|
1
|
Avagyan H, Hakobyan S, Baghdasaryan B, Arzumanyan H, Poghosyan A, Bayramyan N, Semerjyan A, Sargsyan M, Voskanyan H, Vardanyan T, Karalyan N, Hakobyan L, Abroyan L, Avetisyan A, Karalova E, Semerjyan Z, Karalyan Z. Pathology and Clinics of Naturally Occurring Low-Virulence Variants of African Swine Fever Emerged in Domestic Pigs in the South Caucasus. Pathogens 2024; 13:130. [PMID: 38392868 PMCID: PMC10893001 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens13020130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2023] [Revised: 01/23/2024] [Accepted: 01/24/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Shortly after the establishment of African swine fever virus (ASFV) genotype II in 2007, cases of acute fatal infection were observed. However, after several years of circulation in the Eurasian region, the clinical signs of the disease changed. Currently, this disease can occur acutely, subclinically, chronically, or asymptomatically. Cases of the complete recovery of infected pigs, and the disappearance of ASFV from their tissues and secretions have been described. This form of the disease first appeared in Armenia at the end of 2011. This virus was described and identified as the Dilijan2011IMB strain. The goal of our research was to study the main features of clinical, pathological, immunological, virological, and genetic parameters involved in the development of new forms of African swine fever (ASF). Chronic ASF was characterized with low titers of the virus and a decrease in the intensity of hemadsorption. Additionally, a reduced intensity in clinical symptoms and pathoanatomical results was noted. The absolute, but not the relative number of immune cells changes; the neutropenia (in bone marrow and spleen), lymphopenia (in bone marrow), lymphocytosis (only in spleen), lymphoid cell depletion (in bone marrow), and pancytopenia (in bone marrow) observed in the chronic form of ASF were less pronounced compared to in the acute form. When comparing the late stage of chronic ASF to the acute form, the key cytological indicators in the spleen, lymph nodes, and blood were less severe in the chronic stage. Bone marrow failure in the chronic form, expressed in a pronounced decrease in all cell types, generally coincided with the data in the acute form of ASF. The same data were obtained after assessing serum TNF-alpha levels. Thus, we can conclude that the chronic form of ASF occurs due to a less pronounced immune response, as well as a decrease in virus titers in the blood and tissues of infected pigs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hranush Avagyan
- Laboratory of Cell Biology and Virology, Institute of Molecular Biology of NAS RA, Yerevan 0014, Armenia; (H.A.); (S.H.); (B.B.); (H.A.); (A.P.); (N.B.); (H.V.); (T.V.); (L.H.); (L.A.); (A.A.); (E.K.); (Z.S.)
- Experimental Laboratory, Yerevan State Medical University after M. Heratsy, Yerevan 0025, Armenia
| | - Sona Hakobyan
- Laboratory of Cell Biology and Virology, Institute of Molecular Biology of NAS RA, Yerevan 0014, Armenia; (H.A.); (S.H.); (B.B.); (H.A.); (A.P.); (N.B.); (H.V.); (T.V.); (L.H.); (L.A.); (A.A.); (E.K.); (Z.S.)
| | - Bagrat Baghdasaryan
- Laboratory of Cell Biology and Virology, Institute of Molecular Biology of NAS RA, Yerevan 0014, Armenia; (H.A.); (S.H.); (B.B.); (H.A.); (A.P.); (N.B.); (H.V.); (T.V.); (L.H.); (L.A.); (A.A.); (E.K.); (Z.S.)
| | - Hranush Arzumanyan
- Laboratory of Cell Biology and Virology, Institute of Molecular Biology of NAS RA, Yerevan 0014, Armenia; (H.A.); (S.H.); (B.B.); (H.A.); (A.P.); (N.B.); (H.V.); (T.V.); (L.H.); (L.A.); (A.A.); (E.K.); (Z.S.)
| | - Arpine Poghosyan
- Laboratory of Cell Biology and Virology, Institute of Molecular Biology of NAS RA, Yerevan 0014, Armenia; (H.A.); (S.H.); (B.B.); (H.A.); (A.P.); (N.B.); (H.V.); (T.V.); (L.H.); (L.A.); (A.A.); (E.K.); (Z.S.)
| | - Nane Bayramyan
- Laboratory of Cell Biology and Virology, Institute of Molecular Biology of NAS RA, Yerevan 0014, Armenia; (H.A.); (S.H.); (B.B.); (H.A.); (A.P.); (N.B.); (H.V.); (T.V.); (L.H.); (L.A.); (A.A.); (E.K.); (Z.S.)
| | - Anna Semerjyan
- Department of Medical Biology and Genetics, Yerevan State Medical University after M. Heratsy, Yerevan 0025, Armenia;
| | - Mariam Sargsyan
- Department of Epizootiology and Parasitology, Armenian National Agrarian University, Yerevan 0009, Armenia;
| | - Henry Voskanyan
- Laboratory of Cell Biology and Virology, Institute of Molecular Biology of NAS RA, Yerevan 0014, Armenia; (H.A.); (S.H.); (B.B.); (H.A.); (A.P.); (N.B.); (H.V.); (T.V.); (L.H.); (L.A.); (A.A.); (E.K.); (Z.S.)
| | - Tigranuhi Vardanyan
- Laboratory of Cell Biology and Virology, Institute of Molecular Biology of NAS RA, Yerevan 0014, Armenia; (H.A.); (S.H.); (B.B.); (H.A.); (A.P.); (N.B.); (H.V.); (T.V.); (L.H.); (L.A.); (A.A.); (E.K.); (Z.S.)
| | - Naira Karalyan
- Department of Pathological Anatomy and Clinical Morphology, Yerevan State Medical University after M. Heratsi, Yerevan 0025, Armenia;
| | - Lina Hakobyan
- Laboratory of Cell Biology and Virology, Institute of Molecular Biology of NAS RA, Yerevan 0014, Armenia; (H.A.); (S.H.); (B.B.); (H.A.); (A.P.); (N.B.); (H.V.); (T.V.); (L.H.); (L.A.); (A.A.); (E.K.); (Z.S.)
| | - Liana Abroyan
- Laboratory of Cell Biology and Virology, Institute of Molecular Biology of NAS RA, Yerevan 0014, Armenia; (H.A.); (S.H.); (B.B.); (H.A.); (A.P.); (N.B.); (H.V.); (T.V.); (L.H.); (L.A.); (A.A.); (E.K.); (Z.S.)
| | - Aida Avetisyan
- Laboratory of Cell Biology and Virology, Institute of Molecular Biology of NAS RA, Yerevan 0014, Armenia; (H.A.); (S.H.); (B.B.); (H.A.); (A.P.); (N.B.); (H.V.); (T.V.); (L.H.); (L.A.); (A.A.); (E.K.); (Z.S.)
- Experimental Laboratory, Yerevan State Medical University after M. Heratsy, Yerevan 0025, Armenia
| | - Elena Karalova
- Laboratory of Cell Biology and Virology, Institute of Molecular Biology of NAS RA, Yerevan 0014, Armenia; (H.A.); (S.H.); (B.B.); (H.A.); (A.P.); (N.B.); (H.V.); (T.V.); (L.H.); (L.A.); (A.A.); (E.K.); (Z.S.)
- Experimental Laboratory, Yerevan State Medical University after M. Heratsy, Yerevan 0025, Armenia
| | - Zara Semerjyan
- Laboratory of Cell Biology and Virology, Institute of Molecular Biology of NAS RA, Yerevan 0014, Armenia; (H.A.); (S.H.); (B.B.); (H.A.); (A.P.); (N.B.); (H.V.); (T.V.); (L.H.); (L.A.); (A.A.); (E.K.); (Z.S.)
- Experimental Laboratory, Yerevan State Medical University after M. Heratsy, Yerevan 0025, Armenia
| | - Zaven Karalyan
- Laboratory of Cell Biology and Virology, Institute of Molecular Biology of NAS RA, Yerevan 0014, Armenia; (H.A.); (S.H.); (B.B.); (H.A.); (A.P.); (N.B.); (H.V.); (T.V.); (L.H.); (L.A.); (A.A.); (E.K.); (Z.S.)
- Department of Medical Biology and Genetics, Yerevan State Medical University after M. Heratsy, Yerevan 0025, Armenia;
| |
Collapse
|
|
2
|
Alebiosu OS, Adekanmbi OH. Aerofloral studies and allergenicity of dominant pollen types in Taraba and Bauchi States of Northeastern Nigeria. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 845:157076. [PMID: 35780899 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.157076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2022] [Revised: 06/26/2022] [Accepted: 06/26/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Pollen and spores have been identified as major airborne bio-particles inducing respiratory disorders including allergic rhinitis and atopic dermatitis among hypersensitive individuals. The present study was conducted with a view to investigating monthly depositional rate of atmospheric palynomorphs to determine the influence of the immediate vegetation on airborne pollen distribution; allergenic activities of dominant atmospheric pollen types at selected study locations in Taraba and Bauchi States, Northeastern Nigeria. Bioaerosols were collected using Tauber-like pollen traps and subjected to standard palynological treatment procedures, microscopy and photomicrography. Plant enumeration within the surrounding vegetation revealed that some airborne pollen types were produced by local plants at the study locations. Spores of Nephrolepis sp., Pteris sp. and a trilete fern, as well as diatoms were also recovered. Crude protein contents of some dominant pollen types; Borreria verticillata (L.) G.F.W. Meyer and Panicum maximum Jacq. for Taraba State; Leucaena leucocephala (Lam.) de Wit. and Terminalia catappa L. for Bauchi State, were quantified and extracted to sensitize Mus musculus mice for serology (ELISA) and haematology (differential and total white blood cell counts). Statistical significance was tested and recorded in the correlation between levels of serological and haematological parameters elicited by each test group; differences between levels of these parameters elicited by each test group and those of the control, as well as at varying sensitization periods. In the Leucaena leucocephala test group, swollen body and histopathological morbid features showing more extensive areas of inflammatory cells and alveoli filled with fluid in the lungs, were recorded in two dead M. musculus, respectively. The study revealed that all the tested pollen types are possible allergens at the study locations, establishing a complexity of interaction among allergy mediators at varied periods of mice sensitization and forming a paradigm of human immune response to the different pollen allergens.
Collapse
|
|
3
|
Xie H, Wu Y, Cui W. Correlation between the cell population in the automated hematology analyzer high-fluorescence region and atypical lymphocyte flags. J Clin Lab Anal 2017; 32:e22374. [PMID: 29266369 DOI: 10.1002/jcla.22374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2017] [Accepted: 12/01/2017] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION During routine blood measurements using an automated hematology analyzer, two easily confused types of suspect flags related to lymphocytes often appear: atypical and immature lymphocytes. The aim of this study was to investigate the correlation of high fluorescence cell (HFC) parameter and lymphocyte flags determined from an automated hematology analyzer. METHODS A total of 93 patients affected by various pathologic conditions (viral infection, immunological disease, oncological disease and tumor) were divided into an "atypical lymphocytes" group ("atypical" for short), an "immature lymphocytes/blasts" flag group (abnormal), a mixed-flag group that includes "atypical lymphocytes" (mixed), and a non-flag group (non-flag). RESULTS The numbers of HFCs in the atypical, abnormal, mixed, and non-flag groups were 1.8% (0.9%-5.5%), 0.7% (0.1%-5.0%), 2.3% (1.2%-5.0%), and 0.8% (0.7%-1.2%), respectively. The HFCs of "atypical" appeared as a separate cluster with clear boundaries. The HFCs of "abnormal" as an unclear boundaries, and it was difficult to accurately distinguish between the HFCs from the immature lymphocytes and the normal lymphocytes. The lower limit of HFC when the atypical lymphocyte flag appeared was 0.04 × 109 /L. The number of HFCs was similar to atypical lymphocytes detected by microscopy and CD19+ CD20- CD27++ cells by flow cytometry at 78% and 76%, respectively. The number of HFCs detected in "atypical" and CD19+ CD20- CD27++ cells showed good consistency (r = .715), whereas the consistency was poorest for "abnormal" (r = .176). CONCLUSION It demonstrates that HFCs reflects atypical lymphocytes better than immature lymphocytes/blasts.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hongjie Xie
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, National Cancer Center/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.,Department of Clinical Laboratory, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yue Wu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, National Cancer Center/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.,Department of Clinical Laboratory, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Wei Cui
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, National Cancer Center/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.,Department of Clinical Laboratory, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| |
Collapse
|