Evaluation of the bacteriocin produced by strain 9 lactic acid bacteria isolate for biopreservation

Optimization of fermentation conditions and blending process of fairy bean in North Anhui Province

Functional fermentation strains were isolated and screened from traditional fairy beans in northern Anhui. Through technical identification, Bacillus subtilis SXD06 was determined to be the superior fermentation strain, while Wickerhamomyces anomalus YE006 was identified as the optimal aroma-producing yeast. Utilizing single-factor experiments and response surface optimization, a Central Composite Design fermentation and blending model was established. The optimal fermentation conditions were determined to be: an inoculation amount of 1.1% for Bacillus subtilis SXD06, an inoculation amount of 4.2% for Wickerhamomyces anomalus YE006, and a fermentation temperature of 34 °C, Fermentation lasted 84.2 h. SDS-PAGE electrophoresis comparison between control and sample groups indicated effective fermentation, with most fairy beans converting to amino acids. Optimal conditions were identified as 5.5% salt, 0.26% star anise powder, 0.25% cinnamon, 1.5% pepper, 4.5% edible alcohol, and 0.28% fragrant leaves. The sensory evaluation of soybean products produced under the specified conditions yielded the highest scores. This study offers robust technical support for the development of low-ammonia, high-quality fairy bean products that align with consumer preferences.

Characterization of Extraintestinal Pathogenic Escherichia coli Strains Causing Canine Pneumonia in China: Antibiotic Resistance, Virulence Genes, and Sequence Typing

To determine the etiological agents responsible for acute pneumonia in puppies in China, this study utilized bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid extraction to enable the isolation, culture, biochemical identification, and 16S rRNA PCR amplification of the pathogens. Following preliminary identification, the pathogens underwent analysis for antibiotic resistance phenotypes and resistance genes. Additionally, the study examined the presence of virulence genes, conducted multilocus sequence typing (MLST), and performed whole-genome sequencing (WGS). The findings revealed that all four isolated pathogens were characterized as extraintestinal pathogenic Escherichia coli (ExPEC). The examined ExPEC strains demonstrated resistance to cephalosporins, tetracyclines, and penicillins, while remaining susceptible to aminoglycosides, beta-lactamase inhibitors, carbapenems, chloramphenicols, and sulfonamides. An analysis of virulence genes identified the presence of eight genes, namely CNF-I, fyuA, fimC, papC, ompA, fimH, irp2, and iroN, which are implicated in their invasiveness and potential to inflict tissue damage. The MLST analysis revealed that all ExPEC strains were classified under either sequence type ST131 (Achtman database) or ST43 (Pasteur database). The study further determined that these strains were absent in the kennel's drinking water source, thereby ruling out water contamination as a potential factor in the emergence of ST131-type ExPEC. This study offers a theoretical framework and empirical evidence for elucidating the potential pathogenic mechanisms and clinical therapeutic strategies of ExPEC in the etiology of acute pneumonia in puppies.

Phenotype and genotype of Boerka goats raised in Bali

Background and Aim

Boerka goats are the new breed in Bali targeted at meeting the increasing demand for lamb. They are meat-type goats created by crossing male Boer and female Kacang breeds. This new breed is expected to have good adaptation in a poor environment, such as Kacang goats and produce good quality lamb as Boer goats. Therefore, this study aimed to examine phenotypic and genotypic characteristics of Boerka goats raised in Bali.

Materials and Methods

A total of 16 female Boerka goats at 2 years old collected from a group of livestock farmers in Sanda Village were used as samples. This observational study began with observations of qualitative characteristics and morphometric measurements of goats, followed by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) of the growth hormone (GH) gene using GH5F and GH5R primers. Polymerase chain reaction products were then sequenced and analyzed with the MEGA 11 program.

Results

The results showed that all Boerka goats had stuck-down ears, the heads were predominantly brown in color (62.5%), the body color pattern tends to be white (87.50%), and the tail color pattern was also dominated by white (62.5%). In morphometric terms, the samples were close to Kacang goats based on the body weight, head length, head width, chest width, depth, and circumference, left front leg circumference, ear length, ear width, tail length, tail width, and flank height except for head height, body length, horn length, and shoulder height. Analysis of the GH gene showed that Boerka goats had a nucleotide composition dominated by the purine base guanine (26.5%) and pyrimidine cytosine (31.8%). Furthermore, they formed a separate cluster with a genetic distance of 14.1% to the Anhui White breed from China, the Tibetan breed, and the Swiss Saanen breed.

Conclusion

Boerka goats raised in Bali have phenotypes, including qualitative characteristics and morphometric measurements close to Kacang goats. As meat-type goats, they also form a separate cluster distinct from similar types worldwide.

Protective effect of Lactobacillus reuteri Lb11 from chicken intestinal tract against Salmonella Enteritidis SE05 in vitro

Salmonella infections in eggs with increasing morbidity and mortality exhibit worldwide prevalence. The present study intends to evaluate the efficacy of Lactobacillus reuteri Lb11 (L. reuteri Lb11, isolated from chicken intestinal tract) in inhibiting the growth of multi-drug resistant (MDR) Salmonella Enteritidis SE05 (obtained from egg content). The cell-free cell lysates (CFCL) of L. reuteri Lb11 obtained by the agar spot test performed well on inhibition of the MDR (Multi-Drug Resistant) Salmonella Enteritidis SE05, The heat-inactivated (HI) fraction of L. reuteri Lb11 showed no inhibition activity. By co-culturing with L. reuteri Lb11 in vitro, the growth of S. Enteritidis SE05 decreased along with time, while, the pH value decreased significantly. Furthermore, In order to evaluate the mechanism of action of CFCL of L.reuteri Lb11, the genes related to the transcription level of AcrAB-TolC efflux pump, outer membrane protein OMPs genes and drug resistance genes have been quantified by real-time PCR, when the S. Enteritidis was SE05 exposed to the CFCL of L. reuteri Lb11 (1 × 10¹² CFU/mL). Almost all of the AcrAB-TolC efflux pump genes, outer membrane protein genes and antibiotic resistance genes were down-regulated. Especially, the level of ramA, tetA and tetB genes were down-regulated -20.77, -15.85 and -12.42 folds, respectively. L. reuteri Lb11 can effectively prevent the formation of efflux pump to inhibit the production of multidrug-resistant Salmonella Enteritidis in eggs.