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Jamali H, Akrami F, Bouakkaz S, Dozois CM. Prevalence of specific serogroups, antibiotic resistance and virulence factors of avian pathogenic Escherichia coli (APEC) isolated from clinical cases: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Microb Pathog 2024; 194:106843. [PMID: 39117015 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2024.106843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2024] [Revised: 07/22/2024] [Accepted: 08/05/2024] [Indexed: 08/10/2024]
Abstract
Pathogenic strains of Escherichia coli infecting poultry, commonly called avian pathogenic E. coli (APEC) present significant risks, to the health of both poultry and the general public. This systematic review aimed to examine the prevalence of APEC serotypes, sequence types (ST), phylogenetic groups, virulence factors and antibiotic resistance patterns based on 189 research papers sourced from PubMed, Web of Science, and ProQuest. Then, data were extracted from the selected studies and analyzed to assess the global distribution and characteristics of APEC strains. The metaprop codes in the Meta and Metafor packages of R as implemented in RStudio were then used to conduct meta-analysis. Among APEC strains identified from these different research reports serogroup O78 had the highest overall prevalence (16 %), followed by serogroups O2 (10 %), and O117 (8 %). The most common ST profiles were ST117 (20 %), ST140 (15 %), ST95 (12 %), and ST131 (9 %). ST117 and ST140 are known reservoirs for pathogenic E. coli in humans. Moreover, phylogenetic assessment highlighted the prevalence of phylogroups A, A1, F, D, and B2 among APEC strains indicating diversity in phylogenetic origin within poultry populations. The presence of antimicrobial resistance was notable among APEC strains against antibiotics such as tetracyclines, penicillins, and cephalosporins. This resistance may be linked to use of antimicrobials in poultry production in certain regions presenting challenges for both animal health management and human infection control. Analysis of sequences linked to adherence or virulence indicated that genes encoding adhesins (csg, fimC), iron/metal uptake (sitB, sitC, iroD) and cytotoxicity (estB, hlyF), and serum resistance (traT, iss) were highly prevalent. These factors have been reported to contribute to APEC host colonization and virulence in poultry. In summary, this overview of the characteristics of APEC highlights the pressing importance of monitoring and implementing management approaches to reduce antimicrobial resistance considering that a phylogenetic diversity of E. coli strains causes infections in both poultry and humans and represents a risk to both animal and public health. Further, determining the major conserved aspects and predominant mechanisms of virulence of APEC is critical for improving diagnostics and developing preventative measures to reduce the burden of infection caused by pathogenic E. coli in poultry and lower risks associated with foodborne transmission of E. coli to humans through poultry and poultry products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hossein Jamali
- Institut National de La Recherche Scientifique (INRS), Centre Armand-Frappier Santé Biotechnologie, 531 Boul. des Prairies, Laval, QC H7V 1B7, Canada; Centre de Recherche en Infectiologie Porcine et Avicole (CRIPA), Faculté de Médecine Vétérinaire, Université de Montréal Saint-Hyacinthe, Saint-Hyacinthe, QC J2S 2M2, Canada
| | - Fariba Akrami
- Institut National de La Recherche Scientifique (INRS), Centre Armand-Frappier Santé Biotechnologie, 531 Boul. des Prairies, Laval, QC H7V 1B7, Canada; Centre de Recherche en Infectiologie Porcine et Avicole (CRIPA), Faculté de Médecine Vétérinaire, Université de Montréal Saint-Hyacinthe, Saint-Hyacinthe, QC J2S 2M2, Canada
| | - Souhaib Bouakkaz
- École de Technologie Supérieure, 1100 R. Notre Dame Ouest, Montréal, QC H3C 1K3, Canada
| | - Charles M Dozois
- Institut National de La Recherche Scientifique (INRS), Centre Armand-Frappier Santé Biotechnologie, 531 Boul. des Prairies, Laval, QC H7V 1B7, Canada; Centre de Recherche en Infectiologie Porcine et Avicole (CRIPA), Faculté de Médecine Vétérinaire, Université de Montréal Saint-Hyacinthe, Saint-Hyacinthe, QC J2S 2M2, Canada.
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Ebrahem AF, El-Demerdash AS, Orady RM, Nabil NM. Modulatory Effect of Competitive Exclusion on the Transmission of ESBL E. coli in Chickens. Probiotics Antimicrob Proteins 2024; 16:1087-1098. [PMID: 37277569 PMCID: PMC11126521 DOI: 10.1007/s12602-023-10095-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The extensive use of antimicrobial agents in broiler farms causes the emergence of antimicrobial resistance of E. coli producing severe economic losses to the poultry industry; therefore, monitoring the transmission of ESBL E. coli is of great significance throughout broiler farms. For this reason, we investigated the efficiency of competitive exclusion (CE) products to control the excretion and transmission of ESBL-producing E. coli in broiler chickens. Three hundred samples from 100 broiler chickens were screened for the incidence of E. coli by standard microbiological techniques. The overall isolation percentage was 39% and differentiated serologically into ten different serotypes: O158, O128, O125, O124, O91, O78, O55, O44, O2, and O1. The isolates represented absolute resistance to ampicillin, cefotaxime, and cephalexin. The effectiveness of CE (commercial probiotic product; Gro2MAX) on ESBL-producing E. coli (O78) isolate transmission and excretion was studied in vivo. The results showed that the CE product has interesting properties, making it an excellent candidate for targeted drug delivery by inhibiting bacterial growth and downregulating biofilm, adhesins, and toxin-associated genes loci. The histopathological findings demonstrated the capability of CE in repairing internal organ tissues. Our outcomes suggested that the administration of CE (probiotic products) in broiler farms could be a safe and alternative approach to control the transmission of ESBL-producing virulent E. coli in broiler chickens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amera F Ebrahem
- Agricultural Research Center, Reference Laboratory for Veterinary Quality Control On Poultry Production, Animal Health Research Institute, P.O. 12618, Gamasa, Egypt
| | - Azza S El-Demerdash
- Agriculture Research Center (ARC), Animal Health Research Institute (AHRI), P.O. 44516, Zagazig, Egypt.
| | - Rania M Orady
- Agricultural Research Center, Reference Laboratory for Veterinary Quality Control On Poultry Production, Animal Health Research Institute, P.O. 12618, Gamasa, Egypt
| | - Nehal M Nabil
- Agricultural Research Center, Reference Laboratory for Veterinary Quality Control On Poultry Production, Animal Health Research Institute, P.O. 12618, Gamasa, Egypt
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Vougat Ngom R, Jajere SM, Ayissi GJ, Tanyienow A, Moffo F, Watsop HM, Mimboe LM, Mouiche MM, Schüpbach-Regula G, Carmo LP. Unveiling the landscape of resistance against high priority critically important antimicrobials in food-producing animals across Africa: A scoping review. Prev Vet Med 2024; 226:106173. [PMID: 38503073 DOI: 10.1016/j.prevetmed.2024.106173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2023] [Revised: 02/10/2024] [Accepted: 03/06/2024] [Indexed: 03/21/2024]
Abstract
The rapid population growth in Africa is associated with an increasing demand for livestock products which in turn can lead to antimicrobial use. Antimicrobial usage in animals contributes to the emergence and selection of resistant bacteria which constitutes a serious public health threat. This study aims to review and summarize the available information on highest priority critically important antimicrobials (HPCIAs) resistance in livestock production in Africa. This work will help to inform future policies for controlling antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in the food production chain. A scoping review was conducted according to the Cochrane handbook and following PRISMA 2020 guidelines for reporting. Primary research studies published after 1999 and reporting resistance of Escherichia coli, Enterococcus spp, Staphylococcus aureus, Salmonella spp, and Campylobacter spp to HPCIAs in poultry, cattle, pigs, goats, and sheep in Africa were searched in four databases. A total of 312 articles were included in the review. The majority of the studies (40.7) were conducted in North African countries. More than 49.0% of included studies involved poultry and 26.2% cattle. Cephalosporins and quinolones were the most studied antimicrobial classes. Of the bacteria investigated in the current review, E. coli (41.7%) and Salmonella spp (24.9%) represented the most commonly studied. High levels of resistance against erythromycin in E. coli were found in poultry (MR 96.1%, IQR 83.3-100.0%), cattle (MR 85.7%, IQR 69.2-100.0%), and pigs (MR 94.0%, IQR 86.2-94.0%). In sheep, a high level of resistance was observed in E. coli against nalidixic acid (MR 87.5%, IQR 81.3-93.8%). In goats, the low level of sensibility was noted in S. aureus against streptomycin (MR 86.8%, IQR 19.4-99.0%). The study provides valuable information on HPCIAs resistance in livestock production in Africa and highlights the need for further research and policies to address the public health risk of AMR. This will likely require an investment in diagnostic infrastructure across the continent. Awareness on the harmful impact of AMR in African countries is a requirement to produce more effective and sustainable measures to curb AMR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ronald Vougat Ngom
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Sciences, University of Ngaoundéré, Ngaoundéré, Cameroon
| | - Saleh M Jajere
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Maiduguri, Borno State, Nigeria
| | - Gaspard Ja Ayissi
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Sciences, University of Ngaoundéré, Ngaoundéré, Cameroon
| | - Akenghe Tanyienow
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Sciences, University of Ngaoundéré, Ngaoundéré, Cameroon
| | - Frédéric Moffo
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Sciences, University of Ngaoundéré, Ngaoundéré, Cameroon
| | - Hippolyte M Watsop
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Sciences, University of Ngaoundéré, Ngaoundéré, Cameroon
| | - Leina M Mimboe
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Sciences, University of Ngaoundéré, Ngaoundéré, Cameroon
| | - Mohamed Mm Mouiche
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Sciences, University of Ngaoundéré, Ngaoundéré, Cameroon
| | | | - Luís Pedro Carmo
- Veterinary Public Health Institute, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland; Norwegian Veterinary Institute, Elizabeth Stephansens vei 1, Ås 1433, Norway
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Gunjan, Himanshu, Mukherjee R, Vidic J, Manzano M, Leal E, Raj VS, Pandey RP, Chang CM. Comparative meta-analysis of antimicrobial resistance from different food sources along with one health approach in the Egypt and UK. BMC Microbiol 2023; 23:291. [PMID: 37845637 PMCID: PMC10578024 DOI: 10.1186/s12866-023-03030-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2023] [Accepted: 09/24/2023] [Indexed: 10/18/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a critical global issue that poses significant threats to human health, animal welfare, and the environment. With the increasing emergence of resistant microorganisms, the effectiveness of current antimicrobial medicines against common infections is diminishing. This study aims to conduct a competitive meta-analysis of surveillance data on resistant microorganisms and their antimicrobial resistance patterns in two countries, Egypt and the United Kingdom (UK). METHODS Data for this study were obtained from published reports spanning the period from 2013 to 2022. In Egypt and the UK, a total of 9,751 and 10,602 food samples were analyzed, respectively. Among these samples, 3,205 (32.87%) in Egypt and 4,447 (41.94%) in the UK were found to contain AMR bacteria. RESULTS In Egypt, the predominant resistance was observed against β-lactam and aminoglycosides, while in the United Kingdom, most isolates exhibited resistance to tetracycline and β-lactam. The findings from the analysis underscore the increasing prevalence of AMR in certain microorganisms, raising concerns about the development of multidrug resistance. CONCLUSION This meta-analysis sheds light on the escalating AMR problem associated with certain microorganisms that pose a higher risk of multidrug resistance development. The significance of implementing One Health AMR surveillance is emphasized to bridge knowledge gaps and facilitate accurate AMR risk assessments, ensuring consumer safety. Urgent actions are needed on a global scale to combat AMR and preserve the effectiveness of antimicrobial treatments for the well-being of all living beings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gunjan
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Chang Gung University, No. 259, Wenhua 1St Road, Guishan Dist, Taoyuan City, 33302, Taiwan
- Master & Ph.D. Program in Biotechnology Industry, Chang Gung University, No. 259, Wenhua 1St Road, Guishan Dist, Taoyuan City, 33302, Taiwan
| | - Himanshu
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Chang Gung University, No. 259, Wenhua 1St Road, Guishan Dist, Taoyuan City, 33302, Taiwan
- Master & Ph.D. Program in Biotechnology Industry, Chang Gung University, No. 259, Wenhua 1St Road, Guishan Dist, Taoyuan City, 33302, Taiwan
| | - Riya Mukherjee
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Chang Gung University, No. 259, Wenhua 1St Road, Guishan Dist, Taoyuan City, 33302, Taiwan
- Master & Ph.D. Program in Biotechnology Industry, Chang Gung University, No. 259, Wenhua 1St Road, Guishan Dist, Taoyuan City, 33302, Taiwan
| | - Jasmina Vidic
- Université Paris-Saclay, Micalis Institute, INRAE, AgroParisTech, 78350, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Marisa Manzano
- Department of Agriculture Food Environmental and Animal Sciences, University of Udine, 33100, Udine, Italy
| | - Elcio Leal
- Laboratório de Diversidade Viral, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal Do Pará, Belem, Pará, 66075-000, Brazil
| | - V Samuel Raj
- School of Health Sciences and Technology (SoHST), UPES, Bidholi, Dehradun, 248007, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Ramendra Pati Pandey
- School of Health Sciences and Technology (SoHST), UPES, Bidholi, Dehradun, 248007, Uttarakhand, India.
| | - Chung-Ming Chang
- Master & Ph.D. Program in Biotechnology Industry, Chang Gung University, No. 259, Wenhua 1St Road, Guishan Dist, Taoyuan City, 33302, Taiwan.
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Laboratory Science, Chang Gung University, No. 259, Wenhua 1St Road, Guishan Dist, Taoyuan City, 33302, Taiwan.
- Laboratory Animal Center, Chang Gung University, No. 259, Wenhua 1St Road, Guishan Dist, Taoyuan City, 33302, Taiwan.
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Mudenda S, Malama S, Munyeme M, Matafwali SK, Kapila P, Katemangwe P, Mainda G, Mukubesa AN, Hadunka MA, Muma JB. Antimicrobial resistance profiles of Escherichia coli isolated from laying hens in Zambia: implications and significance on one health. JAC Antimicrob Resist 2023; 5:dlad060. [PMID: 37223392 PMCID: PMC10202439 DOI: 10.1093/jacamr/dlad060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2023] [Accepted: 04/27/2023] [Indexed: 05/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) has been deepening in the layer poultry sector in Zambia partly due to the inappropriate use of antimicrobials. Escherichia coli (E. coli), a commensal and zoonotic bacterium, can potentially be a source of AMR. Objectives This study assessed the phenotypic AMR profiles of E. coli isolated from the apparent health-laying hens in Lusaka and Copperbelt provinces of Zambia. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted between September 2020 and April 2021 in which 365 cloacal swabs were collected from 77-layer farms based in Lusaka and Copperbelt provinces of Zambia. E. coli isolation and identification were done using cultural and biochemical properties and confirmed using the 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing (AST) was done using the Kirby-Bauer disc-diffusion method. Data analysis was done using WHONET 2020 and Stata v.16.1. Results Of the 365 samples, E. coli was isolated from 92.9% (n = 339). The AMR was detected in 96.5% (n = 327) of the isolates, of which 64.6% (n = 219) were multidrug-resistant (MDR). E. coli was highly resistant to tetracycline (54.6%) and ampicillin (54%) but showed low resistance to meropenem (0.9%), ceftazidime (6.2%) and chloramphenicol (8.8%). Conclusion This study found a high prevalence of E. coli resistant to some commonly used antibiotics in poultry, which is a public health concern because of the potential contamination of eggs and layers of chicken meat that enter the food chain. Urgent attention is needed, including strengthening antimicrobial stewardship and surveillance programmes in layer poultry production in Zambia.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sydney Malama
- Department of Biological Sciences, School of Natural Sciences, University of Zambia, Lusaka, Zambia
| | - Musso Munyeme
- Department of Disease Control, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Zambia, Lusaka, Zambia
| | - Scott Kaba Matafwali
- Clinical Research Department, Faculty of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Penjaninge Kapila
- Department of Disease Control, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Zambia, Lusaka, Zambia
| | - Patrick Katemangwe
- Department of Disease Control, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Zambia, Lusaka, Zambia
| | - Geoffrey Mainda
- Department of Veterinary Services, Central Veterinary Research Institute, Ministry of Fisheries and Livestock, Lusaka, Zambia
| | | | - Mwendalubi Albert Hadunka
- Department of Animal Health, Centre for Infectious Disease Research in Zambia (CIDRZ), Lusaka, Zambia
| | - John Bwalya Muma
- Department of Disease Control, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Zambia, Lusaka, Zambia
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Yehia N, Salem HM, Mahmmod Y, Said D, Samir M, Mawgod SA, Sorour HK, AbdelRahman MAA, Selim S, Saad AM, El-Saadony MT, El-Meihy RM, Abd El-Hack ME, El-Tarabily KA, Zanaty AM. Common viral and bacterial avian respiratory infections: an updated review. Poult Sci 2023; 102:102553. [PMID: 36965253 PMCID: PMC10064437 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2023.102553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2022] [Revised: 01/24/2023] [Accepted: 01/28/2023] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Many pathogens that cause chronic diseases in birds use the respiratory tract as a primary route of infection, and respiratory disorders are the main leading source of financial losses in the poultry business. Respiratory infections are a serious problem facing the poultry sector, causing severe economic losses. Avian influenza virus, Newcastle disease virus, infectious bronchitis virus, and avian pneumovirus are particularly serious viral respiratory pathogens. Mycoplasma gallisepticum, Staphylococcus, Bordetella avium, Pasteurella multocida, Riemerella anatipestifer, Chlamydophila psittaci, and Escherichia coli have been identified as the most serious bacterial respiratory pathogens in poultry. This review gives an updated summary, incorporating the latest data, about the evidence for the circulation of widespread, economically important poultry respiratory pathogens, with special reference to possible methods for the control and prevention of these pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nahed Yehia
- Reference Laboratory for Veterinary Quality Control on Poultry Production, Animal Health Research Institute, Agriculture Research Center, Giza 12618, Egypt
| | - Heba M Salem
- Department of Poultry Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza 12211, Egypt
| | - Yasser Mahmmod
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, Higher Colleges of Technology, Al Ain 17155, United Arab Emirates
| | - Dalia Said
- Reference Laboratory for Veterinary Quality Control on Poultry Production, Animal Health Research Institute, Agriculture Research Center, Giza 12618, Egypt
| | - Mahmoud Samir
- Reference Laboratory for Veterinary Quality Control on Poultry Production, Animal Health Research Institute, Agriculture Research Center, Giza 12618, Egypt
| | - Sara Abdel Mawgod
- Reference Laboratory for Veterinary Quality Control on Poultry Production, Animal Health Research Institute, Agriculture Research Center, Giza 12618, Egypt
| | - Hend K Sorour
- Reference Laboratory for Veterinary Quality Control on Poultry Production, Animal Health Research Institute, Agriculture Research Center, Giza 12618, Egypt
| | - Mona A A AbdelRahman
- Reference Laboratory for Veterinary Quality Control on Poultry Production, Animal Health Research Institute, Agriculture Research Center, Giza 12618, Egypt
| | - Samy Selim
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Jouf University, Sakaka 72388, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed M Saad
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Agriculture, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44511, Egypt
| | - Mohamed T El-Saadony
- Department of Agricultural Microbiology, Faculty of Agriculture, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44511, Egypt
| | - Rasha M El-Meihy
- Department of Agricultural Microbiology, Faculty of Agriculture, Benha University, Moshtohor, Qaluybia 13736, Egypt
| | - Mohamed E Abd El-Hack
- Poultry Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44511, Egypt
| | - Khaled A El-Tarabily
- Department of Biology, College of Science, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain 15551, United Arab Emirates; Khalifa Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain 15551, United Arab Emirates; Harry Butler Institute, Murdoch University, Murdoch 6150, Western Australia, Australia.
| | - Ali M Zanaty
- Reference Laboratory for Veterinary Quality Control on Poultry Production, Animal Health Research Institute, Agriculture Research Center, Giza 12618, Egypt
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Madni WA, Mohsin M, Nawaz Z, Muzammil S, Zahoor MA, Asif R. Molecular mechanism of antimicrobial co-resistance Colistin (mcr-1) and ESBLs genes among Escherichia coli isolates from commercial chickens in Pakistan. BRAZ J BIOL 2023; 84:e267494. [PMID: 36722678 DOI: 10.1590/1519-6984.267494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2022] [Accepted: 11/30/2022] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Emergence of plasmid mediated colistin and extended spectrum β-lactamases (ESBL) resistant genes has been impacted the efficacy of colistin and β-lactams drugs like 3rd, 4th generation cephalosporin. Current study was aimed to investigate antimicrobial resistance genes (ARGs) among Escherichia coli isolates from meat producing commercial broilers in Pakistan. Two hundred (n=200) fecal samples were collected during January-2018 to August-2019. For isolation of E. coli, pink colonies on MacConkey agar were transferred to EMB agar. Metallic sheen color colonies were tested biochemically using API-20E kit. The molecular identification of E. coli (n=153) was targeted by amplification of uid gene through polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and different ARGs i.e. gentamicin, streptomycin, tetracycline, colistin, β-lactams drugs, quinolone and ampicillin followed by sequence analysis. Genotypically, followed by phenotypically of resistant ARGs of isolated PCR-confirmed E. coli (153) shoed resistant against gentamicin (aac(3)-IV), streptomycin (aadA1), tetracycline (tetA), colistine (mcr-1), ampicillin (bla-TEM) and bla-CTX-M were 86%, 88%, 86%, 88%, 83% & 77% respectively. 33/38 (86%) of the isolate was positive for quinolone resistance. Colistine (mcr-1), ESBLs (bla-TEM) and (bla-CTX-M) resistance genes were 88%, 83% and 77% respectively. About 33 isolated E. coli harbored the both mcr-1 and ESBLs genes. All of E. coli isolates were found sensitive to ceftriaxone (CTX-30) and imipenem (IMP-10). The Isolated E. coli showed single or multi clade decadency. The E. coli and ARGs sequences showed single or multi clade decadency. This is first comprehensive study from Pakistan that described the molecular evidences of ARGs and their co-existence in single isolates originated from commercial poultry. Commercial chicken (Broilers) can act as melting pot of antibiotic resistance genes for human being. It is alarming situation for surveillance of antibiotic resistance program because of more regulated prescription of antimicrobial agents in Pakistan.
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Affiliation(s)
- W A Madni
- Government College University, Department of Microbiology, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - M Mohsin
- University of Agriculture, Institute of Microbiology, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Z Nawaz
- Government College University, Department of Microbiology, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - S Muzammil
- Government College University, Department of Microbiology, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - M A Zahoor
- Government College University, Department of Microbiology, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - R Asif
- Qarshi University Lahore, Department of Eastern Medicine, Lahore, Pakistan
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Abdel-Rahman MAA, Hamed EA, Abdelaty MF, Sorour HK, Badr H, Hassan WM, Shalaby AG, Mohamed AAE, Soliman MA, Roshdy H. Distribution pattern of antibiotic resistance genes in Escherichia coli isolated from colibacillosis cases in broiler farms of Egypt. Vet World 2023; 16:1-11. [PMID: 36855348 PMCID: PMC9967716 DOI: 10.14202/vetworld.2023.1-11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2022] [Accepted: 11/02/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Background and Aim Multidrug resistance (MDR) of Escherichia coli has become an increasing concern in poultry farming worldwide. However, E. coli can accumulate resistance genes through gene transfer. The most problematic resistance mechanism in E. coli is the acquisition of genes encoding broad-spectrum β-lactamases, known as extended-spectrum β-lactamases, that confer resistance to broad-spectrum cephalosporins. Plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance genes (conferring resistance to quinolones) and mcr-1 genes (conferring resistance to colistin) also contribute to antimicrobial resistance. This study aimed to investigate the prevalence of antimicrobial susceptibility and to detect β-lactamase and colistin resistance genes of E. coli isolated from broiler farms in Egypt. Materials and Methods Samples from 938 broiler farms were bacteriologically examined for E. coli isolation. The antimicrobial resistance profile was evaluated using disk diffusion, and several resistance genes were investigated through polymerase chain reaction amplification. Results Escherichia coli was isolated and identified from 675/938 farms (72%) from the pooled internal organs (liver, heart, lung, spleen, and yolk) of broilers. Escherichia coli isolates from the most recent 3 years (2018-2020) were serotyped into 13 serotypes; the most prevalent serotype was O125 (n = 8). The highest phenotypic antibiotic resistance profiles during this period were against ampicillin, penicillin, tetracycline, and nalidixic acid. Escherichia coli was sensitive to clinically relevant antibiotics. Twenty-eight selected isolates from the most recent 3 years (2018-2020) were found to have MDR, where the prevalence of the antibiotic resistance genes ctx, tem, and shv was 46% and that of mcr-1 was 64%. Integrons were found in 93% of the isolates. Conclusion The study showed a high prevalence of E. coli infection in broiler farms associated with MDR, which has a high public health significance because of its zoonotic relevance. These results strengthen the application of continuous surveillance programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mona A. A. Abdel-Rahman
- Reference Laboratory for Veterinary Quality Control on Poultry Production, Animal Health Research Institute, Agricultural Research Center, Nadi El-Seid Street, Dokki P. O. Box 246, Giza 12618, Egypt,Corresponding author: Mona A. A. Abdel-Rahman, e-mail: Co-authors: EAH: , MFA: , HKS: , HB: , WMH: , AGS: , AAM: , MAS: , HR:
| | - Engy A. Hamed
- Reference Laboratory for Veterinary Quality Control on Poultry Production, Animal Health Research Institute, Agricultural Research Center, Nadi El-Seid Street, Dokki P. O. Box 246, Giza 12618, Egypt
| | - May F. Abdelaty
- Reference Laboratory for Veterinary Quality Control on Poultry Production, Animal Health Research Institute, Agricultural Research Center, Nadi El-Seid Street, Dokki P. O. Box 246, Giza 12618, Egypt
| | - Hend K. Sorour
- Reference Laboratory for Veterinary Quality Control on Poultry Production, Animal Health Research Institute, Agricultural Research Center, Nadi El-Seid Street, Dokki P. O. Box 246, Giza 12618, Egypt
| | - Heba Badr
- Reference Laboratory for Veterinary Quality Control on Poultry Production, Animal Health Research Institute, Agricultural Research Center, Nadi El-Seid Street, Dokki P. O. Box 246, Giza 12618, Egypt
| | - Wafaa M. Hassan
- Reference Laboratory for Veterinary Quality Control on Poultry Production, Animal Health Research Institute, Agricultural Research Center, Nadi El-Seid Street, Dokki P. O. Box 246, Giza 12618, Egypt
| | - Azhar G. Shalaby
- Reference Laboratory for Veterinary Quality Control on Poultry Production, Animal Health Research Institute, Agricultural Research Center, Nadi El-Seid Street, Dokki P. O. Box 246, Giza 12618, Egypt
| | - Ahmed Abd-Elhalem Mohamed
- Reference Laboratory for Veterinary Quality Control on Poultry Production, Animal Health Research Institute, Agricultural Research Center, Nadi El-Seid Street, Dokki P. O. Box 246, Giza 12618, Egypt
| | - Mohamed A. Soliman
- Reference Laboratory for Veterinary Quality Control on Poultry Production, Animal Health Research Institute, Agricultural Research Center, Nadi El-Seid Street, Dokki P. O. Box 246, Giza 12618, Egypt
| | - Heba Roshdy
- Reference Laboratory for Veterinary Quality Control on Poultry Production, Animal Health Research Institute, Agricultural Research Center, Nadi El-Seid Street, Dokki P. O. Box 246, Giza 12618, Egypt
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Hasona IF, Helmy SM, El Gamal AM. Prevalence, virulence factors, and antimicrobial resistance profiles of Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli isolated from broiler chickens in Egypt. VETERINARY RESEARCH FORUM : AN INTERNATIONAL QUARTERLY JOURNAL 2023; 14:131-138. [PMID: 37033777 PMCID: PMC10073808 DOI: 10.30466/vrf.2021.539418.3233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2021] [Accepted: 12/20/2021] [Indexed: 04/11/2023]
Abstract
Pathogenic Escherichia coli is one of the world's most important zoonotic foodborne pathogens and poses a serious threat to public health. We examined the prevalence, virulence genes, and antibiotic resistance profile of Shiga toxin (Stx)-producing E. coli (STEC) isolated from broiler chickens in the Kafr El-Sheikh governorate, Egypt. A total of 410 samples (230 cloacal swabs, 180 internal organs) were collected to isolate E. coli. A total of 29 (7.07%) E. coli isolates were recovered and identified, and 18 of them harbored Stx genes (stx). Out of 18 isolates, five (17.24%) carried the stx 1 gene, five (17.24%) carried the stx 2 gene, four (13.79%) carried both stx 1 and stx 2 genes, and four (13.79%) carried stx 1 , stx 2 , and eae A genes. Overall, complete anti-biotic resistance was observed against amoxicillin, ampicillin, cefpodoxime, and cefoperazone; high resistance was observed against ampicillin/sulbactam, nalidixic acid, cefuroxime, aztreonam, ciprofloxacin, ceftriaxone, chloramphenicol, sulfamethoxazole/trimethoprim, and ceftazidime; moderate resistance against gentamicin; low resistance against cefoxitin; lower resistance was detected against norfloxacin, cefotetan, and amikacin; and the lowest resistance against imipenem. All E. coli isolates demonstrated multidrug resistance against at least four antibiotic classes. Out of 29 E. coli isolates, STEC accounted for 18 isolates, of which the O78, O26:H11, O128:H2, O1:H7, O119:H6, and O91:H21 serogroups were predominant. All E. coli isolates were multidrug resistant and therefore pose a potential public health concern as these virulent, resistant strains may spread to humans. Thus, high levels of hygiene and biosecurity are required by chicken handlers to decrease the danger of infection spreading to humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ibtisam Faeq Hasona
- Department of Bacteriology, Mycology, and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafr El-Sheikh, Egypt;
- Correspondence: Ibtisam Faeq Hasona. BSc, MSc, Department of Bacteriology, Mycology, and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafr El-Sheikh, Egypt. E-mail:
| | - Salwa Mahmoud Helmy
- Department of Bacteriology, Mycology, and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafr El-Sheikh, Egypt;
| | - Adel Mohammad El Gamal
- Unit of Bacteriology, Animal Health Research Institute, Kafr El-Sheikh Branch, Agriculture Research Center (ARC), Egypt.
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Khong MJ, Snyder AM, Magnaterra AK, Young MM, Barbieri NL, Weimer SL. Antimicrobial resistance profile of Escherichia coli isolated from poultry litter. Poult Sci 2022; 102:102305. [PMID: 36603238 PMCID: PMC9792562 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2022.102305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2022] [Revised: 09/28/2022] [Accepted: 10/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Antimicrobial resistance is a threat to animal and human health. As a commensal and zoonotic bacterium, Escherichia coli has the potential to be a pathogenic source of antimicrobial resistance. The purpose of this study aimed to investigate the antimicrobial resistance profile of E. coli isolated from litter collected from pens in a broiler chicken experiment. E. coli was isolated from litter samples (n = 68 isolates) of 16 pens housing broilers to d 53 of age. Resistance to 10 antimicrobials was observed by disc diffusion. The presence of 23 antimicrobial and heavy metal resistance genes, O serogroups, and avian pathogenic E. coli (APEC-like) minimal predictor genes were identified through PCR. E. coli isolates presented the greatest resistance to cephalothin (54.4%), tetracycline (27.9%), streptomycin (29.4%), ampicillin (20.6%), colistin (13.2%), sulphonamides (8.8%), and imipenem (1.5%). Multidrug resistance to at least 3 antimicrobials was observed in 22.1% of isolates. The identified O-types of the E. coli isolates were O15, O75, O78, and O91. There was a greater likelihood that the genes groEL, aph(3)IA, silP, sull, aadA, qacEdelta1, iroN, ompTp, and hlyF were present in isolates that exhibited ampicillin resistance (P ≤ 0.05). There was a greater likelihood that the groEL gene was present in isolates resistant to ampicillin, colistin, tetracycline, sulphonamides, or cephalothin (P ≤ 0.05). Further characterizing E. coli antimicrobial resistance is essential and aids in developing effective solutions, thereby furthering the One Health objective.
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Affiliation(s)
- M J Khong
- Department of Animal and Avian Sciences, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, 20742, USA
| | - A M Snyder
- Department of Animal and Avian Sciences, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, 20742, USA
| | - A K Magnaterra
- Department of Animal and Avian Sciences, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, 20742, USA
| | - M M Young
- Department of Population Health, University of Georgia College of Veterinary Medicine, Athens, GA, 30602, USA
| | - N L Barbieri
- Department of Population Health, University of Georgia College of Veterinary Medicine, Athens, GA, 30602, USA
| | - S L Weimer
- Department of Animal and Avian Sciences, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, 20742, USA; Department of Poultry Science, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, 72701, USA.
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Antimicrobial Resistance, Virulence Profiles, and Public Health Significance of Enterococcus faecalis Isolated from Clinical Mastitis of Cattle in Bangladesh. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 2022:8101866. [PMID: 36203487 PMCID: PMC9532099 DOI: 10.1155/2022/8101866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2022] [Revised: 07/05/2022] [Accepted: 08/16/2022] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
This study was designed to identify Enterococcus faecalis from clinical mastitis of cattle and determine their antimicrobial resistance and virulence determinants to evaluate their potential public health significance. A total of 105 composite milk samples (80 from cattle with clinical mastitis and 25 from apparently healthy cattle) were analyzed. E. faecalis were isolated by culturing on enterococcal selective media and identified by PCR and sequencing. Antimicrobial resistance phenotype was elucidated by the disc diffusion method, and MIC was determined by broth microdilution method according to CLSI guidelines. Detection of antimicrobial resistance and virulence genes was done by PCR. E. faecalis were isolated from 11.25% (9/80) of the clinical mastitis and 4% (1/25) of the apparently healthy cattle milk samples. The disc diffusion test revealed 40% isolates as resistant to tetracycline and azithromycin, respectively. Among them, 20% (2/10) of isolates showed resistance to both tetracycline and azithromycin. Tetracycline-resistant isolates showed MIC ranging from ≥64 to >128 μg/ml and carried tetracycline-resistant genes tetK, tetL, and tetM in 25%, 25%, and 50% of the resistant isolates, respectively. On the other hand, all the isolates were sensitive to amoxicillin, ampicillin, bacitracin, chloramphenicol, gentamicin, penicillin, and vancomycin. In addition, the isolates carried at least one of the nine virulence genes screened with pil having the highest frequency, followed by fsrB, fsrC, ace, sprE, gelE, and agg genes. Positive correlations were evident between ace, fsrC, gelE, and sprE genes that are associated with the attachment and biofilm formation in E. faecalis. E. faecalis isolated in this study carried antibiotic resistance and virulence determinants which explain their competence to be potential human pathogens.
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dos Santos RL, Davanzo EFA, Palma JM, Castro VHDL, da Costa HMB, Dallago BSL, Perecmanis S, Santana ÂP. Molecular characterization and biofilm-formation analysis of Listeria monocytogenes, Salmonella spp., and Escherichia coli isolated from Brazilian swine slaughterhouses. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0274636. [PMID: 36126071 PMCID: PMC9488830 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0274636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2022] [Accepted: 08/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to verify the presence of Listeria monocytogenes, Salmonella spp., and Escherichia coli in two Brazilian swine slaughterhouses, as well as to perform antibiograms, detect virulence and antimicrobial resistance genes, and evaluate the in vitro biofilm-forming capability of bacterial isolates from these environments. One Salmonella Typhi isolate and 21 E. coli isolates were detected, while L. monocytogenes was not detected. S. Typhi was isolated from the carcass cooling chamber’s floor, resistant to several antimicrobials, including nalidixic acid, cefazolin, chloramphenicol, doxycycline, streptomycin, gentamicin, tetracycline, and sulfonamide, and contained resistance genes, such as tet(B), tet(C), tet(M), and ampC. It also showed moderate biofilm-forming capacity at 37°C after incubating for 72 h. The prevalence of the 21 E. coli isolates was also the highest on the carcass cooling chamber floor (three of the four samplings [75%]). The E. coli isolates were resistant to 12 of the 13 tested antimicrobials, and none showed sensitivity to chloramphenicol, an antimicrobial prohibited in animal feed since 2003 in Brazil. The resistance genes MCR-1, MCR-3, sul1, ampC, clmA, cat1, tet(A), tet(B), and blaSHV, as well as the virulence genes stx-1, hlyA, eae, tir α, tir β, tir γ, and saa were detected in the E. coli isolates. Moreover, 5 (23.8%) and 15 (71.4%) E. coli isolates presented strong and moderate biofilm-forming capacity, respectively. In general, the biofilm-forming capacity increased after incubating for 72 h at 10°C. The biofilm-forming capacity was the lowest after incubating for 24 h at 37°C. Due to the presence of resistance and virulence genes, multi-antimicrobial resistance, and biofilm-forming capacity, the results of this study suggest a risk to the public health as these pathogens are associated with foodborne diseases, which emphasizes the hazard of resistance gene propagation in the environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca Lavarini dos Santos
- Faculty of Agronomy and Veterinary Medicine, University of Brasília (UnB), Brasília, Federal District, Brazil
- * E-mail:
| | | | - Joana Marchesini Palma
- Faculty of Agronomy and Veterinary Medicine, University of Brasília (UnB), Brasília, Federal District, Brazil
| | | | | | - Bruno Stéfano Lima Dallago
- Faculty of Agronomy and Veterinary Medicine, University of Brasília (UnB), Brasília, Federal District, Brazil
| | - Simone Perecmanis
- Faculty of Agronomy and Veterinary Medicine, University of Brasília (UnB), Brasília, Federal District, Brazil
| | - Ângela Patrícia Santana
- Faculty of Agronomy and Veterinary Medicine, University of Brasília (UnB), Brasília, Federal District, Brazil
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Tawfick MM, Elshamy AA, Mohamed KT, El Menofy NG. Gut Commensal Escherichia coli, a High-Risk Reservoir of Transferable Plasmid-Mediated Antimicrobial Resistance Traits. Infect Drug Resist 2022; 15:1077-1091. [PMID: 35321080 PMCID: PMC8934708 DOI: 10.2147/idr.s354884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2021] [Accepted: 03/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Escherichia coli (E. coli), the main human gut microorganism, is one of the evolved superbugs because of acquiring antimicrobial resistance (AMR) determinants via horizontal gene transfer (HGT). Purpose This study aimed to screen isolates of gut commensal E. coli from healthy adult individuals for antimicrobial susceptibility and plasmid-mediated AMR encoding genes. Methods Gut commensal E. coli bacteria were isolated from fecal samples that were taken from healthy adult individuals and investigated phenotypically for their antimicrobial susceptibility against diverse classes of antimicrobials using the Kirby Bauer disc method. PCR-based molecular assays were carried out to detect diverse plasmid-carried AMR encoding genes and virulence genes of different E. coli pathotypes (eaeA, stx, ipaH, est, elt, aggR and pCVD432). The examined AMR genes were β-lactam resistance encoding genes (blaCTX-M1, blaTEM, blaCMY-2), tetracycline resistance encoding genes (tetA, tetB), sulfonamides resistance encoding genes (sul1, sulII), aminoglycoside resistance encoding genes (aac(3)-II, aac(6′)-Ib-cr) and quinolones resistance encoding genes (qnrA, qnrB, qnrS). Results PCR results revealed the absence of pathotypes genes in 56 isolates that were considered gut commensal isolates. E. coli isolates showed high resistance rates against tested antimicrobial agents belonging to both β-lactams and sulfonamides (42/56, 75%) followed by quinolones (35/56, 62.5%), tetracyclines (31/56, 55.4%), while the lowest resistance rate was to aminoglycosides (24/56, 42.9%). Antimicrobial susceptibility profiles revealed that 64.3% of isolates were multidrug-resistant (MDR). High prevalence frequencies of plasmid-carried AMR genes were detected including blaTEM (64%) sulI (60.7%), qnrA (51.8%), aac(3)-II (37.5%), and tetA (46.4%). All isolates harbored more than one gene with the most frequent genetic profile among isolates was blaTEM-blaCTX-M1-like-qnrA-qnrB-tetA-sulI. Conclusion Results are significant in the evaluation of plasmid-carried AMR genes in the human gut commensal E. coli, suggesting a potential human health risk and the necessity of strict regulation of the use of antibiotics in Egypt. Commensal E. coli bacteria may constitute a potential reservoir of AMR genes that can be transferred to other bacterial species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahmoud Mohamed Tawfick
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy (For Boys), Al-Azhar University, Cairo, 11751, Egypt
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Heliopolis University, Cairo, 11785, Egypt
- Correspondence: Mahmoud Mohamed Tawfick, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy (For Boys), Al-Azhar University, 1 El-Mokhayam El-Daem Street, Nasr City, Cairo, 11751, Egypt, Tel +20 1157336676, Fax +20 238371543, Email
| | - Aliaa Ali Elshamy
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Heliopolis University, Cairo, 11785, Egypt
| | - Kareem Talaat Mohamed
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, October University for Modern Sciences and Arts (MSA), 6th October City, Giza, 11787, Egypt
| | - Nagwan Galal El Menofy
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy (For Girls), Al-Azhar University, Cairo, 11751, Egypt
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Avian Pathogenic Escherichia coli (APEC): An Overview of Virulence and Pathogenesis Factors, Zoonotic Potential, and Control Strategies. Pathogens 2021; 10:pathogens10040467. [PMID: 33921518 PMCID: PMC8069529 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens10040467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 122] [Impact Index Per Article: 40.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2021] [Revised: 04/05/2021] [Accepted: 04/09/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Avian pathogenic Escherichia coli (APEC) causes colibacillosis in avian species, and recent reports have suggested APEC as a potential foodborne zoonotic pathogen. Herein, we discuss the virulence and pathogenesis factors of APEC, review the zoonotic potential, provide the current status of antibiotic resistance and progress in vaccine development, and summarize the alternative control measures being investigated. In addition to the known virulence factors, several other factors including quorum sensing system, secretion systems, two-component systems, transcriptional regulators, and genes associated with metabolism also contribute to APEC pathogenesis. The clear understanding of these factors will help in developing new effective treatments. The APEC isolates (particularly belonging to ST95 and ST131 or O1, O2, and O18) have genetic similarities and commonalities in virulence genes with human uropathogenic E. coli (UPEC) and neonatal meningitis E. coli (NMEC) and abilities to cause urinary tract infections and meningitis in humans. Therefore, the zoonotic potential of APEC cannot be undervalued. APEC resistance to almost all classes of antibiotics, including carbapenems, has been already reported. There is a need for an effective APEC vaccine that can provide protection against diverse APEC serotypes. Alternative therapies, especially the virulence inhibitors, can provide a novel solution with less likelihood of developing resistance.
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Azab KSM, Abdel-Rahman MA, El-Sheikh HH, Azab E, Gobouri AA, Farag MMS. Distribution of Extended-Spectrum β-Lactamase (ESBL)-Encoding Genes among Multidrug-Resistant Gram-Negative Pathogens Collected from Three Different Countries. Antibiotics (Basel) 2021; 10:247. [PMID: 33801418 PMCID: PMC7998439 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics10030247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2021] [Revised: 02/22/2021] [Accepted: 02/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The incidence of Extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL)-encoding genes (blaCTX-M and blaTEM) among Gram-negative multidrug-resistant pathogens collected from three different countries was investigated. Two hundred and ninety-two clinical isolates were collected from Egypt (n = 90), Saudi Arabia (n = 162), and Sudan (n = 40). Based on the antimicrobial sensitivity against 20 antimicrobial agents from 11 antibiotic classes, the most resistant strains were selected and identified using the Vitek2 system and 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis. A total of 85.6% of the isolates were found to be resistant to more than three antibiotic classes. The ratios of the multidrug-resistant strains for Egypt, Saudi Arabia, and Sudan were 74.4%, 90.1%, and 97.5%, respectively. Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa showed inconstant resistance levels to the different classes of antibiotics. Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae had the highest levels of resistance against macrolides followed by penicillins and cephalosporin, while Pseudomonas aeruginosa was most resistant to penicillins followed by classes that varied among different countries. The isolates were positive for the presence of the blaCTX-M and blaTEM genes. The blaCTX-M gene was the predominant gene in all isolates (100%), while blaTEM was detected in 66.7% of the selected isolates. This work highlights the detection of multidrug-resistant bacteria and resistant genes among different countries. We suggest that the medical authorities urgently implement antimicrobial surveillance plans and infection control policies for early detection and effective prevention of the rapid spread of these pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khaled S. M. Azab
- Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University, Nasr City, Cairo 11884, Egypt; (K.S.M.A.); (H.H.E.-S.)
| | - Mohamed Ali Abdel-Rahman
- Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University, Nasr City, Cairo 11884, Egypt; (K.S.M.A.); (H.H.E.-S.)
- Al-Azhar Center of Fermentation Biotechnology and Applied Microbiology, Al-Azhar University, Nasr City, Cairo 11884, Egypt
| | - Hussien H. El-Sheikh
- Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University, Nasr City, Cairo 11884, Egypt; (K.S.M.A.); (H.H.E.-S.)
| | - Ehab Azab
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Science, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Adil A. Gobouri
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Mohamed M. S. Farag
- Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University, Nasr City, Cairo 11884, Egypt; (K.S.M.A.); (H.H.E.-S.)
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Hardiati A, Safika S, Wibawan IWT, Indrawati A, Pasaribu FH. Isolation and detection of antibiotics resistance genes of Escherichia coli from broiler farms in Sukabumi, Indonesia. J Adv Vet Anim Res 2021; 8:84-90. [PMID: 33860017 PMCID: PMC8043354 DOI: 10.5455/javar.2021.h489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2020] [Revised: 12/06/2020] [Accepted: 12/18/2020] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aimed to isolate and identify Escherichia coli from broiler samples from Sukabumi, Indonesia. Also, antibiogram studies of the isolated bacteria were carried out considering the detection of the antibiotic resistance genes. MATERIALS AND METHODS Cloaca swabs (n = 45) were collected from broilers in Sukabumi, Indonesia. Isolation and identification of E. coli were carried out according to standard bacteriological techniques and biochemical tests, followed by confirmation of the polymerase chain reaction targeting the uspA gene. Antibiotic sensitivity test, using several antibiotics [tetracycline (TE), oxytetracycline (OT), ampicillin (AMP), gentamicin (CN), nalidixic acid (NA), ciprofloxacin (CIP), enrofloxacin (ENR), chloramphenicol, and erythromycin] was carried out following the Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion method. Detection of antibiotic resistance coding genes was carried out by PCR using specific oligonucleotide primers. Statistical analysis was carried out with one-way analysis of variance. RESULTS The results showed that 55.6% (25/45) of the samples were associated with the presence of E. coli. Antibiotic sensitivity test showed that the E. coli isolates were resistant to TE (88%; 22/25), OT (88%; 22/25), AMP (100%; 25/25), CN (64%; 16/25), NA (100%; 22/25), CIP (88%; 22/25), ENR (72%; 18/25), chloramphenicol (0%; 0/25), and erythromycin (92%; 23/25). On the other hand, the antibiotic resistance coding genes were tetA (86.4%; 19/22), blaTEM (100%; 25/25), aac(3)-IV (0%; 0/16), gyrA (100%; 25/25), and ermB (13%; 3/23). It was found that chloramphenicol is markedly different from other antibiotic treatment groups. CONCLUSION Escherichia coli was successfully isolated from cloacal swabs of broiler in Sukabumi, Indonesia. The bacteria were resistant to TE, OT, AMP, CN, NA, CIP, ENR, and erythromycin. Chloramphenicol was more sensitive and effective than other antibiotics in inhibiting the growth of E. coli. The antibiotic resistance genes detected were tetA, blaTEM, gyrA, and ermB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aprilia Hardiati
- Department of Animal Infectious Diseases and Veterinary Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, IPB University, Bogor, Indonesia
| | - Safika Safika
- Department of Animal Infectious Diseases and Veterinary Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, IPB University, Bogor, Indonesia
| | - I Wayan Teguh Wibawan
- Department of Animal Infectious Diseases and Veterinary Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, IPB University, Bogor, Indonesia
| | - Agustin Indrawati
- Department of Animal Infectious Diseases and Veterinary Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, IPB University, Bogor, Indonesia
| | - Fachriyan Hasmi Pasaribu
- Department of Animal Infectious Diseases and Veterinary Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, IPB University, Bogor, Indonesia
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Mesa-Varona O, Kaspar H, Grobbel M, Tenhagen BA. Phenotypical antimicrobial resistance data of clinical and non-clinical Escherichia coli from poultry in Germany between 2014 and 2017. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0243772. [PMID: 33306730 PMCID: PMC7732064 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0243772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2020] [Accepted: 11/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a global threat in humans and animals, and antimicrobial usage (AMU) has been identified as a main trigger of AMR. The purpose of this work was to compare data on AMR in clinical and non-clinical isolates of Escherichia coli in German broilers and turkeys between 2014 and 2017. Furthermore, we investigated AMR changes over time and the association of changes in AMU with changes in AMR. Data on clinical and non-clinical isolates together with data on therapy frequency of broilers and turkeys were collected from German monitoring systems. Logistic regression analyses were performed to assess the association between the explanatory factors (AMU, year and isolate type) and the dependent variable (AMR). In broilers, the analysis showed lower resistance proportions of clinical isolates of E. coli to ampicillin and colistin (ampicillin: Odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.44 (0.3-0.64), p<0.001; colistin: OR and 95% CI = 0.75 (0.73-0.76), p<0.001) but higher proportions for cefotaxime (OR and 95% CI = 4.58 (1.56-15.1), p = 0.007). Resistance to ampicillin, gentamicin and tetracycline was less frequent in clinical isolates in turkeys (ampicillin: OR and 95% CI = 0.4 (0.29-0.53), p<0.001; gentamicin: OR and 95% CI = 0.5 (0.26-0.94), p = 0.035; tetracycline: OR and 95% CI = 0.4 (0.29-0.55), p<0.001). The analysis found decreasing associations of AMU with resistance to tetracycline in turkeys and to colistin in broilers. Year was associated with a decrease in resistance to colistin in broilers and to tetracycline in turkeys. Differences in resistance found in this study between clinical and non-clinical isolates might play an important role in resistance prevalence. This study indicated that further data analyses over longer time intervals are required to clarify the differences found between clinical and non-clinical isolates and to assess the long-term effects of changes in AMU on the prevalence of AMR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Octavio Mesa-Varona
- Department Biological Safety, German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment, Berlin, Germany
| | - Heike Kaspar
- Department Method Standardisation, Reference Laboratories, Resistance to Antibiotics, Berlin, Germany
- Unit Monitoring of Resistance to Antibiotics, Federal Office of Consumer Protection and Food Safety, Berlin, Germany
| | - Mirjam Grobbel
- Department Biological Safety, German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment, Berlin, Germany
| | - Bernd-Alois Tenhagen
- Department Biological Safety, German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment, Berlin, Germany
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Singh AK, Das S, Kumar S, Gajamer VR, Najar IN, Lepcha YD, Tiwari HK, Singh S. Distribution of Antibiotic-Resistant Enterobacteriaceae Pathogens in Potable Spring Water of Eastern Indian Himalayas: Emphasis on Virulence Gene and Antibiotic Resistance Genes in Escherichia coli. Front Microbiol 2020; 11:581072. [PMID: 33224119 PMCID: PMC7674312 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.581072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2020] [Accepted: 09/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Every year millions of people die due to fatal waterborne diseases around the world especially in developing countries like India. Sikkim, a northeastern state of India, greatly depends on natural water sources. About 80% of the population of Sikkim depends on natural spring water for domestic as well as agricultural use. Recent waterborne disease outbreaks in the state raises a concerning question on water quality. In this study, we analyzed water quality especially for the detection of Enterobacteriaceae members from four districts of the state. Isolation with selective culture media techniques and taxonomic characterization of Enterobacteriaceae bacteria with 16S rRNA gene showed the prevalence of Escherichia coli (37.50%), Escherichia fergusonii (29.41%), Klebsiella oxytoca (36.93%), Citrobacter freundii (37.92%), Citrobacter amalonaticus (43.82%), Enterobacter sp. (43.82%), Morganella morganii (43.82%), Hafnia alvei (32.42%), Hafnia paralvei (38.74%), and Shigella flexneri (30.47%) in the spring water of Sikkim. Antibiotic susceptibility test (AST) showed resistance of the isolates to common antibiotics like ampicillin, amoxicillin as well as to third generation antibiotics like ceftazidime and carbapenem. None of the isolates showed resistance to chloramphenicol. E. coli isolated from spring water of Sikkim showed presence of different virulence genes such as stx1 (81.81%), elt (86.66%), and eae (66.66%) along with resistance gene for ampicillin (CITM) (80%), quinolones (qnrB) (44.44%), tetracycline (tetO) (66.66%), and streptomycin (aadA1) (66.66%). The data indicates a high incidence rate of multiple antibiotic resistant enteric bacteria in the spring water of Sikkim. Additionally, the presence of enteric bacteria in the water samples indicates widespread fecal contamination of the spring water.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashish Kumar Singh
- Department of Microbiology, School of Life Sciences, Sikkim University, Gangtok, India
| | - Saurav Das
- Department of Agronomy and Horticulture, University of Nebraska–Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, United States
| | - Santosh Kumar
- Department of Microbiology, School of Life Sciences, Sikkim University, Gangtok, India
| | - Varsha Rani Gajamer
- Department of Microbiology, School of Life Sciences, Sikkim University, Gangtok, India
| | - Ishfaq Nabi Najar
- Department of Microbiology, School of Life Sciences, Sikkim University, Gangtok, India
| | - Yangchen D. Lepcha
- State Institute of Rural Development (SIRD), Government of Sikkim, Gangtok, India
| | - Hare Krishna Tiwari
- Department of Microbiology, School of Life Sciences, Sikkim University, Gangtok, India
| | - Samer Singh
- Centre of Experimental Medicine and Surgery (CEMS), Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India
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Saha O, Hoque MN, Islam OK, Rahaman MM, Sultana M, Hossain MA. Multidrug-Resistant Avian Pathogenic Escherichia coli Strains and Association of Their Virulence Genes in Bangladesh. Microorganisms 2020; 8:E1135. [PMID: 32727140 PMCID: PMC7465658 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms8081135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2020] [Revised: 07/19/2020] [Accepted: 07/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The avian pathogenic Escherichia coli (APEC) strains are the chief etiology of colibacillosis worldwide. The present study investigated the circulating phylotypes, existence of virulence genes (VGs), and antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in 392 APEC isolates, obtained from 130 samples belonged to six farms using both phenotypic and PCR-based molecular approaches. Congo red binding (CRB) assay confirmed 174 APEC isolates which were segregated into ten, nine, and eight distinct genotypes by RAPD assay (discriminatory index, DI = 0.8707), BOX-PCR (DI = 0.8591) and ERIC-PCR (DI = 0.8371), respectively. The combination of three phylogenetic markers (chuA, yjaA and DNA fragment TspE4.C2) classified APEC isolates into B23 (37.36%), A1 (33.91%), D2 (11.49%), B22 (9.20%), and B1 (8.05%) phylotypes. Majority of the APEC isolates (75-100%) harbored VGs (ial, fimH, crl, papC, and cjrC). These VGs (papC and cjrC) and phylotypes (D2 and B2) of APEC had significant (p = 0.004) association with colibacillosis. Phylogenetic analysis showed two distinct clades (clade A and clade B) of APEC, where clade A had 98-100% similarity with E. coli APEC O78 and E. coli EHEC strains, and clade B had closest relationship with E. coli O169:H41 strain. Interestingly, phylogroups B2 and D2 were found in the APEC strains of both clades, while the strains from phylogroups A1 and B1 were found in clade A only. In this study, 81.71% of the isolates were biofilm formers, and possessed plasmids of varying ranges (1.0 to 54 kb). In vitro antibiogram profiling revealed that 100% isolates were resistant to ≥3 antibiotics, of which 61.96%, 55.24%, 53.85%, 51.16% and 45.58% isolates in phylotypes B1, D2, B22, B23, and A1, respectively, were resistant to these antimicrobials. The resistance patterns varied among different phylotypes, notably in phylotype B22, showing the highest resistance to ampicillin (90.91%), nalidixic acid (90.11%), tetracycline (83.72%), and nitrofurantoin (65.12%). Correspondence analysis also showed significant correlation among phylotypes with CRB (p = 0.008), biofilm formation (p = 0.02), drug resistance (p = 0.03), and VGs (p = 0.06). This report demonstrated that B2 and A1 phylotypes are dominantly circulating APEC phylotypes in Bangladesh; however, B2 and D2 are strongly associated with the pathogenicity. A high prevalence of antibiotic-resistant APEC strains from different phylotypes suggest the use of organic antimicrobial compounds, and/or metals, and the rotational use of antibiotics in poultry farms in Bangladesh.
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Affiliation(s)
- Otun Saha
- Department of Microbiology, University of Dhaka, Dhaka-1000, Bangladesh; (O.S.); (M.N.H.); (O.K.I.); (M.M.R.)
| | - M. Nazmul Hoque
- Department of Microbiology, University of Dhaka, Dhaka-1000, Bangladesh; (O.S.); (M.N.H.); (O.K.I.); (M.M.R.)
- Department of Gynecology, Obstetrics and Reproductive Health, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Agricultural University, Gazipur-1706, Bangladesh
| | - Ovinu Kibria Islam
- Department of Microbiology, University of Dhaka, Dhaka-1000, Bangladesh; (O.S.); (M.N.H.); (O.K.I.); (M.M.R.)
- Department of Microbiology, Jashore University of Science and Technology, Jashore-7408, Bangladesh
| | - Md. Mizanur Rahaman
- Department of Microbiology, University of Dhaka, Dhaka-1000, Bangladesh; (O.S.); (M.N.H.); (O.K.I.); (M.M.R.)
| | - Munawar Sultana
- Department of Microbiology, University of Dhaka, Dhaka-1000, Bangladesh; (O.S.); (M.N.H.); (O.K.I.); (M.M.R.)
| | - M. Anwar Hossain
- Department of Microbiology, University of Dhaka, Dhaka-1000, Bangladesh; (O.S.); (M.N.H.); (O.K.I.); (M.M.R.)
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Benklaouz MB, Aggad H, Benameur Q. Resistance to multiple first-line antibiotics among Escherichia coli from poultry in Western Algeria. Vet World 2020; 13:290-295. [PMID: 32255971 PMCID: PMC7096288 DOI: 10.14202/vetworld.2020.290-295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2019] [Accepted: 01/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIM Escherichia coli can cause a number of serious infections both in human and veterinary medicine. Their management is increasingly complicated by the emergence and dissemination of multiresistance to various first-line antimicrobial agents. This study aimed to evaluate the resistance level to the commonly used antibiotics, with a focus on the first-line antimicrobial agents, in E. coli strains isolated from poultry in Western Algeria. MATERIALS AND METHODS E. coli culture was done on MacConkey agar and their identification was determined by AP20E system. For susceptibility testing, disk diffusion method to 14 antimicrobials, including first-line antibiotics, was used according to Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion method in Mueller-Hinton agar and the results were interpreted according to the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute guidelines. E. coli isolates were considered as multidrug resistance (MDR) when found resistant to at least one antimicrobial agent of three different families of antibiotics. Double-disk synergy and combination disk tests were used for initial screening and confirmation for extended-spectrum β-lactamases (ESBLs) production, respectively. RESULTS A total of 145 E. coli strains were isolated in this study. High resistance levels to various antibiotics, including commonly used first-line antimicrobial agents, were recorded in this study. The highest resistance level was observed against nalidixic acid (90.34%, n=131), followed by tetracycline (86.89%, n=126), ampicillin (82.75%, n=120), enrofloxacin (80.68%, n=117) and neomycin (80.68%, n=117), trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole (73.79%, n=107), norfloxacin (72.41%, n=105) and cephalothin (72.41%, n=105), amoxicillin/clavulanic acid (51.72%, n=75), chloramphenicol (22.75%, n=33), nitrofurantoin (17.24%, n=25), gentamicin (13.10%, n=19), and ceftiofur (3.44%, n=5). Moreover, resistance to multiple first-line antibiotics was also demonstrated in the present study. Overall, 139 out of 145 isolates (95.86%) demonstrated MDR (resistant to at least three antibiotics). In addition, five E. coli isolates (3.44%) were confirmed to be ESBL producers. CONCLUSION The alarming rate of E. coli resistant to multiple first-line antibiotics in poultry demands intensified surveillance. These results call for taking drastic measures to preserve antibiotic effectiveness and reduce the emergence risks of extensively drug-resistant and pandrug-resistant E. coli isolates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meki Boutaiba Benklaouz
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, Veterinary Sciences Institute, Ibn Khaldoun University, Tiaret, Algeria
- Laboratory of Hygiene and Animal Pathology, Veterinary Sciences Institute, Ibn Khaldoun University, Tiaret, Algeria
| | - Hebib Aggad
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, Veterinary Sciences Institute, Ibn Khaldoun University, Tiaret, Algeria
- Laboratory of Hygiene and Animal Pathology, Veterinary Sciences Institute, Ibn Khaldoun University, Tiaret, Algeria
| | - Qada Benameur
- Nursing Department, Faculty of Natural Sciences and Life, Abdelhamid Ibn Badis University, Mostaganem, Algeria
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