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Jimale YA, Jesse FFA, Paul BT, Chung ELT, Zakaria A, Azhar NA, Mohd Lila MA. Seroprevalence and contributing factors of transboundary animal diseases in sheep and goats: a study in Peninsular Malaysia. Trop Anim Health Prod 2024; 56:212. [PMID: 39002035 DOI: 10.1007/s11250-024-04061-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2023] [Accepted: 06/20/2024] [Indexed: 07/15/2024]
Abstract
Diseases caused by small ruminant lentiviruses, Mycobacterium avium ssp. paratuberculosis (MAP), Schmallenberg virus, and peste des petits ruminants virus (PPR) is globally recognised as serious threats to the ruminant industry due to their potential to spread rapidly across boundaries. Despite their global distribution and negative impacts on ruminant production, there is a gap in knowledge of the current trends in their epidemiology among sheep and goat populations in Peninsular Malaysia. This study was therefore designed to fill the gap of knowledge concerning the seroprevalence and contributing factors of CAEV, paratuberculosis, SBV, and PPRV among small ruminants from selected flocks in Selangor, Negeri Sembilan, and Pahang states in Peninsular Malaysia. A cross-sectional study design was used to collect animal data and blood samples for serological assays simultaneously. The ID Screen (ID.VET, France) indirect ELISA screening tests were used to detect serum antibodies directed against CAEV/MVV (VISNAS Ver 0922), paratuberculosis (PARAS Ver 0516), SBV (SBVC Ver 1114) and PPRV (PPRC Ver 0821). There was 45.4% (95% CI = 40.74-50.74), 6.8% (95% CI = 4.66-9.69), 27.8% (95% CI = 23.35-32.77), and 2.6% (95% CI = 1.11-0.51) true seroprevalence for CAEV, paratuberculosis, SBV, and PPR, respectively. Geographical location and species were the risk factors for CAEV and paratuberculosis, while the management system and age of small ruminants were the risk factors for SBV. The present study is the first to document a large-scale seroprevalence of MAP and PPR infection among sheep and goat flocks in Peninsular Malaysia. The presence of PPRV and MAP antibodies among small ruminant flocks is signalling current or previous exposure to the pathogens or cross reactions with similar antigens. This finding further suggests the potential for future outbreaks of these devastating diseases among sheep and goats in Malaysia. The high seroprevalence of CAEV and SBV among small ruminants indicates high levels of exposure to the viruses in the environment, which is a potential threat to production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yonis Ahmed Jimale
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Studies, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, 43400, Malaysia
| | - Faez Firdaus Abdullah Jesse
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Studies, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, 43400, Malaysia.
| | - Bura Thlama Paul
- Department of Animal Science and Fisheries, Faculty of Agriculture and Forestry Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia Campus Bintulu Sarawak, Sarawak, Malaysia
- Veterinary Teaching Hospital, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Maiduguri 600230, Borno State, Nigeria
| | - Eric Lim Teik Chung
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, 43400, Malaysia
| | - Aida Zakaria
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Studies, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, 43400, Malaysia
| | - Nur Amira Azhar
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Studies, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, 43400, Malaysia
| | - Mohd Azmi Mohd Lila
- Department of Veterinary Pathology and Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, 43400, Malaysia
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Rahman MH, Akther S, Alam MS, Ali MZ, Ahmed S. Caprine arthritis and encephalitis virus infection in goats of Bangladesh: Serological detection and its associated risk factors. Vet World 2023; 16:2256-2262. [PMID: 38152273 PMCID: PMC10750757 DOI: 10.14202/vetworld.2023.2256-2262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2023] [Accepted: 10/15/2023] [Indexed: 12/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Background and Aim Caprine arthritis and encephalitis (CAE) is a multisystemic persistent viral disease of goat that causes significant economic losses to the farmers and livestock sector. However, no information in this country is available regarding CAE virus (CAEV) infection. Therefore, this study aimed to estimate the seroprevalence of CAEV infection among the goat population in the selected goat-prone districts in Bangladesh and to identify the associated risk factors of the disease. Materials and Methods From July 2021 to June 2022, 446 goat serum samples were randomly collected from the study area. Goat owners were interviewed using a pretested questionnaire to determine the risk factors. A commercial indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kit was used to screen blood serum for CAEV antibodies. Logistic regression models were used to analyze risk factors and serological data to identify the potential risk factors. Results Out of 446 serum samples, 19 samples were seropositive against CAEV. The overall seroprevalence was 4.26% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 2.58-6.57). The multivariable logistic regression model identified sex (Female; odds ratio [OR]: 3.98; 95% CI: 1.13-13.95), animal age (12-48 months; OR: 4.93, 95% CI: 0.63-38.13), and biosecurity status (Poor biosecurity; OR: 1.66, 95% CI: 0.46-5.92) as potential risk factors for CAEV seropositivity. Conclusion This study revealed the serological detection of CAEV in Bangladeshi goats where seroprevalence is found to be relatively low. To eradicate the disease, screening and culling of infected goats from the herd might be implemented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md. Habibur Rahman
- Goat Production Research Division, Bangladesh Livestock Research Institute, Savar, Dhaka 1341, Bangladesh
- Faridpur Regional Station, Bangladesh Livestock Research Institute, Faridpur, Bangladesh
| | - Sonia Akther
- Sheep Production Research Division, Bangladesh Livestock Research Institute, Savar, Dhaka 1341, Bangladesh
| | - Md. Shahin Alam
- Animal Health Research Division, Bangladesh Livestock Research Institute, Savar, Dhaka 1341, Bangladesh
| | - Md. Zulfekar Ali
- Animal Health Research Division, Bangladesh Livestock Research Institute, Savar, Dhaka 1341, Bangladesh
| | - Sadek Ahmed
- Goat Production Research Division, Bangladesh Livestock Research Institute, Savar, Dhaka 1341, Bangladesh
- Black Bengal Goat Conservation and Development Research Project, Bangladesh Livestock Research Institute, Savar, Dhaka 1341, Bangladesh
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Factors associated with small ruminant lentivirus infection in goat herds from Pernambuco state, Northeast region of Brazil. Prev Vet Med 2023; 211:105814. [PMID: 36525897 DOI: 10.1016/j.prevetmed.2022.105814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2022] [Revised: 11/15/2022] [Accepted: 11/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
Serum samples (n = 1532) were collected between May 2011 to April 2012 from goats from 76 herds (49 from dairy farms and 27 herds for genetic improvement) from three geographical regions from the state of Pernambuco, Brazil: Zona da Mata, Agreste, and Sertão. Samples were processed using agar gel immunodiffusion test, with p28 CAEV antigen. The objective was to determine the risk factors for small ruminant lentivirus (SRLV) in dairy goats and goats with high genetic value. Overall, seroprevalence was 13.7% (210/1532) [95% CI: 12-15.4%] in animals and 67.1% (51/76) [95% CI: 56.5%- 77.7%] in herds. In dairy farms the seroprevalence was 73.5% (36/49) [95% CI: 61.1%- 85.8%], and in properties with animals of high genetic value it was 55.6% (15/27) [95% CI: 36.8%- 74.3%]. Robust Poisson regression analysis adjusted by the random effect of the herd showed that risk factors were: importing bucks from another Brazilian state (prevalence ratio [PR] = 4.73 [95% CI: 2.05; 10.88]), not isolating sick animals (PR = 3.27 [95% CI: 2.24; 4.76]), and participating in fairs/animal crowding (PR = 1.52 [95% CI: 1.09; 2.11]). Prevalence results show that SRLV is present in caprine herds in the state of Pernambuco and identified risk factors are strongly related to animal transit. Considering the epidemiological situation, the first step for mitigating the consequences of this disease would be controlling animal transit.
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Alamerew EA, Demis C, Asfaw T, Gemeda BA, Asres FA, Yitagesu E, Wondifra Y, Areaya A. Serological Evidence of Caprine Arthritis Encephalitis in North Shewa Zone, Ethiopia: Clinical Case Analysis. VETERINARY MEDICINE (AUCKLAND, N.Z.) 2022; 13:287-297. [PMID: 36281457 PMCID: PMC9587498 DOI: 10.2147/vmrr.s378605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2022] [Accepted: 09/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Introduction Caprine arthritis encephalitis (CAE) is a chronic debilitating and economically important viral disease of goats. It is mainly manifested as encephalitis in kids and polyarthritis in adult goats. The present study was conducted to determine the rate of morbidity and mortality due to clinical diseases attributed to infection by Caprine arthritis encephalitis virus (CAEV) and to determine the serological status of CAEV in goat in North Shewa, Ethiopia. Methods A cross-sectional serological study and a longitudinal clinical case study were conducted. A total of 257 serum samples have been collected from apparently health and clinical cases attributed to CAE infection and tested with the usage of indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays to screen antibodies against CAE. Records have been statistically analyzed by using the chi-square test. Results During five consecutive years of longitudinal clinical study, a total of 195 clinical diseases of chronic pneumonia, nerve problems, clinical mastitis, and arthritis occurred with prevalence of 99 (50.8%), 57 (29.2%), 27 (13.9%), and 12 (6.2%), respectively. Chronic pneumonia was the highest cause of goat morbidity (50.8%) and mortality (100.0%). Of the total samples tested from clinical cases, 7 (58.3%) were sero-positive for the presence of antibodies against CAEV. The overall seroprevalence of CAE was 4.7%. There has been a significant difference (p < 0.05) in sero-positivity among management system, breeds, and age groups of goats. However, there was no significant variation in sero-positivity between the sexes (p > 0.05) of goats. Conclusion This finding indicates that CAEV infection exists in the goat flocks in examined localities in Ethiopia. This disease poses serious animal health problems that constrain production with the presence of apparent clinical signs. Further investigations need to be done to explore the seroconversion of CAEV in small ruminants and the associated factors to plan an appropriate eradication program and prevent transmission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enyiew Alemnew Alamerew
- Livestock Research Department, Debre Birhan Agricultural Research Centre, Debre Birhan, Amhara Region, Ethiopia,Correspondence: Enyiew Alemnew Alamerew, Email
| | - Chekol Demis
- Livestock Research Department, Debre Birhan Agricultural Research Centre, Debre Birhan, Amhara Region, Ethiopia
| | - Tadiwos Asfaw
- Livestock Research Department, Debre Birhan Agricultural Research Centre, Debre Birhan, Amhara Region, Ethiopia
| | - Biruk Alemu Gemeda
- Livestock Research Department, ILRI (International Livestock Research Institute) Bole Sub City, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Fasil Aklilu Asres
- Serology Department, NAHDIC (National Animal Health Diagnostic and Investigation Centre), Sebeta, Oromia Region, Ethiopia
| | - Erdachew Yitagesu
- Livestock Research Department, Debre Birhan Agricultural Research Centre, Debre Birhan, Amhara Region, Ethiopia
| | - Yeshitla Wondifra
- Livestock Research Department, Debre Birhan Agricultural Research Centre, Debre Birhan, Amhara Region, Ethiopia
| | - Alemnew Areaya
- Livestock Research Department, Debre Birhan Agricultural Research Centre, Debre Birhan, Amhara Region, Ethiopia
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Mosa AH, Hamzah KJ, Aljabory HAH. First study on the molecular prevalence of caprine arthritis encephalitis virus in goats in Babylon, Iraq. Vet World 2022; 15:1129-1133. [PMID: 35698519 PMCID: PMC9178586 DOI: 10.14202/vetworld.2022.1129-1133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2021] [Accepted: 12/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Aim: Caprine arthritis encephalitis virus (CAEV) is a virus that affects goats all over the world and causes enormous economic losses; as a result, screening for the disease is a priority, especially in Iraq. The present study aimed to estimate the prevalence of CAEV in infected goats using the précised PCR method in Babylon, Iraq. Materials and Methods: A total of 85 blood samples from goats aged 1 month to ≥6 years were analyzed for CAEV infections using molecular methods. The polymerase chain reaction primer was designed to amplify a 573 bp region of the proviral pol gene. Results: The CAEV tests revealed that five out of 85 goats were positive for CAEV. There were no significant differences in CAEV infection according to goat sex and significant differences according to age. Conclusion: Based on these results, the present study is the first molecular survey to confirm the current CAEV genome in an Iraqi goat flock.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Hamzah Mosa
- Department of Internal and Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, AL-Qasim Green University, Babylon, Iraq
| | - Karrar Jasim Hamzah
- Department of Internal and Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, AL-Qasim Green University, Babylon, Iraq
| | - Hamed A. H. Aljabory
- Department of Internal and Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, AL-Qasim Green University, Babylon, Iraq
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Shuralev EA, Khammadov NI, Osyanin KA, Elizarova IA, Salmanova GR, Shamaev ND, Petrov SV, Whelan C, Saushkin NY, Samsonova JV, Galimzyanov IG, Efimova MA, Khaertynov KS, Faizov TK, Mukminov MN, Ivanov AV. Initial multi-target approach shows importance of improved caprine arthritis-encephalitis virus control program in Russia for hobbyist goat farms. Vet World 2021; 14:1718-1726. [PMID: 34475691 PMCID: PMC8404134 DOI: 10.14202/vetworld.2021.1718-1726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2021] [Accepted: 05/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Aim: Several reports described the detection of specific caprine arthritis-encephalitis virus (CAEV) antibodies in Russian goat populations, which indicates the circulation of CAEV in Russian goat farms. The aim of this study was to use a multi-target approach to testing with both serological tests and an in-house real-time (RT) molecular test to investigate the prevalence of CAEV in goats from three hobbyist farms in the Republic of Tatarstan, Russia. Materials and Methods: We applied a multi-target approach to testing with both enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and an in-house RT polymerase chain reaction test to investigate the prevalence of CAEV in goats. Animals from the three hobbyist farms were used in this study. The animals from two farms (n=13 for F1 and n=8 for F2) had clinical signs of arthritis and mastitis. In the third farm (n=15 for F3), all goats were home-bred and had no contact with imported animals. Results: CAEV antibodies (ELISA targets TM env and gag genes) were detected in serum samples from two farms (F1 and F2), indicating seroprevalence of 87.50-92.31%. Specific CAEV antibodies were also detected in milk samples. CAEV proviral DNA was detected in 53.85-62.50%. The results from all tests performed in the third farm (F3) were negative, indicating that all tests were 100% specific. Conclusion: The results showed that CAEV is circulating and present in small hobbyist goat farms in Russia. Serological and molecular tests could be important for programs to control and eradicate CAEV in Russia for hobbyist goat farms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eduard A Shuralev
- Department of Applied Ecology, Institute of Environmental Sciences, Kazan Federal University, Kazan, Tatarstan, 420008, Russian Federation.,Federal Center for Toxicological, Radiation and Biological Safety, Nauchniy Gorodok-2, Kazan, Tatarstan, 420075, Russian Federation.,Central Research Laboratory, Kazan State Medical Academy - Russian Medical Academy of Continuous Professional Education, Kazan, Tatarstan, 420012, Russian Federation.,Department of Epizootology and Parasitology, Kazan State Academy of Veterinary Medicine named after N.E. Bauman, Kazan, Tatarstan, 420029, Russian Federation
| | - Nail I Khammadov
- Federal Center for Toxicological, Radiation and Biological Safety, Nauchniy Gorodok-2, Kazan, Tatarstan, 420075, Russian Federation
| | - Konstantin A Osyanin
- Federal Center for Toxicological, Radiation and Biological Safety, Nauchniy Gorodok-2, Kazan, Tatarstan, 420075, Russian Federation
| | - Inna A Elizarova
- Federal Center for Toxicological, Radiation and Biological Safety, Nauchniy Gorodok-2, Kazan, Tatarstan, 420075, Russian Federation
| | - Gaysha R Salmanova
- Federal Center for Toxicological, Radiation and Biological Safety, Nauchniy Gorodok-2, Kazan, Tatarstan, 420075, Russian Federation
| | - Nikolai D Shamaev
- Department of Applied Ecology, Institute of Environmental Sciences, Kazan Federal University, Kazan, Tatarstan, 420008, Russian Federation.,The United Graduate School of Veterinary Sciences, Gifu University, Yana 1-1, Gifu-city, 501-1193, Japan
| | - Sergei V Petrov
- Department of Applied Ecology, Institute of Environmental Sciences, Kazan Federal University, Kazan, Tatarstan, 420008, Russian Federation.,Central Research Laboratory, Kazan State Medical Academy - Russian Medical Academy of Continuous Professional Education, Kazan, Tatarstan, 420012, Russian Federation
| | - Clare Whelan
- Research and Development Department, Enfer Scientific, Naas, Co. Kildare, Ireland
| | - Nikolai Yu Saushkin
- Department of Chemistry, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 1-11 Leninskie Gory, Moscow, 119991, Russian Federation
| | - Jeanne V Samsonova
- Department of Chemistry, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 1-11 Leninskie Gory, Moscow, 119991, Russian Federation
| | - Ilsur G Galimzyanov
- Department of Surgery, Obstetrics, and Pathology of Companion Animals, Kazan State Academy of Veterinary Medicine named after N.E. Bauman, Kazan, Tatarstan, 420029, Russian Federation
| | - Marina A Efimova
- Federal Center for Toxicological, Radiation and Biological Safety, Nauchniy Gorodok-2, Kazan, Tatarstan, 420075, Russian Federation.,Central Research Laboratory, Kazan State Medical Academy - Russian Medical Academy of Continuous Professional Education, Kazan, Tatarstan, 420012, Russian Federation.,Department of Epizootology and Parasitology, Kazan State Academy of Veterinary Medicine named after N.E. Bauman, Kazan, Tatarstan, 420029, Russian Federation
| | - Kamil S Khaertynov
- Federal Center for Toxicological, Radiation and Biological Safety, Nauchniy Gorodok-2, Kazan, Tatarstan, 420075, Russian Federation.,Central Research Laboratory, Kazan State Medical Academy - Russian Medical Academy of Continuous Professional Education, Kazan, Tatarstan, 420012, Russian Federation
| | - Tagir Kh Faizov
- Federal Center for Toxicological, Radiation and Biological Safety, Nauchniy Gorodok-2, Kazan, Tatarstan, 420075, Russian Federation
| | - Malik N Mukminov
- Department of Applied Ecology, Institute of Environmental Sciences, Kazan Federal University, Kazan, Tatarstan, 420008, Russian Federation.,Central Research Laboratory, Kazan State Medical Academy - Russian Medical Academy of Continuous Professional Education, Kazan, Tatarstan, 420012, Russian Federation
| | - Arkadiy V Ivanov
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, Russian Academy of Sciences, 32A Leninsky Prospect, Moscow, 119334, Russian Federation
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Paul BT, Hashi HA, Burhannuddin NN, Chung ELT, Jesse FFA, Lila MAM, Haron AW, Amat AC, Abba Y, Maqbool A, Bhutto KUR, Isa KM, Amira NA, Odhah MN, Hambali IU, Norsidin MJ. Further Insights Into Caprine Arthritis Encephalitis (CAE): The Current Status of Seroprevalence Among Small Ruminants in Two Selected States of Peninsular Malaysia. Trop Life Sci Res 2021; 32:83-96. [PMID: 34367516 PMCID: PMC8300945 DOI: 10.21315/tlsr2021.32.2.6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Caprine arthritis-encephalitis virus (CAEV) is a member of the genus lentivirus causing caprine arthritis-encephalitis (CAE), a chronic inflammatory condition affecting the lungs, joints, udder and central nervous system of small ruminants such as sheep and goats. CAE is distributed worldwide and is recognised as a significant cause of morbidity and decreased milk production in dairy goats. Earlier studies highlighted the clinicopathological features and supplied preliminary serological evidence for the existence of CAE among selected goat herds in Malaysia. Therefore, this study aims to provide further insights into the seroprevalence and contributing factors of CAE among sheep and goat herds in two states of Peninsular Malaysia. The blood samples and biodata were randomly collected from a total of 262 individual sheep (40) and goat (222) in seven smallholder farms. Blood sera were tested for specific anti-CAEV antibodies using Qayee-Bio CAEV sandwich-ELISA test kits according to standard procedures. Our results of the study revealed 21.4% (95% CI: 15.8-28.6) apparent and 20.6% (95% CI: 14.5-27.8) true seroprevalence with significant differences (p < 0.05) in seroconversion rates between the states, farms, production systems and breeds of small ruminants. The prevalence of CAE in the Malaysian Peninsular is a potential threat to the small ruminant industry and developing agricultural economy. Further studies are required to determine the genetic characteristics, distribution and risk factors of CAEV for effective prevention and control in Malaysia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bura Thlama Paul
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Studies, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
- Veterinary Teaching Hospital, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Maiduguri, PMB 1069, Maiduguri 600233, Borno State, Nigeria
| | - Hamza Abdirahman Hashi
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Studies, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Nurul Najwa Burhannuddin
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Studies, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Eric Lim Teik Chung
- Institute of Tropical Agriculture and Food Security, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Faez Firdaus Abdullah Jesse
- Institute of Tropical Agriculture and Food Security, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Studies, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Mohd Azmi Mohd Lila
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Abd Wahid Haron
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Studies, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Azlan Che Amat
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Studies, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Yusuf Abba
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Maiduguri, PMB 1069, Maiduguri 600233, Borno State, Nigeria
| | - Arsalan Maqbool
- Institute of Tropical Agriculture and Food Security, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Khaleeq ur Rehman Bhutto
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Studies, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Kamarulrizal Mat Isa
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Studies, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Nur Azhar Amira
- Institute of Tropical Agriculture and Food Security, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Mohammad Naji Odhah
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Studies, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University Malaysia Kelantan, 16100 Kota Bharu, Kelantan Malaysia
| | - Idris Umar Hambali
- Department of Veterinary Public Health and Preventive Medicine, University of Maiduguri, PMB 1069, Maiduguri 600233, Borno State, Nigeria
| | - Mohd Jefri Norsidin
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Studies, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
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Balakrishnan KN, Abdullah AA, Bala JA, Jesse FFA, Abdullah CAC, Noordin MM, Mohd-Azmi ML. Immediately early 2 (IE-2) and DNA polymerase SiRNA as virus-specific antiviral against novel transplacental cytomegalovirus strain ALL-03 in vitro. INFECTION GENETICS AND EVOLUTION 2021; 90:104783. [PMID: 33640483 DOI: 10.1016/j.meegid.2021.104783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2020] [Revised: 02/06/2021] [Accepted: 02/23/2021] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study investigated the suitability of siRNA targeting specific genes that cause inhibition of virus replication in vitro especially for the virus that capable of crossing placenta and we employed a novel transplacental rat cytomegalovirus that mimics infection in human. METHODS Six unique siRNAs with three each targeting different regions of IE2 (ie2a, ie2b and ie2c) and DNA polymerase (dpa, dpb and dpc) were prepared and tested for antiviral activities. The efficacy as an antiviral was determined in in-vitro by measuring TCID50 virus titer, severity of virus-induced cytopathic effect (CPE), intracellular viral genome loads by droplet digital PCR, the degree of apoptosis in siRNA-treated cells and relative expression of viral mRNA in infected Rat Embryo Fibroblast (REF) cells. FINDINGS Remarkably, the siRNAs: dpa, dpb and IE2b, significantly reduced virus yield (approximately >90%) compared to control group at day 18 post infection (p.i). Changes in CPE indicated that DNA polymerase siRNAs were capable of protecting cells against CMV infection at day 14 p.i with higher efficiency than GCV (at the concentration of 300 pmol). Gene expression analysis revealed a marked down regulation of the targeted DNA polymerase gene (73.9%, 96.0% and 90.7% for dpa, dpb and dpc siRNA, respectively) and IE2 gene (50.8%, 49.9% and 15.8% for ie2a, ie2b and ie2c siRNA, respectively) when measured by RT-qPCR. Intracellular viral DNA loads showed a significant reduction for all the DNA polymerase siRNAs (dpa: 96%, dpb: 98% and dpc:92) compared to control group (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION In conclusion, this study clearly highlighted the feasibility of RNAi as an alternative antiviral therapy that could lead to controlling the CMV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krishnan Nair Balakrishnan
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University Putra Malaysia, Selangor, Malaysia.
| | - Ashwaq Ahmed Abdullah
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Applied Science, Taiz University, Taiz, Yemen
| | - Jamilu Abubakar Bala
- Microbiology Unit, Department of Medical Laboratory Science, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Bayero University Kano, Nigeria
| | - Faez Firdaus Abdullah Jesse
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Studies, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Selangor, Malaysia
| | | | - Mustapha Mohamed Noordin
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University Putra Malaysia, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Mohd Lila Mohd-Azmi
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University Putra Malaysia, Selangor, Malaysia.
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Potarniche AV, Cerbu CG, Czopowicz M, Szalus-Jordanow O, Kaba J, Spinu M. The epidemiological background of small ruminant lentivirus infection in goats from Romania. Vet World 2020; 13:1344-1350. [PMID: 32848309 PMCID: PMC7429392 DOI: 10.14202/vetworld.2020.1344-1350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2020] [Accepted: 05/19/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Aim: Caprine arthritis-encephalitis (CAE) is an economically significant viral disease of goats caused by a small ruminant lentivirus (SRLV) belonging to Retroviridae family. This study aimed to summarize current information on the epidemiological status of SRLVs infection in the population of goats from Romania and to point out the CAE incidence throughout the 2008-2018 periods. Materials and Methods: An exhaustive review of the papers published in the international literature concerning the epidemiological status of CAE in Romania was carried out using electronic databases, and available statistical data from the World Organization for Animal Health (OIE) regarding the incidence of the disease between 2008 and 2018 were analyzed. Results: The true individual-level seroprevalence of CAE was estimated in 13 of 42 counties (31%) and ranged from 0.4% to roughly 40%. One hundred eighty-two outbreaks from 14 counties (33%) were reported, with a peak in 2010. Conclusion: The findings sourcing in the literature are very scarce and show disagreement with the situation reported by the national veterinary authorities. Lack of SRLVs screening policies represents the main obstacle in limiting the spread of the disease. Romania’s National Sanitary Veterinary and Food Safety Authority should implement a program for diagnosis and surveillance of the disease to build a straightforward epidemiological picture that represents a prerequisite of any control and eradication program.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrian-Valentin Potarniche
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine Cluj-Napoca, Cluj, Romania
| | - Constantin Gheorghe Cerbu
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine Cluj-Napoca, Cluj, Romania
| | - Michal Czopowicz
- Division of Veterinary Epidemiology and Economics, Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Olga Szalus-Jordanow
- Department of Small Animal Diseases with Clinic, Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Jaroslaw Kaba
- Division of Veterinary Epidemiology and Economics, Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Marina Spinu
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine Cluj-Napoca, Cluj, Romania
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