1
|
Zhou M, Wang F, Dai Q, Dou J, Wu Y, Zhu Y. Identification of a novel de novo mutation in SOX4 for syndromic tooth agenesis. Clin Oral Investig 2024; 28:287. [PMID: 38684576 DOI: 10.1007/s00784-024-05659-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2023] [Accepted: 04/12/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Coffin-Siris Syndrome (CSS) is a congenital disorder characterized by delayed growth, dysmorphic facial features, hypoplastic nails and phalanges of the fifth digit, and dental abnormalities. Tooth agenesis has been reported in CSS patients, but the mechanisms regulating this syndromic tooth agenesis remain largely unknown. This study aims to identify the pathogenic mutation of CSS presenting tooth genesis and explore potential regulatory mechanisms. MATERIALS AND METHODS We utilized whole-exome sequencing to identify variants in a CSS patient, followed by Sanger validation. In silico analysis including conservation analysis, pathogenicity predictions, and 3D structural assessments were carried out. Additionally, single-cell RNA sequencing and fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) were applied to explore the spatio-temporal expression of Sox4 expression during murine tooth development. Weighted Gene Co-expression Network Analysis (WGCNA) was employed to examine the functional role of SOX4. RESULTS A novel de novo SOX4 missense mutation (c.1255C > G, p.Leu419Val) was identified in a Chinese CSS patient exhibiting tooth agenesis. Single-cell RNA sequencing and FISH further verified high expression of Sox4 during murine tooth development, and WGCNA confirmed its central role in tooth development pathways. Enriched functions included cell-substrate junctions, focal adhesion, and RNA splicing. CONCLUSIONS Our findings link a novel SOX4 mutation to syndromic tooth agenesis in CSS. This is the first report of SOX4 missense mutation causing syndromic tooth agenesis. CLINICAL RELEVANCE This study not only enhances our understanding of the pathogenic mutation for syndromic tooth agenesis but also provides genetic diagnosis and potential therapeutic insights for syndromic tooth agenesis.
Collapse
Grants
- YBKB202101 Project of Biobank of Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine
- YBKB202101 Project of Biobank of Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine
- YBKB202101 Project of Biobank of Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine
- 21ZR1436900, 21ZR1437700 Natural Science Foundation of Shanghai
- 21ZR1436900, 21ZR1437700 Natural Science Foundation of Shanghai
- KQYJXK2020 Research Discipline fund from Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, and College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University
- KQYJXK2020 Research Discipline fund from Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, and College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University
- 82271004 National Natural Science Foundation of China
- 82271004 National Natural Science Foundation of China
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mengqi Zhou
- Department of General Dentistry, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
- National Center for Stomatology, Shanghai, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai, China
- Department of Second Dental Center, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Feng Wang
- College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
- National Center for Stomatology, Shanghai, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai, China
- Department of Second Dental Center, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Qinggang Dai
- College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
- National Center for Stomatology, Shanghai, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai, China
- Department of Second Dental Center, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiaqi Dou
- College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
- National Center for Stomatology, Shanghai, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai, China
- Department of Second Dental Center, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yiqun Wu
- College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.
- National Center for Stomatology, Shanghai, China.
- National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shanghai, China.
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai, China.
- Department of Second Dental Center, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
| | - Yaqin Zhu
- Department of General Dentistry, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
- College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.
- National Center for Stomatology, Shanghai, China.
- National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shanghai, China.
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai, China.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Tantibhaedhyangkul W, Tantrapornpong J, Yutchawit N, Theerapanon T, Intarak N, Thaweesapphithak S, Porntaveetus T, Shotelersuk V. Dental characteristics of patients with four different types of skeletal dysplasias. Clin Oral Investig 2023; 27:5827-5839. [PMID: 37548766 PMCID: PMC10560164 DOI: 10.1007/s00784-023-05194-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2022] [Accepted: 07/28/2023] [Indexed: 08/08/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Skeletal dysplasia (SD) comprises more than 450 separate disorders. We hypothesized that their dental features would be distinctive and investigated the tooth characteristics of four patients with different SDs. MATERIAL AND METHODS Four SD patients with molecularly confirmed diagnoses, Pt-1 acromicric dysplasia, Pt-2 hypophosphatasia and hypochondroplasia, Pt-3 cleidocranial dysplasia, and Pt-4 achondroplasia, were recruited. A tooth from each patient was evaluated for mineral density (micro-computerized tomography), surface roughness (surface profilometer), microhardness, mineral contents (energy-dispersive X-ray), and ultrastructure (scanning electron microscopy and histology), and compared with three tooth-type matched controls. RESULTS Pt-1 and Pt-3 had several unerupted teeth. Pt-2 had an intact-root-exfoliated tooth at 2 years old. The lingual surfaces of the patients' teeth were significantly smoother, while their buccal surfaces were rougher, than controls, except for Pt-1's buccal surface. The patients' teeth exhibited deep grooves around the enamel prisms and rough intertubular dentin. Pt-3 demonstrated a flat dentinoenamel junction and Pt-2 had an enlarged pulp, barely detectable cementum layer, and ill-defined cemento-dentinal junction. Reduced microhardnesses in enamel, dentin, and both layers were observed in Pt-3, Pt-4, and Pt-1, respectively. Pt-1 showed reduced Ca/P ratio in dentin, while both enamel and dentin of Pt-2 and Pt-3 showed reduced Ca/P ratio. CONCLUSION Each SD has distinctive dental characteristics with changes in surface roughness, ultrastructure, and mineral composition of dental hard tissues. CLINICAL RELEVANCE In this era of precision dentistry, identifying the specific potential dental problems for each patient with SD would help personalize dental management guidelines.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Worasap Tantibhaedhyangkul
- Center of Excellence in Genomics and Precision Dentistry, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Dentistry, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
- Department of Prosthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
| | - Jenjira Tantrapornpong
- Center of Excellence in Genomics and Precision Dentistry, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Dentistry, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
| | - Nuttanun Yutchawit
- Center of Excellence in Genomics and Precision Dentistry, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Dentistry, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
| | - Thanakorn Theerapanon
- Center of Excellence in Genomics and Precision Dentistry, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Dentistry, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
| | - Narin Intarak
- Center of Excellence in Genomics and Precision Dentistry, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Dentistry, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
| | - Sermporn Thaweesapphithak
- Center of Excellence in Genomics and Precision Dentistry, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Dentistry, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
| | - Thantrira Porntaveetus
- Center of Excellence in Genomics and Precision Dentistry, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Dentistry, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand.
| | - Vorasuk Shotelersuk
- Center of Excellence for Medical Genomics, Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
- Excellence Center for Genomics and Precision Medicine, King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital, the Thai Red Cross Society, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Sun J, Lin Y, Ha N, Zhang J, Wang W, Wang X, Bian Q. Single-cell RNA-Seq reveals transcriptional regulatory networks directing the development of mouse maxillary prominence. J Genet Genomics 2023; 50:676-687. [PMID: 36841529 DOI: 10.1016/j.jgg.2023.02.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2022] [Revised: 01/15/2023] [Accepted: 02/08/2023] [Indexed: 02/27/2023]
Abstract
During vertebrate embryonic development, neural crest-derived ectomesenchyme within the maxillary prominences undergoes precisely coordinated proliferation and differentiation to give rise to diverse craniofacial structures, such as tooth and palate. However, the transcriptional regulatory networks underpinning such an intricate process have not been fully elucidated. Here, we perform single-cell RNA-Seq to comprehensively characterize the transcriptional dynamics during mouse maxillary development from embryonic day (E) 10.5-E14.5. Our single-cell transcriptome atlas of ∼28,000 cells uncovers mesenchymal cell populations representing distinct differentiating states and reveals their developmental trajectory, suggesting that the segregation of dental from the palatal mesenchyme occurs at E11.5. Moreover, we identify a series of key transcription factors (TFs) associated with mesenchymal fate transitions and deduce the gene regulatory networks directed by these TFs. Collectively, our study provides important resources and insights for achieving a systems-level understanding of craniofacial morphogenesis and abnormality.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jian Sun
- Department of Oral and Cranio-Maxillofacial Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200011, China; National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, Shanghai 200011, China
| | - Yijun Lin
- Department of Oral and Cranio-Maxillofacial Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200011, China; Shanghai Institute of Precision Medicine, Shanghai 200125, China
| | - Nayoung Ha
- Department of Oral and Cranio-Maxillofacial Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200011, China; National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, Shanghai 200011, China
| | - Jianfei Zhang
- Department of Oral and Cranio-Maxillofacial Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200011, China; National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, Shanghai 200011, China
| | - Weiqi Wang
- Department of Oral and Cranio-Maxillofacial Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200011, China; National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, Shanghai 200011, China
| | - Xudong Wang
- Department of Oral and Cranio-Maxillofacial Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200011, China; National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, Shanghai 200011, China.
| | - Qian Bian
- Department of Oral and Cranio-Maxillofacial Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200011, China; Shanghai Institute of Precision Medicine, Shanghai 200125, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Jackson A, Lin SJ, Jones EA, Chandler KE, Orr D, Moss C, Haider Z, Ryan G, Holden S, Harrison M, Burrows N, Jones WD, Loveless M, Petree C, Stewart H, Low K, Donnelly D, Lovell S, Drosou K, Varshney GK, Banka S. Clinical, genetic, epidemiologic, evolutionary, and functional delineation of TSPEAR-related autosomal recessive ectodermal dysplasia 14. HGG ADVANCES 2023; 4:100186. [PMID: 37009414 PMCID: PMC10064225 DOI: 10.1016/j.xhgg.2023.100186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2022] [Accepted: 02/27/2023] [Indexed: 06/11/2023] Open
Abstract
TSPEAR variants cause autosomal recessive ectodermal dysplasia (ARED) 14. The function of TSPEAR is unknown. The clinical features, the mutation spectrum, and the underlying mechanisms of ARED14 are poorly understood. Combining data from new and previously published individuals established that ARED14 is primarily characterized by dental anomalies such as conical tooth cusps and hypodontia, like those seen in individuals with WNT10A-related odontoonychodermal dysplasia. AlphaFold-predicted structure-based analysis showed that most of the pathogenic TSPEAR missense variants likely destabilize the β-propeller of the protein. Analysis of 100000 Genomes Project (100KGP) data revealed multiple founder TSPEAR variants across different populations. Mutational and recombination clock analyses demonstrated that non-Finnish European founder variants likely originated around the end of the last ice age, a period of major climatic transition. Analysis of gnomAD data showed that the non-Finnish European population TSPEAR gene-carrier rate is ∼1/140, making it one of the commonest AREDs. Phylogenetic and AlphaFold structural analyses showed that TSPEAR is an ortholog of drosophila Closca, an extracellular matrix-dependent signaling regulator. We, therefore, hypothesized that TSPEAR could have a role in enamel knot, a structure that coordinates patterning of developing tooth cusps. Analysis of mouse single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) data revealed highly restricted expression of Tspear in clusters representing enamel knots. A tspeara -/-;tspearb -/- double-knockout zebrafish model recapitulated the clinical features of ARED14 and fin regeneration abnormalities of wnt10a knockout fish, thus suggesting interaction between tspear and wnt10a. In summary, we provide insights into the role of TSPEAR in ectodermal development and the evolutionary history, epidemiology, mechanisms, and consequences of its loss of function variants.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Adam Jackson
- Division of Evolution, Infection and Genomics, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
- Manchester Centre for Genomic Medicine, St Mary’s Hospital, Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Health Innovation Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Sheng-Jia Lin
- Genes and Human Disease Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Elizabeth A. Jones
- Division of Evolution, Infection and Genomics, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
- Manchester Centre for Genomic Medicine, St Mary’s Hospital, Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Health Innovation Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Kate E. Chandler
- Manchester Centre for Genomic Medicine, St Mary’s Hospital, Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Health Innovation Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - David Orr
- Manchester Centre for Genomic Medicine, St Mary’s Hospital, Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Health Innovation Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Celia Moss
- Department of Dermatology, Birmingham Children’s Hospital, Birmingham Women’s and Children’s NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, UK
| | - Zahra Haider
- Department of Dermatology, Birmingham Children’s Hospital, Birmingham Women’s and Children’s NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, UK
| | - Gavin Ryan
- West Midlands Regional Genetics Laboratory, Birmingham Women’s and Children’s NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, UK
| | - Simon Holden
- Clinical Genetics, Addenbrooke’s Hospital, Cambridge, UK
| | - Mike Harrison
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Guy’s and St Thomas' Dental Institute, London, UK
| | - Nigel Burrows
- Department of Dermatology, Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge, UK
| | - Wendy D. Jones
- North East Thames Regional Genetics Service, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children, Great Ormond Street NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Mary Loveless
- Genes and Human Disease Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Cassidy Petree
- Genes and Human Disease Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Helen Stewart
- Oxford Centre for Genomic Medicine, Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford, UK
| | - Karen Low
- Department of Clinical Genetics, St Michael’s Hospital, Bristol, UK
| | - Deirdre Donnelly
- Department of Genetic Medicine, Belfast HSC Trust, Lisburn Road, Belfast, UK
| | - Simon Lovell
- Division of Evolution, Infection and Genomics, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Konstantina Drosou
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
- Division of Cell Matrix Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, 99 Oxford Road, Manchester, UK
| | - Gaurav K. Varshney
- Genes and Human Disease Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Siddharth Banka
- Division of Evolution, Infection and Genomics, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
- Manchester Centre for Genomic Medicine, St Mary’s Hospital, Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Health Innovation Manchester, Manchester, UK
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Lav R, Krivanek J, Anthwal N, Tucker AS. Wnt signaling from Gli1-expressing apical stem/progenitor cells is essential for the coordination of tooth root development. Stem Cell Reports 2023; 18:1015-1029. [PMID: 36931279 PMCID: PMC10147554 DOI: 10.1016/j.stemcr.2023.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2022] [Revised: 02/15/2023] [Accepted: 02/15/2023] [Indexed: 03/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Stem cell regulation plays a crucial role during development and homeostasis. Here, an essential source of Wnts from Gli1+ stem/progenitor cells was identified in the murine molar. Loss of Wnt production in Gli1+ apical stem/progenitor cells led to loss of Axin2 at the root apex, mis-regulation of SOX9, loss of BMP and Hh signaling, and truncation of root development. In the absence of Wnt signals, the root epithelium lost its integrity and epithelial identity. This phenotype could be partially mimicked by loss of Sox9 in the Gli1 population. Stabilization of Wnt signaling in the apical papilla led to rapid unordered differentiation of hard tissues and fragmentation of the epithelial root sheath. Wnt signaling from Gli1+ stem/progenitor cells, therefore, orchestrates root development, coordinating mesenchymal and epithelial interactions via SOX9 to regulate stem/progenitor cell expansion and differentiation. Our results demonstrate that disparate stem/progenitor cell populations are unified in their fundamental signaling interactions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rupali Lav
- Centre for Craniofacial and Regenerative Biology, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Jan Krivanek
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Neal Anthwal
- Centre for Craniofacial and Regenerative Biology, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Abigail S Tucker
- Centre for Craniofacial and Regenerative Biology, King's College London, London, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Liu J, Dong W, Gao C, Meng Y. Salvianolic Acid B Protects Cardiomyocytes from Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury by Mediating circTRRAP/miR-214-3p/SOX6 Axis. Int Heart J 2022; 63:1176-1186. [DOI: 10.1536/ihj.22-102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jingying Liu
- Department of Pharmacy, Second Affiliated Hospital of Mudanjiang Medical University
| | - Wenjie Dong
- Department of Stomatology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Mudanjiang Medical University
| | - Chunmei Gao
- Department of Cardiology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Mudanjiang Medical University
| | - Ye Meng
- Department of Ultrasonic, Second Affiliated Hospital of Mudanjiang Medical University
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Inoue K, Matsuzaka K, Inoue T. Identification of Novel Regulator Involved in Differentiation of Mouse iPS Cells into Odontoblast-like Cells. THE BULLETIN OF TOKYO DENTAL COLLEGE 2022; 63:119-128. [PMID: 35965082 DOI: 10.2209/tdcpublication.2021-0045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Odontoblasts differentiate from dental papilla stem cells, but the genetic changes that occur during this process remain unclear. The aim of this study was to investigate gene expression patterns during differentiation of mouse iPS cells into odontoblast-like cells. Mouse iPS cells were cultured on a collagen type-1 scaffold with bone morphogenetic protein 4 (BMP4) and retinoic acid (RA). The results of immunofluorescence studies for dentin sialoprotein, dentin matrix protein 1 (DMP1), and nestin were positive. A qRT-PCR analysis revealed that mRNA expression levels of neural crest marker sex determining region Y box (Sox)-10, dentin sialophosphoprotein (Dspp), and Dmp1 were up-regulated, but that mRNA expression levels of the mineralization markers bone sialoprotein and osteocalcin were down-regulated. Microarray analysis showed that 2,597 entities were up-regulated and 1,327 down-regulated among a total of 15,330 investigated. Sox11 was among the up-regulated genes identified. The Sox11 mRNA expression level with odontoblast induction after day 11 was higher than that after day 2 (p<0.05). Gene knockdown using small interference RNA (siRNA) silencing was used to characterize the function of Sox11. The Dspp mRNA expression level in Sox11 siRNA-treated cells was significantly lower than that in the control (p<0.05). These results suggest that BMP4 and RA induce mouse iPS cells to differentiate into odontoblast-like cells. The differentiation efficiency is not high, however, and many stem cells remain. The results also suggest that Sox11 is an important factor in odontoblastic differentiation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kenji Inoue
- Department of Clinical Pathophysiology, Tokyo Dental College.,New York University College of Dentistry, Bluestone Center for Clinical Research, Oral Cancer Center
| | - Kenichi Matsuzaka
- Department of Clinical Pathophysiology, Tokyo Dental College.,Department of Pathology, Tokyo Dental College
| | - Takashi Inoue
- Department of Clinical Pathophysiology, Tokyo Dental College.,Tokyo Dental College
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
The Effects of Transforming Growth Factor-β1 on the Differentiation of Cell Organoids Composed of Gingiva-Derived Stem Cells. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 2022:9818299. [PMID: 35872843 PMCID: PMC9303143 DOI: 10.1155/2022/9818299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2022] [Revised: 06/17/2022] [Accepted: 06/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
This study was aimed at evaluating the effects of transforming growth factor-β on the differentiation and mRNA expression of organoids made out of human mesenchymal stem cells. Cell organoids composed of gingiva-derived stem cells were cultured in the presence of transforming growth factor-β1 at concentrations ranging from 0, 1, 10, to 20 ng/ml. Evaluations of the cell morphology of the organoids were performed on days 7, 9, 11, and 14. Quantitative cellular viability was completed on day 14. Alkaline phosphatase activity assays were performed to evaluate the differentiation of stem cells on day 14. Real-time polymerase chain reactions were used to determine the expression levels of TGF-β1, RUNX2, OCN, SOX9, and COL1A1 mRNA on day 14. The stem cells produced well-formed organoids on day 7, and the addition of transforming growth factor-β1 did not result in relevant changes in their shape. The organoids grew in size and became more intact with longer incubation times. On day 14, the diameters were 222.2 ± 9.6, 186.1 ± 4.8, 197.2 ± 9.6, and 211.1 ± 19.2 m for transforming growth factor-β1 at final concentrations of 0, 1, 10, and 20 ng/ml, respectively. Quantitative cell viability results from day 14 exhibited no significant difference between the groups (P > 0.05). There was significantly higher alkaline phosphatase activity with the addition of transforming growth factor-β1 with the highest value for the 1 ng/ml group (P < 0.05). Real-time polymerase chain reaction results demonstrated that the mRNA expression levels of RUNX2, OCN, and SOX were higher in 1 ng/ml but did not reach statistical significance. Treatment with 1 ng/ml of transforming growth factor-β1 significantly increased COL1A1 mRNA expression at day 14. The application of transforming growth factor-β1 increased differentiation, which was confirmed by alkaline phosphatase activity and mRNA expression while maintaining cell viability.
Collapse
|
9
|
Gruenhagen GW, Mubeen T, Patil C, Stockert J, Streelman JT. Single Cell RNA Sequencing Reveals Deep Homology of Dental Cell Types Across Vertebrates. FRONTIERS IN DENTAL MEDICINE 2022; 3. [DOI: 10.3389/fdmed.2022.845449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Like most mammals, humans replace their teeth once throughout their lives and have limited regenerative capabilities. In contrast, mice continually renew tissues lost due to gnawing through a well characterized population of stem cells on the labial surface of the incisor. Most non-mammalian vertebrates replace teeth throughout life; the cellular and molecular mechanisms of successional tooth replacement are largely unknown. Here we use single nuclei RNA sequencing (snRNA-seq) of replacement teeth and adjacent oral lamina in Lake Malawi cichlids, species with lifelong whole–tooth replacement, to make two main discoveries. First, despite hundreds of millions of years of evolution, we demonstrate conservation of cell type gene expression across vertebrate teeth (fish, mouse, human). Second, we used an approach that combines marker gene expression and developmental potential of dental cells to uncover the transcriptional signature of stem-like cells in regenerating teeth. Our work underscores the importance of a comparative framework in the study of vertebrate oral and regenerative biology.
Collapse
|
10
|
Organoids from human tooth showing epithelial stemness phenotype and differentiation potential. Cell Mol Life Sci 2022; 79:153. [PMID: 35217915 PMCID: PMC8881251 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-022-04183-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2021] [Revised: 01/27/2022] [Accepted: 02/01/2022] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Insight into human tooth epithelial stem cells and their biology is sparse. Tissue-derived organoid models typically replicate the tissue’s epithelial stem cell compartment. Here, we developed a first-in-time epithelial organoid model starting from human tooth. Dental follicle (DF) tissue, isolated from unerupted wisdom teeth, efficiently generated epithelial organoids that were long-term expandable. The organoids displayed a tooth epithelial stemness phenotype similar to the DF’s epithelial cell rests of Malassez (ERM), a compartment containing dental epithelial stem cells. Single-cell transcriptomics reinforced this organoid-ERM congruence, and uncovered novel, mouse-mirroring stem cell features. Exposure of the organoids to epidermal growth factor induced transient proliferation and eventual epithelial-mesenchymal transition, highly mimicking events taking place in the ERM in vivo. Moreover, the ERM stemness organoids were able to unfold an ameloblast differentiation process, further enhanced by transforming growth factor-β (TGFβ) and abrogated by TGFβ receptor inhibition, thereby reproducing TGFβ's known key position in amelogenesis. Interestingly, by creating a mesenchymal-epithelial composite organoid (assembloid) model, we demonstrated that the presence of dental mesenchymal cells (i.e. pulp stem cells) triggered ameloblast differentiation in the epithelial stem cells, thus replicating the known importance of mesenchyme-epithelium interaction in tooth development and amelogenesis. Also here, differentiation was abrogated by TGFβ receptor inhibition. Together, we developed novel organoid models empowering the exploration of human tooth epithelial stem cell biology and function as well as their interplay with dental mesenchyme, all at present only poorly defined in humans. Moreover, the new models may pave the way to future tooth-regenerative perspectives.
Collapse
|
11
|
Mao C, Lai Y, Liao C, Chen J, Hong Y, Ren C, Wang C, Lu M, Chen W. Revitalizing mouse diphyodontic dentition formation by inhibiting the sonic hedgehog signaling pathway. Dev Dyn 2021; 251:759-776. [PMID: 34719835 DOI: 10.1002/dvdy.436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Revised: 09/24/2021] [Accepted: 10/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tooth regeneration depends on the longevity of the dental epithelial lamina. However, the exact mechanism of dental lamina regression has not yet been clarified. To explore the role of the Sonic hedgehog (Shh) signaling pathway in regression process of the rudimentary successional dental lamina (RSDL) in mice, we orally administered a single dose of a Shh signaling pathway inhibitor to pregnant mice between embryonic day 13.0 (E13.0) and E17.0. RESULTS We observed that the Shh signaling pathway inhibitor effectively inhibited the expression of Shh signaling pathway components and revitalized RSDL during E15.0-E17.0 by promoting cell proliferation. In addition, mRNA-seq, reverse transcription plus polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR), and immunohistochemical analyses indicated that diphyodontic dentition formation might be related to FGF signal up-regulation and the Sostdc1-Wnt negative feedback loop. CONCLUSIONS Overall, our results indicated that the Shh signaling pathway may play an initial role in preventing further development of mouse RSDL in a time-dependent manner.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chuanqing Mao
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, China.,Fujian Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & Stomatological Key Lab of Fujian College and University, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China.,Institute of Stomatology, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Yongzhen Lai
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, China
| | - Caiyu Liao
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, China.,Fujian Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & Stomatological Key Lab of Fujian College and University, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China.,Institute of Stomatology, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Jiangping Chen
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, China.,Institute of Stomatology, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Yuhang Hong
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, China.,Institute of Stomatology, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Chengyan Ren
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, China.,Fujian Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & Stomatological Key Lab of Fujian College and University, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China.,Institute of Stomatology, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Chengyong Wang
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, China
| | - Meng Lu
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, China
| | - Weihui Chen
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, China.,Fujian Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & Stomatological Key Lab of Fujian College and University, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China.,Fujian Biological Materials Engineering and Technology Center of Stomatology, Fuzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Sánchez N, Juárez-Balarezo J, Olhaberry M, González-Oneto H, Muzard A, Mardonez MJ, Franco P, Barrera F, Gaete M. Depression and Antidepressants During Pregnancy: Craniofacial Defects Due to Stem/Progenitor Cell Deregulation Mediated by Serotonin. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:632766. [PMID: 34476233 PMCID: PMC8406697 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.632766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2020] [Accepted: 07/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Depression is a common and debilitating mood disorder that increases in prevalence during pregnancy. Worldwide, 7 to 12% of pregnant women experience depression, in which the associated risk factors include socio-demographic, psychological, and socioeconomic variables. Maternal depression could have psychological, anatomical, and physiological consequences in the newborn. Depression has been related to a downregulation in serotonin levels in the brain. Accordingly, the most commonly prescribed pharmacotherapy is based on selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs), which increase local serotonin concentration. Even though the use of SSRIs has few adverse effects compared with other antidepressants, altering serotonin levels has been associated with the advent of anatomical and physiological changes in utero, leading to defects in craniofacial development, including craniosynostosis, cleft palate, and dental defects. Migration and proliferation of neural crest cells, which contribute to the formation of bone, cartilage, palate, teeth, and salivary glands in the craniofacial region, are regulated by serotonin. Specifically, craniofacial progenitor cells are affected by serotonin levels, producing a misbalance between their proliferation and differentiation. Thus, it is possible to hypothesize that craniofacial development will be affected by the changes in serotonin levels, happening during maternal depression or after the use of SSRIs, which cross the placental barrier, increasing the risk of craniofacial defects. In this review, we provide a synthesis of the current research on depression and the use of SSRI during pregnancy, and how this could be related to craniofacial defects using an interdisciplinary perspective integrating psychological, clinical, and developmental biology perspectives. We discuss the mechanisms by which serotonin could influence craniofacial development and stem/progenitor cells, proposing some transcription factors as mediators of serotonin signaling, and craniofacial stem/progenitor cell biology. We finally highlight the importance of non-pharmacological therapies for depression on fertile and pregnant women, and provide an individual analysis of the risk-benefit balance for the use of antidepressants during pregnancy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Sánchez
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Jesús Juárez-Balarezo
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Marcia Olhaberry
- Department of Psychology, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Millennium Institute for Research in Depression and Personality (MIDAP), Santiago, Chile
| | - Humberto González-Oneto
- School of Dentistry, Faculty of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Antonia Muzard
- Department of Psychology, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Millennium Institute for Research in Depression and Personality (MIDAP), Santiago, Chile
| | - María Jesús Mardonez
- Department of Psychology, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Millennium Institute for Research in Depression and Personality (MIDAP), Santiago, Chile
| | - Pamela Franco
- Department of Psychology, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Millennium Institute for Research in Depression and Personality (MIDAP), Santiago, Chile
| | - Felipe Barrera
- School of Dentistry, Faculty of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Marcia Gaete
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Cleft Candidate Genes and Their Products in Human Unilateral Cleft Lip Tissue. Diseases 2021; 9:diseases9020026. [PMID: 33917041 PMCID: PMC8167758 DOI: 10.3390/diseases9020026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2021] [Revised: 04/02/2021] [Accepted: 04/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Cleft lip and palate are common congenital pathologies that affect the human population worldwide. The formation of cleft lip is associated with multiple genes and their coded proteins, which regulate the development of craniofacial region, but the exact role of these factors is not always clear. The use of morphological studies for evaluation of human cleft-affected tissue has been limited because of insufficiency of available pathological material. The aim of this study was to detect and compare the immunohistochemical expression of cleft candidate gene coded proteins (DLX4, MSX2, HOXB3, SHH, PAX7, SOX3, WNT3A, and FOXE1) in the non-syndromic unilateral cleft lip patient tissue and control group tissue. A semiquantitative counting method was used to evaluate the tissue in biotin-streptavidin-stained slides. Statistically significant differences between the patient and control groups were found for the number of immunoreactive structures for SHH (p = 0.019) and FOXE1 (p = 0.011) in the connective tissue and SOX3 (p = 0.012) in the epithelium. Multiple statistically significant very strong and strong correlations were found between the immunoreactives in cleft-affected tissue. These significant differences and various correlations indicate that multiple morphopathogenetic pathways are possibly involved in unilateral cleft lip pathogenesis. Therefore, we further discuss these possible interactions.
Collapse
|
14
|
Schock EN, LaBonne C. Sorting Sox: Diverse Roles for Sox Transcription Factors During Neural Crest and Craniofacial Development. Front Physiol 2020; 11:606889. [PMID: 33424631 PMCID: PMC7793875 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2020.606889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2020] [Accepted: 11/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Sox transcription factors play many diverse roles during development, including regulating stem cell states, directing differentiation, and influencing the local chromatin landscape. Of the twenty vertebrate Sox factors, several play critical roles in the development the neural crest, a key vertebrate innovation, and the subsequent formation of neural crest-derived structures, including the craniofacial complex. Herein, we review the specific roles for individual Sox factors during neural crest cell formation and discuss how some factors may have been essential for the evolution of the neural crest. Additionally, we describe how Sox factors direct neural crest cell differentiation into diverse lineages such as melanocytes, glia, and cartilage and detail their involvement in the development of specific craniofacial structures. Finally, we highlight several SOXopathies associated with craniofacial phenotypes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth N. Schock
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, United States
| | - Carole LaBonne
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, United States
- NSF-Simons Center for Quantitative Biology, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, United States
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Saito K, Chiba Y, Yamada A, Fukumoto S. Identification and function analysis of ameloblast differentiation-related molecules using mouse incisors. PEDIATRIC DENTAL JOURNAL 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pdj.2020.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
|
16
|
Shi Y, Han Y, Niu L, Li J, Chen Y. MiR-499 inhibited hypoxia/reoxygenation induced cardiomyocytes injury by targeting SOX6. Biotechnol Lett 2019; 41:837-847. [PMID: 31076992 PMCID: PMC6551346 DOI: 10.1007/s10529-019-02685-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2019] [Accepted: 05/02/2019] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Objective MiR-499 has been reported to be expressed only in cardiomyocytes, and its expression would increase after acute myocardial infarction (AMI). miR-499 plays a role in the process of cardiomyocytes injury induced by hypoxia/reoxygenation (H/R), however, it still remains unclear. Results Hypoxia inhibited miR-499-5p expression and H/R induced apoptosis. SOX6 was a target gene of miR-499-5p, and high expression of miR-499-5p inhibited the expression of SOX6. MiR-499-5p reduced H9c2 cells injury by inhibiting the expression of SOX6, overexpression of which could reverse the effect of miR-499-5p on H9c2 cells. MiR-499-5p inhibited the levels of LDH and MDA, while overexpression of miR-499-5p inhibited H/R-induced cell apoptosis. MiR-499-5p could up-regulate the level of Bcl-2 and down-regulate the expression levels of Bax and caspase-3. However, SOX6 partially reversed these effects of miR-499-5p. Conclusion We proved that miR-499-5p inhibited H/R-induced cardiomyocytes injury by targeting SOX6. Our results suggested that miR-499-5p/SOX6 pathway may present a potential therapeutic target for the treatment of AMI.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yujie Shi
- Department of Cardiology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, No. 28 Fuxing Road, Beijing, 100853, China
| | - Yunfeng Han
- Cardiovascular Disease Institute, PLA Army General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Lili Niu
- Cardiovascular Disease Institute, PLA Army General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Junxia Li
- Cardiovascular Disease Institute, PLA Army General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yundai Chen
- Department of Cardiology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, No. 28 Fuxing Road, Beijing, 100853, China.
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Popa EM, Buchtova M, Tucker AS. Revitalising the rudimentary replacement dentition in the mouse. Development 2019; 146:dev.171363. [PMID: 30658984 DOI: 10.1242/dev.171363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2018] [Accepted: 01/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Most mammals have two sets of teeth (diphyodont) - a deciduous dentition replaced by a permanent dentition; however, the mouse possesses only one tooth generation (monophyodont). In diphyodonts, the replacement tooth forms on the lingual side of the first tooth from the successional dental lamina. This lamina expresses the stem/progenitor marker Sox2 and has activated Wnt/β-catenin signalling at its tip. Although the mouse does not replace its teeth, a transient rudimentary successional dental lamina (RSDL) still forms during development. The mouse RSDL houses Sox2-positive cells, but no Wnt/β-catenin signalling. Here, we show that stabilising Wnt/β-catenin signalling in the RSDL in the mouse leads to proliferation of the RSDL and formation of lingually positioned teeth. Although Sox2 has been shown to repress Wnt activity, overexpression of Wnts leads to a downregulation of Sox2, suggesting a negative-feedback loop in the tooth. In the mouse, the first tooth represses the formation of the replacement, and isolation of the RSDL is sufficient to induce formation of a new tooth germ. Our data highlight key mechanisms that may have influenced the evolution of replacement teeth.This article has an associated 'The people behind the papers' interview.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elena M Popa
- Centre for Craniofacial and Regenerative Biology, Department of Craniofacial Development and Stem Cell Biology, King's College London, London SE1 9RT, UK
| | - Marcela Buchtova
- Institute of Animal Physiology and Genetics, Czech Academy of Sciences, 602 00 Brno, Czech Republic.,Department of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Abigail S Tucker
- Centre for Craniofacial and Regenerative Biology, Department of Craniofacial Development and Stem Cell Biology, King's College London, London SE1 9RT, UK .,Department of Developmental Biology, Institute of Experimental Medicine, Czech Academy of Sciences, 142 20 Prague, Czech Republic
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Sox Genes Show Spatiotemporal Expression during Murine Tongue and Eyelid Development. Int J Dent 2018; 2018:1601363. [PMID: 30402101 PMCID: PMC6198611 DOI: 10.1155/2018/1601363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2018] [Revised: 08/03/2018] [Accepted: 08/27/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The tongue is a critical organ, involved in functions such as speaking, swallowing, mastication, and degustation. Although Sox genes are known to play critical roles in many biological processes, including organogenesis, the expression of the Sox family members during tongue development remains unclear. We therefore performed a comparative in situ hybridization analysis of 17 Sox genes (Sox1–14, 17, 18, and 21) during murine tongue development. Sox2, 4, 6, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, and 21 were found to be expressed in the tongue epithelium, whereas Sox2, 4–6, 8–11, 13, and 21 showed expression in the mesenchyme of the developing tongue. Expression of Sox1, 4, 6, 8–12, and 21 were observed in the developing tongue muscle. Sox5 and 13 showed expression only at E12, while Sox1 expression was observed only on E18. Sox6, 8, 9, and 12 showed expression at several stages. Although the expression of Sox2, 4, 10, 11, and 21 was detected during all the four stages of tongue development, their expression patterns differed among the stages. We thus identified a dynamic spatiotemporal expression pattern of the Sox genes during murine tongue development. To understand whether Sox genes are involved in the development of other craniofacial organs through similar roles to those in tongue development, we also examined the expression of Sox genes in eyelid primordia, which also contain epithelium, mesenchyme, and muscle. However, expression patterns and timing of Sox genes differed between tongue and eyelid development. Sox genes are thus related to organogenesis through different functions in each craniofacial organ.
Collapse
|
19
|
Watanabe M, Kawasaki K, Kawasaki M, Portaveetus T, Oommen S, Blackburn J, Nagai T, Kitamura A, Nishikawa A, Kodama Y, Takagi R, Maeda T, Sharpe PT, Ohazama A. Spatio-temporal expression of Sox genes in murine palatogenesis. Gene Expr Patterns 2016; 21:111-8. [PMID: 27241892 DOI: 10.1016/j.gep.2016.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2016] [Revised: 05/25/2016] [Accepted: 05/25/2016] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Members of the Sox gene family play critical roles in many biological processes including organogenesis. We carried out comparative in situ hybridisation analysis of seventeen Sox genes (Sox1-14, 17, 18 and 21) during murine palatogenesis from initiation to fusion of the palatal shelves above the dorsal side of the tongue. At palatal shelf initiation (E12.5), the localized expression of six Sox genes (Sox2, 5, 6, 9, 12 and 13) was observed in the shelves, whereas Sox4 and Sox11 showed ubiquitious expression. During the down-growth of palatal shelves (E13.5), Sox4, Sox5, and Sox9 exhibited restricted expression to the interior side of the palatal shelves facing the tongue. Following elevation of the palatal shelves (E14.5), Sox2, Sox11 and Sox21 expression was present in the midline epithelial seam. We thus identify dynamic spatio-temporal expression of Sox gene family during the process of palatogenesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Momoko Watanabe
- Division of Oral Anatomy, Department of Oral Biological Science, Niigata University, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan; Division of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Department of Health Science, Niigata University, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan
| | - Katsushige Kawasaki
- Division of Oral Anatomy, Department of Oral Biological Science, Niigata University, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan; Department of Craniofacial Development and Stem Cell Biology, Dental Institute, King's College London, Guy's Hospital, London Bridge, London, SE1 9RT, UK; Oral Life Science, Research Center for Advanced Oral Science, Niigata University, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan
| | - Maiko Kawasaki
- Division of Oral Anatomy, Department of Oral Biological Science, Niigata University, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan; Department of Craniofacial Development and Stem Cell Biology, Dental Institute, King's College London, Guy's Hospital, London Bridge, London, SE1 9RT, UK
| | - Thantrira Portaveetus
- Department of Craniofacial Development and Stem Cell Biology, Dental Institute, King's College London, Guy's Hospital, London Bridge, London, SE1 9RT, UK
| | - Shelly Oommen
- Department of Craniofacial Development and Stem Cell Biology, Dental Institute, King's College London, Guy's Hospital, London Bridge, London, SE1 9RT, UK
| | - James Blackburn
- Department of Craniofacial Development and Stem Cell Biology, Dental Institute, King's College London, Guy's Hospital, London Bridge, London, SE1 9RT, UK
| | - Takahiro Nagai
- Division of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Department of Health Science, Niigata University, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan
| | - Atsushi Kitamura
- Division of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Department of Health Science, Niigata University, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan
| | - Atsushi Nishikawa
- Division of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Department of Health Science, Niigata University, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan
| | - Yasumitsu Kodama
- Division of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Department of Health Science, Niigata University, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan
| | - Ritsuo Takagi
- Division of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Department of Health Science, Niigata University, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan
| | - Takeyasu Maeda
- Division of Oral Anatomy, Department of Oral Biological Science, Niigata University, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan
| | - Paul T Sharpe
- Department of Craniofacial Development and Stem Cell Biology, Dental Institute, King's College London, Guy's Hospital, London Bridge, London, SE1 9RT, UK
| | - Atsushi Ohazama
- Division of Oral Anatomy, Department of Oral Biological Science, Niigata University, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan; Department of Craniofacial Development and Stem Cell Biology, Dental Institute, King's College London, Guy's Hospital, London Bridge, London, SE1 9RT, UK.
| |
Collapse
|