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Ebissy E, Darwish A, Hafez AA, Ateya A, El-Sayed A. Individual genomic loci, transcript level, and biochemical profile of immune and antioxidant markers associated with genetically identified bacterial mastitis in Shami goats in Egypt. Open Vet J 2024; 14:370-388. [PMID: 38633191 PMCID: PMC11018405 DOI: 10.5455/ovj.2024.v14.i1.34] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2023] [Accepted: 12/15/2023] [Indexed: 04/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Mastitis in goats is unquestionably a grave concern, with far-reaching implications for both animal well-being and productivity, while also presenting a potential threat to public health. Aim The study aimed to compare culture methods and multiplex PCR (m-PCR) in the detection of the most three common mastitis-causing pathogens (Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, and Streptococcus spp.) and investigate the gene expression, single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), serum concentrations of immunological and antioxidant indicators linked to mastitis in Shami goats. Methods One hundred Shami do (50 Shami goats with clinical mastitis and 50 normal goats taken as control group). The culture methods and m-PCR analysis were used to find the bacteria in the milk samples. Blood samples were obtained to assess some hemato-biochemical parameters, detect SNPs, and determine the expression of certain immunological and antioxidant indicators in the genes. Results The culture method detected the pathogens causing mastitis in 90% of the milk samples, but m-PCR detected them in 100% of the milk samples. SNPs linked to mastitis resistance/susceptibility in examined does were detected through DNA sequencing of immunological and antioxidant indicators. The magnitude of gene expression varied significantly between the resistant and mastitis-affected groups. Significant (P ˂ 0.05) elevations were noticed in WBCs count, mainly neutsrophils count, serum levels of BHB, NEFA, triglycerides, LDL-C, AST, ALT, ALP, creatinine, total protein, globulin, Ca, K, GPx, MDA, acute phase proteins, and cytokines in mastitis affected does as compared to control. While RBCs count, PCV%, lymphocytes count, serum concentration of glucose, cholesterol, HDL-C, albumin, Na, Cl, P, GSH, SOD, and catalase significantly (P ˂ 0.05) diminished in mastitis affected does compared to healthy ones. APPs and pro-inflammatory cytokines scored high sensitivities and NPVs but TNF-α and serum amyloid A (SAA) had the highest percentages of increase. Conclusion The study confirmed that m-PCR is the most sensitive method for bacteria identification (S. aureus, E. coli, and Strept. spp.) while SNPs in antioxidant and immunological genes may be important genetic indicators for mastitis risk or resistance in Shami does. To establish an effective management plan and forecast the most sensitive risk time for illness onset, gene expression profiles of the tested genes may also be employed as proxy biomarkers. TNF-α and SAA may be precious indicators for the detection of caprine mastitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eman Ebissy
- Department of Animal Health and Poultry, Animal and Poultry Production Division, Desert Research Center (DRC), Cairo, Egypt
| | - Asmaa Darwish
- Department of Animal Health and Poultry, Animal and Poultry Production Division, Desert Research Center (DRC), Cairo, Egypt
| | - Amani A. Hafez
- Department of Animal Health and Poultry, Animal and Poultry Production Division, Desert Research Center (DRC), Cairo, Egypt
| | - Ahmed Ateya
- Department of Development of Animal Wealth, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Ahmed El-Sayed
- Department of Animal Health and Poultry, Animal and Poultry Production Division, Desert Research Center (DRC), Cairo, Egypt
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Al-Rasheed AA, Garba B, Handool KO, Al-Jashamy KA, Odhah MNA, Dirie NI, Daud HM. An in-vivo experimental evaluation of the efficacy of fish-derived antimicrobial peptides against multidrug-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Pan Afr Med J 2023; 46:112. [PMID: 38465008 PMCID: PMC10924623 DOI: 10.11604/pamj.2023.46.112.38578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2022] [Accepted: 12/16/2023] [Indexed: 03/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction due to the fact that antimicrobial peptides antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) from climbing perch have not been fully explored for their antimicrobial potency, this investigation was undertaken to explore that possibility. Methods antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) from the mucous secretion of climbing perch were obtained and an in-vivo analysis was conducted using mice. Results the results showed inhibitory effects on multidrug-resistant multidrug-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa with reduced mortality from 100% among the non-treated group to 25%. Similarly, the level of serum transaminase enzymes (AST and ALT), creatinine levels, and pro-inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α and IL-6) were all found to be higher in the non-treatment group compared to the AMP-treatment group. Also, extensive tissue damage in the lung, liver, and spleen of the non-treated control group mice was observed based on the histopathological lesions recorded. As expected, AMPs from climbing perch significantly alleviated multidrug-resistant P. aeruginosa infection in-vivo and produced enhanced therapeutic efficacy superior to the ciprofloxacin treatment. Conclusion this study provides insight into the potential antimicrobial activity of fish innate immune system-derived peptides that could serve as a candidate for the substitute of antibiotics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agharid Ali Al-Rasheed
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Tikrit University, Tikrit, Iraq
- Department of Clinical Studies, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
| | - Bashiru Garba
- Department of Veterinary Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Usmanu Danfodiyo University, Sokoto, Nigeria
| | | | - Karim Alwan Al-Jashamy
- Department of Radiology and Sonar Technology, Bilad Alrafidain University College, Baghdad, Iraq
| | - Mohamed Naji Ahmed Odhah
- Department of Veterinary Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Thamar University, Dhamar, Yemen
| | - Najib Isse Dirie
- Department of Urology, Dr. Sumait Hospital, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, SIMAD University, Mogadishu, Somalia
| | - Hassan Mohd Daud
- Department of Clinical Studies, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
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Pegolo S, Giannuzzi D, Piccioli-Cappelli F, Cattaneo L, Gianesella M, Ruegg PL, Trevisi E, Cecchinato A. Blood biochemical changes upon subclinical intramammary infection and inflammation in Holstein cattle. J Dairy Sci 2023; 106:6539-6550. [PMID: 37479572 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2022-23155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2022] [Accepted: 03/20/2023] [Indexed: 07/23/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the associations between subclinical intramammary infection (IMI) from different pathogens combined with inflammation status and a set of blood biochemical traits including energy-related metabolites, indicators of liver function or hepatic damage, oxidative stress, inflammation, innate immunity, and mineral status in 349 lactating Holstein cows. Data were analyzed with a linear model including the following fixed class effects: days in milk, parity, herd, somatic cell count (SCC), bacteriological status (positive and negative), and the SCC × bacteriological status interaction. Several metabolites had significant associations with subclinical IMI or SCC. Increased SCC was associated with a linear decrease in cholesterol concentrations which ranged from -2% for the class ≥50,000 and <200,000 cells/mL to -11% for the SCC class ≥400,000 cells/mL compared with the SCC class <50,000 cells/mL. A positive bacteriological result was associated with an increase in bilirubin (+24%), paraoxonase (+11%), the ratio paraoxonase/cholesterol (+9%), and advanced oxidation protein product concentration (+23%). Increased SCC were associated with a linear decrease in ferric reducing antioxidant power concentrations ranging from -3% for the class ≥50,000 and <200,000 cells/mL to -9% for the SCC class ≥400,000 cells/mL (respect to the SCC class <50,000 cells/mL). A positive bacteriological result was associated with an increase in haptoglobin concentrations (+19%). Increased SCC were also associated with a linear increase in haptoglobin concentrations, which ranged from +24% for the class ≥50,000 and <200,000 cells/mL (0.31 g/L) to +82% for the SCC class ≥400,000 cells/mL (0.45 g/L), with respect to the SCC class <50,000 cells/mL (0.25 g/L). Increased SCC were associated with a linear increase in ceruloplasmin concentrations (+15% for SCC ≥50,000 cells/mL). The observed changes in blood biochemical markers, mainly acute phase proteins and oxidative stress markers, suggest that cows with subclinical IMI may experience a systemic involvement.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Pegolo
- Department of Agronomy, Food, Natural Resources, Animals and Environment (DAFNAE), University of Padova, 35020 Legnaro, Padova, Italy
| | - D Giannuzzi
- Department of Agronomy, Food, Natural Resources, Animals and Environment (DAFNAE), University of Padova, 35020 Legnaro, Padova, Italy.
| | - F Piccioli-Cappelli
- Department of Animal Science, Food and Nutrition (DIANA) and the Romeo and Enrica Invernizzi Research Center for Sustainable Dairy Production (CREI), Faculty of Agricultural, Food and Environmental Sciences, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 29122 Piacenza, Italy
| | - L Cattaneo
- Department of Animal Science, Food and Nutrition (DIANA) and the Romeo and Enrica Invernizzi Research Center for Sustainable Dairy Production (CREI), Faculty of Agricultural, Food and Environmental Sciences, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 29122 Piacenza, Italy
| | - M Gianesella
- Department of Animal Medicine, Production and Health (MAPS), University of Padova, 35020 Legnaro, Padova, Italy
| | - P L Ruegg
- Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824
| | - E Trevisi
- Department of Animal Science, Food and Nutrition (DIANA) and the Romeo and Enrica Invernizzi Research Center for Sustainable Dairy Production (CREI), Faculty of Agricultural, Food and Environmental Sciences, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 29122 Piacenza, Italy
| | - A Cecchinato
- Department of Agronomy, Food, Natural Resources, Animals and Environment (DAFNAE), University of Padova, 35020 Legnaro, Padova, Italy
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Sadat A, Farag AMM, Elhanafi D, Awad A, Elmahallawy EK, Alsowayeh N, El-khadragy MF, Elshopakey GE. Immunological and Oxidative Biomarkers in Bovine Serum from Healthy, Clinical, and Sub-Clinical Mastitis Caused by Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus Infection. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:ani13050892. [PMID: 36899749 PMCID: PMC10000043 DOI: 10.3390/ani13050892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2022] [Revised: 02/20/2023] [Accepted: 02/23/2023] [Indexed: 03/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The study aimed to investigate the mastitis' emerging causative agents and their antimicrobial sensitivity, in addition to the hematological, biochemical indicators, oxidative biomarkers, acute phase protein (APP), and inflammatory cytokine changes in dairy farms in Gamasa, Dakahlia Governorate, Egypt. One hundred Holstein Friesian dairy cattle with clinical and subclinical mastitis were investigated and were allocated into three groups based on a thorough clinical examination. Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus were found responsible for the clinical and subclinical mastitis in dairy farms, respectively. Multiple drug resistance (MDR) was detected in 100%, and 94.74% of E. coli and S. aureus isolates, respectively. Significantly low RBCs count, Hb, and PCV values were detected in mastitic cows compared with both subclinical mastitic and control groups; moreover, WBCs, lymphocytes, and neutrophil counts were significantly diminished in mastitic cows compared to the controls. Significantly higher levels of AST, LDH, total protein, and globulin were noticed in both mastitic and subclinical mastitic cows. The haptoglobin, fibrinogen, amyloid A, ceruloplasmin, TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6 levels were statistically increased in mastitic cows compared to the controls. Higher MDA levels and reduction of TAC and catalase were identified in all the mastitic cases compared to the controls. Overall, the findings suggested potential public health hazards due to antimicrobial resistance emergence. Meanwhile, the APP and cytokines, along with antioxidant markers can be used as early indicators of mastitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asmaa Sadat
- Department of Bacteriology, Mycology, and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt
- Correspondence: (A.S.); (G.E.E.); Tel.: +20-1099633122 (A.S.); +20-1023923945 (G.E.E.); Fax: +20-502379952 (A.S.); +20-502379952 (G.E.E.)
| | - Alshimaa M. M. Farag
- Department of Internal Medicine and Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt
| | - Driss Elhanafi
- Biomanufacturing Training and Education Center, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27606, USA
| | - Amal Awad
- Department of Bacteriology, Mycology, and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt
| | - Ehab Kotb Elmahallawy
- Department of Zoonoses, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Sohag University, Sohag 82524, Egypt
| | - Noorah Alsowayeh
- Department of Biology, College of Education (Majmaah), Majmaah University, Al-Majmaah 11952, Saudi Arabia
| | - Manal F. El-khadragy
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, P.O. Box 84428, Riyadh 11671, Saudi Arabia
| | - Gehad E. Elshopakey
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt
- Correspondence: (A.S.); (G.E.E.); Tel.: +20-1099633122 (A.S.); +20-1023923945 (G.E.E.); Fax: +20-502379952 (A.S.); +20-502379952 (G.E.E.)
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Aden MA, Bashiru G. HOW MISUSE OF ANTIMICROBIAL AGENTS IS EXACERBATING THE CHALLENGES FACING SOMALIA'S PUBLIC HEALTH. Afr J Infect Dis 2022; 16:26-32. [PMID: 36124330 PMCID: PMC9480883 DOI: 10.21010/ajid.v16i2s.4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2022] [Revised: 07/13/2022] [Accepted: 07/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background In contrast to most developed countries, antimicrobial resistance (AMR) has continued to be a serious challenge to public health in the majority of resource-limited countries in Africa. Materials and method A comprehensive review of all available literature reporting on antimicrobial resistance patterns, antimicrobial drug usage in both human and animals, as well as national AMR regulations in Somalia was undertaken. Results The review observed that successful AMR control and surveillance among resource-poor nations are affected by a lack of infrastructural and institutional capacities, poor investment in human and material resources, as well as non-adherence to available policies. The humanitarian crisis affecting Somalia has persisted for too long, leading to loss of lives, productivity and dilapidation of public health infrastructures. Somalia like most countries has adopted the One Health approach in developing their soon-to-be gazetted National Action Plan on AMR, which covers both human health, animal health and the environment. Although there are many other similar policy documents and guidelines regulating the usage and administration of antimicrobials in the country, evidence of the implementation indicates there is still a need for more effort. Conclusion AMR constitute a significant public health problem in Somali, and there is urgent need for gazetting and enforcement of the newly developed national policy. In addition, there is also the need for collaboration with the major stakeholders to develop workable solutions to combat the hazards posed by AMR in the country.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moussa Ayan Aden
- Institute for Medical Research, SIMAD University, Mogadishu, Somalia
| | - Garba Bashiru
- Institute for Medical Research, SIMAD University, Mogadishu, Somalia,Department of Veterinary Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Usmanu Danfodiyo University, Sokoto, Nigeria,Corresponding Author’s E-Mail:
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Ahmadzai MA, Shinwari Q, Al-Rasheed AA, Garba B. Armed conflict and the proliferation of antimicrobial resistance: The situation in war-ravaged Afghanistan. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ONE HEALTH 2022. [DOI: 10.14202/ijoh.2022.43-47] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) constitutes a serious impediment to the attainment of the World Health Organization's Sustainable Development Goals, which seek to ensure and promote healthy living among humans and animals. Studies have identified the vulnerability of conflict-affected populations to exposure to antimicrobial-resistant pathogens. Resource-limited countries like Afghanistan have suffered for long periods from armed conflicts, and this situation is exacerbated by the already poor or dilapidated healthcare delivery services. The country has suffered human and economic losses due to antimicrobial-resistant bacterial infections driven by the prolonged war, as well as a limited number of antimicrobials and frequent under dosage. Most reports point to the overuse of broad-spectrum antibiotics as the main reason for building up resistant strains. There is a need for more efforts toward identifying the major contributors and enlightening the public on the importance of AMR. This review aimed to provide a critical appraisal regarding the current situation of AMR in Afghanistan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Aman Ahmadzai
- Department of Clinic, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Helmand University, 3902 Peace Watt, Lashkar Gah, Helmand, Afghanistan
| | - Qiamudin Shinwari
- Department of Para Clinic, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Helmand University, 3902 Peace Watt, Lashkar Gah, Helmand, Afghanistan
| | | | - Bashiru Garba
- Department of Veterinary Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Usmanu Danfodiyo University Sokoto, 840212, Sultan Abubakar Road, City Campus Complex, Sokoto State, Nigeria
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Henna K, Boudjellaba S, Khammar F, Amirat Z, Chesneau D, Charallah S. Endocrine, energy, and lipid status during parturition and early lactation in indigenous goats native to the Algerian Sahara. Vet World 2021; 14:2419-2426. [PMID: 34840462 PMCID: PMC8613793 DOI: 10.14202/vetworld.2021.2419-2426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2021] [Accepted: 08/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Aim: Goats are widely distributed in southwest Algeria. The Saharan goat is perfectly adapted to the harsh conditions of arid areas, and it is characterized by resistance to long photoperiod and reduced metabolic needs, allowing the survival of its offspring by maintaining lactation. Several studies have demonstrated that parturition and lactation are critical periods that induce hormone, energy, and lipid status changes in mammals. However, the relationship between the blood biochemical parameters of parturition control and lactation functions in the Algerian Saharan goat has not been thoroughly documented. Therefore, this study assesses hormone and metabolite levels during parturition and early lactation in Saharan goats reared in arid areas. Materials and Methods: Experiments were performed on 14 multiparous female goats, and blood samples were collected during parturition, 4 days postpartum (D1PP-D4PP), and during the first 12 weeks of lactation (W1-W12) to analyze prolactin, cortisol, glucose (GLU), total proteins (TP), cholesterol (CHO), triglycerides (TGs), total lipids (TL), low-density lipoproteins (LDLs), high-density lipoproteins (HDLs), and very LDLs (VLDLs). Results: Statistical data analysis revealed a significant (p<0.05) increase in plasma prolactin concentrations at W1 after parturition, reaching maximum values at W3 and W9, and remained high until W12 of lactation. Plasma cortisol levels were high at parturition, reaching two peaks at W3 and W9, and then decreased at W5, W7, and W12 of lactation. No significant changes were found in serum GLU levels during the first 7 weeks of lactation compared with parturition day; then, the levels became significantly (p<0.05) lower at W8, W11, and W12 of lactation. Plasma TP increased significantly (p<0.05) at D3PP, W1, and W4, then decreased significantly (p<0.05) at W8. In addition, this decrease coincided with that of GLU production. Serum CHO, TGs, TL, LDLs, and VLDLs, were low at parturition and high at D4PP and during the first 3 months of lactation. Furthermore, HDL levels were low at D3PP, 1st, and 3rd months and high at the 2nd month of lactation. Conclusion: This study emphasized the impact of parturition and the 1st weeks of lactation on endocrine and metabolic changes in indigenous goats living in the Algerian Sahara Desert. These results can be used to monitor and improve farming management and understand physiological adaptive strategies, mainly lactation function sustainability, of this goat living in marginal zones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kamilia Henna
- Department of Biology and Physiology of Organisms, University of Science and Technology Houari Boumediene, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Laboratory of Research on Arid Lands, BP 32 El Alia, 16111, Algiers, Algeria
| | - Sofiane Boudjellaba
- Department of Pre-Clinic, Higher National Veterinary School, Laboratory of Research Management of Local Animal Resources, Abbes Street, Oued-Smar, 16000, Algiers, Algeria
| | - Farida Khammar
- Department of Biology and Physiology of Organisms, University of Science and Technology Houari Boumediene, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Laboratory of Research on Arid Lands, BP 32 El Alia, 16111, Algiers, Algeria
| | - Zaina Amirat
- Department of Biology and Physiology of Organisms, University of Science and Technology Houari Boumediene, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Laboratory of Research on Arid Lands, BP 32 El Alia, 16111, Algiers, Algeria
| | - Didier Chesneau
- Department of Animal Physiology and Farming System, University of François Rabelais, F-37041, Tours, Reproductive and Behavioral Physiology, National Institute of Agriculture, Food and Environment, INRAE UMR85, ER 11, Neuroendocrinology of sexual interactions and behaviors, CNRS, IFCE, Nouzilly, France
| | - Salima Charallah
- Department of Biology and Physiology of Organisms, University of Science and Technology Houari Boumediene, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Laboratory of Research on Arid Lands, BP 32 El Alia, 16111, Algiers, Algeria
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The effect of hesperidin, chrysin, and naringenin on the number of somatic cell count in mastitis in dairy cows after multiple intramammary administration. ANNALS OF ANIMAL SCIENCE 2021. [DOI: 10.2478/aoas-2021-0060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Hesperidin (HE), chrysin (CH) and naringenin (NA) are flavonoids, being the most important group of polyphenols, and show anti-inflammatory properties which have been demonstrated on various models. Polyphenols have a lot of biological properties, such as antioxidative, antiviral, immunomodulatory and anticancer activities. However, the effect on mastitis has not been yet described. This research aimed to analyze the tolerability of selected polyphenols after multiple intramammary administrations (IMM) as well as to investigate their potential impact on somatic cell count (SCC) in mastitis dairy cows. The study was performed on 12 Polish Holstein Black-White cows in their 4th – to 6th lactation. Only animals with inflammation in one-quarter of the udder were selected. The selection was based on SCC and clinical assessment. The experiment was performed with multiple IMM administrations with each of these polyphenols in dairy cows affected with mastitis. Polyphenols were administered at a dose of 30 mg/quarter/day. Milk samples for SCC, blood plasma samples for pharmacokinetics and blood hematology and biochemistry (selected blood parameters were tested) were collected at baseline, treatment period and within the recovery period. Positive effects concerning the number of SCC in milk of mastitic cows were confirmed for all tested polyphenols.
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Moussa AA, Abdulahi Abdi A, Awale MA, Garba B. Occurrence and Phenotypic Characterization of Multidrug-Resistant Bacterial Pathogens Isolated from Patients in a Public Hospital in Mogadishu, Somalia. Infect Drug Resist 2021; 14:825-832. [PMID: 33688217 PMCID: PMC7936673 DOI: 10.2147/idr.s275090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2020] [Accepted: 01/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose This study reports a cross-sectional investigation to determine the antimicrobial resistance pattern of the common bacterial contaminants isolated from hospitalized patients in Mogadishu, Somalia. Materials and Methods A total of 328 clinical samples comprising urine, blood, vaginal swab, pus aspirates, and stool were collected from a public hospital located in Mogadishu the capital city of Somalia between October 2019 to March 2020. The isolation and biochemical characterization of the bacterial isolates were performed using the conventional culture and biochemical assay tests. Similarly, antimicrobial susceptibility was determined using the Kirby–Bauer disk diffusion. Results A total of 275 pathogenic bacteria that include Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeroginosa, Proteus vulgare, Klebsiella pneumonia, and Salmonella spp. were detected with an overall detection rate of 78.4% (257/328). Among the bacterial pathogens isolated from clinical specimens, 152 (46.3%) were Staphylococcus aureus, 60 (18.3%) were E. coli, 10 (3.1%) Proteus vulgaris, 6 (1.8%) Klebsiella pneumonia, and 1 (0.3%) isolate was found to be Salmonella sp. The antimicrobial susceptibility assay revealed variable resistance pattern with clindamycin (40%), ampicillin (27%), vancomycin (26%), levofloxacin (23%), amoxicillin (20%), ciprofloxacin (18%) and nitrofurantoin (12%) showing the highest rate of resistance. Moreover, evaluation of multidrug resistance showed that Staphylococcus aureus had the highest multidrug resistance rate, with 19 isolates showing resistance to more than two drugs, followed by E. coli with three isolates. In contrast, each of Proteus vulgare, Salmonella sp. and Klebsiella pneumonia had one isolate each that exhibited multidrug resistance characteristics. Conclusion The findings of this study showed the occurrence of a number antimicrobial-resistant bacterial pathogens whose prevalence varies with age and sex. Therefore, there is a need for comprehensive antimicrobial profiling of bacterial isolates during the management of patients in the hospital.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayan Aden Moussa
- Institute for Medical Research, SIMAD University, Mogadishu, Somalia.,Faculty of Medicine and Health Science, SIMAD University, Mogadishu, Somalia
| | - Abdkerem Abdulahi Abdi
- Institute for Medical Research, SIMAD University, Mogadishu, Somalia.,Faculty of Medicine and Health Science, SIMAD University, Mogadishu, Somalia
| | - Mohamed Abdullahi Awale
- Institute for Medical Research, SIMAD University, Mogadishu, Somalia.,Faculty of Medicine and Health Science, SIMAD University, Mogadishu, Somalia
| | - Bashiru Garba
- Department of Veterinary Public Health & Preventive Medicine, Usmanu Danfodiyo University, Sokoto, Sokoto State, Nigeria
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