, Zhu L, Huang Y, Lee TD, Forman SJ, Shih CC. Derivation of neural stem cells from mesenchymal stemcells: evidence for a bipotential stem cell population. Stem Cells Dev 2009; 17:1109-21. [PMID: 18426339 DOI: 10.1089/scd.2008.0068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Neural stem cell (NSC) transplantation has been proposed as a future therapy for neurodegenerative disorders. However, NSC transplantation will be hampered by the limited number of brain donors and the toxicity of immunosuppressive regimens that might be needed with allogeneic transplantation. These limitations may be avoided if NSCs can be generated from clinically accessible sources, such as bone marrow (BM) and peripheral blood samples, that are suitable for autologous transplantation. We report here that NSCs can be generated from human BM-derived mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). When cultured in NSC culture conditions, 8% of MSCs were able to generate neurospheres. These MSC-derived neurospheres expressed characteristic NSC antigens, such as nestin and musashi-1, and were capable of self-renewal and multilineage differentiation into neurons, astrocytes, and oligodendrocytes. Furthermore, when these MSC-derived neurospheres were cocultured with primary astrocytes, they differentiate into neurons that possess both dendritic and axonal processes, form synapses, and are able to fire tetrodotoxin-sensitive action potentials. When these MSC-derived NSCs were switched back to MSC culture conditions, a small fraction of NSCs (averaging 4-5%) adhered to the culture flasks, proliferated, and displayed the morphology of MSCs. Those adherent cells expressed the characteristic MSC antigens and regained the ability to differentiate into multiple mesodermal lineages. Data presented in this study suggest that MSCs contain a small fraction (averaging 4-5%) of a bipotential stem cell population that is able to generate either MSCs or NSCs depending on the culture conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lijuan Fu
- Division of Hematology/Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, California 91010-3000, USA
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Hoffmann M, Chang HH, Huang S, Ingber DE, Loeffler M, Galle J. Noise-driven stem cell and progenitor population dynamics. PLoS One 2008; 3:e2922. [PMID: 18698344 PMCID: PMC2488392 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0002922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2008] [Accepted: 07/02/2008] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The balance between maintenance of the stem cell state and terminal differentiation is influenced by the cellular environment. The switching between these states has long been understood as a transition between attractor states of a molecular network. Herein, stochastic fluctuations are either suppressed or can trigger the transition, but they do not actually determine the attractor states. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS We present a novel mathematical concept in which stem cell and progenitor population dynamics are described as a probabilistic process that arises from cell proliferation and small fluctuations in the state of differentiation. These state fluctuations reflect random transitions between different activation patterns of the underlying regulatory network. Importantly, the associated noise amplitudes are state-dependent and set by the environment. Their variability determines the attractor states, and thus actually governs population dynamics. This model quantitatively reproduces the observed dynamics of differentiation and dedifferentiation in promyelocytic precursor cells. CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE Consequently, state-specific noise modulation by external signals can be instrumental in controlling stem cell and progenitor population dynamics. We propose follow-up experiments for quantifying the imprinting influence of the environment on cellular noise regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Hoffmann
- Interdisciplinary Centre for Bioinformatics, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany.
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Ratajczak MZ. Phenotypic and functional characterization of hematopoietic stem cells. Curr Opin Hematol 2008; 15:293-300. [DOI: 10.1097/moh.0b013e328302c7ca] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Dooner GJ, Colvin GA, Dooner MS, Johnson KW, Quesenberry PJ. Gene expression fluctuations in murine hematopoietic stem cells with cell cycle progression. J Cell Physiol 2008; 214:786-95. [PMID: 17894410 PMCID: PMC4286177 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.21273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Evolving data suggest that marrow hematopoietic stem cells show reversible changes in homing, engraftment, and differentiation phenotype with cell cycle progression. Furthermore, marrow stem cells are a cycling population. Traditional concepts hold that the system is hierarchical, but the information on the lability of phenotype with cycle progression suggests a model in which stem cells are on a reversible continuum. Here we have investigated mRNA expression in murine lineage negative stem cell antigen-1 positive stem cells of a variety of cell surface epitopes and transcription regulators associated with stem cell identity or regulation. At isolation these stem cells expressed almost all cell surface markers, and transcription factors studied, including receptors for G-CSF, GM-CSF, and IL-7. When these stem cells were induced to transit cell cycle in vitro by exposure to interleukin-3 (IL-3), Il-6, IL-11, and steel factor some (CD34, CD45R c-kit, Gata-1, Gata-2, Ikaros, and Fog) showed stable expression over time, despite previously documented alterations in phenotype, while others showed variation of expression between and within experiments. These latter included Sca-1, Mac-1, c-fms, and c-mpl. Tal-1, endoglin, and CD4. These studies indicate that defined marrow stem cells express a wide variety of genes at isolation and with cytokine induced cell cycle transit show marked and reversible phenotype lability. Altogether, the phenotypic plasticity of gene expression for murine stem cells indicates a continuum model of stem cell regulation and extends the model to reversible expression with cell cycle transit of mRNA for cytokine receptors and stem cell markers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerri J Dooner
- Department of Medical Oncology, Rhode Island Hospital, Providence, Rhode Island, 02903, USA
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Sell S. Adult stem cell plasticity: introduction to the first issue of stem cell reviews. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007; 1:1-7. [PMID: 17132868 DOI: 10.1385/scr:1:1:001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
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